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Deviations in current good manufacturing practice norms laid down by the American health regulator has prompted <keyword id="45004" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Wockhardt">Wockhardt</keyword> to recall over 50 lakh bottles of various drugs, used for treating ailments like high blood pressure and ulcer, in the US market. As per the information available on the <keyword id="6356255" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="US-Food-and-Drug-Administration">US Food and Drug Administration</keyword>'s (USFDA), Mumbai-based Wockhardt is recalling the drugs for current good manufacturing practice (CGMP) deviations. 

	"Firm did not adequately investigate customer complaints," the USFDA said. 
 All the drugs being recalled by the company have been manufactured at its Mumbai-based facility and distributed in the US by its subsidiary, <keyword id="1063648" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Wockhardt-USA">Wockhardt USA</keyword>. The company is recalling over 5.47 lakh bottles of Amlodipine Besylate tablets, used for treating high blood pressure, in various strengths. It is also recalling over 6.32 lakh bottles of <keyword id="1402610" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="Lisinopril">Lisinopril</keyword> tablets, which is also used to treat hypertension. Besides, the company is also recalling over 4.86 lakh bottles, over 15,000 cartons and over 800 pouches of blood pressure lowering drug <keyword id="1052434" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="metoprolol">Metoprolol</keyword> succinate extended-release tablets in the US market. 

	Further, it is is also recalling over 4.8 lakh bottles of Captopril tablets, used to lower blood pressure in various strengths in the US market. 
 

	The company is also recalling over 2 lakh bottles and 848 pouches of lansoprazole tablets, used to treat ulcers stomach and intestinal ulcers. It is also recalling over 7.33 lakh bottles of Famotidine tablets in the US market. 
 

	Wockhardt is recalling over 3.77 lakh bottles of Zolpidem tartrate tablets, used to treat insomnia. It is also recalling over 5.78 lakh bottles, 571 pouches and 1,62,953 cartons of antibiotic drug azithromycin tablets. 
 

	The company is also recalling over 6.43 lakh bottles of epilepsy drug zonisamide capsules. Wockhardt is also recalling 59,729 bottles of clarithromycin tablets, over 4 lakh bottles of tamsulosin hydrochloride capsules and 53,894 bottles of extended Phenytoin Sodium capsules. 
 

	Wockhardt is also recalling 5,910 bottles of lamotrigine extended-release tablets. 
 

	The recalls have been classified as 'Class-II' by the FDA, which is defined as "a situation in which use of or exposure to a violative product may cause temporary or medically reversible adverse health consequences or where the probability of serious adverse health consequences is remote".
 

	Last month, Wockhardt had recalled 1,62,142 cartons of various drugs in the US market. 

	 
	 
	(Image credits: Indiatimes)

