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At minus 6.6 degrees Celsius on Saturday, Srinagar recorded the coldest night of the season so far, while the temperature in Ladakh's <keyword id="6522554" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="drass-town">Drass town</keyword> to minus 29. "Srinagar recorded minus 6.6 as the <keyword id="10459092" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="minimum-temperature-today">minimum temperature today</keyword> which is the coldest recorded so far this season. This record was surpassed during the last 10 years on December 25, 2018 when the minimum had dropped to minus 7.7 in Srinagar," an official of the MET Department said. "Drass town recorded minus 29 as the minimum temperature which is the lowest recorded today in Jammu and <keyword id="6354495" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="kashmir">Kashmir</keyword> and Ladakh," the official added. <keyword id="108228" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gulmarg">Gulmarg</keyword> recorded minus 9.2 and Pahalgam minus 9.5 as the night's lowest temperatures. Leh town recorded minus 18.3 and Kargil minus 21.1 as the minimum temperatures. Jammu city recorded 3.3, Katra 4.9, Batote 2.5, Bannihal 3.2 and Bhaderwah minus 3.0 as the minimum temperatures. Water taps in Srinagar city and other towns of <keyword id="10425442" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-kashmir-division">the Kashmir Division</keyword> were frozen on Saturday morning and locals were seen lighting small fires around to de-freeze them. Slippery road conditions prevented most locals from venturing out in the morning as the biting chill lashed <keyword id="9364901" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-kashmir-valley">the Kashmir Valley</keyword>. The 40-day-long period of harsh winter cold known locally as the 'Chillai Kalan' will begin on December 21 and end on January 31.

Srinagar records season’s coldest night at minus 6.6 degrees Celsius

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/in-n-out-family-dynasty-lynsi-snyder-harry-esther-over-75-years">In-N-Out</a> opens its first restaurant in Idaho on Tuesday. </li><li>The chain said the starting wage for employees is $17.50 an hour.</li></ul>Crowds in winter coats camped out on lawn chairs early Tuesday morning to be among the first customers to dine at In-N-Out's first restaurant in Idaho.Once in the door, they'll be served by some of the highest-paid fast food workers in the state. The starting wage for the 80 employees at the Meridian, Idaho, location is $17.50 per hour, the Southern California burger chain said.That's $10 more than the state's current minimum wage of $7.25 an hour. The average wage for fast food workers in the state is $11.25 an hour, according <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://lmi.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Wage_Survey_Report_2023.pdf">to a 2023 Idaho wage survey.</a><a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/in-n-out-burger-where-fast-food-management-can-earn-180-000-a-year-2023-8">In-N-Out is known for paying its workers well above industry standards. </a>The average manager makes $180,000 a year. To become an In-N-Out manager, you must work up from the bottom and learn every role necessary to run a restaurant, chain owner <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-in-n-out-lynsi-snyder-life-is-like-2018-12#the-reason-we-want-to-do-what-we-do-best-and-thats-serve-some-good-burgers-to-our-customers-she-told-cbs-this-morning-its-not-about-us-here-its-about-this-she-said-pointing-to-the-restaurant-behind-her-55">Lynsi Snyder </a>wrote in her new <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/in-n-out-burger-owner-lynsi-snyder-book-restaurant-history-2023-8">book</a>.That's the case in Idaho. The chain said that manager Valene Henriquez is a 23-year brand veteran.If history repeats itself, Henriquez will oversee huge crowds at the new Idaho location. Every time In-N-Out enters a new state, a frenzy of cars lines up for miles to get their hands on the chain's most famous burgers – Animal-Style burger or the Double-Double.With temperatures in the 30s, some fans set bonfires to keep warm. <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://boisedev.com/news/2023/12/11/in-n-out-meridian-open/">Local transportation authorities were called in</a> to help with the crush of traffic expected for the opening.In-N-Out Burger, founded by the Snyder family in 1948, is one of the most beloved burger brands in the US. It's known worldwide for its cheap, freshly made burgers. However, its availability in the US is limited.Until today, In-N-Out only served burgers in about 400 restaurants in seven states.Idaho represents the chain's entry into an eighth state. The company's ninth state is expected to be <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/in-n-out-expands-to-tennessee-heres-why-itll-take-3-years-to-open-2023-1">Tennessee</a>."Everyone in Idaho is waiting for In-N-Out to come," one fan told <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://boisedev.com/news/2023/12/11/in-n-out-meridian-open/">KTVB news</a> Tuesday morning before the doors opened.He said he loves In-N-Out's cheap burgers and shakes – a welcome value amid <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fast-food-isnt-cheap-anymore-2023-11">rising fast-food prices.</a>"I've always been a big fan," he said. "The food quality is so good. You can not beat In-N-Out's prices. Tell me anywhere you can get a milkshake and burger for under $10. You can't beat that at any other fast-food restaurant right now."Fast food costs have soared over the last two years, with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mcdonalds-price-loses-lower-income-customers-inflation-pressure-2023-10">McDonald's </a>raising menu prices by roughly 10% each year since 2022. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chipotle-mexican-grill-prices-are-rising-menu-increase-2023-10#:~:text=The%20increase%20meant%20some%20customers,raised%20its%20prices%20by%204%25.">Chipotle</a> has raised prices five times since June 2021.A <a target="_blank" class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mcdonalds-price-loses-lower-income-customers-inflation-pressure-2023-10">McDonald's </a>Big Mac in Southern California costs $5.49, while In-N-Out's Double-Double costs $5.15.According to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.idahostatejournal.com/news/local/there-will-soon-be-three-in-n-out-burger-locations-in-idaho/article_58720f3a-98b8-11ee-840f-6faaeebe659d.html">Idaho State Journal</a>, the Meridian store is one of at least three restaurants planned for Idaho. A second restaurant is expected to open in a mall in Boise, Idaho. The Journal reported that it will replace a former Pier 1 store.Are you a fast-food insider with insight to share? Got a tip? Contact this reporter via email at <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="c-link c-link--focus-visible" href="mailto:nluna@insider.com">nluna@insider.com</a> or via Signal encrypted at <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="c-link c-link--focus-visible">714-875-6218</a>.

