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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mosquitos that transmit the <keyword id="21571718" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="West-Nile-virus" source="keywords">West Nile virus</keyword> are immune to some <keyword id="23547211" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bug-sprays" source="keywords">bug sprays</keyword>, and even live longer after exposure.</li><li>Although rare, West Nile virus can cause <keyword id="23547213" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="severe-illness" source="keywords">severe illness</keyword> or death.</li></ul>Extreme hot weather coupled with heavy storms this year has created<a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/24/health/arizona-heat-burns-er/index.html"><u> the ideal conditions for mosquitoes</u></a>, including the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-encephalitis-and-meningitis-may-be-much-more-common-in-the-us-2016-8"> <u>infamous Culex mosquito</u></a> — which transmits West Nile virus.<br /><br />On top of an already brutal mosquito season, community insecticides — a first line of defense against Culex mosquitoes — seem to be less effective at killing the bugs and their eggs.<br /><br />Not only are mosquitos unfazed by the insecticide, they actually seem to be fortified by it: those exposed are living longer, according to researcher Roxanne Connelly who works as a <keyword id="23547212" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="medical-entomologist" source="keywords">medical entomologist</keyword> at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<br /><br />"You want a product that's gonna be able to knock them down, not do this," Connelly told<a target="_blank" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/mosquitoes-carry-west-nile-are-becoming-resistant-insecticides-cdc-say-rcna96867"> <u>NBC News</u></a>.<br /><br />This combination of events has caused <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-death-paralysis-health-officials-warn-rising-rates-2022-6"><u>concern for researchers</u></a>, who urge the public to be extra vigilant of West Nile virus and to protect themselves from bloodthirsty mosquitoes.<br /><br /><h2><strong>Most people who get West Nile virus don't feel sick, but for some it can cause permanent disability or death</strong></h2>West Nile virus is the most common <keyword id="21363821" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mosquito-borne-disease" source="keywords">mosquito-borne disease</keyword> in the US.<br /><br />As of August 1, there have been 90 cases of West Nile virus recorded in a total of 17 states, according to the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/current-season-data.html"> <u>CDC</u></a>. But this number is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/map-shows-west-nile-virus-has-been-detected-us-states-2022-7"><u>expected to grow</u></a>.<br /><br />"This is just the beginning of when we see West Nile start to take off in the United States," Dr. Erin Staples, a medical epidemiologist at the CDC's Fort Collins lab, reported to NBC News. "We expect a steady increase of disease to occur over the next several weeks."<br /><br />The vast majority of people who are infected by West Nile don't feel sick. However, one in five people will experience symptoms, which can include a fever, headache, body aches, vomiting and diarrhea <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/index.html"><u>according to the CDC</u></a>.<br /><br />Only one in 150 people develop serious complications, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/west-nile-virus-mosquito-bite-facial-paralysis-diarrhea-2022-7"><u>including neurological symptoms</u></a> like headache, stiff neck, convulsions, vision loss, paralysis, coma or even death.<br /><br />There is no cure or treatment for West Nile virus. Those at greatest risk of serious illness are people over the age of 60 and those who have underlying medical problems.<br /><br /><h2><strong>5 things you can do to prevent <keyword id="20535799" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mosquito-bites" source="keywords">mosquito bites</keyword></strong></h2>It's not clear to scientists why the <keyword id="23547209" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Culex-mosquito" source="keywords">Culex mosquito</keyword> is becoming resistant to community based insecticides — which are sprayed liberally by farmers to protect produce, landscapers to avoid nuisance, and by vector control workers to prevent disease spread, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.vox.com/health/23814358/west-nile-virus-symptoms-mosquito-repellant-disease-bite-insecticide-resistance"><u>reports Vox</u></a>. But you can still protect yourself from mosquito bites.<br /><br />Bug sprays with DEET and picaridin are still highly effective at fending off hungry mosquitos, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/westnile/prevention/index.html"><u>according to the CDC</u></a>.<br /><br />They also recommend wearing loose-fitting clothing that covers the arms and legs, screening open windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from coming inside, and using air conditioning when possible.<br /><br />Regularly emptying standing water around your yard — including from bird baths, flower pots and toys — can prevent mosquitoes from reproducing.<br /><br />

Mosquitoes carrying a virus that causes paralysis and death are becoming immune to common bug sprays