New american norms force Wockhardt to withdraw over 50 lakh bottles of drugs

<ul class="summary-list"><li>You may have white spots on your nails if you have a fungal infection or a mineral deficiency.</li><li>Getting manicures also cause white spots, since electric files can damage the surface of your nail.</li></ul>You may be concerned if you see white spots appearing on your nails, but they usually aren't anything to worry about. White spots, also called leukonychia, can have a variety of causes, including damage to your nail plate, certain medications, or a fungal infection.Here are six reasons why white spots might appear on your nails and how you can treat them.<h2>1. Damage from manicures</h2>Getting your nails done can damage the skin underneath your nail, called the nailbed."This type of damage can occur <a href="https://www.insider.com/the-signs-to-spot-a-bad-manicure-or-pedicure-2021-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">during a manicure</a> if your manicurist isn't gentle enough when grooming the nail with sharp tools," says <a href="https://www.shaferplasticsurgery.com/dendy-engelman-md-facms-faad/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dendy Engelman, MD</a>, a board certified cosmetic dermatologist at the Shafer Clinic, NYC.For example, "overuse of an electric file or aggressively pushing back the cuticles using a metal tool can damage the nail," says <a href="http://www.michelegreenmd.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Michele Green, MD</a>, a board certified cosmetic dermatologist with a private practice in NYC. White spots can also be the result of repeated trauma to the nail bed — this means that getting manicures too often can cause spots, even if there isn't a significant injury, says Engelman.Manicure damage can also make your nails crack, peel, or become brittle.How to treat it: The best way to treat nail damage is just letting the nail grow out, Green says. It's also best to seek out nail technicians that are trained in applying and removing nail enhancements without damaging the nail bed.<h2>2. Fungal infection</h2>Another common cause of white spots on your nails is fungal infections. These happen when microbes from the environment get in through small cracks in your nails or the surrounding skin.According to Green, you should take these steps to prevent nail fungus:<ul><li>Wash your feet and hands thoroughly and dry completely.</li><li>Change your socks daily.</li><li>Be sure to wear shoes that are well fitted, ventilated, and not too tight.</li><li>Seek out nail salons that are clean and that sterilize or discard their instruments after each client.</li><li>Avoid walking barefoot in public spaces like the gym locker room.</li></ul>Other signs that you have a fungal infection include your nail cracking, growing thicker, or turning yellow or brown.How to treat it: To <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/nail-infections.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">treat a fungal infection</a>, your doctor will likely prescribe oral antifungal medication. Fungal infections clear up slowly, so it can take several months for your nail to heal completely. In more severe cases, your doctor may have to completely remove the nail.<h2>3. Mineral deficiency</h2><a href="https://dermnetnz.org/topics/white-nail" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Some experts</a> say that white spots on your nails may be a sign that you're deficient in minerals like <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/calcium-deficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">calcium</a> or <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/zinc-deficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">zinc</a>."Because the nail plate is made of a variety of nutrients in certain proportions, a deficiency in nutrients can show on the nails," Green says.But <a href="https://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/body-mind-spirit/hair-skin-nails/worried-about-white-spots-on-fingernails/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">other experts</a> dispute this idea and say that the spots are more likely