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Observations made by a small spacecraft called <keyword id="6720497" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="halosat">HaloSat</keyword> have shown that the <keyword id="67503" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="milky-way">Milky Way</keyword> galaxy is surrounded by a clumpy halo of hot gases that is continually being supplied with material ejected by birthing or <keyword id="10138629" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="DYING-STARS">dying stars</keyword>. A halo is a large region filled with hot gas that surrounds a galaxy, also known as a "circumgalactic medium." The heated gaseous halo around the Milky Way was the incubator for the Milky Way's formation some 13 billion years ago and could help solve a longstanding puzzle about where the missing matter of the universe might reside. In the new NASA-funded study published in the journal Nature Astronomy, the researchers concluded the circumgalactic medium has a disk-like geometry, based on the intensity of X-ray emissions coming from it. "The X-ray emissions are stronger above the parts of the Milky Way where star formation is more vigorous," said Philip Kaaret, Professor at the University of Iowa and corresponding author on the study. "That suggests the circumgalactic medium is related to star formation, and it is likely we are seeing gas that previously fell into the Milky Way, made stars, and now is being recycled into the circumgalactic medium." Every galaxy has a circumgalactic medium, and these regions are crucial to understanding not only how galaxies formed and evolved but also how the universe progressed from a kernel of helium and hydrogen to a cosmological expanse teeming with stars, planets, comets, and all other sorts of celestial constituents. HaloSat searches for baryonic matter -- that is, the same kind of particles that compose the visible world -- believed to be missing since the universe's birth. The satellite has been observing the Milky Way's circumgalactic medium for evidence that the missing baryonic matter may reside there. Baryonic matter is distinct from dark matter, which is invisible and does not interact through any force except gravity. Scientists can only account for about two-thirds of the baryonic matter that should be present in the universe. To look for the missing matter, Kaaret and his team wanted to get a better handle on the circumgalactic medium's configuration. More specifically, the researchers wanted to find out how big the circumgalactic medium really is. If it is a huge, extended halo that is many times the size of our galaxy, it could house enough material to solve the missing baryonic question. But if the circumgalactic medium is mostly comprised of recycled material, it would be a relatively thin, puffy layer of gas and an unlikely host of the missing baryonic matter. "What we've done is definitely show that there's a high-density part of the circumgalactic medium that's bright in X-rays," Kaaret says. "But there still could be a really big, extended halo that is just dim in X-rays. And it might be harder to see that dim, extended halo because there's this bright emission disk in the way. "So it turns out with HaloSat alone, we really can't say whether or not there really is this extended halo around the Milky Way," Kaaret said. HaloSat is a NASA CubeSat mission led by the University of Iowa. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nokia-is-set-to-build-the-first-4g-network-on-the-moon-for-nasa-it-will-eventually-be-upgraded-to-5g/articleshow/78763251.cms">Nokia is set to build the first 4G network on the Moon for NASA — it will eventually be upgraded to 5G</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-moon-photobombed-nasas-view-of-the-sun/articleshow/78762020.cms">The Moon photobombs NASA's view of the Sun</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/wipro-wins-five-year-contract-with-europes-third-largest-producer-of-clean-electricity/articleshow/78761079.cms">Wipro wins five-year contract with Europe’s third-largest producer of clean electricity</a>