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A $4 million settlement to Lashawn Thompson's family has been accepted.</li><li>Thompson, 35, was found dead and reportedly covered in bed bugs in a Georgia cell in September 2022. </li></ul><p>The family of a 35-year-old man who they allege died inside a jail cell after being "eaten alive" by bed bugs has reached a $4 million settlement with Fulton County in Georgia.</p><p>Lashawn Thompson died in the mental health ward of the notorious<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/georgia-man-found-dead-bed-bug-infested-jail/story?id=99506592" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Fulton County Jail in a disgusting cell that was ridden with bed bugs</a> and insects, Michael Harper, an attorney for the victim's family, previously told<a href="https://www.insider.com/man-died-eaten-alive-bed-bugs-georgia-jail-family-alleges-2023-4"> Insider</a>.</p><p>"They literally watched his health decline until he died," Harper said in a statement. He alleged that Thompson's jail cell "was not fit for a diseased animal."</p><p>Thompson's body was found on September 12, 2022, three months after he was arrested on a charge of misdemeanor simple battery.</p><p>An<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/4m-settlement-reached-family-man-died-bed-bug/story?id=101967898" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> independent autopsy commissioned</a> by Thompson's family listed "complications due to severe neglect" related to his mental and physical health as the cause of death. </p><p>Thompson, the autopsy report says, "was neglected to death."</p><p>During a press conference in May where lawyers for Thompson's family detailed the findings of the independent autopsy, civil rights attorney Ben Crump said Thompson had been living in a "torture chamber."</p><p>Crump called Thompson's death the "most deplorable death in custody case in the history of America."</p><h2>'Severe neglect'</h2><p>Thompson experienced a <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/4m-settlement-reached-family-man-died-bed-bug/story?id=101967898" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"severe body insect infestation,"</a> and was found to be dehydrated and malnourished when he died, according to the independent autopsy.</p><p>The autopsy also suggested Thompson was<a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/22/us/lashawn-thompson-atlanta-inmate-death-independent-medical-review/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> not receiving medication</a> for his "severe mental illness" at his time of death, Crump said. </p><p>Thompson had lost<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/georgia-man-found-dead-bed-bug-infested-jail/story?id=99506592" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> about 30 pounds</a> before his death, the report said. An attorney for the family previously claimed Thompson's mental illness meant he was incapable of caring for himself.</p><p>According to jail documents obtained by Insider in May, at least two jail staffers sounded the alarm to other officials about<a href="https://www.insider.com/fulton-county-jail-staff-lashawn-thompson-cell-death-records-2023-5"> Thompson's cell conditions</a> and concerns about his health in the days before his death. </p><p>The<a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/22/us/lashawn-thompson-atlanta-inmate-death-independent-medical-review/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Fulton County Medical Examiner's Office</a> in January listed Thompson's cause of death as "undetermined."</p><h2>Can bedbugs be deadly?</h2><p>Michael Potter, an entomologist at the University of Kentucky specializing <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-65267971" target="_blank" rel="noopener">in bed bugs</a>, said the conditions in the cell seemed "horrific."</p><p>Looking at the pictures of Thompson's body, he said in 20 years of experience, he had "never seen anything quite to this level if this is in fact what I'm seeing," he told the BBC in April </p><p>He said bed bug bites are very rarely deadly, but that people can become anemic in extreme cases of prolonged exposure, which can be lethal if left untreated, per the BBC. </p><p>"Bed bugs feed on blood and very large numbers of bed bugs feed on very large amounts of blood," Potter said, adding that this amount of infestation can also cause a dangerous allergic reaction.</p><p>Anemia or allergic reaction were not reported as complications noted in Thompson's autopsy reports. </p><h2>'They left him there essentially'</h2><p>While in lockup, officers <a href="https://www.insider.com/man-died-eaten-alive-bed-bugs-georgia-jail-family-alleges-2023-4">moved Thompson to the jail's psychiatric wing</a> after they determined he had a mental illness, Harper previously told Insider.</p><div type="image" title="The Georgia jail cell where Lashawn Thompson was found dead." height="749" width="999" msid="102396042" hostid="261"></div><p>"They left him there essentially," Harper told Insider. "And they had a plan to take him to the medical observation unit, but their plan never happened, and they found him dead, eaten by these bed bugs."</p><p><a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/08/02/us/lashawn-thompson-fulton-county-settlement/index.html">The $4 million settlement</a> related to Lashawn Thompson was approved by a 6-0 vote by the Fulton County Board of Commissioners in a closed-door executive session Wednesday, CNN reported. </p><p>The US Department of Justice announced an investigation into the conditions in the Fulton County Jail system last month after a series of reports of abuse and neglect.</p><p>"Once again we'd like to extend heartfelt condolences to the Thompson family," Fulton County Sheriff Patrick "Pat" Labat said in a statement to Insider.</p><p>"No amount of money can ease the grief of losing a loved one, but we do hope this settlement represents a measure of justice for the family. We stand with the Thompson family and their call for the Rice Street facility to be replaced and remain committed to do the work to bring about the necessary reforms so that something like this never happens again."</p><p>He added: "Several actions have been taken following an internal investigation into Mr Thompson's death, to include updating protocols for security rounds, adding additional staff to the mental health unit, and transferring hundreds of inmates to other facilities to help relieve overcrowding. While the GBI is continuing its investigation, we are continuing to make the health and wellbeing of men and women in the custody of the Fulton County Sheriff's Office a top priority."</p>

The family of a man who they allege was 'eaten alive' by bed bugs in a filthy jail cell has agreed to a $4 million settlement