to be from a minor injury. More research is needed to determine what the truth is.There are several more reliable signs that you have a mineral deficiency, including:<ul><li><a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hypocalcemia-low-level-of-calcium-in-the-blood" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Low calcium</a> levels can cause:<ul><li>Dry skin</li><li>Brittle nails</li><li>Muscle cramps</li><li>Coarse hair</li><li>Memory loss</li></ul></li><li><a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/zinc-deficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Low zinc</a> levels can cause:<ul><li>Hair loss</li><li>More frequent infections like the common cold</li><li>Decreased appetite</li><li>Slower wound healing</li><li>Diarrhea</li><li>Irritability</li></ul></li></ul><h2>4. Certain medications</h2><a href="https://dermnetnz.org/topics/drug-induced-nail-disease" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Some medications</a> can interrupt your nail growth or damage your nail beds, causing white lines to appear across the nail.Many different drugs can interrupt your nail growth including:<ul><li>Chemotherapy drugs for <a href="https://www.insider.com/subtle-signs-of-cancer-2018-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cancer</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/beauty/retinol-faqs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Retinoids</a>, which are used to treat <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/beauty/what-causes-acne" target="_blank" rel="noopener">acne</a></li><li>Some <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/treatments/how-long-does-it-take-for-antibiotics-to-work" target="_blank" rel="noopener">antibiotics</a>, including sulfonamides and cloxacillin</li><li>Lithium</li><li>Anticonvulsant drugs like carbamazepine</li><li>Antifungals like itraconazole</li><li>Some <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/conditions-symptoms/high-blood-pressure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blood pressure</a> medications like metoprolol</li></ul>These medications can also cause symptoms like slow nail growth, nail thinning, and brittleness.How to treat it: There is no treatment for drug-induced nail spots, but you can talk to your doctor about switching to another medication.<h2>5. Heavy metal poisoning</h2>In rare cases, white spots can be a sign that you've come into contact with toxic <a href="https://dermnetnz.org/topics/white-nail" target="_blank" rel="noopener">heavy metals like thallium and arsenic</a>. This can happen if you eat contaminated foods or breathe in industrial fumes.<ul><li>Arsenic poisoning can cause white bands called Mees' lines to develop across your nails, along with:</li><ul><li>Headaches</li><li>Drowsiness</li><li>Confusion</li><li>Diarrhea and vomiting</li><li>Fever</li><li>Low blood pressure</li></ul><li>Thallium poisoning can also <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/410601" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cause Mees' lines</a>, along with symptoms like:</li><ul><li>Nausea or vomiting</li><li>Abdominal pain</li><li>Extreme drowsiness</li><li>Hair loss</li><li>Nerve pain</li><li>Seizures</li></ul></ul>If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor as soon as possible.<h2>6. Inflammatory diseases</h2>Although less common than white spots on the nails resulting from damage, some inflammatory conditions can cause them, too. These include <a href="https://www.insider.com/jada-pinkett-smith-alopecia-causes-symptoms-hair-loss-disease-2022-3">alopecia,</a> <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/conditions-symptoms/eczema-vs-psoriasis">psoriasis,</a> and eczema.<h2>Insider's takeaway</h2>There are many different reasons why white spots might appear on your nails, including injuries, heavy metal poisoning, or fungal infection.But in most cases, there's no need to be alarmed —"it is very common, and the cause is most likely easily treatable, or will go away on its own," Engelman says."See your doctor and/or dermatologist to learn what might be causing the white spots, and how to get rid of them," says Engelman.

