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<ul><li>NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope captured bubbles filled with thousands of stars in the Aquila constellation of the <keyword id="410481" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Milky-Way-Galaxy">Milky Way galaxy</keyword>. </li><li>There are at least 30 bubbles in the region anywhere from 10 light years to 30 light years in size. </li><li>Scientists believe the stars within these bubbles are critical to driving the evolution of galaxies. </li></ul>In the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-quiet-wimpy-black-hole-is-getting-hungrier-and-brighter/articleshow/71098006.cms">Milky Way</a> galaxy’s Aquila constellation, a cloud of gas and dust in space is home to at least 30 bubbles — each filled thousands of stars. Spotted by the National Aeronautics and Space Agency’s (<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/spitzer-spots-a-starry-region-bursting-with-bubbles">NASA</a>) Spitzer Space Telescope, the bubbles are anywhere between 10 light years to 30 light years in size. <div type="image" title="spitzer_edited" msid="71385882" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Yellow circles and ovals show the locations of more than 30 bubbles, squares indicate bow shocks, red arcs of warm dust formed as winds from fast-moving stars push aside dust grains&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 The size of these bubbles is decided by the wind and radiation coming from the young and massive stars within their sphere. Stellar winds carry particle emissions from the stars and the pressure of light pushes them outward. It’s difficult to determine their exact size due to their distance from Earth, according to NASA. Stars with short lives The many thousands of stars within these bubbles are OB stars — massive O and early B-type stars. OB stars are hot and big in size. Because they are so hot, they normally lead very short lives and don’t move very far within their lifespan. But, they do emit a lot of radiation. <div type="image" title="pia23402b" msid="71385919" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;These four images show bow shocks, or arcs of warm dust formed as winds from fast-moving stars push aside dust grains scattered sparsely through most of the nebula&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 The radiation fields of OB stars, stellar winds and eventual supernova explosions dominate the structure of star forming galaxies — like the Milky Way — despite being relatively rare. Scientists <a href="https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/488/1/1141/5523142">believe</a> that these characteristics make OB stars critical in driving the evolution of galaxies. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-way-galaxy-surrounded-by-massive-radio-bubbles-stretching-hundreds-of-light-years/articleshow/71106392.cms">Two massive bubbles stretch 700 light years above and below the center of the Milky Way</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-neighbour-galaxy-not-dead-with-young-blue-stars-at-its-center/articleshow/71269866.cms">Milky Way's neighbour might not be so ‘dead’ with young stars brewing at its center</a>

Bubbles filled with thousands of stars found in the Milky Way

Observations made by a small spacecraft called <keyword id="6720497" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="halosat">HaloSat</keyword> have shown that the <keyword id="67503" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="milky-way">Milky Way</keyword> galaxy is surrounded by a clumpy halo of hot gases that is continually being supplied with material ejected by birthing or <keyword id="10138629" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="DYING-STARS">dying stars</keyword>. A halo is a large region filled with hot gas that surrounds a galaxy, also known as a "circumgalactic medium." The heated gaseous halo around the Milky Way was the incubator for the Milky Way's formation some 13 billion years ago and could help solve a longstanding puzzle about where the missing matter of the universe might reside. In the new NASA-funded study published in the journal Nature Astronomy, the researchers concluded the circumgalactic medium has a disk-like geometry, based on the intensity of X-ray emissions coming from it. "The X-ray emissions are stronger above the parts of the Milky Way where star formation is more vigorous," said Philip Kaaret, Professor at the University of Iowa and corresponding author on the study. "That suggests the circumgalactic medium is related to star formation, and it is likely we are seeing gas that previously fell into the Milky Way, made stars, and now is being recycled into the circumgalactic medium." Every galaxy has a circumgalactic medium, and these regions are crucial to understanding not only how galaxies formed and evolved but also how the universe progressed from a kernel of helium and hydrogen to a cosmological expanse teeming with stars, planets, comets, and all other sorts of celestial constituents. HaloSat searches for baryonic matter -- that is, the same kind of particles that compose the visible world -- believed to be missing since the universe's birth. The satellite has been observing the Milky Way's circumgalactic medium for evidence that the missing baryonic matter may reside there. Baryonic matter is distinct from dark matter, which is invisible and does not interact through any force except gravity. Scientists can only account for about two-thirds of the baryonic matter that should be present in the universe. To look for the missing matter, Kaaret and his team wanted to get a better handle on the circumgalactic medium's configuration. More specifically, the researchers wanted to find out how big the circumgalactic medium really is. If it is a huge, extended halo that is many times the size of our galaxy, it could house enough material to solve the missing baryonic question. But if the circumgalactic medium is mostly comprised of recycled material, it would be a relatively thin, puffy layer of gas and an unlikely host of the missing baryonic matter. "What we've done is definitely show that there's a high-density part of the circumgalactic medium that's bright in X-rays," Kaaret says. "But there still could be a really big, extended halo that is just dim in X-rays. And it might be harder to see that dim, extended halo because there's this bright emission disk in the way. "So it turns out with HaloSat alone, we really can't say whether or not there really is this extended halo around the Milky Way," Kaaret said. HaloSat is a NASA CubeSat mission led by the University of Iowa. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nokia-is-set-to-build-the-first-4g-network-on-the-moon-for-nasa-it-will-eventually-be-upgraded-to-5g/articleshow/78763251.cms">Nokia is set to build the first 4G network on the Moon for NASA — it will eventually be upgraded to 5G</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-moon-photobombed-nasas-view-of-the-sun/articleshow/78762020.cms">The Moon photobombs NASA's view of the Sun</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/wipro-wins-five-year-contract-with-europes-third-largest-producer-of-clean-electricity/articleshow/78761079.cms">Wipro wins five-year contract with Europe’s third-largest producer of clean electricity</a>