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Skeeter syndrome is an allergic reaction to <keyword id="667210" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mosquito-bites">mosquito bites</keyword>, which can cause red, swollen lesions. </li><li>Skeeter syndrome is more common in young children or immunocompromised individuals. </li><li>To treat a mosquito bite allergy, take an antihistamine and apply a prescription steroid.</li></ul><p>Warmer weather not only brings scenic hikes and refreshing swims but also pesky swarms of mosquitoes. For individuals with skeeter syndrome, these bites can trigger allergic reactions that range from mild to severe. </p><p>If you're looking to spend time outdoors without painful itching, here are some tips to protect yourself from mosquito bites - and when to seek medical attention.</p><h2>What is skeeter syndrome?</h2><p>Skeeter syndrome is a moderate to severe local reaction that manifests around the bite area and is <a href="https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77796_5181ae9a3ae61b07e4ceff103e3ea745.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">characterized</a> by swelling, red lesions, and a low-grade fever. It occurs in response to certain proteins in a mosquito's saliva, which most people build an immune response to. </p><p>Therefore, skeeter syndrome is <a href="https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(99)70348-9/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener">most prevalent among</a> individuals with limited exposure to local mosquito species, like visitors and young children. <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-does-immunocompromised-mean" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Immunocompromised</a> individuals, like those with HIV or chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) disorders, may also experience a reaction if they're more vulnerable to irritants in mosquito saliva. </p><p>Because they have similar symptoms, skeeter syndrome is often misdiagnosed as a bacterial skin infection called <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370762" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cellulitis</a>, says <a href="http://www.llu.edu/pages/faculty/directory/faculty.html?eid=1a5c7e6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hobart Lee</a>, MD, a family medicine specialist at Loma Linda University who has researched mosquito-borne diseases.</p><p>Though skeeter syndrome is uncommon, the sheer number of annual cases is difficult to determine, Lee says. While it isn't life-threatening, skeeter syndrome <a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-46192-2_12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">can have a profound impact on one's preference to go outdoors and cause immense discomfort</a>.</p><h2>Who is at a greater risk of mosquito bites? </h2><p>Mosquitoes may flock to certain people due to natural factors like <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122716" target="_blank" rel="noopener">body odor</a>, but there isn't conclusive evidence as to which individuals are most likely to get bitten. </p><p>While studies have suggested that <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/41/4/796/885285" target="_blank" rel="noopener">specific blood types</a> and <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40629-017-0026-y.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">alcohol consumption</a> could invite more bites, these connections are still "up in the air," says <a href="http://www.thethomaslab.net/?author=14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rebecca Heinig</a>, a research entomologist at Florida's Collier Mosquito Control District. </p><p>We do know that mosquitoes seek out carbon dioxide, and pregnant women <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2800%2902334-5/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exhale above-average amounts</a> by their third trimester, possibly explaining why they're more prone to being bit.  </p><h2>How to prevent mosquito bites</h2><p>There are some factors you can control, like location and time of day, that may lower your risk of being bit, says Lee.</p><p>Though the severity of a reaction may depend on one's age or immune system, geography significantly influences the likelihood of mosquito bites.</p><p>"Those who live close to lakes or places where it's not very clean with lots of standing water are probably at higher risk of getting insect or mosquito bites," Lee said. "I don't think we think more of a certain gender or age being more affected."</p><p>Here are five tips for how to avoid mosquito bites altogether: </p><p><strong>1. Stay indoors when mosquitoes are most active. </strong>It's helpful to keep inside as the sun rises and sets. Female mosquitoes are most active at dawn and dusk because it's when they tend to seek meals, Heinig says. </p><p><strong>2. Dress smart. </strong>Opt for long sleeves and pants or <a href="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/repellent-treated-clothing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">repellent-treated clothing</a>. It's best to avoid dark-colored clothing because it might make you sweat. This can cause you to become a potential magnet for mosquitoes. Therefore, opt for lighter pieces that will prevent overheating, says Heinig. Keep in mind that certain species are attracted to clothing that contrasts with local environments.</p><p><strong>3. Use mosquito repellent. </strong>Bug spray is another useful defense against mosquito bites. Depending on the type of repellent, it works by either masking your scent or producing an odor that wards off mosquitoes. <a href="https://www.insider.com/is-deet-bad-for-you" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DEET-based products</a> are the "gold standard," Heinig says.</p>Related Article Module: The best bug sprays and repellents you can buy<p>Generally, you should look for products that contain 10% to 35% DEET, but there isn't much benefit above 50%. When visiting a highly infested area, 35% to 50% can help prevent bites. DEET is designed to last for hours, so reapplication isn't necessary <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09546634.2015.1050350" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unless</a> you sweat heavily, shower, or swim.</p><p><strong>4. Fire may help. </strong>Smoke may drive mosquitoes away, though it <a href="http://www.dipterajournal.com/pdf/2019/vol6issue6/PartB/6-6-18-442.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">isn't </a>a fool-proof solution.</p><p><strong>5. Keep your backyard in mind. </strong>You can also design your backyard to fend off mosquitoes, Heinig says. Make sure that the area is free of any standing water so that the insects can't reproduce. Also introduce a diffuser with citronella oil, a plant-derived substance <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10570-016-0882-5.