6 reasons why there are white spots on your nails and how to avoid them

You may be concerned if you see <keyword id="13197939" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="white-spots" source="Orion">white spots</keyword> appearing on your nails, but they usually aren't anything to worry about. White spots, also called leukonychia, can have a variety of causes, including damage to your nail plate, certain medications, or a fungal infection.<ul class="summary-list"><li>You may have white spots on your nails if you have a fungal infection or a mineral deficiency.</li><li>Getting manicures also cause white spots, since electric files can damage the surface of your nail.</li><li>White spots can also be a symptom of retinoids, antibiotics, or blood pressure medications.</li></ul>Here are five reasons why white spots might appear on your nails and how you can treat them.<h2>1. Damage from manicures</h2>Getting your nails done can damage the skin underneath your nail, called the nailbed."This type of damage can occur <a href="https://www.insider.com/the-signs-to-spot-a-bad-manicure-or-pedicure-2021-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">during a manicure</a> if your manicurist isn't gentle enough when grooming the nail with sharp tools," says <a href="https://www.shaferplasticsurgery.com/dendy-engelman-md-facms-faad/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dendy Engelman, MD</a>, a board certified cosmetic dermatologist at the Shafer Clinic, NYC.For example, "overuse of an electric file or aggressively pushing back the cuticles using a metal tool can damage the nail," says <a href="http://www.michelegreenmd.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Michele Green, MD</a>, a board certified cosmetic dermatologist with a private practice in NYC. White spots can also be the result of repeated trauma to the nail bed — this means that getting manicures too often can cause spots, even if there isn't a significant injury, says Engelman.Manicure damage can also make your nails crack, peel, or become brittle.How to treat it: The best way to treat nail damage is just letting the nail grow out, Green says. It's also best to seek out nail technicians that are trained in applying and removing nail enhancements without damaging the nail bed.<h2>2. Fungal infection</h2>Another common cause of white spots on your nails is fungal infections. These happen when microbes from the environment get in through small cracks in your nails or the surrounding skin.According to Green, you should take these steps to prevent nail fungus:<ul><li>Wash your feet and hands thoroughly and dry completely.</li><li>Change your socks daily.</li><li>Be sure to wear shoes that are well fitted, ventilated, and not too tight.</li><li>Seek out nail salons that are clean and that sterilize or discard their instruments after each client.</li><li>Avoid walking barefoot in public spaces like the gym locker room.</li></ul>Other signs that you have a fungal infection include your nail cracking, growing thicker, or turning yellow or brown.How to treat it: To <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/nail-infections.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">treat a fungal infection</a>, your doctor will likely prescribe oral antifungal medication. Fungal infections clear up slowly, so it can take several months for your nail to heal completely. In more severe cases, your doctor may have to completely remove the nail.