The Milky Way is recycling its gases to form a clumpy halo

<ul><li>Astronomers have spotted two huge bubbles going on for hundreds of light years, above and below the center of the <keyword id="410481" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Milky-Way-Galaxy">Milky Way galaxy</keyword>. </li><li>They form an hourglass-like shape, which indicates that they are a result of a very violent explosion that took place near the Milky Way's <keyword id="6409890" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-hole">black hole</keyword>. </li><li>Each of the bubbles also contains hundreds of filaments of unknown origin that are only found around the black hole and nowhere else in the Milky Way. </li></ul>One of the largest features ever seen, has been spotted right at the center of our very own galaxy, the Milky Way. It's pair of massive radio-emitting bubbles that stretch for 700 light years above and below the center of the galaxy. <div type="image" title="MeerKAT_composite_print-1024x614" msid="71106402" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Radio image of the center of the Milky Way with a portion of the MeerKAT telescope array in the foreground&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Scientists believe that this could be the result of an enormous energetic burst that erupted near the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-quiet-wimpy-black-hole-is-getting-hungrier-and-brighter/articleshow/71098006.cms">Milky Way's supermassive black hole</a> hundreds of years ago, according to their study published in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02726-x">Nature</a>. The bubbles had not been spotted so far because their signal melded with all the other bright radio emissions from the center of the galaxy. In order to observe the phenomenon accurately, the internal team of astronomers had to take out all other background noise using the MeerKAT Telescope at the South African Radio Astronomy Observatory (SARAO). Bubbles with an 'hourglass' figure The radio bubbles are identical when its comes to shape and size, according to the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (<a href="https://public.nrao.edu/news/2019-balloon-features-galactic-center/">NRAO</a>). <div type="image" title="bubbles" msid="71106412" hostid="261"></div>

 Because of bubbles' 'hourglass'-like shape, astronomers were able to determine that such similarities can only mean that they were formed from a violent eruption. The eruption would have moved quickly, ending as quickly as it started — punching through space in opposite directions. "This eruption was possibly triggered by vast amounts of interstellar gas falling in on the black hole, or a massive burst of star formation which sent shockwaves careening through the galactic center," stated William Cotton, an astronomer with NRAO and co-author of the study. The resulting hot and ionized gas inflated the bubbles, energizing them and generating radio waves that can now be detected from Earth, according to Cotton. Solving the mystery of the Milky Way's <keyword id="2104882" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="supermassive-black-hole">supermassive black hole</keyword> The region that surrounds the Milky Way's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">supermassive black hole</a> is quite different from the rest of the galaxy. There's also a lot about it that scientists are yet to understand. One of mysteries are very long and narrow filaments that aren't found anywhere else except in that region. They were first discovered 35 years ago and show up at radio structures that are tens of light years long and only one light year wide. But there might be a new clue to help find the answer. Each of the radio bubbles spotted contain more than a hundred of these filaments. Since the bubbles originated from a big explosion around the Milky Way's black hole, it's possible that its also where these filaments were formed. It's at least responsible for accelerating the electrons required to produce the radio emission from the magnetized filaments. This phenomenon also lends itself to understanding how other black holes in the universe operate — especially ones in galaxy's than are similar to the Milky Way. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">There was a big spark — 75 times brighter than usual — from the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Our very own black hole in the Milky Way doesn't quite eat up 'everything'</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-quiet-wimpy-black-hole-is-getting-hungrier-and-brighter/articleshow/71098006.cms">Milky Way's 'quiet wimpy' black hole is getting hungrier and brighter</a>

