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<keyword id="150671" type="POSITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="chief-of-defence-staff">Chief of Defence Staff</keyword> General <keyword id="2496903" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bipin-Rawat">Bipin Rawat</keyword> said on Monday that if diplomatic talks with China over the border issue fail, then military options are on the table. "The military option to deal with the transgressions by the Chinese is still on but will be considered only if the talks at the diplomatic and military level fail," said General Bipin Rawat. He however, refused to share what military options India is looking upon. The Chinese <keyword id="6358624" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="peoples-liberation-army">People's Liberation Army</keyword> (PLA) troops are sitting at various disputed and friction points along the <keyword id="49399" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Line-of-Actual-Control">Line of Actual Control</keyword> (LAC). They have refused to disengage since mid-July and have started construction work on those disputed junctions. Apart from that they have been raising unacceptable points before India. To deal with the emerging situation, Defence Minister <keyword id="6355121" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rajnath-Singh">Rajnath Singh</keyword> on Saturday held a meeting with National Security Advisor Ajit Doval and the top military brass to discuss the situation at the border with China. Talks between India and China remain deadlocked. India has to move around three additional formations to reinforce the border. Singh held the review meeting with Doval, Rawat and the three service chiefs on the prevailing situation at the LAC in Eastern Ladakh where Chinese troops are still camping. "The meeting happened for almost one-and-a-half-hours in South Block," said a source. The de-escalation of troops at the LAC has stopped for now as the disengagement talks between India and China have hit a roadblock. China has refused to move back from its present military position north of the Pangong Tso and Depsang. The PL) has refused to pull back eastwards from the 8-km stretch it has occupied from Finger-4 to Finger-8 by building scores of new fortifications there since early May. The mountain spurs jutting into the lake are referred to as Fingers in military parlance. China has also increased its troop deployment at Lipulekh, the place that became a trigger for strained relations between New Delhi and Kathmandu. Lipulekh is a tri-junction between India, Nepal and China situated atop the Kalapani Valley. China has changed the status quo on the LAC at various places. India has objected to it and is taking up the matter with China at all levels. Both the countries are locked in a more than three-month-long standoff at multiple points, hitherto unprecedented, along the border. During the meeting, it was also discussed that Beijing has started troop and material build-up in depth areas across the 3,488-km LAC. India has found that China has deployed troops, artillery and armour in three sectors of the LAC -- western (Ladakh), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal). SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/from-priyanka-gandhi-vadra-to-manmohan-singh-these-are-the-stated-views-of-congress-working-committee-members-on-sonia-gandhis-resignation/slidelist/77713740.cms">From Priyanka Gandhi Vadra to Manmohan Singh, these are the stated views of Congress Working Committee members on Sonia Gandhi's resignation</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/congress-working-committee-cwc-meeting-updates-decision-on-congress-new-president-sonia-gandhi-or-rahul-gandhi/articleshow/77717675.cms">Sonia Gandhi offers to quit, Manmohan Singh holds her back and Rahul Gandhi questions party leaders — the CWC meeting reveals the cracks in Congress</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/cognizant-says-it-will-spend-2-7-crore-to-restore-sebakkam-lake-and-help-natural-marshland-pallikaranai-wetland/articleshow/77716094.cms">Cognizant says it will spend ₹2.7 crore to restore one of India's last natural marshlands in Chennai</a>

Military options on the table if India-China talks fail says Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat

For the first time in 70 years, <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> has changed its posture towards <keyword id="1334" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="China">China</keyword>, unlike its previous defensive approach that placed a premium on fending on Chinese aggression, India is now catering military options to strike back and has reoriented its military accordingly. India has reoriented around 50,000 troops whose main focus will be the disputed border with China. Sources said that the Mathura-based 1 strike Corp, earlier tasked to cross the western borders into <keyword id="3001" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pakistan">Pakistan</keyword>, has been reoriented from its position to disputed border areas with China. In addition to this, in the Central Sector - the least disputed portion of the border running along with Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand to Nepal, deployment has also been strengthened with at least division level troops. A Division of the Indian Army has at least 10,000 troops. The Panagarh based Mountain Strike Corps has been assigned to the Eastern sector of the border. The XVII Mountain Strike Corps, also called the Brahmastra Corps, has been assigned to hit back along with the eastern sector when the need arises. The Mountain Strike Corps was cleared by the <keyword id="6356303" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Centre">Centre</keyword> about a decade ago but it had only one Division attached to it so far. The government is taking all requisite steps for strengthening of the Mountain Strike Corps. This reorientation of the troops will lessen the soldiers dedicated solely to Pakistan but at the same time, more acclimatized troops who can shift from the northern border to the western border with Pakistan will be available to Indian military planners. This gives the Indian defence establishment a higher level of maneuverability and flexibility vis-a-vis its neighbours. The reorientation comes when China is refurbishing its existing air-fields in Tibetan Plateau that will allow twin-engines fighter aircraft to be stationed, sources said. In addition, China has also brought troops from the Tibet Military region to the <keyword id="46500" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</keyword> region -- which largely extends from Karakoram pass to down south Uttarakhand. Further, they have deployed larger numbers of long range artillery and are rapidly building infrastructure in the Tibetan Plateau. So far 11 rounds of diplomatic and military level talks have taken place to resolve the border dispute. However, apart from de-escalation at Pangong Tso - a glacier at 14000 feet -- border dispute remains at other friction points like disputed areas at Gogra, Hot Springs, Demchok, and Depsang at Line of Actual Control in Eastern Ladakh. See Also - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/tiger-global-overtakes-sequoia-as-the-top-investor-in-indian-unicorns-in-2021-cracks-15-deals-this-year-so-far/articleshow/83912624.cms">Tiger Global overtakes Sequoia as the top investor in Indian unicorns in 2021</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/kims-ipo-listed-in-stock-market-at-over-20-premium/articleshow/83912694.cms">KIMS IPO: Stock listed at over 20% premium, loses initial gains after soaring to ₹1059 per share</a>

India reorients around 50,000 troops to focus on the disputed border with China

The seventh round of India and China military talks to resolve border disputes in Eastern Ladakh have ended in a deadlock. The de-escalation of forces at the Line of Actual Control (LAC) during winter is highly unlikely and both the countries have to provide huge logistics. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="78632960" title="Chinese PLA is reportedly rotating troops despite India's insistence on disengagement from friction points along the border" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> The military commander-level meeting between India and China took place for around 11 hours at Chushul on Sunday. The Indian Army has issued a statement saying the two sides had a sincere, in-depth and constructive exchange of views on disengagement along the LAC in the western sector of India-China border areas. "They were of the view that these discussions were positive, constructive and had enhanced understanding of each other's positions," the Indian Army said. The force also said that both sides agreed to maintain dialogue and communication through military and diplomatic channels, and arrive at a mutually acceptable solution for disengagement as early as possible. "Both sides agreed to earnestly implement the important understandings reached by the leaders of the two countries, not to turn differences into disputes, and jointly safeguard peace and tranquility in the border areas," the force said. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="78554233" title="Chinese Army will be using thermal shelters to fend off the sub-zero temperatures along the India-China border this winter" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> It was the seventh round of deliberations between both the countries' Corps Commander level officials. From the Indian side, Lieutenant General Harinder Singh, whose tenure ended as 14 Corps Commander on Monday, and his successor Lieutenant General P.G.K. Menon led the discussion. The Joint Secretary from the Ministry of External Affairs, Navin Srivastava, also attended the meeting. Temperatures at critical mountain peaks and passes along the disputed India-China border have dropped to minus 20-degree Celsius, throwing up a fresh challenge to the thousands of troops amassed by both the sides. On August 30, India had occupied critical mountain heights on the southern bank of the Pangong Lake like Rechin La, Rezang La, Mukpari and Tabletop that were unmanned till now. India has also made some deployments near the Blacktop. The movement was carried out after the Chinese side tried to make a provocative military move. Dominance at these 13 peaks now allows India to dominate the Spangur Gap under Chinese control and also the Moldo garrison on the Chinese side. PLA troops are adamant to resolve the situation first on the southern bank where Indian troops are in a position of strength tactically, but India wants a roadmap for de-escalation across Ladakh. India had strongly asserted that the LAC should be drawn out. India and China are engaged in a six-month-long standoff along the LAC. Despite several levels of dialogue, there has not been any breakthrough and the deadlock continues. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/infosys-announce-second-quarter-earnings-on-october-14/articleshow/78640964.cms">VanGuard deal will be the highlight of Infosys' second-quarter earnings as investors look for a hike in guidance</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/wipro-board-approves-9500-crore-share-buyback-plan/articleshow/78638511.cms">Wipro board approves ₹9,500 crore share buyback plan</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/oneplus-chinese-company-co-founder-carl-pei-exits-company-one-day-ahead-of-flagship-mobile-launch/articleshow/78634270.cms">OnePlus co-founder Carl Pei reportedly exits company one day ahead of flagship smartphone launch</a>