<h2>3. Mineral deficiency</h2><a href="https://dermnetnz.org/topics/white-nail" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Some experts</a> say that white spots on your nails may be a sign that you're deficient in minerals like <a href="https://www.insider.com/calcium-deficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">calcium</a> or <a href="https://www.insider.com/zinc-deficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">zinc</a>."Because the nail plate is made of a variety of nutrients in certain proportions, a deficiency in nutrients can show on the nails," Green says.But <a href="https://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/body-mind-spirit/hair-skin-nails/worried-about-white-spots-on-fingernails/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">other experts</a> dispute this idea and say that the spots are more likely to be from a minor injury. More research is needed to determine what the truth is.There are several more reliable signs that you have a mineral deficiency, including:<ul><li><a href="https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/electrolyte-balance/hypocalcemia-low-level-of-calcium-in-the-blood" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Low calcium</a> levels can cause:<ul><li>Dry skin</li><li>Brittle nails</li><li>Muscle cramps</li><li>Coarse hair</li><li>Memory loss</li></ul></li><li><a href="https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/zinc-deficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Low zinc</a> levels can cause:<ul><li>Hair loss</li><li>More frequent infections like the common cold</li><li>Decreased appetite</li><li>Slower wound healing</li><li>Diarrhea</li><li>Irritability</li></ul></li></ul><h2>4. Certain medications</h2><a href="https://dermnetnz.org/topics/drug-induced-nail-disease" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Some medications</a> can interrupt your nail growth or damage your nail beds, causing white lines to appear across the nail.Many different drugs can interrupt your nail growth including:<ul><li>Chemotherapy drugs for <a href="https://www.insider.com/subtle-signs-of-cancer-2018-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cancer</a> </li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/beauty/retinol-faqs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Retinoids</a>, which are used to treat <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-causes-acne" target="_blank" rel="noopener">acne</a></li><li>Some <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-long-does-it-take-for-antibiotics-to-work" target="_blank" rel="noopener">antibiotics</a>, including sulfonamides and cloxacillin</li><li>Lithium</li><li>Anticonvulsant drugs like carbamazepine</li><li>Antifungals like itraconazole</li><li>Some <a href="https://www.insider.com/high-blood-pressure" target="_blank" rel="noopener">blood pressure</a> medications like metoprolol</li></ul>These medications can also cause symptoms like slow nail growth, nail thinning, and brittleness.How to treat it: There is no treatment for drug-induced nail spots, but you can talk to your doctor about switching to another medication.<h2>5. Heavy metal poisoning</h2>In rare cases, white spots can be a sign that you've come into contact with toxic <a href="https://dermnetnz.org/topics/white-nail" target="_blank" rel="noopener">heavy metals like thallium and arsenic</a>. This can happen if you eat contaminated foods or breathe in industrial fumes.<ul><li>Arsenic poisoning can cause white bands called Mees' lines to develop across your nails, along with:</li><ul><li>Headaches</li><li>Drowsiness</li><li>Confusion</li><li>Diarrhea and vomiting</li><li>Fever</li><li>Low blood pressure</li></ul><li>Thallium poisoning can also <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/410601" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cause Mees' lines</a>, along with symptoms like:</li><ul><li>Nausea or vomiting</li><li>Abdominal pain</li><li>Extreme drowsiness</li><li>Hair loss</li><li>Nerve pain</li><li>Seizures</li></ul></ul>If you have any of these symptoms, see your doctor as soon as possible.<h2>Insider's takeaway</h2>There are many different reasons why white spots might appear on your nails, including injuries, heavy metal poisoning, or fungal infection.But in most cases, there's no need to be alarmed —"it is very common, and the cause is most likely easily treatable, or will go away on its own," Engelman says."See your doctor and/or dermatologist to learn what might be causing the white spots, and how to get rid of them," says Engelman.