Two massive bubbles stretch 700 light years above and below the center of the Milky Way

<ul><li>The <keyword id="2104882" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="supermassive-black-hole">supermassive black hole</keyword> at the center of the Milky just lit up brighter than ever before. </li><li>Researchers who made the discover initially thought that they might be looking at a star.</li><li>The <keyword id="67503" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="milky-way">Milky Way</keyword>’s black hole is generally not very active and scientists are looking for more data to determine why it suddenly shone so bright.</li></ul>Our solar system, the Milky Way, has a supermassive black hole at the heart of it and it just shined brighter than ever before. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Sagittarius A*</a> is normally a pretty subdued black hole only flickering every once in a while to let us know it’s still there. This is because it doesn’t have an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Physicists-have-discovered-that-rotating-black-holes-might-serve-as-portals-for-hyperspace-travel/articleshow/68434150.cms">active center.</a> 
	
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="quantumpenguin" handlename="Tuan Do" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/513082247948148737/sa4usRVw_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="2831" retweetcount="1281" status="Here's a timelapse of images over 2.5 hr from May from @keckobservatory of the supermassive black hole Sgr A*. The… https://t.co/XL6stP807v" createdat="1565488428000" id="1160368687590727680"></div>







 But this week, astronomers from saw the black hole glow 75 times brighter than it usually does in infrared before reverting back to its usual levels. In fact, the light from the black hole was so bright that <a href="https://twitter.com/quantumpenguin/status/1160368687590727680?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1160368687590727680&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencealert.com%2Four-galaxy-s-supermassive-black-hole-just-mysteriously-got-really-really-bright">Tuan Do</a>, who spotted the anomaly from the Keck Observatory, thought that it was a star at first. The scientists at <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.01777">Cornell University</a> are now on a mission to find out why. Looking for answers The amount of light a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/10-mind-blowing-facts-about-black-holes/articleshow/44879500.cms">black hole</a> emits isn’t the actual black hole glowing but the disk around its gravitational center than pulls any dust and gas in the surrounding area. The friction among the particles in the disk is what produces the radiation that can be caught by infrared readings. S0-2 is a star that passed close to the black hole last year, so it’s possible that it changed the way that gas flows into the black hole. “So more gas is falling in it, leading it to become more variable,” Do told <a href="https://www.sciencealert.com/our-galaxy-s-supermassive-black-hole-just-mysteriously-got-really-really-bright">Science Alert.</a> But, the scientists can only speculate on what really happened until they have more data to analyse. Luckily, the Keck Observatory is not the only eye tracking the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-new-3d-map-of-the-milky-way-reveals-our-galaxys-warped-shape-in-unprecedented-detail/articleshow/70488471.cms">Milky Way</a>’s black hole Other telescopes like Spitzer, Chandra, Swift and ALMA are also watching the night sky. Curating more data from those sources can help the scientists figure out what happened. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="quantumpenguin" handlename="Tuan Do" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/513082247948148737/sa4usRVw_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="23" retweetcount="4" status="@astronomeara @AsteroidEnergy @loganpearce @keckobservatory We can still get data from Keck for a few more weeks be… https://t.co/tCEBu24qK1" createdat="1565540366000" id="1160586532765306881"></div>





 See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Our very own black hole in the Milky Way doesn’t quite eat up ‘everything’</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/new-black-hole-disk-found-by-hubble-in-starved-galaxy/articleshow/70185872.cms">Hubble has found a black hole disk that should be non-existent</a>