India-China remain in deadlock over border dispute even after seventh round of military talks

The current standoff was sparked when Indian troops confronted Chinese soldiers who were constructing a road in disputed territory that India claims as its own. There was no fire exchanged, but the incident was yet another example of China pushing its territorial confrontations with its neighbors as far as possible without reaching a violent breaking-point.
China and India share the world's longest disputed border, along which China has mounted occasional incursions in an effort to achieve a strategic advantage in the area. 

These border transgressions by China are part of a slow-rolling strategy that Brahma Chellaney, a professor of strategic studies at the Center of Policy Research in New Delhi, <a href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/int-brahma_chellaney/">describes as "salami slicing"</a> in The Japan Times.
China slowly infiltrates and takes control of a disputed border by a series of small maneuvers, a policy of limited steady steps to take and hold territory. This limits "the options of the targeted countries by confounding their deterrence plans and making it difficult for them to devise proportionate or effective counteractions," Brahma <a href="http://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/int-brahma_chellaney/">writes</a>. 
This slow, steady eating away at borders grants China a strategic advantage. No single action is cause enough for war. And by maintaining the strategic initiative, China can slowly push its borders further and further into disputed territory while maintaining a measure of deniability. 
According to Srikanth Kondapalli, a professor at Jawaharlal Nehru University who <a href="http://online.wsj.com/articles/chinas-president-xi-jinping-arrives-in-delhi-as-troops-face-off-at-india-china-border-1410968062">spoke to The Wall Street Journal, the strategy works</a>. Five years ago, the site where Chinese troops were building the disputed road was squarely considered to be in Indian territory.
Despite efforts at boosting economic ties between China and India - like this week's high-level summit - the two nations remain deeply suspicious of each other. The countries <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Indian_War">fought</a> a border war in 1962, and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/india-is-the-worlds-largest-arms-importer-2014-6#ixzz35IfLtiJn">India and China are the world's leading weapons importers</a>. And India has hosted Tibet's <a href="http://tibet.net/">government in exile</a> since 1959.
Aside from the slow infiltration of Chinese troops in disputed Himalayan territory, India has also been unnerved by China's growing development of military bases throughout the Indian Ocean. 
China has invested in port installations that can support the country's commercial and military activities in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. Indian General Deepak Kapoor, a former Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, has <a href="http://www.sipri.org/media/blogs/eps-blog/china-india-and-the-three-cs">referred</a> to this project as China's "string of pearls" surrounding India. 
China also pursues its "salami slicing" strategy at sea, where it has slowly expanded its maritime claims within the South and East China seas. This push has led to a<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-south-china-sea-graphic-2014-7"> rapid increase of hostilities</a> between China and its neighbors, including Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines, with at least one Chinese military professor believing that maritime-related tensions <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/michelle-florcruz-maritime-disputes-will-lead-to-world-war-iii-2014-9">could lead</a> to World War III. 
That might be a tad alarmist. But this week's confrontation between the two nations' armies occurred even as Indian and Chinese leaders were discussing the boosting of economic ties between the two nations. Even if their commercial relationship deepens, the world's two most populous countries still have huge points of contention with each other.

