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<ul><li>Scientists at MIT have found that the ocean is partly responsible for the intensity of the <keyword id="165343" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Monsoon">Indian monsoon</keyword>. </li><li>The ocean heat transporting mechanism may be a new knob in controlling the seasonal South Asian monsoon, as well as other monsoon systems around the world. </li><li>Understanding the role of the ocean is a step towards understanding how the Indian monsoon is one the most intense climate events in the world. </li></ul>If not for the <keyword id="52569" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="himalayas">Himalayas</keyword>, India would have been a cold desert. This great mountain range has also been taking blame for the notoriously unpredictable Indian monsoons. Not anymore. Scientists at the <a href="http://news.mit.edu/2019/ocean-activity-control-summer-monsoons-0507">Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)</a> seem to have found that oceans have a role to play in deciding the fate of its unpredictable rains. The <keyword id="12350" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Ocean">Indian ocean</keyword> and the mountains working in tandem might be the reason why the Indian monsoon is one of the most intense annual climate events in the world, according to the co-authors of the study, John Marshall and Nicholas Lutsko. 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="What we find is, the ocean’s response plays a huge role in modulating the intensity of the monsoon." auname="John Marshall, the Cecil and Ida Green Professor of Oceanography at MIT"></div>

 Hotter with the wind The very same summer heat that warms up the Indian subcontinent also sends warm winds to sweep across the Indian ocean — up and over South Asia. As the winds head North, the water beneath pushes south. These waters, which flow south, transport heat, thereby cooling the ocean. This process creates a bigger difference between the temperature of land and the temperature of the ocean. 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="We initially had a picture that we couldn’t make a monsoon without the Himalayas, which was the established wisdom. But in our model, we had no such barrier, and we were still able to generate a monsoon, and we were excited about that." auname="Nicholas Lutsko, postdoc at MIT’s Department of Earth"></div>

 The team of researchers was able to create a model of the Indian monsoon leaving the Himalayas out of the picture altogether — that too on a hunch. John Marshall and Nicholas Lutsko, co-authors of the study, initially suspected that adding oceans to a monsoon model would decrease its intensity but found the opposite to be true. 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="One reason the South Asian monsoon is so strong is there’s this big barrier to the north keeping the land warm, and there’s an ocean to the south that’s cooling, so it’s perfectly situated to be really strong." auname="Nicholas Lutsko, postdoc at MIT’s Department of Earth"></div>

 Looking forward Lutsko and Marshall plan on using their research to explain why the monsoon system didn’t work when the northern hemisphere of the world used to be much colder. Their research could also be the key the making more accurate predictions about the monsoon rains as the influence of one more variable has been accounted for. The ocean heat transporting mechanism may be a new knob in controlling the seasonal South Asian monsoon, as well as other monsoon systems around the world.

The mystery of India’s erratic monsoon can be found in the Indian ocean

Farmers in India are hopeful for good rains this year, given that the last two monsoons weren’t effective, leading to poor crops and droughts in various parts of the country. However, there is another industry, the Indian automakers, which is looking forward to heavy monsoons this year, so that demand of the new models continues to rise. These new models have attracted people despite the fact that the future of diesel-powered vehicles in the Indian domestic market is uncertain. 
 
Good rains would mean that sales would pick up further momentum as buyer sentiments would bloom in the coming months. 
 
India’s biggest auto maker Maruti Suzuki reported that it has seen a 10.6% rise in its domestic sales in the past month, because of high demand for recently launched Baleno and Vitara Brezza. However, the demand for older and smaller cars, like Alto and WagonR, has seen a dip. 
 
On the other hand, Hyundai also saw rise in the demand of Grand i10, Elite i20 and Creta, reporting an increase of 10.4% over the year earlier period. 
 
Mahindra &amp; Mahindra, the makers of top utility vehicles, have seen a rise in sales because of TUV300 and KUV100, posting over 8% rise in its sales. 
 
However, one condition on which the monsoon sales depend is the regulatory intervention, which needs to settle at the earliest so that the auto industry can get a stable environment to work in. Since December, the auto industry has been facing a ban on the registration of diesel vehicles with engines displacing 2000 cc and higher in the National Capital Region. 
 While the automakers wait for this ban to be lifted, the <keyword id="146133" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="National-Green-Tribunal">National Green Tribunal</keyword> is considering that 11 more cities should have a similar ban, which will be decided in a hearing scheduled for July. 
 
<a href="http://www.motoroids.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Maruti-Suzuki-Manesar-Plant.jpg">Image source</a>

Not only farmers, even the Indian automobile industry is waiting for heavy rains this year. Know why

Brace yourself for an extended summer season and scanty rainfall along with rise in prices of food items this year as the Australian Meteorological Department predicted on Tuesday that the tropical Pacific was in early stages of the El Nino weather phenomenon. 
 The bureau’s current observations state that India's south-west monsoon will be deficient and it has already been predicted by the <keyword id="6355166" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="India-Meteorological-Department">India Meteorological Department</keyword> in April, as per an Economic Times report. 
 