There was a big spark — 75 times brighter than usual — from the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mystery-radio-waves-unknown-object-milky-way-center-2021-10">Mysterious radio waves</a> emanating from the center of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/milky-way-galaxy-photo-contest-winners-2021-5">galaxy</a> have astronomers stumped.</li><li>Four objects have briefly emitted <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-developing-plan-to-build-radio-telescope-on-the-moon-2021-4">radio signals</a> that don't resemble any known type of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launches-nasa-ixpe-satellite-black-holes-dead-stars-2021-12">star</a>.</li></ul>Ziteng Wang found a needle in an astronomical haystack.Wang, a physics PhD student at the University of Sydney, was combing through data from Australia's ASKAP radio telescope in late 2020. His research team had detected 2 million objects with the telescope and was classifying each one.The computer identified most of the <keyword id="12206001" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="stars" source="Orion">stars</keyword>, and the stage of life or death they were in. It picked out telltale signs of a pulsar (a rapidly rotating dead star), for example, or a supernova explosion. But <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mystery-radio-waves-unknown-object-milky-way-center-2021-10">one object in the center of our galaxy stumped the computer and the researchers</a>.<div type="image" title="radio wave animation shows distant bright light sending intermittent spirals towards earth" height="640" width="640" msid="88918298" hostid="261"></div>The object emitted powerful <keyword id="12323603" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="radio-waves" source="Orion">radio waves</keyword> throughout 2020 — six signals over nine months. Its irregular pattern and polarized radio emissions didn't look like anything the researchers had seen before.Even stranger, they couldn't find the object in X-ray, visible, or infrared light. They lost the radio signal, too, despite listening for months with two different radio telescopes.It reappeared suddenly, about a year after they first detected it, but within a day, it was gone again."Unfortunately, we don't quite know what behaves like that," Tara Murphy, a professor at the University of Sydney who led Wang's research team, told Insider.It was becoming clear that this was no ordinary dead star, like the other 2 million objects in their survey."That's when we started getting excited," Murphy said.The team sent their data to other radio astronomers, asking for theories. Bit by bit, they confirmed that no one had ever detected anything like it before.The researchers' conclusion: The discovery could belong to an obscure category of mysterious signals coming from the core of the <keyword id="12323604" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="milky-way" source="Orion">Milky Way</keyword>, known as "galactic center radio transients" (GCRTs). Before Wang's discovery, only three such objects had ever been identified.The name GCRT is a "position holder," Murphy said, "while we actually try and figure out what they are."<div type="image" title="milky way galaxy center purple red yellow starry swirls with white bright spots" height="1500" width="3000" msid="88918301" hostid="261"></div>Murphy is "100% confident" that the signals aren't coming from aliens, because technological signals would cover a much narrower range of frequencies, like humans' broadcast radios do.GCRTs have been a mystery for decades now. Nobody knows what type of star would make those unique signals, and each GCRT is different, leading researchers to believe the four signals are not coming from the same type of object.Any new discovery "adds to the full body of knowledge that either cements what we already know, or adds to it, or really could lead to revolutionary new understandings," Scott Hyman, who led the research efforts that discovered the three prior GCRTs, told Insider. "Whether these objects fall into those categories, we don't know. We don't know enough about them."<h2>A decade of searching only turned up 3 GCRTs</h2><div type="image" title="very large array about a dozen telescope radio dishes lined up in the desert" height="777" width="1170" msid="88918303" hostid="261"></div>Telescopes first began observing the center of the Milky Way in low radio frequencies in the 1990s. But it wasn't until the early 2000s, when Hyman's research team was studying data archives from such a low-frequency radio telescope, that they discovered a strange signal briefly beaming from the galactic center.The signal got stronger and then faded away over the course of a few months. Unlike other transient radio signals, there was no sign of it in X-ray observations.Hyman and his colleagues had discovered the first GCRT. Within three years, the team found another, which they nicknamed "the burper" for the radio bursts it sent out every 77 hours before disappearing.These were extremely "bright" signals, meaning they emitted powerful radio waves. Hyman figured they'd find many more GCRTs if they kept searching, including "dimmer," or weaker ones."We thought we were at the tip of an iceberg," said Hyman, who is retired but formerly worked as a physics professor and researcher at Sweet Briar College. "We expected that, given the first one was so easy to find, that we would find more. But I think we were just lucky."In about 10 years of searching, they only found one more GCRT. It, too, was hidden in archival data. They studied the skies anew with the Very Large Array radio telescopes, but none of their signals turned up again.Wang and Murphy may have finally found another GCRT, but their discovery didn't shed much light on what these mysterious objects might be.<h2>Astronomers only have 'unsatisfying' theories until they discover more GCRTs</h2><div type="image" title="pulsar illustration bright blue ball with beams shooting out swirling in red material" height="1687" width="2250" msid="88918305" hostid="261"></div>Researchers have theories about the GCRTs, but "none of them are very satisfying," Murphy said.The GCRTs could be neutron stars or pulsars orbiting each other in sets of two or three, so that the radio signal from one star is eclipsed at irregular intervals by the others. They could be pulsars dying — running out of energy — and emitting irregular radio gasps.Hyman still thinks there are other, undiscovered GCRTs, some of them obscured by the thick dust that pervades the center of the Milky Way.<div type="image" title="milky way center red dust crowded with stars" height="1384" width="1845" msid="88918307" hostid="261"></div>New observatories are monitoring the galactic center better than Hyman could in the 2000s. Whenever the US Naval Research Laboratory releases new observations of the <keyword id="11921801" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="galaxy" source="Orion">galaxy</keyword>'s center, he scans them for signs of GCRTs. Murphy's team plans to continue listening to the galactic center with ASKAP, simultaneously looking for signs of their mystery objects in X-ray, visible, or infrared light.The Square Kilometer Array, currently under construction in Australia and South Africa, would be far more capable of finding GCRTs than any prior radio observatory, Hyman said. It's set for completion in 2028."I'm really hopeful that we can re-detect these three objects, figure out what they are," Hyman said. "They could be lurking in a very dim, quiescent state. They could be just very faint right now, and yet still detectable with a very sensitive instrument."