China Has Slowly And Quietly Been Seizing Disputed Territory Along Its Border With India

Amid tension at the borders, top Indian and Chinese military delegations will meet for the third time on Tuesday in Chushul in Leh district, sources said The meeting will begin at 10:30 a.m. on Tuesday morning. "This time the talks will be held in Chushul on the Indian side. The last two meetings were held in Moldo on the Chinese side," said sources, adding that the agenda of the meeting would be to take forward the proposals made by both the countries for disengagement. "All contentious areas during the current standoff will be discussed to stabilise the situation," sources added. The last two meetings at the Corp Commander level were held on June 6 and June 22. On June 22, talks took place between Indian and Chinese military delegates for around 11 hours. The dialogue was held in a cordial, positive and constructive atmosphere and there was "mutual consensus to disengage". "Modalities for disengagement from all friction areas in eastern Ladakh were discussed," the Indian Army had stated. The meeting between 14 Corps Commander Lieutenant General Harinder Singh and South Xinjiang Military District chief Major General Liu Lin happened on the lines of the one they held at the Chushul-Moldo border personnel meeting (BPM) point in eastern Ladakh on June 6. Also, Major General-level dialogue took place for three consecutive days after the violent clash at Patrolling Point 14 in Galwan Valley on June 15 left 20 Indian soldiers dead. The three-day talks were carried out to ease the tense situation and to get 10 Indian soldiers released, including four officers, who were in Chinese captivity. Major General Abhijit Bapat, who is the Commander of the 3 Division of the Indian Army, had raised several points with the Chinese with regard to the incident on the intervening night of June 15/16. The clash occurred at the South bank of Galwan river, which flows in an east-west direction before its confluence with Shayok river, in which 20 Indian soldiers were killed by the Chinese People's Liberation Army troops. Those were the first casualties faced by the Indian Army in a clash with the People's Liberation Army since 1975 when an Indian patrol was ambushed by Chinese troops in Arunachal Pradesh. Sources said that Indian Army troopers were outnumbered by 1:5 ratio when they came under attack from the PLA soldiers at Patrolling Point 14 along the Line of Actual Control in eastern Ladakh. "The numbers were stacked up against the Indian Army troopers. Yet, the Indian side decided to fight the PLA troopers. The Indian soldiers were outnumbered 1:5 by the Chinese troopers," sources said. China is also said to have used thermal imaging drones to trace the Indian Army soldiers scattered on the treacherous terrain before brutally attacking them.

India-China military delegates meet for a third time to resolve border issues

China is seeking to set up more robust logistics in about a dozen countries, including three in India's neighbourhood, to allow its army to project and sustain its power at greater distances, a <keyword id="6362444" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="pentagon">Pentagon</keyword> report has said. In addition to the three Indian neighbours -- Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Myanmar -- the other countries where China is considering to base its military logistics and infrastructure are Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Seychelles, Tanzania, Angola, and Tajikistan, the report said on Tuesday. In its annual report "Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China (PRC) 2020" that was submitted to the US Congress on Tuesday, the Pentagon said these potential <keyword id="95524" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chinese-military">Chinese military</keyword> logistics facilities are in addition to the Chinese military base in Djibouti, which is aimed at supporting naval, air and ground forces projection. "A global PLA (Peoples Liberation Army) military logistics network could both interfere with US military operations and support offensive operations against the United States as the PRC's global military objectives evolve," the Pentagon said in the report. China has probably already made overtures to Namibia, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands, it said, adding the known focus areas of PLA planning are along the Seal Lines of Communication from China to the Strait of Hormuz, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. Similarly, the Pentagon said, Beijing uses One Belt One Road (OBOR) to support its strategy of national rejuvenation by seeking to expand global transportation and trade linkages to support its development and deepen its economic integration with nations along its periphery and beyond. "OBOR projects associated with pipelines and port construction in Pakistan intend to decrease China's reliance on transporting energy resources through strategic chokepoints, such as the Strait of Malacca," it said. China leverages OBOR to invest in projects along China's western and southern periphery to improve stability and diminish threats along its borders, the report said. First announced in 2013, China's OBOR initiative is a signature foreign and economic policy advanced by President Xi Jinping. According to the Pentagon, a global PLA military logistics network could both interfere with the US military operations and support offensive operations against the United States as the Chinese global military objectives evolve. "Host nations can perform an essential role in regulating the PRC's military operations as Chinese officials very likely recognise that a stable long-term relationship with the host nation is critical to the success of their military logistics facilities," it said. Chinese military academics assert that bases abroad can enable forward deployment of its forces and support military conflict, diplomatic signalling, political change, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and training. They also suggest that a military logistic network could enable intelligence monitoring of the US military. In August 2017, China officially opened its first military base in Djibouti. Chinese Navy Marines are stationed at the base with wheeled armoured vehicles and artillery but are currently dependent on nearby commercial ports due to the lack of a pier on base, the report said. Chinese personnel at the facility have interfered with US flights by lasing pilots and flying drones, and China has sought to restrict Djiboutian sovereign airspace over the base, the report said.