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">known for</a> its insect-repelling abilities; this essential oil can <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00002.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">help</a> create a "repellent zone," a few feet in diameter, depending on environmental conditions like wind speed. It's also important to install mesh screens on doors and windows to keep mosquitoes from entering your home, Lee says. </p><p>Though it's difficult to avert mosquitoes completely, it's best to focus on preventing bites so that treatment isn't always necessary. It's especially crucial because mosquitoes can spread diseases like <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184" target="_blank" rel="noopener">malaria</a> or carry the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zika</a> virus.</p><h2>How to know if you've been bit by a mosquito </h2><p>Common symptoms of a mosquito bite <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">include</a>:</p><ul><li>Swollen white and red bumps that itch and burn</li><li>After a day, bumps may harden, multiply and grow darker</li><li>Bumps may remain for several days and usually resolve within 10</li></ul><p>If you're experiencing any of the following symptoms <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">seek medical attention.</a> They could be a sign of a severe allergic reaction or secondary skin infection. </p><ul><li>Major swelling and redness</li><li>Acute pain</li><li>Fever</li><li>Body aches, headache</li><li>Swollen lymph nodes</li><li>Hives</li><li>Vomiting</li><li>Difficulty breathing</li><li>Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal</li><li><a href="https://www.livescience.com/63889-bug-bite-flesh-eating-infection.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Skin necrosis</a>, or tissue death</li></ul><h2>How to treat mosquito bites</h2><p>If you've been bitten by a mosquito, there are many medical treatments and <a href="https://www.insider.com/home-remedies-for-mosquito-bites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">home remedies</a> you can use to reduce the itching and swelling. Here are four tips:</p><p><strong>1. Use a cold compress. </strong>For mild symptoms, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">clean</a> the area and use a cold compress.</p><p><strong>2. Over-the-counter medication can help. </strong>If you're experiencing pain, try taking a pain-killer like ibuprofen. Allergic reactions can be treated with over-the-counter antihistamines in either oral or topical form, Lee says. </p><p><strong>3. Prescription steroids. </strong>Lee recommends topical steroids to relieve itching only in extreme cases, like skeeter syndrome. For rarer whole-body allergic reactions, he says, doctors may prescribe oral steroids.</p><p><strong style="color: #222222;">4. Patience. </strong>It can take 1-2 weeks for large local reactions to <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-get-rid-of-mosquito-bites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">heal completely</a>, Lee says.</p><h2>Insider's takeaway </h2><p>Skeeter syndrome is a rare allergic reaction to the saliva of mosquitoes. Therefore, when someone with the condition is bitten by a mosquito, they develop large, red lesions and a low-grade fever. </p><p>Skeeter syndrome is rarely life-threatening, but it can be uncomfortable. Therefore, to prevent mosquito bites, wear bug spray and stay indoors whenever possible.  </p><a data-type="5ef4e1173f73700637537065">How to identify common bug bites, and treat them properly</a><a data-type="5edf9afcf0f419527867e8d4">How to get rid of mosquito bites fast, and prevent them in the first place</a><a data-type="607897d97c964f559416dd46">How to identify and treat bed bug bites</a><a data-type="5ed7fcfcf34d051d9a14575a">What are antihistamines? How to use the best medication for seasonal allergy relief</a>

Are you allergic to mosquito bites? How to recognize the signs of skeeter syndrome and when to get help

<p><strong></strong></p><ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>The EPA has approved a new ingredient, nootkatone, for use in insecticides and insect repellents.</strong></li><li><strong>Nootkatone is effective at repelling and killing mosquitoes, ticks, and other biting pests.</strong></li><li><strong>The chemical is nontoxic to humans and has been used in perfume and food for its grapefruit aroma.</strong></li><li><strong>The introduction of a new <keyword id="79195" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Insect-repellent">insect repellent</keyword> ingredient could help slow resistance to insecticides.</strong></li></ul><p>The Environmental Protection Agency approved a fragrant and relatively safe chemical as a defense against ticks and mosquitoes on Monday.</p><p>The chemical, nootkatone, smells and tastes like grapefruit and is naturally found in the rind of the fruit, as well as in Alaskan yellow cedar trees.</p><p>Nootkatone protects from <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-get-rid-of-mosquito-bites">bug bites</a> at similar rates as insect repellents currently on the market and has a staying power of up to several hours, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found. It's the first new chemical to be approved for this purpose since 2009.</p><p>The newfound insect repellent shows promise as a protector against <a href="https://www.insider.com/tick-bite-symptoms-treatment">ticks</a> in particular, insect toxicology expert Joal Coats told Insider. Compared to synthetic chemicals like <a href="https://www.insider.com/is-deet-bad-for-you">DEET</a>, nootkatone is equally effective at repelling mosquitos but much better at warding off ticks.</p><h2><strong>Nootkatone has superior staying power and efficacy compared to other natural repellents</strong></h2><p>While nootkatone is poisonous to insects, the chemical is nontoxic to humans and other mammals, so much so that it's commonly used in perfumes, foods, and drinks.</p><p>Other <a href="https://www.insider.com/woman-hospitalized-after-eating-essential-oils-had-swelling-rashes-2020-8">essential oils</a> derived from plants such as peppermint and lemongrass have been found to have some insect repellent properties but poor staying power. Those oils wear off after an hour or two, but Coats estimated that nootkatone could last up to three times longer.