Unknown objects at the heart of the Milky Way are beaming radio signals, then mysteriously disappearing

<ul><li>There could be 36 active intelligent civilisations in our own galaxy, the <keyword id="67503" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="milky-way">Milky Way</keyword>, but we are unable to communicate to them because the average distance to these civilisations would be 17,000 light-years away, new research has said.</li><li>According to researchers, intelligent life forms in less than 5 billion years, or after about 5 billion years, similar to on Earth where a communicating civilization formed after 4.5 billion years. </li></ul>There could be 36 active intelligent civilisations in our own galaxy, the Milky Way, but we are unable to communicate to them because the average distance to these civilisations would be 17,000 light-years away, new research has said. According to researchers, intelligent life forms in less than 5 billion years, or after about 5 billion years, similar to on Earth where a communicating civilization formed after 4.5 billion years. "There should be at least a few dozen active civilizations in our Galaxy under the assumption that it takes 5 billion years for intelligent life to form on other planets, as on Earth," said Christopher Conselice, professor of astrophysics at the <keyword id="215453" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="University-of-Nottingham">University of Nottingham</keyword>. "The idea is looking at evolution, but on a cosmic scale. We call this calculation the Astrobiological Copernican Limit," he added. It is also possible that we are the only civilization within our Galaxy unless the survival times of civilizations like our own are long, said the study led by the University of Nottingham published in The Astrophysical Journal. "In the strong criteria, whereby a metal content equal to that of the Sun is needed (the Sun is relatively speaking quite metal rich), we calculate that there should be around 36 active civilizations in our Galaxy," explained first author Tom Westby. The classic method for estimating the number of intelligent civilizations relies on making guesses of values relating to life, whereby opinions about such matters vary quite substantially. "Our new study simplifies these assumptions using new data, giving us a solid estimate of the number of civilizations in our Galaxy," said Westby. The number of civilizations depends strongly on how long they are actively sending out signals of their existence into space, such as radio transmissions from satellites, television, etc. If other technological civilizations last as long as ours which is currently 100 years old, then there will be about 36 ongoing intelligent technical civilizations throughout our Galaxy. "Our research suggests that searches for extraterrestrial intelligent civilizations not only reveals the existence of how life forms, but also gives us clues for how long our own civilization will last," said Conselice. If researchers find that intelligent life is common, then this would reveal that our civilization could exist for much longer than a few hundred years. "Alternatively, if we find that there are no active civilizations in our Galaxy, it is a bad sign for our own long-term existence. By searching for extraterrestrial intelligent life -- even if we find nothing -- we are discovering our own future and fate," the authors wrote.