Chinese military is expanding its network into at least another dozen countries, according to the US Department of Defense

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Indian and Chinese troops came to blows last month in a disputed area along their mutual border in what was the deadliest such clash in more than 40 years.</li><li>The disputed northern border has been a source of tension for decades and will remain so, but growing rifts between <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> and <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> mean the <keyword id="12350" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Indian-Ocean">Indian Ocean</keyword> will likely grow as an area of competition as well.</li></ul>Clashes in June between India and China high in the western Himalayas saw <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amid-border-dispute-tensions-how-china-and-india-militaries-compare-2020-6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the first deadly encounter</a> between their forces there in four decades. Both sides appear to be disengaging, and India's northern border, parts of which are in dispute with Pakistan and China, will remain a point of focus for its military.But India's southern maritime approaches, where increasing Chinese naval activity was already a concern, may gain even more attention from New Delhi in the wake of those clashes."On the military side, I think we have to stay on guard. The situation is very fragile, even tenuous," former Indian Foreign Secretary Nirupama Rao, also former Indian ambassador to China and the US, said at an <a href="https://asiasociety.org/policy-institute/events/webcast-crossing-precipice-india-china-border-clash" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Asia Society Policy Institute event</a> this week."Diplomatically, [India has to] keep our channels open with China, but at the same time, obviously, seek possibilities of closer convergence with friends and partners in the Indo-Pacific."China is "clearly seeking to improve strategic advantage for itself through naval outreach and construction of ports and facilities," in that region, Rao added. "We know that, and all these [facilities] have clear military potential. So we need to leverage our assets, in the Indian Ocean region particularly, better."<h2>Wary of China's active navy</h2><div type="image" title="India navy ship vessel Philippines" height="3262" width="4919" msid="76902499" hostid="261"></div>Like other countries, India has watched Chinese activity in the Indian Ocean warily, especially since a 2014 visit by Chinese submarines to Sri Lanka, where <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/indias-concern-with-beijing-expansion-grows-with-sri-lanka-port-deal-2017-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Beijing's growing influence</a> has concerned India and others.India's navy said in 2015 that it overlooks "strategic sea lanes" that link the country's "security and prosperity inextricably to the seas." The recent reorientation <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amid-simmering-tension-with-china-india-is-increasing-naval-strength-2017-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">has been called</a> "a tectonic shift in India's security calculus."India has long sought to retain independence in <keyword id="6356001" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="international">international</keyword> affairs, but increasingly contentious relations with China have affected that thinking.A <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tensions-between-china-and-india-continue-year-after-doklam-standoff-2018-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">73-day standoff</a> between China and India in Doklam, a disputed area in the eastern Himalayas, in summer 2017 "clarified for India that signing, for example, some information-sharing agreements with the US could actually benefit India," Tanvi Madan, an expert on India at the Brookings Institution, said <a href="https://www.newstatesman.com/world/2020/06/podcast-india-china-us-triangle" target="_blank" rel="noopener">on a recent episode</a> of the New Statesman's World Review podcast."India during Doklam saw the benefits of some of the capabilities that it had acquired from the US — the P-8I maritime surveillance aircraft, which flew right up to the India-China boundary for reconnaissance during that [standoff]," Madan said. "So you see then a decision, for example, to buy more of those."<div type="image" title="India navy Boeing P-8I Neptune anti-submarine maritime aircraft" height="521" width="1000" msid="76902501" hostid="261"></div>Since Doklam, those <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-china-more-us-made-sub-hunting-planes-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">P-8I aircraft</a> have been more active in the Indian Ocean, where the Indian navy <a href="https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/will-the-india-china-border-conflict-lead-to-a-naval-war/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">is working</a> to increase its capabilities and to keep an eye on Chinese warships.Indian officials have previously announced <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-is-beefing-up-its-navy-to-counter-chinas-powerful-fleet-2018-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">intentions to dramatically expand</a> its navy, and this month, New Delhi said it would buy <a href="https://www.defensenews.com/global/asia-pacific/2020/07/06/india-accelerates-weapons-purchases-in-wake-of-border-clash-with-china/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$5.5 billion</a> in weaponry. Much of it is for the army and air force, reflecting continued emphasis on the land border, but navy