</p><p>Nootkatone is also more effective at killing ticks than other natural products, public <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword> entomologist Thomas Mather told Insider. In an evaluation of minimal risk natural insecticides, he found nootkatone was 83 percent effective — comparable to the synthetic standard — while most other natural products failed.</p><h2><strong>As biting insects develop resistance to products on the market, nootkatone could offer an alternative</strong></h2><p>The introduction of a new insect repellent comes at a time when pests are developing resistance to commonly used chemicals and insect-borne diseases are on the rise. </p><p>A <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0501-vs-vector-borne.html">CDC report</a> found in 2018 that diseases caused by ticks, mosquitoes, and fleas — such as Lyme disease, West Nile, dengue, and Zika — have tripled in the United States in the past 15 years.</p><p>Adding some variety to the arsenal of insect killers and repellents will slow the development of resistance and help the fight against <a href="https://www.insider.com/eee-virus-found-in-mosquitos-new-york-and-massachusetts-2019-7">insect-borne diseases</a>. </p><p>The discovery of nootkatone takes advantage of naturally-occuring compounds that plants use to protect themselves, Coats added.</p><p>"Terpenes, or naturally compounds occurring in plants, have lots of importance from a chemical ecology perspective," Coats said. "They're in plants as some sort of defensive strategy to prevent insects from attacking those plants, so it's great that we're starting to learn how to use those more and more for our benefit."</p><p><strong>Read more:</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.insider.com/home-remedies-for-mosquito-bites">6 home remedies for mosquito bites to stop your itch and provide relief</a></p><p><a href="https://www.insider.com/signs-a-bug-bite-is-serious-2018-7">8 signs your bug bite may need medical attention</a></p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-mosquito-repellent">The best mosquito repellent products</a></p>

A grapefruit-scented perfume ingredient that's toxic to ticks and mosquitoes is the first new insect repellent to be approved in a decade

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Skeeter syndrome is a moderate to severe <keyword id="32704" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="allergic-reaction">allergic reaction</keyword> to <keyword id="667210" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mosquito-bites">mosquito bites</keyword>. </li><li>Common symptoms of skeeter syndrome are swelling, red lesions, and a low-grade fever.</li><li>Skeeter syndrome can be treated with topical steroids prescribed by your doctor.</li><li>This article <a href="https://www.insider.com/insider-medical-review-board" target="_blank" rel="noopener">was medically reviewed</a> by <a href="https://health.tamu.edu/experts/jason-mcknight.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jason R. McKnight</a>, MD, MS, a family medicine physician and clinical assistant professor at <a href="https://medicine.tamu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Texas A&amp;M College of Medicine</a>. </li></ul><p>Warmer weather not only brings scenic hikes and refreshing swims, but also pesky swarms of mosquitoes. For individuals with skeeter syndrome, these bites can trigger allergic reactions that range from mild to severe. </p><p>If you're looking to spend time outdoors without painful itching, here's some tips to protect yourself from mosquito bites — and when to seek medical attention.</p><h2>What is skeeter syndrome?</h2><p>Skeeter syndrome is a moderate to severe local reaction that manifests around the bite area, and is <a href="https://jesp.journals.ekb.eg/article_77796_5181ae9a3ae61b07e4ceff103e3ea745.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">characterized</a> by swelling, red lesions, and a low-grade fever. It occurs in response to certain proteins in a mosquito's saliva, which most people build an immune response to. </p><p>Therefore, skeeter syndrome is <a href="https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(99)70348-9/abstract" target="_blank" rel="noopener">most prevalent among</a> individuals with limited exposure to local mosquito species, like visitors and young children. Immunocompromised individuals, like those with HIV or chronic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) disorders, may also experience a reaction if they're more vulnerable to irritants in mosquito saliva. </p><p>Because they have similar symptoms, skeeter syndrome is often misdiagnosed as a bacterial skin infection called <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cellulitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20370762" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cellulitis</a>, says <a href="http://www.llu.edu/pages/faculty/directory/faculty.html?eid=1a5c7e6" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hobart Lee</a>, MD, a family medicine specialist at Loma Linda University who has researched mosquito-borne diseases.</p><p>Though skeeter syndrome is uncommon, the sheer number of annual cases is difficult to determine, Lee says. While it isn't life-threatening, skeeter syndrome <a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-46192-2_12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">can have a profound impact on one's preference to go outdoors and cause immense discomfort</a>.</p><h2>Who is at a greater risk of mosquito bites? </h2><p>Mosquitoes may flock to certain people due to natural factors like <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0122716" target="_blank" rel="noopener">body odor</a>, but there isn't conclusive evidence as to which individuals are most likely to get bitten. </p><p>While studies have suggested that <a href="https://academic.oup.com/jme/article/41/4/796/885285" target="_blank" rel="noopener">specific blood types</a> and <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40629-017-0026-y.