Milky Way might have 36 intelligent civilisations —  but humans are unable to communicate with them

<ul><li>A new study indicates that <keyword id="8041453" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="speeding-black-holes">speeding black holes</keyword> are zipping around the <keyword id="67503" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="milky-way">Milky Way</keyword>. </li><li>The fast speed of the binary black hole systems are a result of being kicked away at birth by their supernova. </li><li>Using the study, scientists estimate that there could be up to 7.5 million high speed <keyword id="4740034" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-holes">black holes</keyword> in our very own galaxy. </li></ul>Black holes are quite the conundrum as scientists are still trying to determine how they came into being. One theory is that when a massive star collapses upon itself — a supernova — the explosion is so huge that a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/10-mind-blowing-facts-about-black-holes/articleshow/44879500.cms">black hole</a> is born. A new study in the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07199">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> indicates that not only are black holes born in supernova explosions but some explosions are so huge that they kick the black holes across the galaxy. Travelling at speeds greater than 70 kilometers per second — that’s 252,000 kilometers per hour — there might be millions of high speed black holes moving about the Milky Way. Black holes and stars have something in common Scientists have already determined that neutron stars, also the result of a supernova explosion, can kicked across vast distances. They call it the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/nasa-s-fermi-satellite-clocks-cannonball-pulsar-speeding-through-space">Blaauw kick</a> or natal kick. They surmise that this happens when a supernova explosion is a little lopsided, resulting in what would be perceived as a recoil. Previous studies show that seven black holes follow the same pattern — binary black hole systems that have been pushed away with natal kicks. Only they’re slower by a factor of about three or four. Scientists aren’t sure why but theorise that it’s because black holes are denser with a higher mass. This new study analysed these seven black holes, along with nine others. They found that 12 out of the 16 were moving at high velocities and, according to their path, were a result of a supernova kicking them them away. To put that in proportion, the Milky Way is home to at least <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/black-holes">10 million</a> black holes that we know of — so an estimated 7.5 million black holes could be spinning and zooming at high speeds in our own galaxy. Blinking in wait for <keyword id="1860685" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="gravitational-waves">gravitational waves</keyword> Knowing how many <keyword id="8041452" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="binary-black-holes">binary black holes</keyword> are whipping around the Milky Way serves a crucial purpose. Scientists will be able to estimate of how many could merge to create <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Why-a-rumor-about-the-discovery-of-something-Einstein-predicted-over-100-years-ago-is-going-viral/articleshow/50553987.cms?from=mdr">gravitational waves</a> that can be detected by LIGO. Gravitational waves, in themselves, are a recently confirmed phenomenon. These ripples in space-time are a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Heres-why-discovering-gravitational-waves-would-be-a-100-year-breakthrough/articleshow/50555053.cms">new way to understand how the universe works.</a> Before September 2015, the only tool that scientists had at their disposal was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/7-mind-blowing-facts-about-gravitational-waves-the-100-year-old-prediction-just-confirmed-by-scientists/Before-the-first-detection-of-gravitational-waves-we-had-no-way-of-knowing-if-black-holes-could-merge-So-this-discovery-doesnt-just-confirm-Einsteins-prediction-It-also-reveals-a-brand-new-behavior-in-the-cosmos-that-we-never-knew-existed-before-/slideshow/50953455.cms">studying how light travels through space.</a> See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">There was a big spark — 75 times brighter than usual — from the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-black-hole-bigger-than-the-sun-is-pulling-on-the-fabric-of-space-and-time/articleshow/69127080.cms">A black hole bigger than the sun is pulling on the fabric of space and time</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Our very own black hole in the Milky Way doesn’t quite eat up ‘everything’</a>

Millions of black holes are speeding around the Milky Way after being kicked at birth