projects include spare parts for Kilo-class submarines and other Russian-built warships.In the wake of Doklam, India also signed <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-india-boosts-maritime-reach-with-seychelles-pact-to-build-naval-facilities-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a 20-year pact</a> with the Seychelles to build naval infrastructure there. In late 2018, India and the US signed a communications agreement <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-india-comcasa-deal-improves-ability-to-communicate-and-track-subs-2018-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">allowing closer coordination</a> of military operations such as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-us-and-india-practiced-hunting-subs-in-the-indian-ocean-2019-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tracking subs</a>.India has been <a href="https://www.deccanherald.com/national/india-japan-to-ink-pact-to-share-military-logistics-781355.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">in talks</a> with Japan on a military mutual logistics support deal, which New Delhi already <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/india-australia-sign-deal-military-bases-200604083007978.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">agreed to</a> with Australia and <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/lemoa-already-fully-operational/article24904359.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener">with the US</a>."India's maritime enthusiasm and the Indo-Pacific approach is fairly recent. Many of these partnerships and engagements are foundational, but due to the absence of an active maritime-focused policies in the last decades, these agreements/partnerships are important," Darshana​ Baruah, an expert on the Indian Ocean at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said in an email.<h2>Using maritime leverage</h2><div type="image" title="India runway Port Blair Andaman Nicobar Islands" height="903" width="1400" msid="76902503" hostid="261"></div>The weeks since the clashes in Ladakh have seen more calls for India to put that navy to use.At the end of June, Sujan Chinoy, a former Indian diplomat, <a href="https://idsa.in/policybrief/strategic-potential-andaman-nicobar-sujanchinoy-260620" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recommended</a> "opening up" the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/r-india-navy-set-to-open-third-base-in-strategic-islands-to-counter-china-2019-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a> in the Bay of Bengal to "friendly navies," incluing the US, Japan, and Australia, "to promote greater naval cooperation."India's chief of naval staff, Adm. Karambir Singh, <a href="https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/india-china-geostrategy-indian-ocean-region-strait-of-malacca-indian-and-chinese-navy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">has said</a> the navy told the government it could act in the Malacca Straits, which connect the Indian and Pacific oceans, in response to tension on the northern border. And this month, a former chief of naval staff, retired Adm. Arun Prakash, <a href="https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/india-china-navy-maritime-strategy-conflict-indian-ocean-south-china-sea-trade-choke-points" target="_blank" rel="noopener">suggested</a> using that "maritime leverage" to add "weight to India's negotiating position."India has also engaged more with partners, which it has been historically cautious about doing. In June, India <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-to-take-a-call-on-australias-inclusion-in-malabar-exercises-with-japan-us/article32034664.ece" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said it was open</a> to Australia joining this year's Malabar naval exercises as an observer, something New Delhi has hesitated to do for years.Recent tensions "will likely underscore to strategists in New Delhi and Beijing that they should be prepared for sustained competition across domains, and that India cannot take for granted its partnerships in the region," Joshua White, a professor of South Asia Studies at Johns Hopkins University, said in an email.<div type="image" title="US Navy aircraft carrier Indian Ocean Malabar" height="714" width="1000" msid="76902505" hostid="261"></div>"The decision to use India's advantage at sea is completely political and will depend on Delhi's political appetite," Baruah said. "There most certainly is an advantage and a role to be played, which can be maximized in collaboration with India's Indo-Pacific partners."Logistics exchanges and the use of Indian Ocean islands are just a few potential areas of collaboration, and India is likely to pursue a combination of them, Baruah said. Partnering with the US and others in the region offers "options to maximise some of [India's] advantage in the maritime domain."India has long valued strategic autonomy, and while it's likely to seek to retain some of that freedom, there's reason to think it will work more closely with an international coalition to counter an increasingly aggressive China, <a href="https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/china-india-border-conflict-strategic-shift-by-shashi-tharoor-2020-07" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to Shashi Tharoor, a former Indian minister of state for external affairs.Baruah expected an increase in maritime cooperation either way."What I hope is that [the] Ladakh issue has highlighted the maritime option available to India," Baruah said. "I hope this provides a chance to raise the urgency to clear some of the bureaucratic challenges in recognizing the role of the navy and maritime partnerships in India's strategic and security interests."