In-N-Out just opened its first restaurant in Idaho. And it's paying workers 141% above the state's minimum wage.

<keyword id="41568" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Srinagar">Srinagar</keyword>, Srinagar recorded the <keyword id="932133" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coldest-night">coldest night</keyword> after 30 years, as the <keyword id="6359241" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="temperature">temperature</keyword> plummeted to minus 8.8 degrees Celsius on Sunday. Officials of the meteorological department said the <keyword id="6437100" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="minimum-temperature">minimum temperature</keyword> dropped to minus 8.8 in Srinagar. "From today onwards there is going to be perceptible improvement in the night temperatures in both <keyword id="6360420" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="JK">J&amp;K</keyword> and Ladakh," the officials said adding that the maximum temperature was 2 degrees Celsius in Srinagar on Saturday which is also the lowest maximum recorded this season. Sonam Lotus, director of the MeT department for J&amp;K and Ladakh told IANS that minus 8.8 is the lowest minimum temperature recorded after exactly 30 years in Srinagar. "In 1991 the minimum temperature recorded was minus 11.8 in Srinagar," Lotus said. The 40-day long period of harsh winter cold known locally as the 'Chillai Kalan' ends on Sunday, but not without leaving an indelible mark in the record book for ushering in one of Kashmir's coldest winters in living memory. The minimum temperature was minus 12.0 in Pahalgam and minus 8.0 in Gulmarg. Leh town of Ladakh had minus 16.6, Kargil minus 17.4 and Drass minus 26.2 as the night's lowest temperature. Jammu city had 5.8, Katra 5.4, Batote 1.1, Bannihal 0.6 and Bhaderwah minus 1.5 as the minimum temperature. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/travel/article/the-many-marvels-of-satpura-biosphere-reserve/articleshow/80598269.cms">The many marvels of Satpura Biosphere Reserve in Madhya Pradesh</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/india-travel-and-tourism-sector-is-hoping-that-the-budget-2021-wont-leave-them-behind/articleshow/80596702.cms">India’s travel and tourism sector is hoping that the Budget won’t leave them behind</a>

Srinagar records minus 8.8 degrees, coldest night in 30 years

A cold wave gripped Delhi on Monday as the minimum temperature dropped to 6.3 degrees Celsius, five notches below normal and the lowest in the month of November since 2003, according to the India Meteorological Department. On Sunday, the national capital had recorded a minimum of 6.9 degrees Celsius and a maximum of 24.2 degrees Celsius, the lowest day time temperature so far this month. "The Safdarjung Observatory which provides representative data for the city, recorded a minimum of 6.3 degrees Celsius, which is Delhi's lowest minimum temperature in the month since November 2003, when the city recorded a minimum of 6.1 degrees Celsius," Kuldeep Srivastava, the head of the IMD's regional forecasting centre, said. The mercury dropped to 6.4 degrees Celsius at the Lodhi Road weather station, he said. For the plains, the IMD declares a cold wave when the minimum temperature is 10 degrees Celsius or below and is 4.5 notches less than normal for two consecutive days. "However, for small areas such as Delhi, a cold wave can be declared if the criteria is fulfilled even for a day," Srivastava said. Delhi had recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 11.5 degrees Celsius last year, 10.5 degrees Celsius in 2018 and 7.6 degrees Celsius in 2017 in the month of November. The all-time record for the lowest minimum temperature in November is 3.9 degrees Celsius recorded on November 28, 1938. Srivastava said icy cold winds blowing from snow-laden western Himalayas have led to a dip in the mercury. However, the minimum temperature will rise by two to three degrees Celsius in the next four to five days under the influence of a fresh Western Disturbance. The minimum temperature this month, barring on November 16, has remained 2-3 degrees Celsius below normal in the absence of a cloud cover, according to IMD officials. Clouds trap some of the outgoing infrared radiation and radiate it back downward, warming the ground. The month of October was the coldest in 58 years in the national capital. The mean minimum temperature in October this year was 17.2 degrees Celsius, the lowest since 1962, when it was 16.9 degrees Celsius. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/how-to-earn-money-at-home-from-googles-task-mate/articleshow/79362215.cms">Google is testing ‘Task Mate’ in India, which lets users earn money for doing tasks on their smartphones</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/hdfc-banks-net-banking-upi-services-and-atms-down-due-to-data-centre-outage/articleshow/79344484.cms">HDFC Bank’s net banking, UPI service and ATMs were down due to a 'data centre outage' but RBI demands more detailed information</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/mount-everest-home-to-microplastics-and-melting-glaciers/articleshow/79324609.cms">Microplastics found at the highest point on Earth as the glaciers around Mount Everest’s death zone melt</a>

India's national capital sees its coldest November in 17 years with temperatures dipping to 6.3 degrees Celcius