10 winners of a Milky Way photo contest show our galaxy lighting up the sky

Below is the best <a href="http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1339/" target="_blank">three-dimensional map of the Milky Way's center</a> ever created. It was put together using data from the European <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">Space</keyword> Observatory's (ESO) VISTA telescope.
The center region, known as the galactic bulge, consists of a massive cloud containing 10,000 million stars and an inner-region that has the shape of a peanut from a side-view, researchers point out.
In the center, it's generally believed that most galactic bulges contain a supermassive black hole, but black holes can't be observed directly.
It's been hard for astronomers to get a good look at the <keyword id="67503" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="milky-way">Milky Way</keyword>'s central bulge, because it's blocked from view by lots of heavy gas and dust clouds. But the new observations looked beyond the visible light colors to those in the near-infrared spectrum, which are easier to see over galactic distances.
In this study, scientists were able to identify stars 30 times fainter than previous surveys of the central bulge. The locations of 22 million stars were added to the star catalogue. This data gives a flat view of the <keyword id="55852" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Galaxy">galaxy</keyword>, because it's difficult to tell how far those stars are from the Earth - a big star further way would look similar to a small star closer to Earth.
To get an idea of the stars' 3-D locations, this was added to data collected from comparing images from the MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope of the galaxy 11 years ago to ones from today. The teeny-tiny changes in 400 stars gave astronomers an idea of the direction of movement in different regions of the galactic bulge.
With both of these data sets, researchers were able to make the most accurate 3D map yet of the bulge's shape. The three dimensional location in the map resulted in this fabulous artists impression:
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="ESO" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static2.businessinsider.com/image/5230b8cc6bb3f79531b4861c-960/eso1339a.jpg"></a>ESO</div></div>

The Best 3-D Map Of The Milky Way's Center Ever Created

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/19th-century-astronomy-drawings-match-nasa-images-today-2021-9">Astronomers</a> detected mysterious <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-developing-plan-to-build-radio-telescope-on-the-moon-2021-4">radio waves</a> from the center of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/milky-way-single-photo-12-years-constellations-supernova-2021-3">galaxy</a> that vary dramatically and seem to shut off at random.</li><li>The waves' origin is unknown, so they hint at the existence of a new type of celestial object.</li></ul>Mysterious <keyword id="12323603" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="radio-waves" source="Orion">radio waves</keyword> are emanating from the heart of our <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-hubble-space-telescope-spiral-galaxy-light-years-away-earth-2021-8">galaxy</a>, and astronomers don't know what's making them.All celestial objects emit radio waves - planets, stars, dead stars, and even asteroids. But researchers at the University of Sydney recently detected radio signals that do not match any known types. The waves, originating near the center of the <keyword id="12323604" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="milky-way" source="Orion">Milky Way</keyword>, don't seem to be coming from any kind of star, planet, or space rock that scientists have seen before.Even stranger, the strength of this signal has waxed and waned dramatically over just a few months. Most objects in the <keyword id="11921801" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="galaxy" source="Orion">galaxy</keyword>, by contrast, don't change much year to year - and therefore nor do their radio waves."The signal switches on and off apparently at random. We've never seen anything like it," Ziteng Wang, the lead author of the new study and a PhD student in physics at the University of Sydney, said in a <a href="https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2021/10/12/strange-radiowaves-galactic-centre-askap-j173608-2-321635.html">press release</a>.A paper describing the discovery was <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2360">published</a> Tuesday in The Astrophysical Journals. In it, Wang and his coauthors concluded that the mysterious source of this radio signal "may represent part of a new class of objects."<h2>The radio signal disappeared for months, reemerged suddenly, then vanished again</h2><div type="image" title="radio wave animation shows distant bright light sending intermittent spirals towards earth" height="640" width="640" msid="87060746" hostid="261"></div>Whatever the mysterious object is that's responsible for this phenomenon, it was emitting strong radio waves through most of 2020. The researchers detected six signals over nine months, using the ASKAP radio telescope in western Australia.After that, the team tried to find the object in visible light, but they came up empty-handed. They couldn't find it in X-ray or infrared light, either.So they switched back to radio waves, at first using Australia's Parkes radio telescope, but they lost the source of the signal and couldn't detect anything for a while. Then they turned to a different radio telescope - the MeerKAT observatory in South Africa - and observed the area for 15 minutes every few weeks.Finally, they caught the radio signal once more, but it disappeared in a single day. That was strange, since the six signals they'd caught with ASKAP had each lasted for weeks."This object was unique in that it started out invisible, became bright, faded away, and then reappeared. This behavior was extraordinary," Tara Murphy, a professor at the University of Sydney who is Wang's PhD supervisor, said in the release.Murphy and Wang are not talking about visual brightness - a "bright" radio signal is just a strong one."The brightness of the object also varies dramatically, by a factor of 100," Wang said in the release.In an email, Murphy told Insider "that is part of what makes it unusual.""Objects that are hot (e.g. stars) typically emit visible light, which is why we ruled out a normal star as one of the possible interpretations for this object," she wrote. "It could be a very very cool star that is too weak to detect the visible light from but has bright radio flares."The mysterious radio signal shares some traits with signals from a class of objects called "galactic center radio transients" that were discovered in the 2000s. But researchers don't know much about those objects either, except that they emit low-frequency, highly polarized radio waves with no detectable X-rays. Still, the new signal has properties that don't match those from the radio transients."We don't really understand those sources, anyway, so this adds to the mystery," Wang's co-supervisor, David Kaplan from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, said in the release.