El Nino refers to the warming of Pacific waters and is seen as having a wide-ranging impact on global weather. 
 This comes as bad news for India as the <keyword id="390879" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="monsoon-season">monsoon season</keyword>, which runs from June to September in the country, is the main source of water for the agriculture sector. This will affect the <keyword id="2848024" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Agriculture-based-industries">agriculture-based industries</keyword> and the food industry. 
 
In the wake of poor rainfall last year and unseasonal rains and snowfall in recent months, India's revival plans and economic growth will also be hampered. 
 
According to the Australian weather office, the El Nino Southern Oscillation ( ENSO) indicators have shown a steady trend toward El Nino levels since the start of the year. The temperatures of sea surface in the tropical Pacific Ocean have also exceeded El Nino thresholds recently. 
 
Moreover, such changes are also supported by warmer-than-average waters below the surface which will worsen the weather condition. 
 
Trade winds have remained consistently weaker than average since the start of the year. "These indicators suggest the tropical Pacific Ocean and atmosphere have started to couple and reinforce each other, indicating El Nino is likely to persist in the coming months," the Australian weather office said. 
 
International climate models surveyed by the bureau indicate that tropical Pacific Ocean temperatures are likely to remain above El Nino thresholds through the coming winter and at least into spring. 
 
(Image:Reuters)

El Nino brings bad news for India. Here’s how

Everyone loves to enjoy rain sitting on the balcony and sipping piping hot tea. But what most of us often forget is to check if our house is monsoon ready? It’s not too late yet as we bring you a list of 10 must-dos to keep your home dry and damp-free. 
 
Image Courtesy: <a href="http://dazzlingwallpaper.com">Dazzling Wallpaper</a>

10 Steps To Make Your Home Monsoon Ready

Nepal <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-magnitude-71-quake-strikes-in-nepal-usgs-2015-5">was shaken by a 7.4-magnitude earthquake on Tuesday</a>,&#xa0;just two weeks after an even larger quake hit the country, killing more than 8,000 people and destroying hundreds of thousands of homes.&#xa0;
Now, aid workers warn that time is running out to rebuild what was destroyed as&#xa0;Nepalese victims are in desperate need of shelter.&#xa0;
Initial relief efforts have been marred by the closure of Nepal's main runway, relief worker Rosie Rowland told Business Insider.&#xa0;
Rowland, from Britain, was travelling through the Asian country when the first earthquake hit on April 25.&#xa0;She decided to to join the relief effort and has been working on the ground with&#xa0;<a href="http://secretgardendisasterrelief.org/">Secret Garden Disaster Relief</a>,&#xa0;a small aid group set up by the hostel she was staying in the time.
Many of the largest aid organisations are starting to pull out of the country, Rowland says, while there's a race against time to provide support to hundreds of thousands of displaced people before monsoon season hits in June.
The Nepalese are relatively well supplied for food, Rowland says. The biggest challenge is providing shelter and accommodation for the people who have lost everything. Rowland says in one village she visited prior to the second quake, "95% of the houses were completely unlivable."&#xa0;
"The devastation is unreal," she says.&#xa0;
Once monsoon season hits, if the hundreds of thousands of displaced citizens do not have adequate shelter, the mortality rate will likely skyrocket. With the rains will come contaminated drinking sources, water-borne diseases, poor sanitation, and intolerable living conditions.
Thunderstorms are already arriving ahead of full-blown monsoon season, Rowland says. In these conditions, it can be difficult to even secure the trucks required to deliver aid to Nepal's remote mountainous regions, due to the risk of landslides. The second quake has raised local fears that this might not be the end.
<a href="http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50817#.VVITNtNVhBc">A press release from the United Nations echoes Rowland's concerns</a>. "We have a short window to reach people in need," warns UN relief official Jamie McGoldrick. "With the monsoon season just around the corner, our imperative is to provide communities with roofs over their heads and meet their basic needs."
Red tape has also slowed the relief effort according to UN humanitarian chief Valerie Amos. "I was extremely concerned to hear reports that customs was taking such a long time," <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/afp-red-tape-delays-nepal-quake-disaster-aid-2015-5">Amos told the AFP last week</a>.&#xa0;

Aid worker: Time is running out to help Nepal earthquake victims before monsoon season hits

