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New Delhi: Nine of the top-10 most valued firms together added Rs 2,01,552.69 crore in market valuation last week, with <keyword id="19951944" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bharti-Airtel" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Bharti Airtel" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Bharti Airtel">Bharti Airtel</keyword> stealing the show, amid bullish investors' sentiment in equities. Last week, the BSE benchmark jumped 1,707.01 points or 2.10 per cent. The 30-share BSE Sensex hit its lifetime high of 83,116.19 on Thursday. Bharti Airtel's valuation jumped Rs 54,282.62 crore to Rs 9,30,490.20 crore, becoming the biggest gainer among the top-10 firms. The market capitalisation (mcap) of <keyword id="19900482" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ICICI-Bank" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ICICI Bank" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="ICICI Bank">ICICI Bank</keyword> surged Rs 29,662.44 crore to Rs 8,80,867.09 crore. <keyword id="19950119" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Tata-Consultancy-Services" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Tata Consultancy Services" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Tata Consultancy Services">Tata Consultancy Services</keyword> (TCS) added Rs 23,427.12 crore taking its valuation to Rs 16,36,189.63 crore. The mcap of Hindustan Unilever soared Rs 22,438.6 crore to Rs 6,89,358.33 crore and that of <keyword id="19895995" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="HDFC-Bank" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="HDFC Bank" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="HDFC Bank">HDFC Bank</keyword> zoomed Rs 22,093.99 crore to Rs 12,70,035.77 crore. The market valuation of Infosys climbed Rs 17,480.49 crore to Rs 8,07,299.55 crore and that of ITC rallied Rs 15,194.17 crore to Rs 6,42,531.82 crore. The valuation of <keyword id="19896380" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reliance-Industries" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Reliance Industries" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Reliance Industries">Reliance Industries</keyword> jumped Rs 9,878.19 crore to Rs 19,92,160.61 crore and that of State Bank of India went up by Rs 7,095.07 crore to Rs 7,05,535.20 crore. However, the mcap of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) declined by Rs 3,004.38 crore to Rs 6,54,004.76 crore. Reliance Industries was leading the chart of the top-10 most valued firms followed by TCS, HDFC Bank, Bharti Airtel, ICICI Bank, Infosys, State Bank of India, Hindustan Unilever, LIC and ITC.

Mcap of nine of top-10 most valued firms jump Rs 2 lakh crore, Bharti Airtel leads the surge

Foreign investors have withdrawn nearly Rs 20,000 crore from Indian stock markets in just five trading days (November 4–8), continuing a trend of large-scale selling that began last month. Experts say investors are now moving their money to China, largely due to the high valuations presently prevailing in Indian markets. In early November, FPIs have offloaded as much as Rs 19,994 crore in Indian markets. The month prior, i.e., October, was one of the worst months in terms of foreign outflows, with FPIs making a net withdrawal of Rs 94,017 crore. Before this, Indian markets faced such a situation during the pandemic, when FPIs withdrew Rs 61,973 crore from equities in March 2020. <h2>Why Are Investors Leaving? </h2>According to Himanshu Srivastava of Morningstar Investment Research India, two main factors are driving this exodus. First is China's renewed appeal due to lower stock valuations and new economic stimulus measures. In a bid to nudge the domestic economy and bail state governments, China recently approved a 10-trillion yuan (US $1.4 trillion) package. Per reports, approximately 60% of this stimulus focuses on allowing local governments to refinance the mountain of debt on them. Srivastava explains foreign investors are also flocking to US dollar and Treasury yields, which have appreciated significantly in the recent past, leading FPIs to anticipate a stronger US economy going ahead. Moreover, high valuations in Indian markets are discouraging foreign investors from putting more money in the economy. As a result, over the past week, the selling pressure eroded Rs 74,563 crore in market value for Reliance Industries, while Bharti Airtel and ICICI Bank lost Rs 26,274 crore and Rs 22,254 crore, respectively. The combined market valuation of six of the top 10 most-valued firms dipped by Rs 1,55,721.12 crore last week. <h2> Silver linings</h2>Despite the ongoing outflux of funds since last month, November also saw unprecedented applications of about 40–50 new FPI registrations, which are eyeing to enter the Indian market. This was due to markets SEBIs recent relaxation to NRIs, permitting them to participate up to 100% and announcing measures for ease of entry and operations in India. On the other hand, FPIs invested Rs 599 crore in the debt general limit and Rs 2,896 crore in the debt voluntary retention route (VRR) during the period under review. So far this year, FPIs have invested Rs 1.06 lakh crore in the debt market. <li class="whitespace-normal break-words"></li>Going ahead, investors will be looking for certain macroeconomic cues, which include corporate earnings reports, India's inflation (CPI) and industrial production (IIP) data on November 12, the US inflation report on November 13, and wholesale price index (WPI) data on November 14.