India's deadly mountain-top showdown with China could lead to more military activity at sea

<ul><li>India and China have agreed to resolve the border dispute along <keyword id="9262087" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-line-of-actual-control">the Line of Actual Control</keyword> (LAC) through bilateral means. </li><li>The both sides held talks between senior level military officers on Saturday, June 6.</li><li>The negotiations took place at the Border Personnel Meeting Point in Maldo on the Chinese side of the Line of Actual Control in Chushul sector. </li></ul>Indian and Chinese military commanders agreed to peacefully resolve the <keyword id="9359015" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="current-border-issue">current border issue</keyword> in <keyword id="2572623" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="eastern-Ladakh">eastern Ladakh</keyword> in accordance with <keyword id="1103429" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="bilateral-pacts">bilateral pacts</keyword> as well as the agreement reached between leadership of the two countries, <keyword id="9284269" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-external-affairs-ministry">the External Affairs Ministry</keyword> said on Sunday. The two sides held high-level military talks on Saturday in an attempt to resolve the month-long bitter standoff in mountainous eastern Ladakh. "Both sides agreed to peacefully resolve the situation in the border areas in accordance with various bilateral agreements and keeping in view the agreement between the leaders that peace and tranquillity in the India-China border regions is essential for the overall development of bilateral relations, the MEA said in a brief statement. The military talks took place at the Border Personnel Meeting Point in Maldo on the Chinese side of the Line of Actual Control in Chushul sector. "Both sides also noted that this year marked the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries and agreed that an early resolution would contribute to the further development of the relationship," the MEA said. "Accordingly, the two sides will continue the military and diplomatic engagements to resolve the situation and to ensure peace and tranquillity in the border areas," it said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/china-is-a-bully-says-us-representative-on-india-china-border-issue/articleshow/76147159.cms">China is a ‘bully’ says US Representative on India-China border issue</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/experts-believe-that-the-india-china-border-dispute-is-unlikely-to-turn-into-another-war-like-the-one-in-1962/articleshow/76128454.cms">India and China are testing each other at the Ladakh border— but it won’t be another war like in 1962, according to experts</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/india-china-border-dispute-beijing-sends-more-troops/articleshow/76060995.cms">China is reportedly adding troops on the Ladakh border⁠ and India is matching up to it</a>