Mysterious radio waves are radiating from an unknown object at the heart of the Milky Way, astronomers say

Have you ever contemplated just how small we really are? Well, the mesmerizing <keyword id="21654" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="video">video</keyword> below maps the known galaxies in our small slice of the universe, and shows just how small our home galaxy The <keyword id="67503" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="milky-way">Milky Way</keyword> actually is.
The video is made using data from the <a href="http://edd.ifa.hawaii.edu/">Extragalactic Distance Database</a>, and was recently <a href="http://www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/~cosmo/CosFlo13/CosFlo13.html">presented at a conference</a> in Marseille, France.
The <keyword id="92334" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Hubble">Hubble</keyword> <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">Space</keyword> Telescope estimates suggest there are a stunning <a href="//blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2012/10/10/how-many-galaxies-are-there-in-the-universe-the-redder-we-look-the-more-we-see/#.Ubs_sURRbFk">176 billion galaxies</a> in our universe, and billions of planets in the Milky Way alone. We can only observe a fraction of those; the rest is guesses and estimates.
For example, galaxies often occur in clusters, and the Local Cluster in which our own galaxy is located is relatively small, compared with the Southern Wall and Great Wall clusters that line the edges of the galactic sample in the video.
Our own corner of the universe is not even the busiest — the "Local Group" contains only 54 galaxies, while the nearby Virgo Cluster has over 1300.
There are also vast regions of empty space between these clusters — voids. The nearby Local Void is thought to be 150 million light years across. The larger Bootes Void is nearly <a href="http://genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov/educate/scimodule/Cosmogony/CosmogonyPDF/SpongyUniverseST.pdf">250 Million light years</a> across.
Galaxies, like rappers, have entourages of smaller galaxies that surround them. Our own Milky Way galaxy has an entourage, as does the nearby Andromeda galaxy.
Here are some of the more interesting bits, if you don't have time to watch the whole video, which is embedded at the end of the post:
First, at around 2:00, you see how many galaxies there are just in our immediate neighborhood. The blue dot below represents the Milky Way (you can barely see it, but it is in the center of those blue crosshairs).
<div class="image-container" style="width:800px"><div class="image">Vimeo</div></div>
Most of the galaxies near the Milky Way appear to exist on the same axis, and the grouping is referred to as the Local Sheet (3:25).<div class="image-container full" style="width:800px"><div class="image">Vimeo</div></div>Our own corner of the universe appears more significant than it actually is, because there is so much of the surrounding universe we simply cannot see. This may seem obvious, but this section of the video (around 7:30) shows just how small the Local Supercluster is compared with the Great Wall and Southern Wall featured at the furthest edges of the sample. 
<div class="image-container" style="width:800px"><div class="image">Vimeo</div></div>
The region known as the Great Attractor exerts an unusually strong gravitational pull over the bodies surrounding it (~14:00). The gravitational pull depicted here goes from black/dark purple in the low-gravity voids to deep red in the Great Attractor. The lines on the screen show the flow of galactic bodies from low- to high-gravity areas.<div class="image-container" style="width:800px"><div class="image">Vimeo</div></div>
Here is the whole video: 

<a href="http://vimeo.com/66641648">Cosmography of the Local Universe</a> from <a href="http://vimeo.com/pomarede">Daniel Pomarède</a> on <a href="http://vimeo.com">Vimeo</a>.

You Searched For "milky way" and got 12 results

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