FPIs withdraw nearly Rs 20,000 crore from equities in the last 5 trading sessions, make a beeline for China and US

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A new study shows 51.6% of US stocks since 1925 lost value over their lifetimes.</li><li>But there are steps one can take to mitigate risk, says Lance Roberts.</li></ul>It may come as a surprise that most stocks lose value over their lifetimes, given the long-term outperformance of major indexes like the S&amp;P 500.A <a target="_blank" href="https://download.ssrn.com/2024/10/1/4897069.pdf?response-content-disposition=inline&amp;X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEC0aCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJHMEUCIQDN0qA7vH3iVQ7kMnZb4o9%2B6lcNFjaOmf49w%2Bw5bU5jTwIgcl%2BOpTpgkU0WOQS0sUYTeqH4vOVA8%2B8E6WE59iHcgnEqxgUIlv%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2F%2FARAEGgwzMDg0NzUzMDEyNTciDCv3AwTMvnly0NCcWyqaBSrLGbVPR%2FoKw54NV4LpS3q9DrkC7NW5xBeK2ftAprs7ZR3zweHEhwYokQZoeckyXVjOYsfI5OgW5X%2Bhoc1%2BXcM0CqhRVsDEfiBV4qaTawLsmCdPLxe25894Br3LsWasPrlqCZAH0%2BxqDk2kc9I8ll7kgw29%2Bmxqt0yMQeFb94WPydLAWP2stv7jD115u2xfyuzvMlKTlQ8n4q5ZgJrPTd0kZ6g17XIlXbj8IL%2BvVqr7whu15KdngyMNqBNVU9GkBTLR81ubC8l%2B%2FTW3xSxgv6BbMntgX35R6HQv2uOzghLnb1qbkEdKYJFV4R62Fte8CUaOCwctmVXfLasGnKnT5BSiEdYnOhZQbdlmUPn%2FAWZdQRjqL8wm0iDfuM4BtEY1z0ciIiJ4NY0j7oglRko3K4qqP40u1U6CaAH2DhQeFdhQKa439hGN9RDg9RBi3%2FJ3onq6CHpFJuwtPv8Yku5vVy6xtVdk3YQ96ByG3T1VmjbABE3GdTwdsUxl%2BQfCS3RY%2FjHUDhbCai6ISC224s0DqUFs8FScV5TgvzgtkV8H4DuKVmOiK5qPX7vYHRRhbwcuBjxYMYZQjiAoTTckr2YYAKBnKsROl%2FnNdm4G5ajKXDWMAg9Qr2lp7MOSOYS2HRoUq3WQM%2BqPFe5dvmhJAi0VdiglMOVr2nOKLlcJYslVEmVSPh1gsSwc%2FuGB3zqv4nMD9aF9yURFCH3D4hSVN7yxxfiICYhDa7ShR7zJrYlE3ynmdUq93rBo7BNZYUB9osihmSdmZ%2BmgMv7JbliHmQQ3%2BAcziK6rMzmyeIRnAvLRc2RBywKi0xELG%2BhdhhaHjhpIfp2om%2FUK0K40CScj8RPLooS%2BESjM7Um1N3VZOe6BAOYE5BLTmiyHG1QMezDZ9tq4BjqxATVtLNrOOHOYEAQZIosRIxp1zb2GclGkoEhSicOA%2BE%2BbO2hvslHnjd40DFltPtmBYF11Njs6G5hJhfO692AkL4qSuuMuHPv7kdkzrC8POj3h6JnqrPdWUkFqC%2F3UWvPe87E26USmQo59UWLnXFizN94H58Zcmu5wf9eSMFxKG4clIBMWdttM170wHE3yM%2FIChBmKC8unL1x%2BrW9N%2Fub9QEc8ltLUIq3rvQN8AOBHPZYX8A%3D%3D&amp;X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&amp;X-Amz-Date=20241021T213401Z&amp;X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&amp;X-Amz-Expires=300&amp;X-Amz-Credential=ASIAUPUUPRWEZRIUPSYY%2F20241021%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&amp;X-Amz-Signature=1021ef908b230aa75cb64668700a9ac247e2301ab654cc87622c3e6185016a1c&amp;abstractId=4897069">recent paper</a> from Arizona State University professor Hendrik Bessembinder found that 51.6% of 29,078 US stocks since 1925 have lost value from when they were listed. The median return of those stocks was -7.4%.If you're an investor who likes to keep your money in individual stocks instead of an index fund, those might be scary statistics. But there are a few steps you can take to mitigate risk, according to RIA Advisors Chief Investment Strategist Lance Roberts, who discussed the paper in a recent note.To start — it's advice you hear time and again — make sure your money is diversified enough.Diversification comes in many forms. In addition to putting money into stocks, perhaps consider investing in bonds and real estate, Roberts said. You could also consider spreading your money across a number of different industries and sectors, instead of having your whole portfolio in, say, a few tech stocks. A simple way of doing that could also be putting money into an index fund.You can also set up stop-loss orders. This can be done in a brokerage account, and your position is sold if a share price falls to a certain point. There's also the trailing stop-loss order, Roberts said, which adjusts based on upward movements in a stock's price. So a 5% stop-loss limit, for example, moves up to correspond to a level 5% below a stock's rising price, but will never dip below the original stop-loss limit."This safeguard ensures that you are not solely reliant on timing the market, which, as we all know, is nearly impossible to do consistently," Roberts said.And third, take profits on gains. With Nvidia and other AI stocks delivering ungodly returns over the last couple of years, this piece of advice might be good for investors in those firms to hear. It can be tempting to stay fully in a stock that has treated you well. But doing so may also melt away the wealth you've built if the stock has a sudden turnaround, Roberts said."This is not an uncommon issue that I always see with clients and prospects," Roberts wrote. "Greed comes in three destructive forms: 1) the need to make more, 2) the lack of knowing when "enough is enough," and 3) the unwillingness to pay taxes."He suggested a strategy resembling something like taking half of your gains and buying safer assets like Treasurys, and said to keep in mind that paying taxes on capital gains can be cheaper than suffering losses."As investors, it's crucial to understand that market gains are never guaranteed and that the risks of overexposure can be devastating," Roberts said. If you're "riding the wave of massive market gains, ask yourself: Is now the time to take some chips off the table? Are your investments aligned with your long-term goals and risk tolerance?"

