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Imagine zooming in so close that you're seeing individual atoms dance together to form the <keyword id="23543459" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="tiniest-water-bubble" source="Orion">tiniest water bubble</keyword> ever recorded! Researchers at Northwestern University recently did just that — they captured a video of the smallest <keyword id="23543453" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="water-bubble" source="keywords">water bubble</keyword> known to science, measuring only 50 nanometers (about 0.000002 inches) in diameter. This microscopic marvel might not seem like much, but its implications for technology and <keyword id="19929542" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-exploration" source="keywords">space exploration</keyword> could be massive. <h2>Science goes nano</h2>For the first time, scientists managed to film <keyword id="23543458" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="hydrogen-and-oxygen" source="keywords">hydrogen and oxygen</keyword> atoms coming together to form water in a reaction triggered by <keyword id="21034648" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="palladium" source="keywords">palladium</keyword>, a rare metal. This reaction was documented in such fine detail that it showed the tiniest water bubble ever seen by human eyes. <div type="Youtube" id="w4NRThvgJJo" title="Nano-sized bubble of water forms out of thin air" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/w4NRThvgJJo/mqdefault.jpg"><url><![CDATA[https://youtu.be/w4NRThvgJJo]]></url></div>The process involved using an ultra-thin glassy membrane with honeycomb-shaped "nanoreactor" chambers to hold the gas molecules. This setup allowed researchers to monitor the bubble formation in real-time using advanced electron microscopes. "We think it might be the smallest bubble ever formed that has been viewed directly," notes lead author Yukun Liu. "Luckily, we were recording it, so we could prove to other people that we weren't crazy." <h2>Why is it so hard to capture things this tiny?</h2>Taking images and videos of objects on such a tiny scale is no small feat. The main challenge lies in the size of the objects themselves — they are so minuscule that regular light-based microscopes can't detect them. To observe something like a 50-nanometer water bubble, researchers need to use electron microscopes, which can visualise objects at the <keyword id="23543454" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="atomic-level" source="keywords">atomic level</keyword>. These microscopes fire a beam of electrons (instead of light) at the object to create an image. However, the sample has to be stable under this intense electron bombardment, which isn't always possible with delicate <keyword id="23543457" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nanoscale-reactions" source="keywords">nanoscale reactions</keyword>. Moreover, the imaging process must be incredibly precise to capture the exact moment when atoms combine to form molecules. Even the tiniest disturbance can blur the image or distort the video. Despite these challenges, advancements in <keyword id="20080671" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nanotechnology" source="keywords">nanotechnology</keyword> and materials science have enabled scientists to visualise reactions that were once invisible. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="114190419" title="The Harvard students who added AI facial recognition to Meta glasses share some of their other big ideas" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Over the years, our ability to observe and record nanoscale reactions has improved significantly. Early attempts to capture atomic and molecular movements were limited to static images that barely scratched the surface of what was happening at the nanoscale. But thanks to innovations in <keyword id="23543456" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="electron-microscopy" source="keywords">electron microscopy</keyword> and nanoreactor designs, scientists can now create real-time videos of molecular transformations, as demonstrated in this latest study. Northwestern University’s team used a newly developed technique that allows them to capture these fleeting moments in unprecedented detail. This breakthrough marks a considerable leap in our understanding of nanoscale reactions, opening doors to innovations in chemistry, materials science, and even space technology. <h2>Making water out of thin air</h2>One of the most exciting applications of this technology could be in space exploration. The researchers believe that a scaled-up version of this reaction could help astronauts generate water directly in space. The reaction they documented is somewhat reminiscent of the scene in the movie The Martian, where Matt Damon's character creates water on Mars using fire and rocket fuel. But here, there's no need for such extreme conditions — the combination of palladium and gas is enough. Palladium, the catalyst used in this reaction, is an incredibly valuable and rare metal, often costing more than Rs 26,000 per 10 grams. Part of its scarcity is due to its versatility — it plays a critical role in catalysing numerous chemical reactions used across industries. While the expense might seem prohibitive for creating water-generation devices for space missions, the researchers argue that the benefits outweigh the costs. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="114013177" title="Tim Tully taught himself to code at age 6 and still codes daily. Here&amp;#39;s how computer science took him from startups to AI investing at Menlo Ventures." mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>"Palladium might seem expensive, but it's recyclable," Liu points out. "Our process doesn't consume it. The only thing consumed is gas, and hydrogen is the most abundant gas in the universe." As our ability to capture and understand these tiny reactions grows, so too does the potential to manipulate them for groundbreaking applications. Whether it's making water on Mars or enhancing chemical reactions here on Earth, this nano-sized bubble could pave the way for some very big things. The findings of this research have been published in PNAS and can be accessed <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2408277121">here</a>.