<ul><li>Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms of May 22 brought relief to the heatwave ridden North Indians.</li><li>Temperature dropped as much as 11 degree celsius in several parts of north India.</li><li>This weather is likely to continue till May 24 bringing thunderstorms, lighting, gusty winds and rainfall in many parts.</li></ul>Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms of May 22 brought relief to the heatwave ridden North Indians — as mercury dropped by 11 degree celsius the next morning. According to the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), this is the first storm of moderate intensity of this season. This weather is likely to continue till May 24 bringing thunderstorms, lighting, gusty winds and rainfall in many parts of north India. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Isolated rainfall, more storms and rainfall expected in the next two days" comment="subhead" text="Isolated rainfall, more storms and rainfall expected in the next two days">Isolated rainfall, more storms and rainfall expected in the next two days</cmsannotation> To start with, areas like Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K), Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand are likely to face widespread to fairly widespread light/moderate rainfall with isolated thunderstorms, lightning and gusty winds. Punjab, Haryana-Chandigarh-Delhi, Uttar Pradesh are likely to witness scattered to fairly widespread rainfall. Rajasthan may face isolated rainfall activity till May 24, with peak intensity today on May 23. All these regions are also expected to witness isolated thunder squalls and hail storms today. <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 468pt;" class="redcator-table-advance"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Region </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Maximum-minimum temperature on May 22* </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Temperature at 10:30 AM on May 23* </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Jammu And Kashmir </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">41/23 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">30 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Punjab </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">40/20 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">31 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Himachal Pradesh </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">22/9 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">14 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Uttarakhand </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">22/12 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">17 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Delhi </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">40/24 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">27 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Haryana </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">39/21 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">28 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Uttar Pradesh </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">35/25 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">33 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Rajasthan </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">41/28 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">33 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Chandigarh </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">38/22 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">29 </td></tr></tbody><tbody></tbody></table>Note: The temperature are represented in degree celsiusSource: Weather.com Even a quick glimpse of the monthly predictions by weather.com reveal a slight dip in the maximum temperature for today and tomorrow. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Thunderstorms lead to collapse of homes, airline traffic" comment="subhead" text="Thunderstorms lead to collapse of homes, airline traffic">Thunderstorms lead to collapse of homes, airline traffic</cmsannotation> The rainfall and winds however came with a cost, exposing the weak infrastructure of the country. At least four houses in different parts of Delhi collapsed on Monday morning, and waterlogging was reported in several areas of Delhi including the national highway 48. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype="Text"><cdata><![CDATA[ ]]></cdata></div> Several areas also reported power blackouts due to strong winds - making power failure a common theme across summer and monsoons alike. Flight operations too were affected at the Indira Gandhi International Airport on Monday morning. "Due to bad weather, flight operations at Delhi airport are affected. Passengers are requested to get in touch with the airline concerned for updated flight information," the Delhi airport said in a tweet. SEE ALSO <a class="tout-title-link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/heres-why-all-steel-stocks-like-tata-steel-sail-jindal-jsw-down-today/articleshow/91735433.cms">Tata Steel, SAIL, Jindal Steel shares tumble up to 16% after the export tax shocker</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/billionaire-wealth-rose-more-in-2-years-than-in-the-last-23-years-combined/articleshow/91734674.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Billionaire wealth rose more in 2 years than in the last 23 years combined </a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/zomato-hdfc-hdfc-bank-paytm-and-other-hot-stocks-to-watch-out-for-on-may-23/slidelist/91733634.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Zomato, HDFC, HDFC Bank, Paytm and other hot stocks to watch out for on May 23 </a>

Thunderstorms, rain bring down homes and power supplies along with temperatures in North India

After witnessing the coldest of the season so far on Friday, the national capital may experience the chilliest day in November in 14 years on Sunday, officials of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) told IANS. Kuldeep Srivastava, scientist at IMD and Head, Regional Weather Forecasting Centre (RWFC), informed that cold winds coming after snowfalls in the hills could bring the mercury down to 7-degree Celsius on Sunday. "The minimum and maximum temperatures are expected to further reduce to 7-degree C and 24-degree C on Sunday, respectively," he said. On November 29, 2006, the minimum temperature in the national capital had dipped to 7.3-degree C. "As the wind direction continues to be north-westerly, cold winds are coming in from Jammu and Himachal Pradesh, which have received snowfall. Besides, clear skies in the day is causing the heat to dissipate quickly and make the nights cooler than usual," Srivastava explained. However, he also forecast that the temperature is expected to rise in the next three-four days before dropping again after November 27. "Western disturbance and change in wind direction will cause the rise in temperature," Srivastava added. The minimum temperature in the national capital had dropped to 7.5 degrees Celsius on Friday morning, five notches below normal for this time of the year. On Thursday, the city had recorded a minimum temperature of 9.4-degree C. In 2017, the minimum temperature had dipped to 7.6-degree C in the last week of November. IMD data showed that the average normal minimum temperature is 12.9-degree C for this time of the year. Delhi even saw its coldest October in 58 years this time with an average minimum temperature of 17.2-degree C. The lowest temperature recorded last November was 11.4-degree C, while in 2018 it was 10.5-degree C. The IMD is likely to declare a cold wave on Saturday if the temperature remains five degrees below normal. Meanwhile, the city's air quality index fell to the "poor" category on Saturday with a reading of 252. The System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR), the forecasting body under the Union Ministry of Earth Sciences, said that 1,264 fire counts were observed in the neighbouring states and the share of stubble burning in Delhi's PM 2.5 is expected to be 13 per cent on Saturday. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/mount-everest-home-to-microplastics-and-melting-glaciers/articleshow/79324609.cms">Microplastics found at the highest point on Earth as the glaciers around Mount Everest’s death zone melt</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/pubg-mobile-india-was-supposed-to-launch-today/articleshow/79315462.cms">PUBG Mobile India was rumoured to launch today — but there is no official update from the company</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/lakshmi-vilas-bank-is-the-fifth-financial-firm-after-ilfs-dhfl-yes-bank-and-pmc-bank-to-collapse-in-india/slidelist/79286096.cms">Lakshmi Vilas Bank is the fifth financial firm to collapse in India within the last 30 months</a>