A new study shows most stocks have lost value in the last 100 years. Take these 3 steps to protect your portfolio.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Russia almost tripled its defense spending to finance its invasion of Ukraine.</li><li>Defense firms are busy — but high inflation and interest rates past 20% have left them struggling.</li></ul>In Russia's defense sector, demand is surging — but its companies are struggling all the same.The Kremlin is seeking ever more weapons for its attack on Ukraine.But sky-high interest rates are leaving companies struggling to turn a profit, a prominent CEO recently said.Sergei Chemezov, CEO of the defense conglomerate Rostec, sounded the alarm in an address to Russian senators in late October.He <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.rbc.ru/economics/23/10/2024/6718c36a9a79476b774f1989">said</a> "record" interest rates were "eating up" the profit from its orders.<h2 id="f760578d-7185-4150-bf09-fde6f3d70c06">Debt trap</h2>He said clients tended to pay 30%-40% of an order's value in advance, leaving the firm to borrow the rest.That debt, he said, was so expensive that it canceled out any profit on the work."If we continue to work like this, then most of our enterprises will go bankrupt," he said.A few days after he spoke, Russia's central bank <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-central-bank-raises-key-interest-rate-to-21-2024-10">hiked its main interest rate further still</a>, from 19% to 21%.Rostec is not alone in its predicament, economic analysts told Business Insider.Rising interest rates and export bans were eroding Russian defense companies' profits across the board, they said, making the Russian state the only guarantor of revenues.<h2 id="b9ad0c28-486e-4588-b4c2-4b027ca1e40d">Sustaining the war machine</h2>Since launching a full-scale invasion of Ukraine about two and a half years ago, the Kremlin has taken a slew of measures to keep its defense sector pumping out tanks, ammunition, drones, and missiles.It restructured its economy to prioritize the war, imposed export bans, tapped its national wealth fund, and strengthened trade with non-Western countries.Its defense budget soared, from $59 billion in 2022 to $109 billion in 2023.It's heading for an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.sipri.org/media/newsletter/2023-december">estimated $140 billion</a> in 2024, with a draft budget forecasting $145 billion for 2025.That figure would represent 6.3% of Russian GDP, the highest share since Soviet times.That spending has consequences, said Roman Sheremeta, an associate professor of economics at the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University."The government pumped enormous sums of money to support the war efforts," he told Business Insider. "And the Russian reserves have been almost depleted."The liquid assets of Russia's national wealth fund dropped by almost half, from 8.9 trillion rubles (about $91 billion) before the war to 5 trillion rubles (about $51 billion) at the end of last year, Bloomberg <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-17/war-in-ukraine-drains-nearly-half-of-accessible-russian-reserves">reported</a> in January, citing Finance Ministry data."The Kremlin cannot afford defense companies to go bankrupt," Sheremeta said.<h2 id="86664911-b4d8-4aec-ad9a-8c27b113bb7b">A 'death spiral'</h2>While huge defense expenditures have contributed to economic growth in Russia and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-economy-ukraine-war-moscow-military-spending-currency-inflation-budget-2024-9">averted a recession</a>, they also fueled inflation.When it hiked the key interest rate to 21%, Russia's central bank said its mission was to tame inflation.In September, Russia's annual inflation rate rose to 8.6%, far above its 4% target.Sheremeta described the situation as a "death spiral," where war spending begets more inflation, which requires more war spending."What is even worse for those companies," he said of the defense firms, "is that they cannot export due to sanctions and sell their weapons for US dollars or Euros."Daniel Treisman, a professor of political science at the University of California, Los Angeles, and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research, said Russia could end up with hyperinflation."As the budget deficit rises in the face of military costs, the need to cover part of it by printing money will drive prices ever higher, and the Central Bank will have to hike interest rates further to slow them," he said.<h2 id="2a236608-2617-4e7e-8687-d480f19dea32">A crisis point — but not yet</h2>The experts BI spoke to both said Russia could sustain its spending for a year or more before a crisis point.Some see even more runway.Iikka Korhonen, the head of research at the Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies, said defense companies won't be allowed to go bankrupt, and would instead be restructured or bailed out.Russia has done that before, saving indebted defense firms in 2016 during an earlier financial crisis.If that doesn't fix the problem, "other sectors will be cut" to keep defense firms going, Korhonen said.Julian Cooper, Professor Emeritus at the Centre for Russian and East European Studies of the University of Birmingham, made similar remarks."If some defense companies cannot fulfill their obligations, the Kremlin can simply nationalize them," Sheremeta said.Konstantin Sonin, a professor at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy, forecast a dark economic future ahead for Russia due in part to "borrowing" funds from the future.In an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-economy-ukraine-war-outlook-moscow-sanctions-west-firms-uchicago-2024-10">op-ed</a> for Project Syndicate earlier this month, Sonin wrote that massive investment in military production at the expense of key public spending programs may strengthen Putin's hand in the short term."But it sets a time bomb under longer-term economic development," he wrote."Whenever the Ukraine war ends and Russia returns to international trade (beyond raw materials), all the nationalizations of recent years will come back to haunt it," he wrote.