WATCH: Researchers capture world’s first video of atoms combining to form the tiniest water bubble ever recorded!

New York, Researchers, including an Indian-origin, have identified an advanced nanomaterial-based biosensing platform that detects, within seconds, <keyword id="102007" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Antibodies">antibodies</keyword> specific to SARS-CoV-2, the <keyword id="9552202" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="virus-responsible">virus responsible</keyword> for the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition to testing, the platform will help to quantify patient <keyword id="1441458" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="immunological">immunological</keyword> response to the new vaccines with precision, according to a paper published in the journal <keyword id="712433" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Advanced-Materials">Advanced Materials</keyword>. "We utilized the latest advances in materials and manufacturing such as nanoparticle 3D printing to create a device that rapidly detects Covid-19 antibodies," said researcher Rahul Panat, Associate Professor at Carnegie Mellon University in the US. The testing platform identifies the presence of two of the virus' antibodies, spike S1 protein and receptor-binding domain (RBD), in a very small drop of blood (about 5 microliters). Antibody concentrations can be extremely low and still detected below one picomolar (0.15 nanograms per millilitre). This detection happens through an <keyword id="10568667" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="electrochemical-reaction">electrochemical reaction</keyword> within a handheld microfluidic device which sends <keyword id="6402403" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="results">results</keyword> almost immediately to a simple interface on a smartphone. According to the researchers, an additive manufacturing technology called aerosol jet 3D printing is responsible for the efficiency and accuracy of the testing platform. Tiny, inexpensive gold micropillar electrodes are printed at the nanoscale using aerosol droplets that are thermally sintered together. This causes a rough, irregular surface that provides an increased surface area of the micropillars and an enhanced electrochemical reaction, where antibodies can latch on to antigens coated on the electrode. The specific geometry allows the micropillars to load more proteins for detection, resulting in very accurate, quick results. The test has a very low error rate because the binding reaction between the antibody and antigen used in the device is highly selective. The researchers were able to exploit this natural design to their advantage. The results come at an urgent time during the Covid-19 pandemic. "Because our technique can quantify the immune response to vaccination, it is very relevant in the current environment," Panat said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/tcs-delivers-yet-another-strong-quarter-with-16-growth-in-profit-as-covid-drives-tech-spending/articleshow/80173561.cms">TCS delivers yet another strong quarter with 16% growth in profit as COVID drives tech spending</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/retail/news/dmart-the-nearly-two-trillion-dollar-indian-retailer-may-post-strong-earnings-watch-out-for-the-progress-on-e-commerce/articleshow/80172629.cms">DMart, the nearly two trillion dollar Indian retailer, may post strong earnings ⁠— watch out for the progress on e-commerce</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/oyo-bags-a-7-4-million-cheque-as-pandemic-forces-ritesh-agarwal-to-reimagine-the-business/articleshow/80170847.cms">OYO bags a $7.4 million cheque as pandemic forces Ritesh Agarwal to reimagine the business</a>

Researchers identified advanced biosensing platform that detects COVID-19 antibodies within seconds