5 reasons why there are white spots on your nails and how to avoid them

7 types of chronic headaches and what to do when your head constantly hurts

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An ear piercing for <keyword id="32334" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Migraines">migraines</keyword> — called a daith piercing — is not a proven treatment and may actually put you at risk for infections.</li><li>For more effective treatments, try alternative migraine remedies like acupuncture, acupressure, and consuming vitamins such as riboflavin and magnesium.</li><li>Painkillers like ibuprofen may also help with migraines, along with prescription beta-blockers or anticonvulsants. </li></ul><a href="https://www.insider.com/types-of-headaches" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Migraines</a> are a neurological disease that cause intense headaches and other painful symptoms. Some people swear by home remedies to treat migraines, including getting an ear cartilage piercing called a daith piercing. While proponents say that getting this piercing helps to cut down pain and prevent migraines, there is no robust scientific research to back up these claims.Here's what you need to know about whether a daith piercing can help relieve your migraine symptoms - and other treatments that may be more effective. <h2>Can ear piercing help migraines?</h2>A daith piercing is a type of ear piercing that runs through the fold of cartilage that sits right above your ear canal. This piercing became popular as an <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711775/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">alternative remedy for migraines</a> through social media posts and comments on online migraine forums.There have also been individual reports of people whose migraines improved after getting a daith piercing. One<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5711775/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 2017 report</a> showed that a middle-aged man who was unable to get relief from medications had a major reduction in migraines after getting a daith piercing.Researchers believe that the piercing could potentially help because this area of your ear is connected to the vagus nerve, which carries pain signals to your brain, says<a href="https://www.spirehealthcare.com/consultant-profiles/professor-fayyaz-ahmed-c3596540/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Fayyaz Ahmed, MD</a>, a neurologist and honorary professor at Hull York Medical School. <a href="https://n.neurology.org/content/87/5/529.short" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Early studies</a> have found that you can stimulate your own vagus nerve using a handheld device to send an electrical pulse into the side of your neck. This method may help treat migraines, but there's no evidence that a daith piercing can have the same effect.Getting a daith piercing in a specific pressure point could theoretically help migraines by continuously stimulating your vagus nerve - but it would require an extremely precise placement of the piercing. The<a href="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/daith-piercings-101/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> American Migraine Foundation</a> (AMF) states that a piercing practitioner who isn't trained in acupuncture probably wouldn't be able to properly place the daith piercing. And even if the piercing is precise, there's no guarantee that it would offer relief. In addition, because daith piercings carry a<a href="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/daith-piercings-101/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> high risk of infection</a>, AMF says that it's likely not worth the gamble to try out this natural remedy.<h2>Natural remedies for migraines </h2>There are several natural remedies that are proven to help treat migraines, Ahmed says. You should still check in with your doctor before trying these remedies. Natural treatments that can be effective include: <ul><li>Acupuncture uses needles to pierce specific areas of your body to treat pain. Studies show that acupuncture may help you have fewer migraines.<a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001218.pub3/full" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> A 2016 review</a> of 22 studies found that three months of acupuncture treatment cut the number of migraines cut in half for 57% of participants.</li><li>Acupressure involves using your fingers to press into and<a href="https://exploreim.ucla.edu/self-care/acupressure-and-common-acupressure-points/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> stimulate certain pressure points</a> on your body. Certain pressure points on your hands and neck can help relieve the pain from migraines - you can find a more in-depth guide for how to use acupressure on yourself<a href="https://www.insider.com/pressure-points-for-migraines" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> here</a>.</li><li>Certain vitamins and minerals may also help to treat migraine pain. One early study found that taking<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.00813.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 400mg of the B vitamin riboflavin</a> daily helped cut down the number of migraines patients experienced. A daily dose of<a href="https://americanmigrainefoundation.org/resource-library/magnesium/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 400 to 500mg of magnesium</a> can also help prevent migraines, according to the AMF. </li></ul><h2>Medications to treat migraines </h2>In some cases, your doctor may prescribe medication to help treat migraines. In general, there are two types of medications for migraines - medications you take when a migraine strikes and everyday medications to prevent migraines, Ahmed says.When a migraine starts, you can take "basic painkillers such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, or a specific treatment like triptans that work on a chemical called serotonin," Ahmed says. In some cases, these methods may not be enough to control your pain and it may be helpful to visit your doctor to determine if other medications are necessary.To prevent migraines, a doctor may<a href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/migraines-stop-them-before-they-start-201208175172" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> prescribe medications</a> including:<ul><li>Beta blockers like propranolol and metoprolol</li><li>Anticonvulsants like topiramate (Topamax) and divalproex (Depakote)</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/do-antidepressants-work" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Antidepressants</a> like venlafaxine (Effexor) and amitriptyline (Elavil)</li><li>asCGRP inhibitors like Aimovig Emgality, or Ubrelvy</li></ul> You might also want to consider botox injections for migraines. Botox is a toxin that can stop your nerve endings from releasing pain signals when it's injected into your skin. "Botox injections given every three months to prevent chronic migraine has become very popular," Ahmed says. So far, <a href="https://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/showcase/2020/pa/9/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">studies suggest</a> that Botox can significantly reduce migraines and may work as well as preventive medications like topiramate. <h2>Insider's takeaway</h2>People have reported that getting a daith piercing has helped treat their migraines, but so far there is no robust scientific evidence to back up these claims. Overall, getting a daith piercing may not be worth the pain and risk of infection, as there are several natural remedies for migraine like acupuncture that have more evidence behind them. If you want to try an alternative migraine treatment, talk to your doctor about finding the right option for you.<h2 id="related-articles-from-our-health-reference-library:">Related articles from <a href="https://www.insider.com/health-reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Health Reference</a>:</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/green-tea-benefits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">5 benefits of green tea and how it can help your memory, skin, and bones</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/aspirin-vs-ibuprofen">Aspirin vs. ibuprofen: The key differences and which one you should take</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/magnesium-deficiency" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to recognize the symptoms of magnesium deficiency and effectively treat it</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/how-antibiotics-work" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Antibiotics treat infections by either killing or sterilizing bacteria</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/does-the-flu-shot-give-you-the-flu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">You can't get the flu from the flu shot, but there are side effects</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/natural-ingredients-for-hair" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The 6 best natural ingredients for your hair</a></li></ul>