Russia's defense sector is running on overdrive — but firms are warning of bankruptcy

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Generative AI's initial hype in advertising is now tempered with growing skepticism.</li><li>Still, major agencies like Publicis and WPP are planning significant AI investments.</li></ul>Two years after OpenAI's ChatGPT and other chatbots launched, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-has-marketing-problem-people-dont-like-hearing-about-it-2024-8">advertising community's excitement over generative AI</a> has come down to earth.The shift was evident at New York's Advertising Week, a four-day gathering this week that organizers expected 17,000 to attend. On panels and in off-stage conversations, industry insiders seemed to talk as much about the limitations as the promises of AI."I think for the first time I'm starting to hear skepticism around AI," said Ashwin Navin, CEO and cofounder of Samba TV, a TV measurement firm.In an industry that loves to show it's early to adopt new tech, it's been easy for practitioners to claim they're using generative AI to do things that aren't really new, like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-artificial-intelligence-is-used-in-marketing-strategy-2024-5">basic personalizing</a> and targeting ads, he said. "What's the marketing spin versus what's new for marketers to evaluate?"Disciples of generative AI say it can take the pain out of some of the repetitive tasks involved in analyzing data, buying ads, and matching ads to specific groups of people. The major advertising agency groups — including <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ad-group-publicis-lays-out-300-million-ai-ambitions-2024-1">Publicis</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.marketingdive.com/news/havas-AI-future-investment-integrated-communications/719569/">Havas</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="https://adage.com/article/agency-news/wpp-invest-318-million-ai-annually-mark-read-says/2539231">WPP</a> — have all pledged to invest hundreds of millions of dollars in AI over the next few years. Last year, a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.salesforce.com/news/stories/generative-ai-for-marketing-research/">Salesforce</a> survey showed about three-quarters of marketers were or planned to use generative AI.But there's been a growing narrative in the industry that some of the new AI tech isn't much of a leap forward from what was already available."There's a potential for a generative AI solution to just be a solution in search of a problem," said Andrew Lipsman, an independent media, advertising, and commerce analyst. "An ad buying user interface is usually just a few fields of information to toggle through to set up your campaign. I'm not sure that's something that really needs to be further solved."Zaid Al-Qassab, the global CEO of advertising agency M&amp;C Saatchi, said in a recent interview with Business Insider that AI can be a distraction for clients. "The real question is, what's your business challenge?"Al-Qassab said he sees plenty of promise in the tech. After he started in the role in May, he made a set of AI tools used in one part of the company available to everyone. One of the features pulls from a bunch of data sources to evaluate how people feel about a brand. He's also optimistic about AI's ability to generate ideas for ad campaigns, personalize ads beyond just changing the recipient's name, and save time writing client briefs.But other things, like AI project management tools, can't replace the value of a face-to-face client meeting with an agency rep, he said."It can't represent you," he said.Then there's the question of creativity. Some advertisers like Google and Toys "R" Us have been <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-has-marketing-problem-people-dont-like-hearing-about-it-2024-8">met with backlash</a> when using or referencing AI in their ads, often because of the fear among audiences that AI could replace jobs and sap human creativity.Generally, in conversations with seven industry insiders around Advertising Week, the areas most frequently mentioned as having promise with AI were improving targeting and ad creative, but their potential was far from being fully realized.<h2 id="446c0bf2-a9d9-45f1-bb85-d25f6b2a1a76">Some uses of AI show some promise, but have limitations</h2>Early on, it was easy to see how AI could cut costs by doing some rote tasks. But people in the field say for it to transform advertising, they expect it to do more, like improve the quality of ad messaging and targeting."Let's not just think about how to cut costs; let's use it to do better storytelling," Samba's Navin said.That's starting to happen. Media companies like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nbcuniversal-using-emotional-targeting-new-gen-ai-driven-ads-2024-3">NBCUniversal</a> use AI to analyze topics in video content so advertisers can run contextual ads around that content. NBCU said ads performed up to 49% better this way.Another area AI is starting to work in is finding new potential customers. Adtech firm DoubleVerify brought a client, Diageo, on stage at Advertising Week to share its success using DoubleVerify's AI tool to help sell its spirits like Ketel One vodka while keeping costs down.Speaking on another panel, Nick Fairbairn, VP of marketing at finance app Chime, said AI helped him find unexpected media outlets to target people for a new product launch.That said, even when AI tools have had positive results, ad insiders often also spoke of their limitations.Joshua Nafman, VP of data and operations at Diageo, said that while DoubleVerify's AI tool helped boost sales, Diageo had to roll out the process one brand, ad campaign, and market at a time."We started joking, it was not test and learn, it's retest and relearn," Nafman said.Fairbairn said he sees an opportunity to use AI to match ads to individuals, but added that it was early days."I want to make sure it doesn't just look like the same ad with a different word," he said.Though enthusiasm about AI was tempered in the industry at this year's Advertising Week, there wasn't a widespread abandonment of the tech. AI-focused panels were as well attended as ever.Some also see opportunity in the friction.Adtech company LiveRamp announced a pair of AI partnerships to help marketers find the right AI company for a given problem.LiveRamp CEO Scott Howe said that while AI is a hot industry topic, many marketers are unsure how to use it."In some respects, they're more scared about it because they think there's downside, because they don't understand what the upside is," Howe said. "We feel there's a gap in the industry that we can help fill."