<div style="width: 100%; overflow: hidden;"><a href="http://ad.doubleclick.net/click;h=v2|406D|0|0|%2a|s;269075486;0-0;0;95225327;31-1|1;53051265|52992675|1;;;pc=[TPAS_ID]%3fhttps://xedge.aperture.displaymarketplace.com/audmeasure.gif?liveconclientID=4363687804992&amp;CreativeID=50896005&amp;PlacementID=85605703&amp;EventType=Click&amp;rand=3316882&amp;RedirectURL=http://www.chase.com/business-banking/platinum-business-vtw.html?jp_cmp=bb/7331241/ext/linkedin/versatility" target="_blank"></a>
This post is part of the "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/big-ideas" target="_blank">Small Business, Big Ideas</a>" series, in which business leaders, entrepreneurs, and innovators share their stories of overcoming obstacles and achieving success. "<keyword id="6359222" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="small-business">Small Business</keyword>, <keyword id="746202" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="big-ideas">Big Ideas</keyword>" is sponsored by Chase. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/big-ideas">See more posts in the series »</a>
</div><div class="image-container float_right" style="width:480px"><div class="image">Nauga Needles</div></div>Of all the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/invaluable-advice-from-18-of-americas-top-small-business-owners-2013-6">small business owners nominated for a big national award</a>, by far our favorite was Kentucky's Mehdi Yazdanpanah and his company Nauga Needles.
<a href="http://nauganeedles.com/">Nauga Needles</a> makes "nano-needles" — incredibly small metal wires sharp points that are being used by researchers to manipulate, probe, and measure things on a microscopic level.
The whole thing started after Yazdanpanah, an Iranian immigrant, made an accidental and fortunate discovery in a lab at the University of Louisville, where he was a Ph.D. student in electrical engineering.
"It was actually in 2004 where, by accident I found that silver and gallium react with each other at room temperature. Through this reaction, mother nature makes a nano-needle-like structure," he says.
Once the graduate student figured out how to make needles form individually, he immediately saw the potential.
Yazdanpanah didn't come to America to start a business.
"I was a foreign student here on a visa, and I had $500 in my savings account, so there was no way, in my imagination, that I could some day be a businessman," he says.
There was a language barrier, a culture barrier, and an experience barrier.
"It was scary at the beginning to come here because it's a very different country, but the transition ended up being so smooth. That's why they call it the land of the American Dream," he says.
What helped him transition from scientist to CEO was a <a href="http://www.kauffman.org/newsroom/kauffman-foundation-announces-first-class-of-postdoctoral-entrepreneurship-fellows.aspx">Kauffman postdoctoral fellowship</a> in 2009, which provided funding and taught him the basics of running a business.
There are also certain advantages to living in Kentucky, like much cheaper costs than in Silicon Valley.
He was able to hire people from the University of Louisville who were already familiar with the technology, though he says talent can be rough, particularly on the business side.
<div class="image-container float_left" style="width:480px"><div class="image">Nauga needlesThe Nauga Needles Team</div></div>Nauga Needles already has six full-time and four part-time employees, with some work outsourced. The long-term goal is to manufacture everything in Louisville.
The location made finding private funding difficult, however, even as the Internet made it possible to sell product everywhere. Without the luxury of big investments, Nauga Needles had to start selling right away.
Eventually the company got a loan from Louisville for equipment, won a business plan competition, got funding from the state of Kentucky, and won a grant from the National Science Foundation.
"It took all of this together. The best part of it was because we had the sales that were helping us to grow organically. Now we are at the point where we can raise money, but our backs are not against the wall," Yazdanpanah said. "We have some breathing room and we're looking for the smart money."
Right now, their major customers are researchers in the semiconductor industry, biology, physics, and nano-mechanical engineering.
"We're making tools that enable researchers to do things in nano-scale," Yazdanpanah said.
He thinks the applications will only grow. Right now, for example, he is working on a blood test kit that can detect and count cancer cells.
<keyword id="6650018" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="nanotechnology">Nanotechnology</keyword> is in its infancy right now, but the potential is huge.
"I like to say that I didn't get a Ph.D. to get a job, I got a Ph.D. to create jobs," he says. "And I hope that some day my company hires thousands of people if not hundreds of thousands. That's my dream come true."

You Searched For "nanoscale reactions" and got 3 results

WATCH: Researchers capture world’s first video of atoms combining to form the tiniest water bubble ever recorded!

Ankush Banerjee

Researchers identified advanced biosensing platform that detects COVID-19 antibodies within seconds

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Mehdi Yazdanpanah Has the Coolest Small Business In America

Max Nisen

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