Why getting a daith piercing likely won't help your migraines, despite popular claims

8 reasons you're hallucinating and what to do about it

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Rick Rosner" title_caption="Rick Rosner is obsessive about his health." class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/547dfee8dd089510088b45dd-960/rick-rosner-13.jpg"></a>Rick RosnerRick Rosner is obsessive about his health.</div></div></div>Rick Rosner, the <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/interview-with-rick-rosner-2014-11">world's second-smartest man</a>, starts his day by swallowing around 50 pills.Omega 3 fish oil capsules (to control the bad fat), a baby aspirin (for longevity), Metformin (for the metabolism).Pop, pop, pop.Then breakfast. The regimen, he says, "makes my brain work better." If you prevent age-related cognitive decline, then "that's sort of like being smarter."Rosner has an IQ of 192, compared with the average IQ of 100, as ranked by intelligence tests on <a href="http://psiq.org/">this list kept by the World Genius Directory</a>.Rosner swears by his supplements even though research supporting his use is scant to nonexistent. Supplements are <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/john-oliver-take-down-dr-oz-last-week-tonight-2014-6">almost completely unregulated</a> and <a href="http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/10/21/dangerous-dietary-supplements-return-to-store-shelves/">may contain substances</a> beyond or instead of what's advertised on the bottle. In some cases, <a href="http://acsh.org/2014/06/problems-unregulated-dietary-supplements-industry/">they can be harmful</a>.The health nut (on a typical day he also visits five different gyms) provided us with a full list of his mostly self-prescribed meds, along with with his own commentary about their benefits.But first, a disclaimer. Rosner has been many things - a comedy writer, a bouncer, a stripper - but he does not claim to be a doctor."In college, the only chemistry class I passed was Chem 099 for football players and idiots," he tells Business Insider <keyword id="6354868" type="COUNTRY" weightage="100" keywordseo="UK">UK</keyword>. "Scepticism is advised. At the very least, Wikipedia this stuff."Better yet, talk to your doctor.Here is his list:Omega 3 fish oil capsules. This is supposed to be the good fat, more liquid at normal temperatures, to take the place of not-so-good, more solid fats.Half an aspirin daily. Along with flossing your teeth, taking half an aspirin or a baby aspirin each day might be the cheapest, easiest way to extend your life. Aspirin knocks down inflammation and keeps your blood thin. You can get a year's worth of aspirin for a buck at the 99-Cent Store.Metformin. A drug for Type 2 diabetics that decreases glucose production in the liver and helps your body use insulin more efficiently, reducing spikes in blood sugar (and possibly reducing the likelihood of cancer). Metformin is one of two drugs that may fool your body into <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/10/science/10aging.html%20">reacting as if you're ingesting fewer calories</a>, possibly flipping your metabolism into extended-life mode.Metoprolol. A blood pressure drug that I take that knocks down adrenalin and the fight-or-flight response. It lets me drive in LA without my blood pressure going up.Glisodin. One of the many things I take which is supposed to clean up cellular gunk, stuff that builds up over a lifetime. This may help slow down graying of hair, might cause slight euphoria. Hard to tell.Avodart (generic name dutasteride). It knocks out DHT (dihydrotestosterone), a form of testosterone that makes your prostate blow up and your hair fall out. Whenever you see a TV ad where old men are always rushing off to pee, you're seeing an ad for a DHT blocker. An added benefit of DHT blockers is they cause your body to pump out some extra testosterone to compensate, so it's a little like being on steroids. Don't let women come in contact with this drug - it could lead to the birth of a hermaphrodite.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Rick Rosner" title_caption="Rosner as a kid. " class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/547dfee8dd089510088b45db-960/rick-rosner-8.jpg"></a>Rick RosnerRosner as a kid. </div></div></div>Glucosamine and chondroitin. For less-creaky joints. Our dog gets this, too.Fancy multivitamins from Life Extension and Vitacost. The kind with about 45 obscure ingredients. SAM-e (S-Adenosyl methionine). This is supposed to keep your liver all nice. Also, milk thistle, which is also supposed to help your liver.Astragalus. May help fight the shortening of telomeres.Fiber gummies. I like food and don't have perfect food habits, so I use fiber gummies and carb blockers to compensate for my lack of eating discipline. Fiber gummies are fiber in the form of gumdrops - candy that makes you poop. The faster food moves through you, the less you absorb. Carb blockers suppress a digestive enzyme so you only absorb 75% of the carbs you eat when you take them with a meal. You poop a little more, but it's worth it. Fat blockers. These are pure punishment and should be avoided for all but the fattiest meals. It's better just to eat less fat. For instance, peel most of the cheese off of a piece of pizza - it will still taste just like pizza.Prescription and non-prescription drugs to lower cholesterol.Curcumin. Reduces inflammation and is a very pretty orange colour.ToCoQ10L-carnosineALA and acetyl L-carnitineVitamin D3Vitamin CVitamin E with selenium and also Gamma ELycopeneTMG (trimethylglycene)Calcium <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Rick Rosner" title_caption="Rosner with his wife, Carole. " class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/547dfee8dd089510088b45dc-960/rick-rosner-9.jpg"></a>Rick RosnerRosner with his wife, Carole. </div></div></div>BenfotamineN-acetyl cysteineMangosteen pomegranate noni complexVitamin KHorse chestnut (for varicose veins) Quercetin &amp; bromelain Coffee. This is the only brain drug I know for sure works. It doesn't make me smarter, but it keeps me alert. Started drinking it about two and a half years ago. Used to nod off every afternoon at work. No more, thanks to coffee.PhosphatidylserineDMAE AminoguanidineCentrophenoxinePiracetamCognitex from Life ExtensionVinpocetine (occasionally)Methylene blue. A dye that is in Phase III clinical trials to see whether it clears out junk amyloid protein in the brain. MB may act as a detergent, helping to break up amyloid, which can clog the brain, killing neurons. Might be good if you've taken some shots to the head. I worked in bars and got punched in the face a few times - but not anything like the shots taken by football players. (Plus, methylene blue makes your urine a rich emerald green.) <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/more-attractive-man-science-image-2015-9">Scientifically proven things men can do to be more attractive</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="FrMW11bDpOHYdYbuWMGNvmFNMW6eWufV" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