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">alcohol consumption</a> could invite more bites, these connections are still "up in the air," says <a href="http://www.thethomaslab.net/?author=14" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rebecca Heinig</a>, a research entomologist at Florida's Collier Mosquito Control District. </p><p>We do know that mosquitoes seek out carbon dioxide, and pregnant women <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2800%2902334-5/fulltext" target="_blank" rel="noopener">exhale above-average amounts</a> by their third trimester, possibly explaining why they're more prone to being bit.  </p><h2>How to prevent mosquito bites</h2><p>There are some factors you can control, like location and time of day, that may lower your risk of being bit, says Lee.</p><p>Though the severity of a reaction may depend on one's age or immune system, geography significantly influences the likelihood of mosquito bites.</p><p>"Those who live close to lakes or places where it's not very clean with lots of standing water are probably at higher risk of getting insect or mosquito bites," Lee said. "I don't think we think more of a certain gender or age being more affected."</p><p>Here are five tips for how to avoid mosquito bites altogether: </p><ol><li><strong>Stay indoors when mosquitoes are most active. </strong>It's helpful to keep inside as the sun rises and sets. Female mosquitoes are most active at dawn and dusk because it's when they tend to seek meals, Heinig says. </li><li><strong>Dress smart. </strong>Opt for long sleeves and pants or <a href="https://www.epa.gov/insect-repellents/repellent-treated-clothing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">repellent-treated clothing</a>. It's best to avoid dark-colored clothing because it might make you sweat. This can cause you to become a potential magnet for mosquitoes. Therefore, opt for lighter pieces that will prevent overheating, says Heinig. Keep in mind that certain species are attracted to clothing that contrasts with local environments.</li><li><strong>Use mosquito repellent. </strong>Bug spray is another useful defense against mosquito bites. Depending on the type of repellent, it works by either masking your scent or producing an odor that wards off mosquitoes. <a href="https://www.insider.com/is-deet-bad-for-you" target="_blank" rel="noopener">DEET-based products</a> are the "gold standard," Heinig says. Generally, you should look for products that contain 10% to 35% DEET, but there isn't much benefit above 50%. When visiting a highly infested area, 35% to 50% can help prevent bites. DEET is designed to last for hours, so reapplication isn't necessary <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/09546634.2015.1050350" target="_blank" rel="noopener">unless</a> you sweat heavily, shower, or swim.</li><li><strong>Fire may help. </strong>Smoke may drive mosquitoes away, though it <a href="http://www.dipterajournal.com/pdf/2019/vol6issue6/PartB/6-6-18-442.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">isn't </a>a fool-proof solution.</li><li><strong>Keep your backyard in mind. </strong>You can also design your backyard to fend off mosquitoes, Heinig says. Make sure that the area is free of any standing water so that the insects can't reproduce. Also introduce a a diffuser with citronella oil, a plant-derived substance  <a href="https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10570-016-0882-5.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">known for</a> its insect-repelling abilities; this essential oil can <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00002.x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">help</a> create a "repellent zone," a few feet in diameter, depending on environmental conditions like wind speed. It's also important to install mesh screens on doors and windows to keep mosquitoes from entering your home, Lee says. </li></ol><p>Though it's difficult to avert mosquitoes completely, it's best to focus on preventing bites so that treatment isn't always necessary. It's especially crucial because mosquitoes can spread diseases like <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/malaria/symptoms-causes/syc-20351184" target="_blank" rel="noopener">malaria</a> or carry the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Zika</a> virus.</p><h2>How to know if you've been bit by a mosquito </h2><p>Common symptoms of a mosquito bite <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">include</a>:</p><ul><li>Swollen white and red bumps that itch and burn</li><li>After a day, bumps may harden, multiply and grow darker</li><li>Bumps may remain for several days and usually resolve within 10</li></ul><p>If you're experiencing any of the following symptoms <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">seek medical attention.</a> They could be the sign of a severe allergic reaction or secondary skin infection. </p><ul><li>Major swelling and redness</li><li>Acute pain</li><li>Fever</li><li>Body aches, headache</li><li>Swollen lymph nodes</li><li>Hives</li><li>Vomiting</li><li>Difficulty breathing</li><li>Anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction that can be fatal</li><li><a href="https://www.livescience.com/63889-bug-bite-flesh-eating-infection.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Skin necrosis</a>, or tissue death</li></ul><h2>How to <a href="https://www.insider.com/home-remedies-for-mosquito-bites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">treat mosquito bites</a></h2><p>If you've been bitten by a mosquito, there are some actions you can take to reduce the itching and swelling. Here are four tips:</p><ol><li><strong>Use a cold compress. </strong>For mild symptoms, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-bites/symptoms.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">clean</a> the area and use a cold compress.</li><li><strong>Over-the-counter medication can help. </strong>If you're experiencing pain, try taking a pain-killer like ibuprofen. Allergic reactions can be treated with over-the-counter antihistamines in either oral or topical form, Lee says. </li><li><strong>Prescription steroids. </strong>Lee recommends topical steroids to relieve itching only in extreme cases, like skeeter syndrome. For rarer whole-body allergic reactions, he says, doctors may prescribe oral steroids.</li><li><strong style="color: #222222;">Patience. </strong>It can take 1-2 weeks for large local reactions to <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-get-rid-of-mosquito-bites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">heal completely</a>, Lee says.</li></ol><h2 id="related-articles-from-health-reference:">Related articles from <a href="https://www.insider.com/health-reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Health Reference</a>:</h2><ul><li><strong><a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-get-rid-of-mosquito-bites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to get rid of mosquito bites fast and prevent them in the first place </a></strong></li><li><strong><a href="https://www.insider.com/home-remedies-for-mosquito-bites" target="_blank" rel="noopener">6 home remedies for mosquito bites to stop your itch and provide relief</a> </strong></li><li><strong><a href="https://www.insider.com/does-bug-spray-expire">Bug spray can expire, but it depends on the active ingredient</a></strong></li></ul>