New Delhi may face the coldest Sunday of November this week, according to the IMD

<ul><li>Specialty chemicals maker <keyword id="12837738" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aether-industries" source="Orion">Aether Industries</keyword> is all set to launch its initial public offering (IPO) today, between May 24 and 26.</li><li>The price band of the company’s public issue has been set at ₹610-642 apiece.</li><li>An investor can bid for a minimum of one lot of 23 shares, costing up to ₹14,766.</li></ul>Specialty chemical maker Aether Industries is all set to launch its initial public offering (IPO) today, between May 24 and 26. The price band of the company’s public issue has been set at ₹610-642 apiece. An investor can bid for a minimum of one lot of 23 shares, totaling to ₹14,766 per lot. The maximum bid can be placed for 13 lots, totaling to ₹191,958. Aether Industries intends to raise close to ₹808 crore through this IPO. Out of this, ₹627 crore will be raised through fresh issue of equity shares while the remaining ₹181.04 crore will be raised through offer for sale (OFS). The tentative date for the announcement of share allocation is May 31, 2022. The likely date for share listing is June 3. <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 468pt;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Event </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Date </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">IPO Opening Date </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">May 24, 2022 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">IPO Closing Date </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">May 26, 2022 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Basis of Allotment </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">May 31, 2022 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Initiation of Refunds </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">June 1, 2022 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Credit of Shares to Demat </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">June 2, 2022 </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Aether Industries IPO Listing Date </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">June 3, 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Understanding the business of Aether Industries" comment="subhead" text="Understanding the business of Aether Industries">Understanding the business of Aether Industries</cmsannotation> Aether Industries — which is based out of Surat, Gujarat — focuses on producing advanced intermediates and specialty chemicals involving complex, differentiated chemistry and technology core competencies. The company’s products are used in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, material science, coating, high-performance photography, additive as well as oil and gas segments of the chemical industry. About 35% of the issue will be reserved for retail investors, while qualified institutional buyers (QIBs) will be able to participate in 50% of the total issue size. Non-institutional investors will be able to participate in the remaining 15% of the IPO size. SEE ALSO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/paytm-market-value-macquarie-icici-securities-goldman-sachs-split-over-target-price/articleshow/91738520.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Top brokerages split over Paytm — Macquarie sees Paytm at ₹450, ICICI Securities at ₹1,285</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/thunderstorms-rain-bring-down-homes-and-power-supplies-along-with-temperatures-in-north-india/articleshow/91735531.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Thunderstorms, rain bring down homes and power supplies along with temperatures in North India</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/billionaire-wealth-rose-more-in-2-years-than-in-the-last-23-years-combined/articleshow/91734674.cms">Billionaire wealth rose more in 2 years than in the last 23 years combined</a>

Aether Industries Limited IPO open today — check out other important dates

The national capital recorded its air quality in the 'very poor' category on Thursday morning even as experts said the situation was "much better" compared to two days ago when pollution levels were above the emergency threshold. A change in the wind direction -- from north westerly to north-north easterly -- was the reason behind the dip in pollution levels as it reduced the contribution of stubble burning significantly, according to government agencies and weather experts. The city recorded an air quality index (AQI) of 315 at 9 am. The 24-hour average AQI was 344 on Wednesday and 476 on Tuesday. Delhi witnessed six "severe" air days on the trot from November 4 to November 9, according to Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) data. The AQI in neighbouring cities of Faridabad (306), Ghaziabad (336), Noida (291), Greater Noida (322), and Gurgaon (261), which fall in the National Capital Region (NCR), was also recorded in the "poor" and "very poor" categories. An official of the India Meteorological Department (IMD) said the "situation is much better compared to Tuesday". The wind direction has changed preventing the transport of smoke from farm fires in Punjab and Haryana, he said. The official, however, said the air quality is likely to deteriorate marginally on Friday. The IMD said winds were calm in the morning and the minimum temperature was 11.6 degrees Celsius. Calm winds and low temperatures trap pollutants close to the ground, while favourable wind speed helps in their dispersion. There was shallow fog in the morning and the visibility was 800 metres at the Safdarjung Observatory. The Ministry of Earth Sciences' air quality monitor, SAFAR, said the change in transport level wind direction has led to a significant decrease in stubble burning-related intrusion in spite of high fire counts. The share of stubble burning in Delhi's PM2.5 was almost negligible -- 3 per cent -- on Wednesday due to unfavourable transport-level winds, it said. "Deterioration (in air quality) is expected on Friday towards the higher end of the 'very poor' category," it said. The CPCB had on Wednesday ordered closure of hot mix plants and stone crushers in Delhi-NCR till November 17 in view of a likely increase in pollution levels during the festive season. It also asked the governments of Punjab and Haryana to take immediate stringent actions to curb stubble burning and authorities in Delhi-NCR to strictly check biomass burning. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/instagram-down-users-complain-of-frozen-timelines-and-likes/articleshow/79146012.cms">Instagram down for a second consecutive day — Facebook is working on a fix but has not disclosed what's wrong</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/spicejet-shrink-its-losses-to-112-59-crore-in-the-second-quarter-ended-september-30/articleshow/79172678.cms">Spicejet is losing one rupee where it was losing four thanks to cheaper fuel and cut in rentals</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/two-tiny-asteroids-to-zoom-past-earth-on-diwali-2020/articleshow/79170635.cms">Two tiny asteroids to zoom past Earth this Diwali — likely without any fireworks</a>