The Milky Way is recycling its gases to form a clumpy halo

<ul><li>The brains behind two of the leading luxury brands in India — <keyword id="8264" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sabyasachi">Sabyasachi</keyword> Mukherji and <keyword id="616604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Prithvi-Raj-Singh-Oberoi">Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi</keyword> — believe that one needs to be a perfectionist to succeed.</li><li>From being particular about how eggs are served to slashing up garments so that they never reach the edit table, Mukherjee and Oberoi share some of their quirks at the BI Global Trends Festival 2020. </li><li>Sabyasachi even kept his flagship store, located at the heart of Mumbai, shut for 25 days because he couldn’t find the right incense. </li></ul>Luxury brands in India are few and far between. However, the secret sauce to success seems to be quirky perfectionism for the few that lead in the limelight. At the Global Trends Festival 2020, co-founder of Juggernaut Books’ Chiki Sarkar spoke with the brains behind two of India’s leading luxury brands — <keyword id="7202" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sabyasachi-Mukherjee">Sabyasachi Mukherjee</keyword> from the world of fashion and the executive chairman of the Oberoi Group, Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi — to find out what makes them tick. <div type="twitter" handle="BiIndia" handlename="Business Insider India🇮🇳" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1232926719016718336/sfffJHNV_normal.jpg" favoritecount="1" retweetcount="2" status="#WATCH | @sabya_mukherjee on what it takes to be a perfectionist.@awscloud presents the Business Insider Global T… https://t.co/wPsTbiiQwA" createdat="1603198510000" id="1318536235170684929"></div> Oberoi is obsessed with the way eggs are served at his hotels Prithvi Raj Singh Oberoi travelled the world for nearly a decade before taking over the legacy of Oberoi chain of hotels in India. And he is known for redefining luxury in the hospitality industry. One of the reasons behind this success is him being a perfectionist — this includes being hands-on with even the tiniest of details, like the way eggs are served to the guests at his hotels. “I consider myself to be a very fussy guest. If I don’t get the best, that means people who are our guests aren’t getting the best,” he explained. The story goes that when Oberoi is visiting his hotels, he orders eggs off the menu to check the colour of the yolk. It can't be just any shade of yellow. It has to be a particular shade of deep yellow, which he likes to call 'sunrise yellow'. If it's not, he is likely to reject the entire batch. “No, it’s true. I always tell our people that the devil is in the details,” Oberoi told Sarkar when asked whether the ‘egg story’ was just an urban legend. <div type="twitter" handle="BiIndia" handlename="Business Insider India🇮🇳" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1232926719016718336/sfffJHNV_normal.jpg" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" status="#BIGTF2020 | &quot;The word luxury has been misused by many&quot;: Prithviraj Singh Oberoi, @OberoiHotels.He is now LIVE at… https://t.co/H7o6IIqknD" createdat="1603197858000" id="1318533501658963970"></div> Sabyasachi is the ‘real’ devil of the fashion industry One would consider watching the Devil Wears Prada with your staff a pretty chill move for any boss. And, when Sabyasachi did the same with his assistants — they giggled throughout the screening. Not at the whimsical clumsiness of Anne Hathaway as Meryl Streep dominates the office, but because the ‘real’ devil was sitting next to them. “I keep telling all my staff that my job is not to give them medals for things that they’ve done right, but to point out where they’ve done things wrong,” Mukherjee explained. “When you’re in a competitive business… All the good things that you do are taken for granted and all the things you have not been able to do, people remember.” Sabyasachi kept his store closed for 25 days because he couldn’t find the right incense Opening a store in Mumbai isn’t cheap, especially in the heart of the city’s art district — Kala Godha. Yet, Sabyasachi kept his flagship store close for 25 days because he couldn’t find the right incense. “It’s not just an incense, it’s a memory,” said Mukherjee. He explains that customers still come back to the store and when they smell it, they say, “This is the Sabyasachi that we remember.” Sabyasachi cuts up garments so that can’t get to the edit table In the strive for perfection, Sabyasachi sits with a pair of scissors ahead of any collection launch. Not for last-minute edits, but to cut up any garment that isn’t fit to reach the edit table. “If I don’t see value in what I’m creating, it never makes it to the shelves,” said Mukherjee. According to him, luxury brands don’t have customers — they have fans, which is why you have to give them value. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/amazon-ai-executive-explains-three-things-every-business-needs-to-address-before-using-machine-learning/articleshow/78769249.cms">EXCLUSIVE: Amazon AI executive explains three things every business needs to address before using machine learning</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nokia-is-set-to-build-the-first-4g-network-on-the-moon-for-nasa-it-will-eventually-be-upgraded-to-5g/articleshow/78763251.cms">Nokia is set to build the first 4G network on the Moon for NASA — it will eventually be upgraded to 5G</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-moon-photobombed-nasas-view-of-the-sun/articleshow/78762020.cms">The Moon photobombs NASA's view of the Sun</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/wipro-wins-five-year-contract-with-europes-third-largest-producer-of-clean-electricity/articleshow/78761079.cms">Wipro wins five-year contract with Europe’s third-largest producer of clean electricity</a>

Luxury icons Sabyasachi and Oberoi open up about their 'perfectionist quirks' like checking the colour of egg yolks and slashing clothes so they can’t hit the edit table