Skeeter syndrome is a rare condition that makes you allergic to mosquito bites — here's how to tell if you have it

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6360144" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="wildlife">Wildlife</keyword> expert and YouTuber <keyword id="3760974" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coyote-peterson">Coyote Peterson</keyword> is no stranger to the newly-popular "murder hornet," since he was intentionally stung by one in 2018. </li><li>The so-called <keyword id="9169710" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="murder-hornets">murder hornets</keyword>, also called Asian giant hornets, have previously killed 41 people in the Chinese province of Shaanxi in 2013 and have been known to <a href="https://nypost.com/2020/05/05/watch-an-asian-murder-hornet-kill-a-mouse-in-seconds/">allegedly kill mice</a> and <a href="https://www.insider.com/murder-hornet-insect-capable-of-killing-humans-colonizing-us-2020-5">behead colonies of bees</a>. </li><li>Peterson told Insider he probably won't be making more intentional bite or sting videos. </li><li>"The thing that drives me is certainly being able to educate people. I don't enjoy pain, I enjoy educating people," Peterson told Insider in an interview. "[Viewers are] learning a lot about these creatures. In the end, they're learning that these animals are not out to get you." </li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6E2mP01ZLH_kbAyeazCNdg">YouTuber Nathaniel "Coyote" Peterson</a> is used to bug bites. It's often been a part of his job as founder and host of "Brave Wilderness," an online series focusing on adventurous excursions and run-ins with nature, which often include being bitten and stung by creatures. </p><p>While many Americans have been on-edge after The New York Times reported on <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/02/us/asian-giant-hornet-washington.html">the presence of "murder hornets" in the US</a>, Peterson, sometimes called the "King of Sting," is not intimidated. He intentionally let one of the frightening and dangerous bugs sting him on-camera for a 2018 video. </p><p>The so-called murder hornets, also called Asian giant hornets, have previously killed 41 people in the Chinese province of Shaanxi in 2013 and have been known to <a href="https://nypost.com/2020/05/05/watch-an-asian-murder-hornet-kill-a-mouse-in-seconds/">allegedly kill mice</a> and <a href="https://www.insider.com/murder-hornet-insect-capable-of-killing-humans-colonizing-us-2020-5">behead colonies of bees</a>. </p><p>In his video, Peterson writhed in what he called "searing pain," Peterson's arm ballooned almost immediately and became extremely red. </p><p>Peterson, 38, wasn't afraid of the hornet, though he said it's on the "upper echelon" of the <a href="https://www.nhm.ac.uk/scroller-schmidt-painscale/#intro">Schmidt pain index</a>, entomologist Justin Schmidt's bug-sting resource. The index ranks from one to four, with four being the most amount of pain. That's where the murder hornet falls. </p><p>"In all of these instances, obviously I'm not dying. Yes, it's pain. Yes, there's some swelling in the aftermath, but we warn people that the best course of action if you see one of these things in the wild is to admire it from a safe distance," Peterson told Insider in a phone interview on Wednesday. </p><h2>Peterson, who is also a host of his own Animal Planet series, said he undergoes the stings to "educate people." </h2><p>Peterson said he didn't start his YouTube channel with the idea of filming his own stings. But his first bug attack video, in which harvester ants in Tucsan, Arizona, attacked his hands in 2016, performed extremely well with viewers.</p><p>"I always say to people that the best animal presenters are the ones that are not being bitten and stung by things. And I'm actually really good at not being bitten and stung," Peterson said, laughing. "So when we discovered that being bitten and stung was really gripping the audience, we started experimenting." </p><p>While most people wouldn't wish this pain upon themselves, Peterson has certainly cracked something. The Brave Wilderness channel has 16 million subscribers and more than three billion total views. His most popular videos include willingly experiencing bites from bugs called "cow killers," "bloodworms," and "tarantula hawks," each of which have more than 50 million views. </p><p>"The thing that drives me is certainly being able to educate people. I don't enjoy pain, I enjoy educating people," he said. By sharing footage of his own stings, Peterson said he can demystify these creatures for viewers. "They're learning a lot about these creatures. In the end, they're learning that these animals are not out to get you," he said. </p><p>Though Peterson is a self-taught wildlife educator and expert (who became inspired by "animal adventurers" like Steve Irwin, Jeff Corwin, Austin Stevens, Marty Stouffer), he said he always works with other entomologists and experts on his videos, and has medical professionals "on standby" while filming his bites and stings. Peterson said his team keeps an epinephrine pen on set as well in case he has an allergic reaction. "We always take those precautions before I perform any one of these seemingly extreme stunts by being bitten or stung by something," he said. </p><p>Still, Peterson acknowledged that he has an "insanely high" pain tolerance, which contributes to his willingness to perform these dangerous acts. "But then again, to each their own," he added. "I mean, I can only say what it is I experienced. I'm sure there are many people out there far tougher than I am, so to speak. But, you know, I guess I've just gotten used