Pollution levels dip in Delhi but air quality remains 'very poor'

<ul><li>The India Meteorological Department has issued a “severe weather advisory”. </li><li>It is expecting thunderstorms, lightning and rain over <keyword id="6357713" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Uttar-Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</keyword>, east <keyword id="6355554" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Madhya-Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</keyword>, and Chhattisgarh. </li><li>Parts of Uttarakhand, West Rajasthan, Haryana, <keyword id="6360078" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandigarh">Chandigarh</keyword>, Delhi and Gujarat are also likely to experience cold waves on Friday. </li></ul>Several parts in Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana and New Delhi witnessed rainfall on Thursday following cyclonic circulation over North Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir. The India Meteorological Department has issued a “severe weather advisory” and is expecting thunderstorms,lightning and rain over Uttar Pradesh, east Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. Parts of Uttarakhand, West Rajasthan, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi and Gujarat are also likely to experience cold waves on Friday. <div type="twitter" handle="Indiametdept" handlename="India Met. Dept." image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/719820340617195520/9kkoUL6x_normal.jpg" favoritecount="17" retweetcount="11" status="Severe Weather Advisory For Today https://t.co/Mda3DlP3cr" createdat="1579245442000" id="1218069788297056256"></div>

 <div type="twitter" handle="Indiametdept" handlename="India Met. Dept." image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/719820340617195520/9kkoUL6x_normal.jpg" favoritecount="4" retweetcount="3" status="Multi Hazard Warning for next 5 days https://t.co/IsDpMiHvte" createdat="1579250255000" id="1218089972474888192"></div>

 <div type="twitter" handle="Indiametdept" handlename="India Met. Dept." image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/719820340617195520/9kkoUL6x_normal.jpg" favoritecount="11" retweetcount="5" status="Weather Warning and Rainfall Forecast video based on 0830 hours IST of 17.01.2020 https://t.co/iHZym8K6zX" createdat="1579249918000" id="1218088560361791488"></div>

 Visibility in Haryana and Punjab reduced to 50m Large parts of Punjab and Haryana on Friday remained under very dense <keyword id="6401601" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Fog">fog</keyword> cover with visibility less than 50 metres in many places impacting air, train and road traffic and throwing normal life out of gear. The minimum temperatures settled below normal at several places in the region. The Met forecasts mild rain and foggy conditions in both the states till Saturday. Dense to very dense fog is likely at many places for the next few days. In the plains of Punjab and Haryana, Bathinda was the coldest place with a low of 1.2 degree Celsius on January 17. Sirsa in Haryana reeled under a low of 2.4 degree Celsius, while Hisar, Karnal and Bhiwani settled at a low of 5.1 degrees, 10 degrees and 6.3 degree Celsius, respectively. In neighbouring Punjab, Ludhiana, Adampur and Patiala had a low of 8.9 degrees, 10.7 degrees and 8.2 degrees Celsius, respectively. The minimum temperature in the holy city of Amritsar settled at 4.7 degrees. Chandigarh recorded a low of 9.4 degrees Celsius with mild rain. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/lokmanya-tilak-express-derails-in-odisha-20-injured/articleshow/73289483.cms?upcache=2">20 train passengers injured after eight coaches in LTT express derailed by fog</a>

If you are travelling to Delhi, Chandigarh, and Uttarakhand — beware of severe weather

Delhi's air quality worsened again and slipped into the 'severe' category on Tuesday morning. At 9:36 am, the air quality index (AQI) was 414. The AQI at Bawana, Wazirpur, Anand Vihar and Rohini was 445, 442, 442 and 440 respectively. According to the government air quality monitoring service SAFAR, the city's air quality was in very poor category on Monday which turned to severe by the evening. The average AQI stood at 360 on Sunday. In the National Capital Region (NCR), the AQI in Noida was 436, while Ghaziabad recorded an AQI of 445. Greater Noida, Gurgaon and Faridabad recorded AQI of 436, 365 and 404 respectively. On Monday, most of the 37 air quality monitoring stations in Delhi recorded air quality in the 'severe' category. An AQI between 0-50 is considered 'good', 51-100 'satisfactory', 101-200 'moderate', 201-300 'poor', 301-400 'very poor' and 401-500 'severe'. Above 500 falls in the 'severe plus' category. With the winter setting in, a dip in the minimum temperature makes the air cold and heavy leading to accumulation of pollutants close to the ground.