Advertisers are scrutinizing the value of AI tools as some early efforts fall flat

The stock of <keyword id="19896380" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reliance-Industries" source="keywords">Reliance Industries</keyword> Ltd climbed nearly 3 per cent during the late afternoon trade on Thursday following the announcement that the company's board will consider issuing 1:1 bonus shares on September 5. Shares of the firm jumped 2.63 per cent to Rs 3,074.80 on the BSE as soon as the announcement came in. At the NSE, the bellwether stock climbed 2.58 per cent to Rs 3,074. The company's market valuation also surged Rs 42,399.24 crore to Rs 20,60,461.42 crore. <keyword id="10926" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reliance" source="Orion">Reliance</keyword>, the nation's most valuable company, had last issued bonus shares in September 2017. "A meeting of the Board of Directors of the company is scheduled to be held on Thursday, September 5, 2024, to consider and recommend to the shareholders for their approval, issue of bonus shares in the ratio of 1:1 to the equity shareholders of the company by capitalisation of reserves," the firm said in the stock exchange filing. Prior to the 1:1 bonus issue in 2017, Reliance had in 2009 issued 1:1 bonus share.

Reliance Industries valuation jumps by Rs 42,399 crore following 1:1 bonus shares consideration announcement

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have reportedly been tapped on a valuation of OpenAI.</li><li>The transformative AI startup is evaluating what it could take to become a for-profit company.</li></ul>As <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-3q-results-dealmaking-trading-resurgence-david-solomon-2024-10">third-quarter earnings demonstrated</a>, Wall Street dealmaking appears to be bouncing back after three years of lackluster activity.For bank bosses, it signals a return to vying for the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/megamergers-deals-m-a-wall-street-comeback-2024-9">biggest M&amp;As</a>, IPOs, and debt-capital raises in hopes of the largest paydays for themselves and their firms. Yet, one of the most coveted projects on the Street right now is unlikely to mint much money for the investment banks involved — at least in the short term.Last week, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/the-14-billion-question-dividing-openai-and-microsoft-71cf7d37">Wall Street Journal reported</a> that OpenAI and its longtime backer, Microsoft, have begun talks to determine how much money Microsoft stands to receive if OpenAI converted to a for-profit institution. The Journal reported that OpenAI tapped advisors at <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-sachs-2q-earnings-david-solomon-investment-banking-forecast-2024-7">Goldman Sachs</a>, and Microsoft, which has poured some $14 billion into the AI startup as a nonprofit, is relying on Morgan Stanley to facilitate the negotiations. Spokespersons for both Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley declined to comment or confirm their reported participation in the project.BI called up two Wall Street dealmakers who specialize in tech banking to walk us through what the process could look like, as well as a valuation expert on the faculty of the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wharton-data-science-class-upenn-madoff-diamonds-airbnb-finance-jobs-2022-3">Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania</a>. They also shared a look at what it could mean for the banks that won this business, both in terms of pay and reputation. The two investment bankers – neither of whom are affiliated with Goldman, Morgan Stanley, OpenAI, or Microsoft — requested anonymity to preserve industry relationships.The experts said the OpenAI valuation process stands to be stressful and drawn out — potentially taking up to six months — and could come with little to no financial reward for the banks involved. That said, the job still represents a huge win for Goldman and Morgan Stanley's tech teams since they now stand at the front of the line for whatever comes next for OpenAI.Thanks to ChatGPT, San Francisco-based OpenAI stands at the forefront of the artificial-intelligence revolution, which is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/artificial-intelligence/publications/artificial-intelligence-study.html">projected</a> to contribute nearly $16 trillion to the world economy by 2030, according to consulting firm PwC. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/tech/ai/openai-nearly-doubles-valuation-to-157-billion-in-funding-round-ee220607?mod=article_inline">A recent fundraise</a> valued the company at more than $150 billion. After it converts to a for-profit company, it could seek to raise money through the stock market or make acquisitions — all of which could prove lucrative for its Wall Street partners.Even the banks that are not part of this process stand to win if the final valuation is high enough, said Michael Roberts, the finance professor at Wharton. "If it comes at a really high multiple, what does that mean? It means you can raise an enormous amount of money if you are an AI company," he said, adding: "If I go back 15 years, the place to be as an investment banker was in Silicon Valley. But this could be sort of the next Silicon Valley 3.0."Here's a look inside the process and what it means for the Wall Street dealmakers who won this business, according to the tech bankers and the finance professor.<h2 id="277fe458-53dd-471b-bcca-880ebd8043d7">The banks have different goals: 'You're going to do battle'</h2>Morgan Stanley's objective will be to secure the greatest equity for its client, Microsoft, while Goldman's goal may be the opposite — pitting the two sides against one another."You're going to do battle," said one of the sources — a senior tech banker at a midsize investment bank — about the bankers on either side of the negotiating table.The valuation could take as much as six months, depending on what legal snags crop up, these people said. Since there's no obvious precedent for valuing this company, the bankers will want to get creative, which could open the door to lots of debate.The tech banker at the midsize firm said the goal will be to find comparisons in the real world that would make a compelling case for what OpenAI could be worth. "You might look at some of the early days of the last couple of generations of very disruptive technologies," he said, citing Apple in its early iPhone era and Google "back in the early days of disrupting the search market."The second banker, a former executive at a large-cap investment bank who now handles some tech deals at a small, independent firm, said that the banks will do a "landscape analysis" and ask questions about whether OpenAI could one day take Google's place.Roberts, the Wharton professor, proffered the name of another disruptive tech company: Uber. As it redefined the ride-hailing industry, there were "enormous" variations in its valuation projections. For OpenAI, though, the situation could be even more complex since its impact on the economy stands to be more dramatic.<h2 id="f2400755-f31e-489f-891d-876291a5211f">Risks and rewards</h2>Two of the experts BI spoke to estimated that the banks' fees for their work on the valuation could be low, at under $25 million each, with one suggesting it could even be gratis due to the competitive nature of the business. A third expert estimated the fees would likely be greater than $25 million but under $100 million.For context, advising on an actual merger or big-ticket public offering can <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/04/banks-earn-650-million-in-fees-and-stock-gains-from-ipo-flurry.html">generate many multiples of that</a> for investment-banking advisors — to the tune of hundreds of millions.The fees, however, are not likely the focus. "The goal is to lock the relationship up," said the senior technology dealmaker at the midsize firm, noting that OpenAI and Microsoft are companies that bankers would kill to have as clients.This banker said <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-chatgpt-openai-ceo-career-net-worth-ycombinator-prepper-2023-1">Sam Altman</a>, the founder of OpenAI, appears to put a premium on trust and interpersonal relationships, which could be to Goldman's benefit. He has a reputation for being "loyalty-driven," said the banker, who has met Altman and knows his reputation through conversations with the tech community.Morgan Stanley, for its part, has enjoyed a relationship with Microsoft that stretches back years. In 2016, the firm was the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-and-linkedin-bankers-2016-6">only advisor to Microsoft</a> on its $26 billion acquisition of social-networking-giant LinkedIn.This wouldn't be the first time banks have shown a willingness to play the long game in exchange for future potential gains.In 2022, a syndicate of banks led by Morgan Stanley <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-elon-musk-was-able-to-buy-twitter-despite-risks-2022-4">assembled $25 billion in capital</a> to lend to Tesla founder Elon Musk to finance his acquisition of X, the social-media platform formerly known as Twitter. X's lackluster financial performance prevented some banks <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-x-twitter-debt-financing-banks-2008-financial-crisis-2024-8">from offloading the debt</a>, leading to losses. However, the goal, as one banker said at the time, was to "get a foot in the door with the man and his business."The investment banker who formerly worked at a large-cap bank said potential drawbacks could include some banks being excluded from other AI deals for competitive reasons."The likelihood that Google would take a very stance and be less willing to work with them is probably high because whenever you're involved in something like this, you're 'under the tent,' and you're seeing a lot of very sensitive things about where something is going and not going," this person explained.Largely speaking, however, Wall Street is poised to win, Roberts said."Given how much money's at stake here, even the loser isn't really going to lose, are they?" he said, adding, "It's all relative."Are you an investment-banking insider? Get in touch with this reporter. Reed Alexander can be reached via email at ralexander@businessinsider.com, and SMS/the encrypted app Signal at (561) 247-5758.