India-China border dispute to be resolved through talks, says MEA

India on Monday insisted on restoration of status quo ante of April and comprehensive disengagement of troops by China from all the friction points in eastern Ladakh to resolve the border standoff, government sources said, as the two countries held a seventh round of military talks. The Corps commander-level talks began at around 12 noon in Chushul on the Indian side of the <keyword id="49399" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Line-of-Actual-Control">Line of Actual Control</keyword> (LAC) in eastern Ladakh and continued beyond 8:30 PM, they said. As the border standoff entered the sixth month, an early resolution to the row appeared dim with close to 100,000 Indian and Chinese troops remaining deployed in the high-altitude region and showing readiness for a long-haul. There is no official word on the talks yet but sources said the agenda was to finalise a roadmap for disengagement of troops from all the friction points. The Indian delegation is led by Lt Gen Harinder Singh, the commander of the Leh-based 14 Corps, and includes Naveen Srivastava, Joint Secretary (East Asia) in the Ministry of External Affairs(MEA). It is learnt an official of the Chinese foreign ministry is also part of the Chinese delegation. The sources said India pressed for an early and complete disengagement of troops by China from all the friction points besides demanding immediate restoration of status quo ante in all areas of eastern Ladakh prior to April. The standoff began on May 5. The China Study Group (CSG) comprising Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, Chief of Defence Staff Gen Bipin Rawat and the three service chiefs on Friday finalised India's strategy for the military talks. The CSG is India's key policy making body on China. Ahead of the talks, sources said India will also strongly oppose any demand by China for withdrawal of Indian troops from several strategic heights on the southern bank of the Pangong lake to kick-start the disengagement process. During the sixth round of Corps commander talks on September 21, the Chinese People's Liberation Army(PLA) insisted on withdrawal of troops by the Indian Army from several strategic heights in Mukhpari, Rezang La and Magar hill areas around the southern bank of Pangong lake. Indian troops had occupied the strategic heights after the PLA soldiers attempted to intimidate them in the southern bank of Pangong lake on the intervening night of August 29 and 30. India has been maintaining that the disengagement process has to start simultaneously at all the friction points. At the talks, the two sides were expected to further explore steps to maintain stability on the ground and avoid any action that may trigger fresh tension in the region where troops from the Indian army and the PLA will be facing difficult conditions in the next four months due to harsh winter, the sources said. Following the sixth round of military talks, the two sides announced a slew of decisions including not to send more troops to the frontline, refrain from unilaterally changing the situation on the ground and avoid taking any actions that may further complicate matters. The military talks were held with a specific agenda of exploring ways to implement a five-point agreement reached between Jaishankar and his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi at a meeting in Moscow on September 10 on the sidelines of a Shanghai Cooperation Organisation(SCO) conclave. The pact included measures like quick disengagement of troops, avoiding action that could escalate tensions, adherence to all agreements and protocols on border management and steps to restore peace along the LAC. Days after the military talks, the two sides held diplomatic parleys under the framework of the Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) on border affairs, but no concrete outcome emerged from the negotiations on September 30. After the diplomatic talks, the MEA said it was agreed that the next round of the meeting of senior commanders should be held at an early date so that both sides can work towards an early and complete disengagement of the troops along the LAC in accordance with the existing bilateral agreement and protocols. Naveen Srivastava, who has been leading the Indian side at the WMCC talks, also attended the military parleys on September 21 for the first time. It is Lt Gen Singh's last round of talks with the PLA in the current standoff as he is due to take charge as head of the prestigious Indian Military Academy(IMA) this week. His successor at the 14 Corps Lt Gen PGK Menon is also part of the Indian delegation. At the previous six rounds of military talks, the Indian side insisted on complete disengagement of Chinese troops at the earliest, and immediate restoration of status quo ante in all areas of eastern Ladakh prior to April. The situation in eastern Ladakh deteriorated following at least three attempts by the Chinese soldiers to "intimidate" Indian troops along the northern and southern bank of Pangong lake area between August 29 and September 8 where even shots were fired in the air for the first time at the LAC in 45 years. As tensions escalated further, the foreign ministers of India and China held talks in Moscow on September 10 where they reached a five-point agreement to defuse the situation in eastern Ladakh. The agreement was the basis for the sixth round of Corps commander-level talks. In the last three months, the Indian Army rushed tanks, heavy weaponry, ammunition, fuel, food and essential winter supplies to various treacherous and high-altitude areas of the region to maintain combat readiness through the harsh winter of around four months starting around mid-October. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/china-launches-earth-observation-satellite-amid-border-tensions-with-india/articleshow/78613147.cms">China launches Earth observation satellite amid border tensions with India</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/massive-power-cut-reported-across-mumbai-discom-points-finger-at-tatas/articleshow/78613787.cms">Massive power cut across Mumbai due to grid failure —electricity restored in certain areas</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/policy/economy/news/sitharaman-offers-states-12000-crore-interest-free-for-the-next-50-years-if-they-can-spend-it-on-capital-projects-by-march-2021/articleshow/78616741.cms">Sitharaman offers states ₹12,000 crore interest-free for the next 50 years if they can spend it on capital projects by March 2021</a>

You Searched For "military options india china border" and got 9 results

Military options on the table if India-China talks fail says Chief of Defence Staff General Bipin Rawat

IANS

India reorients around 50,000 troops to focus on the disputed border with China

IANS

India-China remain in deadlock over border dispute even after seventh round of military talks

IANS

China Has Slowly And Quietly Been Seizing Disputed Territory Along Its Border With India

Jeremy Bender

India-China military delegates meet for a third time to resolve border issues

IANS

Chinese military is expanding its network into at least another dozen countries, according to the US Department of Defense

PTI

India's deadly mountain-top showdown with China could lead to more military activity at sea

Christopher Woody

India-China border dispute to be resolved through talks, says MEA

PTI

India insists China disengages from all friction points along LAC at 7th round of military talks

PTI

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