Delhi's air quality dips and peaks as citizens hold their breath

If the snapshots of a frozen Niagara have chilled you to the bones and the gradual dip in mercury at home keeps you shivering, here is the best remedy to beat the last leg of the icy cold <keyword id="46788" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Winter">winter</keyword>. Celebrate <keyword id="6494293" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Lohri">Lohri</keyword> this year with <keyword id="28762" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="fire">fire</keyword> and flamboyance – with the beating of dhol, <keyword id="6920" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bhangra">bhangra</keyword> &amp; <keyword id="465865" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="giddha">giddha</keyword> dancing, blazing bonfires and mithas of traditional sweets. Lohri is a popular <keyword id="404010" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="harvest-festival">harvest festival</keyword>, celebrated all over <keyword id="55424" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Northern-India">Northern India</keyword> in the middle of January, and Monday the 13th is the stipulated date this year. 
 Essentially a <keyword id="2012366" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Rural-festival">rural festival</keyword> held in <keyword id="6354953" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Punjab">Punjab</keyword>, <keyword id="41646" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Haryana">Haryana</keyword>, <keyword id="66" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Delhi">Delhi</keyword> and some parts of <keyword id="6358126" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Himachal-Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</keyword> and <keyword id="6357972" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Jammu">Jammu</keyword>, this one celebrates the bountiful harvests as the ravi crops (winter crops including wheat, barley, mustard, <keyword id="56382" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Sesame">sesame</keyword> and peas) are gathered while people unite in thanksgiving and pray for prosperity. Held on the last day of the month Paush, Lohri also marks the Sun’s entry into the northern hemisphere, popularly known as <keyword id="90750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Uttarayan">Uttarayan</keyword>. This signifies the end of the cold, dark winter days and bonfires are lit to worship the Sun – the eternal spark of life. Lohri melas (festivals) are also held every year to celebrate the occasion. 
 A week before the festival, children start gathering <keyword id="1066921" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="firewood">firewood</keyword> and go from door to door, singing old folk songs and collecting their <keyword id="2012376" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Lohri-loot">Lohri loot</keyword> – a wide variety of scrumptious sweets like <keyword id="2012377" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Rewri">rewri</keyword>, <keyword id="529387" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Gajak">gajak</keyword>, <keyword id="137842" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="jaggery">jaggery</keyword>, <keyword id="116024" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Peanut">peanut</keyword> chikki and <keyword id="6427332" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="TIL">til</keyword> (sesame) barfi. On the D-day, after sundown, people rush to the <keyword id="2012365" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bonfire-celebration">bonfire celebration</keyword>, followed by a gala evening filled with songs, dances and feasting. The festival also holds great significance for the newlyweds and the newborns whose first Lohri is celebrated with pomp and splendour. 
 This year, too, the Lohri bashes are all set to fire up the festivities in spite of the <keyword id="517425" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="biting-cold">biting cold</keyword> of the past few days. It has been partly cloudy in the national capital of Delhi, along with early <keyword id="49908" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="MORNING-FOG">morning fog</keyword> and a chilly breeze, but the day gets warmer with an occasional burst of sunshine. It has not rained either, as predicted by the MeT department, and the minimum temperature on the Lohri day is expected to hover between 4 and 6°C. Incidentally, the Jaffarpur Kalan area in Delhi has already recorded the lowest minimum temperature of 1.4°C a couple of days ago. The city also witnessed the worst fog in four years, with flight and train operations coming to a standstill. 
 
Such chilly weather means the bonfires must be extra large this time and the celebrations should get bigger as the sun goes down on Monday. Start the ritual with parikrama – circling the bonfire, chanting prayers, singing folk songs and putting in loads of til (sesame), <keyword id="2012380" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Moongphali">moongphali</keyword> (peanuts), <keyword id="2012381" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Chirwa">chirwa</keyword> (puffed rice) and <keyword id="82600" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Maize">maize</keyword> (<keyword id="74000" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Popcorn">popcorn</keyword>) into the fire, as the old custom demands. Some even pour milk and water near the circle of fire. These prayers and offerings to the Sun are said to bring peace, harmony and prosperity throughout the year. When the parikrama is over, it is time to exchange gifts and distribute the prasad or puja offerings that mostly include peanuts, til, gajak, jaggery and other munchies. 
 
 
 
But Lohri also signifies a great celebration of life – dancing, feasting and revelry that bring in good cheer. So it’s time to go balle balle with some dazzling outfits, lively dance numbers, Patiala pegs and lip-smacking <keyword id="33659" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Punjabi-Cuisine">Punjabi cuisine</keyword>. Women can’t go much wrong with the <keyword id="2012402" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Lohri-fashion">Lohri fashion</keyword>, though. A <keyword id="2012403" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Patiala-suit">Patiala suit</keyword> with bright-hued <keyword id="531498" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Phulkari">phulkari</keyword> work or heavily embellished <keyword id="6481130" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="zardozi">zardozi</keyword> designs, matching dupatta and gold/kundan jewellery complete the <keyword id="2012391" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Ethnic-ensemble">ethnic ensemble</keyword> for this occasion. Go for bold colours and bright shades – not only for your outfit but also for your make-up. The more adventurous can always try glitter and rhinestone make-up to add some extra dazzle. Sport a front puff or a chotti (braid) with a parandi (decorative tassel) and walk out as the belle of the ball – ready to bhangra and giddha all evening, till the fire dies down. 
 Those in love with gourmet food are also looking forward to the celebrations. Start your evening with some spicy chat and tikka; wash it down with a Patiala peg or two or some sweet/salty lassi, and move on to a sumptuous dinner of <keyword id="2012392" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Makhani-di-dal">makhani di dal</keyword>, <keyword id="460117" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="sarson-da-saag">sarson da saag</keyword> and <keyword id="2012393" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Makki-di-roti">makki di roti</keyword> (more here on <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Top-Indian-Foods-For-Your-Palate-Must-try-Items-FromEvery-State/articleshow/22515429.cms">top Indian foods</a>), followed by the traditional dessert – <keyword id="2012394" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Gajar-da-halwa">gajar da halwa</keyword> or <keyword id="2012395" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Mong-dal-da-halwa">mong dal da halwa</keyword>. 
 Although Lohri is mostly celebrated in Northern India, similar festivals are held in the East and the South. In <keyword id="6357783" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="West-Bengal">West Bengal</keyword>, it is <keyword id="42174" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Makar-Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</keyword> on January 14, just a day after Lohri. It is considered as one of the most auspicious days and lakhs of people from all over India take a <keyword id="6365583" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Holy-dip">holy dip</keyword> at the confluence of the river <keyword id="79976" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Ganges">Ganges</keyword> and the <keyword id="55869" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bay-of-Bengal">Bay of Bengal</keyword>. In <keyword id="28504" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Kerala">Kerala</keyword>, it is <keyword id="38378" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="pongal">Pongal</keyword> from January 13 and the four-day harvest festival marks the start of a <keyword id="2012401" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="New-cycle">new cycle</keyword> as the Sun enters the northern hemisphere. And in <keyword id="6354915" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Assam">Assam</keyword>, people celebrate the <keyword id="523926" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Magh-Bihu">Magh Bihu</keyword> or <keyword id="95767" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Bhogali-Bihu">Bhogali Bihu</keyword> on January 14, an equivalent of Makar Sankranti and Pongal. 
 