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Hurricane Milton is probably not the last hurricane we'll see this season, experts told BI.</li><li>NOAA predicted up to 13 hurricanes before the season's end. We've had nine so far.</li></ul>After an unseasonably quiet August, the Atlantic hurricane season is ramping up. Hurricane Milton, now a Category 4, is forecast to land over Florida Wednesday night as the state is still cleaning up the damage <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-helene-milton-tampa-florida-desantis-clean-disaster-dangerous-2024-10">from Hurricane Helene</a>, which hit less than two weeks prior.These <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-milton-category-five-threatens-florida-fema-funding-2024-10">back-to-back storms</a> aren't the end of what we may see this year, experts told Business Insider."I wouldn't be surprised if we see a few other storms forming before the season ends," <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://x.com/knubez">Kelly Núñez Ocasio</a>, assistant professor with Texas A&amp;M University's Department of Atmospheric Sciences, said.<h2 id="c2710d4b-cbdc-4635-a9f3-a23a12954f6a">What's going on with this year's hurricane season</h2><div type="image" title="graphic of NOAA's 2024 atlantic hurricane season outlook" height="2373" width="3840" msid="114096563" hostid="261" sizebytes="328050"></div>October's sudden uptick in storms isn't a surprise to scientists. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted a high chance of a more active season this year than normal in May and reiterated its prediction in August after the season kicked off to a violent start with Hurricanes Beryl, Debby, and Ernesto.Then hurricane season went quiet. There were no named storms between August 13 and September 3 — typically around when hurricane season is reaching its peak. As Hurricanes Helene and Milton suggest, it was the calm before the storm.Weather patterns — like Africa's monsoon season and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-el-nino-la-nina-weather-hurricanes-storms-2017-10">La Niña</a> — that typically fuel hurricanes during peak season, were behaving unexpectedly over the summer, which likely contributed to the unseasonable lull. Those patterns have since shifted, which could bring more storms in the coming weeks.Over the summer, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-causes-hurricanes-irma-harvey-jose-sahara-africa-easterly-atlantic-2017-9">Africa's monsoon season</a>, which feeds the Atlantic with moisture and waves for forming storms, made an unusual move and migrated north to drier conditions where storms are less likely to form, according to a September <a target="_blank" href="https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/2024_0903_seasondiscussion.pdf">report</a> from Colorado State University's Department of Atmospheric Science.La Niña, the periodic cooling of ocean temperatures in the tropical Pacific, typically reduces vertical wind shear in the tropics, which <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.weather.gov/jan/el_nino_and_la_nina">can help</a> Atlantic storms form and grow. This year, La Niña was forecast to begin in August but it's only just now showing signs of ramping up."We're kind of sliding into La Niña now," Matthew Rosencrans, the lead hurricane season forecaster with the NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, told BI. The West African monsoon has also settled back toward its typical position, he added. Both are signs that hurricane season is not over and more storms could be on the horizon.<h2 id="8d706f10-6a4f-4170-a002-98ad0a58af88">More storms to come</h2><div type="image" title="picture of coastal houses surrounded by debris from other houses that were demolished around them by hurricane helene" height="1334" width="2000" msid="114096564" hostid="261" sizebytes="707320"></div>At the start of the Atlantic hurricane season in June, NOAA predicted up to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-predicts-above-normal-2024-atlantic-hurricane-season">13 hurricanes</a> by the season's end. So far, there have been nine.Conditions, especially in the Gulf of Mexico, have been ripe for storms over the last few weeks. Rosencrans expects those conditions to shift south toward the Caribbean in the coming days, as a result of La Niña ramping up.That could also shift storm formation slightly more south, according to NOAA's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/ghaz/gth_full.png">Global Tropics Hazards Outlook</a> for the rest of October.The Gulf is still in a unique place this year for storms. Every square inch of the Gulf of Mexico has abnormally warm surface temperatures, high enough to support tropical storm development, Rosencrans said.This can also help storms rapidly intensify like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-milton-timeline-see-storm-evolution-from-space-satellite-imagery-2024-10">Hurricane Milton</a>. "Those warm waters act as fuel for the hurricanes, and the warmer the water, the faster these storms can intensify," Stephanie Zick, an associate professor for Virginia Tech's Department of Geology, told BI in an email.It's not just storms over the Gulf and Caribbean regions, though.Núñez Ocasio expects to see more storms form over the Atlantic in the coming weeks, since Africa's monsoons are still active and have shifted into a better position to spin up storms.<h2 id="63956a9a-1352-447b-9e25-abc2367f6255">Hurricane season may be shifting</h2><div type="image" title="St Petersberg Florida Hurricane" height="3774" width="6000" msid="114096566" hostid="261" sizebytes="688604"></div>This year's unusual hurricane season may be a sign of things to come.In a <a target="_blank" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023MS004070">study</a> published in June, Núñez Ocasio and colleagues simulated how increasing levels of moisture in the atmosphere — a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-climate-crisis-could-feel-like-in-your-city-2024-9">consequence of climate change</a> — may affect Africa's climate and Atlantic hurricanes in the coming years.Typically, more moisture can lead to more storms, but the study found a tipping point where too much moisture can cause an abnormally wet and active African monsoon. That shifts the energy north away from the zone where it would normally spark a tropical storm — similar to what happened this year."What the study shows is that there's a delay," in hurricane formation, Núñez Ocasio said, adding that, "we may start to see a shift in the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season."Rosencrans said that there's a large window for peak hurricane season, and the peak varies each year. This year's peak appears to be a couple of weeks later than average, but he's yet to see a trend that would confirm a concrete shift."What we have to do is prepare, because in the end, what we do is to save life and property," Núñez Ocasio said of herself and the hurricane research community.