Inside Wall Street's efforts to value OpenAI: Who's involved, how it could work, and what's at stake for the banks

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The growing ranks of boomers aged 65-plus could spark a boom in the senior housing market.</li><li>Demand for senior housing is expected to surge 50% by 2040, Capital Economics estimated.</li></ul>A big investment opportunity is brewing in one corner of the real estate market, thanks to a wave of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-retirement-of-peak-boomers-could-affect-economy-social-security-2024-4">baby boomers</a> that are about to age into retirement, according to Capital Economics.The research firm pointed to the so-called "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-will-happen-baby-boomer-homes-die-millennials-gen-z-2024-1">silver tsunami</a>," the moniker that's been given to describe the imminent surge of Americans over the age of 65 entering prime retirement age. It says this will drive strong demand for <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cost-of-a-retirement-home-community-in-every-state-2019-7">senior housing</a> facilities, including assisted living, independent living, skilled nursing, and memory care.For real-estate investors faced with a prolonged slump in the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/commercial-real-estate-office-debt-investing-outlook-blackstone-jon-gray-2024-11">commercial real estate</a> space, senior housing offers an enticing alternative, wrote Imogen Pattison, an assistant economist at Capital Economics."With an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/baby-boomer-gen-z-millennials-economy-housing-job-market-stocks-2024-2">aging population</a>, senior housing has a clear long run structural demand driver pointing to further growth in the sector. Our analysis shows rent prospects appear strong on the back of undersupply and solid wage growth," Pattison wrote. "That makes senior housing a compelling option for investors looking to break away from traditional property investment."The 65-plus population is on track to grow 30% over the next 16 years, encompassing 80 million Americans by 2040, according to estimates from the US Census Bureau.<div type="image" title="Graph showing number of Americans over age of 65" height="964" width="1396" msid="115427149" hostid="261" sizebytes="21546"></div>Meanwhile, around 11% of those over the age of 65 are currently living in a form of senior housing, according to the American Senior Housing Association. Assuming that percentage holds steady, that implies demand for senior housing will grow 50% over the next 16 years, per Capital Economics' analysis, up from 6 million in 2023 to 9 million in 2040.Rents, meanwhile, are seeing a strong uptrend, thanks to the supply of senior housing growing tighter after the pandemic. The sector posted more than 5% year-per-year rent growth in 2023, nearly double its 20-year average, the firm added.<div type="image" title="Chart showing senior housing rent growth" height="1001" width="1413" msid="115427143" hostid="261" sizebytes="26652"></div>That puts the senior housing sector on track to see average annual returns of 13% for the next four years, the firm estimated. Yearly returns are also set to peak in 2026 at around 16%, it added, more than triple the 4.5% yearly growth expected in 2024."We expect continued tight supply to bolster rents over the next year or so," Pattison added. "Taken together, strong capital value growth and income returns mean the sector looks relatively attractive compared to the other real estate sectors."The <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/commercial-real-estate-office-outlook-fire-sales-apartment-conversions-housing-2024-10">commercial real estate</a> space has been challenged in recent years, with the demand for offices being weighed down by work-from-home trends while borrowing costs rise in the sector. That means the most troubled office buildings could see a wave of fire sales and conversions, potentially sparking steep losses for property owners, real estate experts told Business Insider.