With so many festivities coming up in the next few days, we wish all our readers happiness, prosperity, and most importantly, a thawing of the heart. Our emotions freeze up at times; our sensitivity becomes numb and our empathy well often runs dry. So what better time is there than today for a renewal of self? That’s what Lohri or the bonfire celebration is all about – it tells us to thaw out our hearts and celebrate a fresh start, a new cycle of life.

Happy
Lohri! It’s Now Bonfire Time, Folks!

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/60852569@N00/3428173616/"> Matt / Flickr</a></div></div>The question of how long someone's heart would have to be stopped for before you can safely say that regardless of what you do, you're not going to be able to revive them is a verytricky question. It's not as simple as saying after 10 or even 20 minutes there's no hope. For instance, there are countless people who have been subject to hypothermia, have their heart stopped for over 45 minutes, and still have been successfully revived. So many, in fact, that the current guideline set by the American Heart Association (AHA) is that you continue trying to revive the person until their core body temperature is above 95 degrees Fahrenheit- 95 degrees, because below that is the technical definition of hypothermia. The mantra in that situation is, "They're not dead until they're warm and dead."
In other situations, numerous factors need to be considered when deciding when to stop trying to resuscitate someone, such as how quickly CPR was started after their heart stopped; how well CPR was performed (note: <a href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/06/cpr-does-not-require-mouth-to-mouth/" target="_blank">CPR does not require mouth to mouth and recent studies seem to indicate the person has a better chance of surviving with just compressions in most cases</a>); the types of medications used during the resuscitation; the medical history of the person, known as comorbid factors; and, finally, the cause of the cardiac arrest in the first place.
With this in mind, let's take a quick look at some of the most common things to consider when trying to resuscitate someone, and how long you would try to revive them in those situations.
The first, and most important thing to consider is the point of trying to revive the heart in the first place- that's to supply the body, and most importantly brain cells, with adequate blood flow. The first question any rescuer needs to consider is, "What's the likelihood that the victim's brain cells are still functioning?" If there's a good chance that if you get their heart back going, the person isn't going to be a vegetable, you continue trying. If not, you typically don't. For this, a general rule of thumb is that brain cells begin to die after approximately 4-6 minutes of no blood-flow. After around 10 minutes, those cells will cease functioning, and be effectively dead.
That said, there are some exceptions to that rule. In situations of slow metabolism, like when the person is hypothermic, those time-frames are extended. If good CPR is being performed, the brain cells are also getting some blood supply, although decreased, so the time frame is again extended to the point the rescuer feels is appropriate.
The second thing to consider is, "What is the electrical function of the heart?" The heart itself is a two part pump- one part electrical, the other is plumbing. The electrical part is mediated by electrolytes like sodium, potassium and calcium. The electricity created is what "shocks" the heart and causes it to contract and squeeze blood out to the body. For a complete explanation of how this works check out our article on <a href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/09/how-the-heart-works/" target="_blank">How the Heart Works</a>.
Any rescuer needs some sort of electrical function to be happening within the heart to be able to get the heart beating on its own again. Whether they need to externally shock the heart, called defibrillation, or attempt to create a steady beat externally, called "pacing", they do need some electrical function.
If there is some electrical function, and good CPR was being performed (thereby continuing to get some blood to the brain) most will continue attempting to resuscitate. If no CPR was being performed, then possibly not. No blood flow would have been getting to the brain and thus after around 10 minutes, it would be futile in most cases. Unless of course you were going to attempt the resuscitation for the purposes of providing organ donation, then maybe. Hopefully you are beginning to see why this is such a tough question to answer.
If there is good electrical function and it isn't creating a heart beat, good CPR is being performed, then continuing to try and revive the individual would be a wise decision- even if it's been 45 minutes. That being said, there can be good electrical function and no heart beat, called PEA (pulseless electrical activity) and if the rescuer feels it has been too long for the brain cells to survive, they might still decide to stop at 30 or even 20 minutes.
From this so far, you might be thinking to yourself that it all comes down to the electrical function of the heart- if it's there, you continue; if not, you don't. Unfortunately, that's where this gets even more complex. Depending on what is happening electrically within the heart, there are medications and treatments that can be given in an attempt to put the heart in a better pulse-producing situation. Let's look at some of those situations and talk about times.
The most common electrical rhythms the heart can be in when it isn't beating are asystole (no electrical function), ventricular fibrillation (the heart is quivering like a person having a seizure), ventricular tachycardia (the bottom part of the heart is beating really fast), and PEA (anything that isn't one of the other three).
Before we talk about the types of medications and treatments that can be attempted, and the time-frames, I need to say that when someone is in cardiac arrest, the absolute best treatment known to man is good CPR compressions combined with early defibrillation (see my article on <a href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/02/top-5-first-aid-tricks-everyone-should-know-part-5-defibrillation/" target="_blank">Top 5 Life Saving First Aid Tricks Everyone Should Know</a>). No medication or treatment should ever be given in place of those two things. That being said, if those two things aren't enough, there are some things a rescuer could try.