Hurricane Milton isn't the end of our destructive storm season. There's likely more to come.

Above-normal rainfall is expected during the 2024 southwest <keyword id="6358301" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="monsoon" source="Orion">monsoon</keyword> season over most parts of <keyword id="19897710" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="south-Asia" source="keywords">south Asia</keyword>, the South Asian <keyword id="21481676" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-outlook" source="keywords">Climate Outlook</keyword> Forum said on Tuesday. The forecast follows the prediction of above-normal rain in the monsoon season in <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword> on the back of favourable <keyword id="20146476" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="La-Nina" source="keywords">La Nina</keyword> conditions, expected to set in by August-September. "Above normal rainfall is most likely during the 2024 southwest monsoon season (June-September) over most parts of south Asia, except some areas over northern, eastern, and northeastern parts of the region, where below-normal rainfall is most likely," the South Asian Climate Outlook Forum (SASCOF) said. Above-normal maximum and minimum temperatures are predicted over most parts of south Asia during the season, except a few areas over the southeastern part of the region where normal temperatures are most likely. This regional climate outlook for the 2024 southwest monsoon season has been developed by all nine National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) of south Asia with support from international experts at the 28th session of SASCOF-28, conducted online. SASCOF said moderate <keyword id="19949878" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="El-Nino" source="keywords">El Nino</keyword> conditions are prevailing at present. ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) neutral conditions are expected in the first half of the monsoon season. Thereafter, La Nina conditions may set in by the second half. El Nino conditions -- periodic warming of surface waters in the central Pacific Ocean -- are associated with weaker monsoon winds and drier conditions in India. La Nina conditions -- the antithesis of El Nino -- are the dominant factor in the likelihood of "above-normal" rainfall during the monsoon season, DS Pai, a senior scientist at the India Meteorological Department (IMD), told PTI. Positive Indian Ocean Dipole conditions, favourable for the Indian monsoon, are predicted in the later part of the season. Additionally, the snow cover in the northern hemisphere is low. The northern hemisphere winter and spring snow cover extent generally have an inverse relationship with the subsequent southwest <keyword id="20575709" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="monsoon-rainfall" source="keywords">monsoon rainfall</keyword> over south Asia. Earlier this month, the IMD said the seasonal rainfall in India will be on the higher side of 'above-normal' and pegged it at 106 per cent of the long-period average (87 cm). SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-compact-suv-launched-in-india-starting-at-7-49-lakh/slidelist/109715525.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/mahindra-xuv-3xo-compact-suv-launched-in-india-starting-at-7-49-lakh/slidelist/109715525.cms" target="_blank">Mahindra XUV 3XO compact SUV launched in India starting at ₹7.49 lakh</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/upcoming-cars-and-two-wheelers-launching-in-india-in-may-2024/slidelist/109723620.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/upcoming-cars-and-two-wheelers-launching-in-india-in-may-2024/slidelist/109723620.cms" target="_blank">Upcoming cars and two-wheelers launching in India in May 2024</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/webstories/upcoming-smartphones-launching-in-india-in-may-2024/slidelist/109682003.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/webstories/upcoming-smartphones-launching-in-india-in-may-2024/slidelist/109682003.cms" target="_blank">Upcoming smartphones launching in India in May 2024</a>

You Searched For "monsoon season" and got 7 results

The mystery of India’s erratic monsoon can be found in the Indian ocean

Prabhjote Gill

Not only farmers, even the Indian automobile industry is waiting for heavy rains this year. Know why

BI India Bureau

El Nino brings bad news for India. Here’s how

BI India Bureau

10 Steps To Make Your Home Monsoon Ready

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Aid worker: Time is running out to help Nepal earthquake victims before monsoon season hits

Rob Price

Hurricane Milton isn't the end of our destructive storm season. There's likely more to come.

Jessica Orwig

Above-normal monsoon rainfall predicted in south Asia

PTI

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