<ul><li>Data readiness, business impact and <keyword id="294572" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="machine-learning">machine learning</keyword> (ML) strategy are three parameters that every business needs to address before using ML for their needs. </li><li>Data readiness not only includes gathering the right amount of data, but also making sure the non-important bits are filtered out and that customer information is protected.</li><li>Businesses also need to find the right business problem to address — many tend to either undershoot or overshoot. </li></ul>Every business is looking to grab on to the machine learning (ML) bandwagon to either further their own business or narrow the gap against their competition. But before jumping in head first, Vikram Anbazhagan — the Director of Product for <keyword id="10140015" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="language-ai-at-aws">Language AI at AWS</keyword> — believes that there are three critical questions that businesses should ask themselves. The first of which is data readiness. This includes having sufficient data that’s been cleaner up for ML use. The second is the anticipated business impact — what problem needs to be solved to either boost business efficiency or improve customer experience. <div type="image" title="why ai deloitte" msid="78769752" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;63% of executives surveyed by Deloitte said their AI initiatives were needed to catch up with their rivals or, at best, to open a narrow lead &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> “Many customers know they want to use ML but they’re asking how do I pick the first problem that I need to focus on in order to have a successful ML strategy,” Anbazhagan said at the BI Global Trends Festival 2020. But, the actual <keyword id="10140011" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="machine-learning-strategy">machine learning strategy</keyword> comes in at the end. The third and final piece of the puzzle addressing how data that a business has curated will match with the impact it has chosen to address. <div type="image" title="Copy of why ai deloitte" msid="78769907" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Global spending on AI forecast to grow four fold by 2024&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> At the end of the day, ML is nothing more than gathering a lot of historical data, learning from it and then using those lessons to predict what may happen in the future. And, that’s why getting the data part of it right is very critical since it forms the foundation of every use case. Data readiness Data is the backbone of all ML applications. Without data, an ML model has nothing to do. “Our customers tell us that more than 50% of their time while building an ML model is spent on getting the data, clearing it and getting it ready for the ML model,” said Anbazhagan. If the basics aren’t in place, the talent hired to build the ML model will spend the majority of their time just filtering through data rather than building use cases. <div type="twitter" handle="BiIndia" handlename="Business Insider India🇮🇳" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1232926719016718336/sfffJHNV_normal.jpg" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="1" status="#BIGTF2020 | Vikram Anbazhagan on what is most important in #MachineLearning and its potential in the next few year… https://t.co/Z7Wru27gIG" createdat="1603195353000" id="1318522996462514176"></div> In addition to looking at the data that companies already have on hand, they should also plan for the future — start collecting data that may be required a year from now. ‘Data hugging’ isn’t good in the long run The intrinsic value of data is no secret. Whether it is governments fighting over the data of its citizens or teams within a company. “We often notice what we call ‘data hugging.’ There are multiple teams in every company working on different projects, and they get really attached to their data — and they don’t want to share their data with other groups,” explained Anbazhagan. This kind of ‘data hugging’ can work in the short run allowing individual teams to roll out their little ML models, but in the long run, companies need to have an expansive view of all the data across their organisation. However, while sharing is caring, it’s also essential to have good access control policies and data governance to ensure that any customer data doesn’t fall into the wrong hands. This includes segregating personal data from sensitive data from public data. Any personal details about customers — like address, credit card numbers, contact details, among others — need to be redacted. Picking a business problem to solve and using ML This is the tricky part. According to Anbazhagan, some companies tend to either overshoot or undershoot. Ideally, the chosen business problem should have a huge impact, but it should also be something that the ML model can solve within six to 10 months. “Some companies over-index on the business impact and pick some really complicated problem for which there may not be a lot of data,” he explained. In other cases, companies may have a lot of data, and the ML model also works well — but the chosen problem isn’t big enough. In such cases, Anbazhagan recommends using the models as proof-of-concept (POCs). This will allow employees to build up their skills and focus on more critical and high impact problems. Data readiness, business impact, and ML applicability are the three parameters that need to line up for a business to have a successful and robust ML strategy at the helm. Addressing the <keyword id="10140010" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ML-skill-gap">ML skill gap</keyword> Despite the growing demand for engineers and data scientists that specialise in ML, there is still a shortage in the market. According to the World Economic Forum (<a href="http://reports.weforum.org/future-of-jobs-2018/">WEF</a>), AI has the potential to create 58 million new jobs by 2022. However, according to <a href="https://www.tisi.org/Public/Uploads/file/20171201/20171201151555_24517.pdf">Tencent Research</a>, there are only around 300,000 AI engineers around the world. This makes recruiting talent for ML applications difficult and expensive. Anbazhagan believes companies would be better served by developing internal talent instead and creating a community around reskilling as ML continues to grow. ML is an inevitable part of the future. It automates most manual tasks that are time-consuming and repetitive in nature — doing them faster and more efficiently. However, it's not something that can be put in place overnight. Putting some thought and direction into a business’ ML strategy can make all the difference between being a leader or a laggard in the industry. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nokia-is-set-to-build-the-first-4g-network-on-the-moon-for-nasa-it-will-eventually-be-upgraded-to-5g/articleshow/78763251.cms">Nokia is set to build the first 4G network on the Moon for NASA — it will eventually be upgraded to 5G</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-moon-photobombed-nasas-view-of-the-sun/articleshow/78762020.cms">The Moon photobombs NASA's view of the Sun</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/wipro-wins-five-year-contract-with-europes-third-largest-producer-of-clean-electricity/articleshow/78761079.cms">Wipro wins five-year contract with Europe’s third-largest producer of clean electricity</a>

EXCLUSIVE: Amazon AI executive explains three things every business needs to address before using machine learning

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The Milky Way is recycling its gases to form a clumpy halo

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Luxury icons Sabyasachi and Oberoi open up about their 'perfectionist quirks' like checking the colour of egg yolks and slashing clothes so they can’t hit the edit table

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EXCLUSIVE: Amazon AI executive explains three things every business needs to address before using machine learning

Prabhjote Gill

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