A 'silver tsunami' of retirement-age baby boomers is creating a big opportunity for real-estate investors, research firm says

The entire country celebrating Raksha Bandhan today. But are you one of those elder siblings still mulling and stuck over the perfect gift to give your younger ones? Well, then it is time for you to move beyond your traditional gift ideas like sweets, gadgets, clothes, and jewelry, and invest in their future prosperity. How? By gifting them <keyword id="19905382" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="stocks" source="keywords">stocks</keyword>, or even mutual fund units. Here's a deep dive into how you can lay the foundations of a lasting bond with your siblings, and cement their financial future, one stock and one mutual fund unit at a time. <h2>How can I gift shares ?</h2>You can swiftly transfer shares online, provided both you and your siblings have a <keyword id="19977340" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="demat" source="keywords">demat</keyword> account. Many brokerage firms like Zerodha, Groww and others also offer this facility. For this, you will need to input details like your sibling's name (who you wish should receive these shares), particulars of their demat account, the amount of shares you wish to give as gift, and the name and 12-digit ISIN number of the company whose stocks you want to transfer. In addition, you will also have to provide the beneficiary owner ID of your siblings, reason for transferring these shares, and bank account details. In order to kickstart the process, you'll have to initiate what is known as an off-market settlement. This means without the stock exchange coming into the picture, two parties i.e. you and your sibling will mutually settle shares. For this, you will have to submit a delivery instruction slip (DIS) to your DP, or depository participant, which serves as a bridge between you and the depository. When you are transferring shares, you are essentially transferring your ownership of such stocks to them, and thus, you need to inform your DP and depository of the same. At present, there are only 2 depositories present in the country, namely NSDL and CDSL. You can submit this DIS both online and offline. If you have more than one siblings you wish to transfer shares to, remember to use separate DIS for each recipient's account. Once you initiate the transfer, your broker will send an email and SMS to the recipient, who will have 7 days to accept this. But remember, once you've transferred these shares, there is no provision to revoke this transfer. And just like with your clothes, accessories and everything else in life, your siblings will have full freedom and ownership to do whatever they deem fit with these shares! However, what you can certainly do, and make this gift more meaningful, is drive home the value of holding these securities for the long term, so that they are able to make the most of this investments. Ideally, a good start would be to start investing in stocks of large-cap, blue-chip companies, and them eventually complement them with small and midcap stocks, which offer higher legroom for growth. Per brokerage firm Master Capital Services Ltd, "consider choosing stocks from well-established companies with a solid track record and growth potential. It is essential to consider risk tolerance, investment horizon, and financial goals before selecting stocks for your brothers and sisters. The finest present you could give your siblings this year would be long-lasting financial stability". If you're looking for some stock recommendations you can consider for your siblings, we have you covered as well: <h4>Larsen &amp; Toubro Ltd. </h4>Why you should consider this? The company has shown consistent revenue growth and profitability in the past years while maintaining stability with its ROCE &amp; ROE of around 19% and 15%. L&amp;T has a significant global presence, with projects and operations in various international markets. This geographic diversification helps in tapping into global opportunities and reduces dependence on the domestic market. <h4>HCL Technologies Ltd. </h4>Why you should consider this? HCL Technologies is one of the IT giants of India, which is ranked amongst the top five Indian IT services companies in terms of revenues. HCL offers a wide array of IT, business services, engineering, R&amp;D services, and software products with operations in 60 countries. The company has been investing heavily in digital technologies, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and automation. This focus aligns with current industry trends and positions the company to capture growth in the high-demand areas. <h4>TATA Motors Ltd.</h4>Tata Motors Limited is a leading manufacturer of automobiles and one of the largest OEM in India offering a wide range of passenger and commercial vehicles. Tata motors owns the flagship brand of Jaguar and Land Rover (JLR) which is a dominant automobile player in the global market. Its early entry in the electric vehicle segment has positioned it well ahead of many competitors and currently, it enjoys the largest market share in the EV segment in India. The focus on innovation and sustainability, along with a robust product lineup, positions Tata Motors well for future growth and market opportunities. <h2 style="margin-bottom: 0.7em; line-height: 1.3; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 24px; background: 0px 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;">Tax Implications of gifting shares</h2>The best part about gifting shares is that it is tax-exempt, since you're giving it to your relative. This means your sibling will not be liable to pay any taxes on this gift. However, to be on the safer side, make sure that the market value of the shares that you gift them does not exceed Rs 50,000, or else your siblings, i.e. the recipient will have to incur a tax liability. If your siblings decide to sell these gifted shares, they will have to pay LTCG (long-term capital gains) tax at the rate of 12.5%, or STCG (short-term capital gains) tax at the rate of 20%, depending on how long they hold these securities for. <h2>Gifting mutual fund units? </h2>Unfortunately, you cant transfer your mutual fund units to your siblings. The transfer of mutual fund units is only possible in case the unitholder passes away. But the one thing you can certainly do is start an SIP, or systematic investment plan (SIP) in their name. With as much as Rs 5,000 per month, invested over a period of 10 years, you 'll have invested Rs 6,00,000 for you siblings, which would have earned returns worth Rs 5,61,695, taking their total corpus to Rs 11,61,695. You can even start an SIP with just Rs 500/month in their name. You can nudge them into continuing this, so that you instill the value of financial discipline and long-term investing in them. Remember, at the end of the day, the true value of your gift lies not just in its monetary worth, but in the knowledge, responsibility, and financial acumen that you will pass on to your siblings. So, this <keyword id="22639140" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Rakshabandhan" source="keywords">Rakshabandhan</keyword>, consider tying not just a rakhi, but also a knot of financial empowerment.