When it comes to the medications given, you have to take into account the time it takes for them to work. This will vary greatly depending on CPR compressions and numerous other factors like normal time for that medication to be metabolized. So the times I give are the best approximates we currently have. I also won't be going into how they work or why you would choose one over the other, as this article is already pretty long. I will simply give you time frames for them to work because a rescuer would need to continue attempting to revive the victim until that time.
Let's start with asystole. Currently, the AHA recommends using epinephrine or vasopressin combined with good CPR compression to circulate it. Epinephrine begins to cause reactions within about 1-2 minutes and begins to become less effective around 5 minutes. The AHA, thus, recommends giving a dose every 5 minutes of resuscitation. You would continue trying to revive the victim with this drug until you felt the brain cells had no chance, or you had no change in the electrical function of the heart. 20 minutes is a common time frame.
Vasopressin takes approximately 20 minutes to begin to cause a reaction. A rescuer would need to continue attempting resuscitation for at least that long before they would expect a result. 20 minutes would then be the minimum amount of time you would attempt resuscitation. Some would continue longer, especially if they had a change in the electrical function of the heart.
Ventricular fibrillation and Ventricular tachycardia are treated almost the same. Externally shocking the victim is the treatment of choice. Along with Epinephrine, the AHA also recommends giving Amiodarone, and if that's not available, Lidocaine. Amiodarone begins to work around 10-15 minutes, Lidocaine around 2-5 minutes. You would continue giving this drug until you reached its maximum dosage. With Amiodarone you use only one large initial dose, followed by a smaller dose should you get a heartbeat back. With Lidocaine, you would give approximately three doses. The time frame for this type of resuscitation can be quite long. This is because all of those treatments take time, and you could choose several different orders in which to give it.
You would start with shocking the victim, wait 2 minutes, then give Epinephrine, wait another 2 minutes, then choose Amiodarone or Lidocaine, or any of the 4, and then continue from there. As long as the person is still in this rhythm, you would continue. Should it change, you would then change your treatment. I will say, I have personally seen this rhythm persist for well over 30 minutes.
We then get to PEA (pulseless electrical activity). This is its own animal as it could be any sort of rhythm that isn't one of the others. Because of this, the gold standard is trying to fix the cause. For this, the AHA has a handy little mnemonic called the 6 H's and 5 T's. The H's are: Hypovolemia (not enough blood), Hydrongen ion (acidosis), Hyper/Hypokalemia (high or low potassium), Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and hypothermia. The T's are: Toxins (either drugs or chemical), Tamponade (cardiac tamponade, meaning fluid around the heart), Tension pneumothorax (a hole in your lung that progresses in to pressure on your heart), Thrombosis (clot or other occlusion in your blood vessels), and Trauma.
The treatment for each of those situations takes its own amount of time. Some take as little as 1-2 minutes, like in the case of fixing acidosis. A person could give a drug called sodium bicarbonate, or one could artificially breathe really fast for them. Some treatments can take well in excess of an hour, as in the case of fixing hypothermia.
Things can get even more complicated should the victim begin to have several different heart rhythms. In those cases, and with most cases, it really comes down to whether or not the rescuer feels the brain cells are still viable. That decision is very subjective in nature. One doctor or paramedic might not choose to resuscitate someone when another would. Both could be correct in their decision, depending on what they thought was the cause.
With all of the specific treatments considered, it really comes down to brain cells. If they could still be viable, you would continue attempting resuscitation. If not, then you wouldn't. General time-frames that are common in hospitals and with paramedics are 20-40 min, should they choose to start resuscitation. But, even within those time-frames, they might choose to not even try, depending on the situation.
I know it's not a concrete answer like "20 minutes", but hopefully this was at least an informative and interesting read. From my many years of personal experience, I can tell you that the longest I have ever personally seen a person's heart not beating and they were able to be successfully revived (meaning they walked out of the hospital with somewhat normal neurological function) was over 40 minutes. Luckily for that gentleman, he did have CPR started almost immediately and advanced life support was started within 12 minutes.
More from "Today I Learned":
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2013/09/from-liquid-to-air-why-you-didnt-die-at-birth/" target="_blank">From Liquid to Air: Why You Didn't Die at Birth</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/10/how-to-read-an-ekg-electrocardiograph/" target="_blank">How To Read An EKG (electrocardiograph)</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2012/12/blood-pressure-test/" target="_blank">What Do the Numbers in a Blood Pressure Test Mean and What Does This Test Tell the Doctor?</a></li>
</ul>Want to gain some daily interesting knowledge? <a href="http://todayifoundout.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=1b41057449af09fd2f4481595&amp;id=cfe94f6138" target="_blank">Today I Found Out</a> offers a free daily newsletter to help you feed your brain.

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