The world's 2nd-smartest man reveals the 'brain drugs' that he thinks makes him smarter

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Rick Rosner" title_caption="Rick Rosner is obsessive about his health." class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/547dfee8dd089510088b45dd-960/rick-rosner-13.jpg"></a>Rick RosnerRick Rosner is obsessive about his health.</div></div></div>Rick Rosner, the <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/interview-with-rick-rosner-2014-11">world's second-smartest man</a>, starts his day by downing around 50 pills. Omega 3 fish oil capsules (to control the bad fat), a baby Aspirin (for longevity), Metformin (for the metabolism). Pop, pop, pop.
The regimen, he says, "makes my brain work better." If you prevent age-related cognitive decline, then "that's sort of like being smarter." Rosner has an IQ of 192, compared to the average IQ of 100, as ranked by intelligence tests on <a href="http://psiq.org/">this list kept by the World Genius Directory</a>.
Rosner provided us with a full list of his mostly self-prescribed meds, along with some commentary. But first, a disclaimer. Rosner has been many things - a comedy writer, a bouncer, a stripper - but he does not claim to be a doctor.
"In college, the only chemistry class I passed was Chem 099 for football players and idiots," he tells Business Insider <keyword id="6354868" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="UK">UK</keyword>. "Scepticism is advised. At the very least, Wikipedia this stuff."
Here is his list:
Omega 3 fish oil capsules. This is supposed to be the good fat, more liquid at normal temperatures, to take the place of not-so-good, more solid fats.
Half an Aspirin daily. Along with flossing your teeth, taking half an aspirin or a baby aspirin each day might be the cheapest, easiest way to extend your life. Aspirin knocks down inflammation and keeps your blood thin. You can get a year's worth of Aspirin for a buck at the 99-Cent Store.
Metformin. A drug for Type 2 diabetics that decreases glucose production in the liver and helps your body use insulin more efficiently, reducing blood sugar spikes (and possibly reducing the likelihood of cancer). Metformin is one of two drugs that may fool your body into <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/10/science/10aging.html%20">reacting as if you're ingesting fewer calories</a>, possibly flipping your metabolism into extended-life mode.
Metoprolol. A blood pressure drug that I take that knocks down adrenalin and the fight-or-flight response. It lets me drive in LA without my blood pressure going up.
Glisodin. One of the many things I take which is supposed to clean up cellular gunk, stuff that builds up over a lifetime. This may help slow down graying of hair, might cause slight euphoria. Hard to tell.
Avodart (generic name dutasteride). It knocks out DHT (dihydrotestosterone), a form of testosterone that makes your prostate blow up and your hair fall out. Whenever you see a TV ad where old men are always rushing off to pee, you're seeing an ad for a DHT blocker. An added benefit of DHT blockers is they cause your body to pump out some extra testosterone to compensate, so it's a little like being on steroids. Don't let women come in contact with this drug - it could lead to the birth of a hermaphrodite.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Rick Rosner" title_caption="Rosner as a kid. " class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/547dfee8dd089510088b45db-960/rick-rosner-8.jpg"></a>Rick RosnerRosner as a kid. </div></div></div>
Glucosamine and chondroitin. For less-creaky joints. Our dog gets this, too.
Fancy multi-vitamins from Life Extension and Vitacost. The kind with about 45 obscure ingredients. SAM-e (S-Adenosyl methionine). This is supposed to keep your liver all nice. Also, milk thistle, which is also supposed to help your liver.
Astragalus. May help fight the shortening of telomeres
Fiber gummies. I like food and don't have perfect food habits, so I use fiber gummies and carb blockers to compensate for my lack of eating discipline. Fiber gummies are fiber in the form of gumdrops - candy that makes you poop. The faster food moves through you, the less you absorb. Carb blockers suppress a digestive enzyme so you only absorb 75% of the carbs you eat when you take them with a meal. You poop a little more, but it's worth it. Fat blockers. These are pure punishment and should be avoided for all but the fattiest meals. It's better just to eat less fat. For instance, peel most of the cheese off of a piece of pizza - it will still taste just like pizza.
Prescription and non-prescription drugs to lower cholesterol.
Curcumin. Reduces inflammation and is a very pretty orange color.
ToCoQ10
L-carnosine
ALA and acetyl L-carnitine
Vitamin D3
Vitamin C
Vitamin E with selenium and also Gamma E
Lycopene
TMG (trimethylglycene)
Calcium 
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image on-image"><a title_source="Rick Rosner" title_caption="Rosner with his wife Carole. " class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/547dfee8dd089510088b45dc-960/rick-rosner-9.jpg"></a>Rick RosnerRosner with his wife Carole. </div></div></div>
Benfotamine
N-acetyl cysteine
Mangosteen pomegranate noni complex
Vitamin K
Horse chestnut (for varicose veins)
 Quercetin &amp; bromelain 
Coffee. This is the only brain drug I know for sure works. It doesn't make me smarter, but it keeps me alert. Started drinking it about two-and-a-half years ago. Used to nod off every afternoon at work. No more, thanks to coffee.
Phosphatidylserine
DMAE 
Aminoguanidine
Centrophenoxine
Piracetam
Cognitex from Life Extension
Vinpocetine (occasionally)
Methylene blue. A dye that is in Phase III clinical trials to see if it clears out junk amyloid protein in the brain. MB may act as a detergent, helping to break up amyloid, which can clog the brain, killing neurons. Might be good if you've taken some shots to the head. I worked in bars and got punched in the face a few times - but not anything like the shots taken by football players. (Plus, methylene blue makes your urine a rich emerald green.)

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