Move over regular gifts! Gift your sister stocks, MF units this Rakhi

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mortgage rates stayed high despite rate cuts, attracting cash-heavy investors to the housing market.</li><li>Despite values dropping in some areas, those selling are still raking in gains.</li></ul>Despite the central bank cutting interest rates, mortgage rates haven't followed suit. The average <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/mortgages/average-mortgage-interest-rate">30-year term remains near 6.21%</a>.Still, there was an uptick in buyers during the second quarter, specifically those who are <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/investing/how-to-invest-in-real-estate-make-money">investors</a>, according to the latest data available from Redfin. The share of investors who purchased property rose 3.4% from a year earlier. They were likely attracted by an opportunity to meet the growing demand of renters who face barriers to homeownership that a lack of affordability and elevated mortgage rates have brought on, read the note by Lily Katz.Home prices nationwide, including those that were <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/mortgages/how-to-buy-a-foreclosed-home">distressed sales</a>, increased by 4.3% in July from a year ago, according to CoreLogic. An investor purchased one out of every six properties sold within the second quarter and one of every four low-priced homes for a whopping $43 billion worth of real estate, Katz wrote.Investors, which the real estate data firm defines as buyers whose ownership code on a purchasing deed includes either association, corporate trustee, company, joint venture, or corporate trust, are less reliant on debt and are not as rate-sensitive as the average buyer. Most, or 69%, pay in cash or make bigger down payments. It means they can take advantage of the lack of competition.Some of the cities that have seen a rise in investor interest include San Jose, CA, Portland, OR, and Denver, CO. Meanwhile, there has been a drop in purchases in areas like Oakland, CA, and Providence, RI, where median capital gains have plunged by 20% and 37% respectively.The chart below demonstrates the change in investor purchases over the last two decades. It shows upticks following the housing bubble crash and in the years that followed the pandemic.<div type="image" title="Chart demonstrates eb and flow of real estate investor activity." height="834" width="1626" msid="114377796" hostid="261" sizebytes="34338"></div>But whether they're buying or selling, investors have been doing quite well regarding capital gains, says Elijah de la Campa, a senior economist at Redfin. This was not the case in the years leading up to the housing crisis, where property owners were losing from selling."I still see the opportunity for making money on my investments and making a considerable amount of money with 30%, 40% price increases relative to the prior year," de la Campa said. "While things might be more challenging in certain places, overall it looks like there are still lots of opportunities to make money at buying and selling homes as an investor. "He added that even the cities seeing a retreat in their capital gains from a year ago are still profitable at their sale; they're just not going for as much as they would have last June.Below is a list of the 39 major metro areas in descending order of median capital gains over the past year into June. What stands out most to de la Campa is that many areas with the highest capital gains are affordable, particularly Philadelphia and Warren, MI.<table style="minWidth: 50px"></colgroup></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>Region</td><td>Median % Capital Gain YoY (pps)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Philadelphia, PA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">37.70%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Warren, MI</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">36.80%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">San Jose, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">24.50%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Newark, NJ</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">20.80%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">San Francisco, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">15.70%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Detroit, MI</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">15.00%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Baltimore, MD</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.60%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Portland, OR</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.40%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Anaheim, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">5.60%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Chicago, IL</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.70%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Fort Lauderdale, FL</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.40%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Los Angeles, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">4.30%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Seattle, WA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.70%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Phoenix, AZ</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.30%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Columbus, OH</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-0.40%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Milwaukee, WI</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-1.50%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Las Vegas, NV</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-2.20%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">New Brunswick, NJ</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-3.10%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Tampa, FL</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-4.00%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cleveland, OH</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-5.50%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cincinnati, OH</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-6.10%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Minneapolis, MN</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-6.60%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Miami, FL</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-7.70%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Orlando, FL</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-8.60%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">San Diego, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-9.70%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Sacramento, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-11.50%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">West Palm Beach, FL</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-11.50%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Atlanta, GA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-14.80%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Washington, DC</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-15.00%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Denver, CO</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-15.30%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Charlotte, NC</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-16.00%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Nashville, TN</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-17.90%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Riverside, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-18.20%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Jacksonville, FL</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-18.70%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Oakland, CA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-20.10%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Montgomery County, PA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-26.60%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Virginia Beach, VA</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-28.40%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">New York, NY</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-29.10%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Providence, RI</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">-37.30%</td></tr></tbody></table>

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