to it at this point." </p><h2>He's probably done with getting stung: "I'm pretty content with the number of stings I've taken," he said. </h2><p>Peterson said that now he's written a book about his experiences, called "The King of Sting," and documented so many different bugs online, he doesn't feel the need to make more. "You can only get stung by so many things," he said. Though he may be bitten or stung on accident while filming his YouTube videos and his Animal Planet series "Brave the Wild," he said it's probably the end of the road. </p><p>"But as far as doing it intentionally, we just didn't necessarily see a reason to continue on with that process," he said. </p><h2>Murder hornets aren't really going to take over the US, Peterson said — and the executioner wasp gave a much more painful sting. </h2><p>Peterson said his 2018 murder hornet sting video has received millions of additional views in the days since The New York Times' May 2 report, but he said he doesn't believe there's anything to worry about, as only one dead murder hornet has been sighted in the US thus far. "They're not a they," he said. "There has been a single individual hornet that was found in the Pacific Northwest and it's important to keep in mind that that Hornet was also dead." </p><p>Though the murder hornet does reach the top of Schmidt's sting index, Peterson said another creature beats it. The executioner wasp, which he was stung by just a couple of months after the murder hornet, was much worse, Peterson said. In the executioner wasp video, Peterson yelled that the sting was "burning uncontrollably." </p><p>The two creatures may be on the same general level of pain, but Peterson said the executioner definitely earned its name. "The reason the executioner wasp is more damaging has to do with the components of the venom," he said. </p><h2>Peterson said his mom does get "worried," but she inspired his passion for wildlife.</h2><p>As for whether his family is concerned when Peterson gets into these life-threatening situations, he said it's really just his mother who worries. "My family certainly is always concerned for my wellbeing. I would say if anybody, my mom is probably the one that's always the most worried, but she's super adventurous," Peterson said, adding that it was his mother who inspired his passion for nature as a child. "She introduced me to so many different animal species in nature." </p><p>Oddly enough, his mother inadvertently led to his bite and sting videos. He filmed the harvester ants video in her Arizona backyard. "She told me she had been stung by one and to watch out for them, because it was the worst sting she ever got," Peterson said. Naturally, he took her challenge. </p><p>"A lot of my background in wilderness education and exploration was really sort of nurtured by her from a very young age," Peterson said. </p><p>Read more:</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/youtuber-coyote-peterson-let-asian-murder-hornet-sting-him-2020-5">A YouTuber nicknamed the 'King of Sting' let a 'murder hornet' sting him, and his arm ballooned almost immediately</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/murder-hornet-insect-capable-of-killing-humans-colonizing-us-2020-5">The US is being colonized by 'murder hornets,' a 'shockingly large' insect that can kill humans and behead entire colonies of bees</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/murder-hornet-japanese-honeybee-bee-sphere-vibrate-cooked-alive-video-2020-5">Video shows that 'Murder Hornets' can be cooked alive by a vibrating sphere of Japanese bees</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/insects-dying-off-sign-of-6th-mass-extinction-2019-2">Insects are dying off at record rates — an ominous sign we're in the middle of a 6th mass extinction</a></li></ul>Read the original article on <a href="https://www.insider.com/meet-coyote-peterson-stung-murder-hornet-youtube-video-interview-2020-5">Insider</a>

The YouTuber who let a murder hornet sting him says it caused 'searing pain.' Now he says he's done with sting videos.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Researchers in the UK are training dogs to detect the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> in patients, even before they show symptoms.</li><li>A team from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Durham University are hoping that similar to diseases like cancer and malaria, <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword> will also have a detectable smell.</li><li>The samples will be taken from healthcare workers who test positive for COVID-19 but are not showing symptoms. They will need to wear nylon socks and face masks for a few hours to absorb the smell.</li><li>Some of the samples will be sent to a dog training center where six specialist dogs — dubbed "The Super Six" — will undergo an intense 8 to 10-week trial.</li><li>If successful, the sniffer dogs could screen up to 250 people an hour and play a vital role in detecting the virus in key transportation hubs, including airports and train stations.</li></ul><p>Researchers in the UK are conducting extensive trials to see whether trained sniffer dogs can <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-cases-maps-us-world-spread-symptoms-death-rate-2020-1?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">detect the coronavirus</a> in patients, even before they show any symptoms.</p><p>Previously, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/post/preview?post_id=5ec77c25aee6a81b947960a3&amp;mode=desktop&amp;r=US&amp;IR=T=US&amp;IR=T">it's been found that people with illnesses like malaria, cancer, and Parkinson's</a> give off a particular odor, which dogs are trained to detect. The research team behind the trial — starting in the next two weeks — is hoping the same will be true with COVID-19.</p><p>Researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) are collaborating with Durham University and the charity Medical Detection Dogs to carry out the project. <a href="https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/newsevents/news/2020/dogs-could-join-fight-against-covid-19">The team first announced their trial </a><a href="https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/newsevents/news/2020/dogs-could-join-fight-against-covid-19">in late March</a><a href="https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/newsevents/news/2020/dogs-could-join-fight-against-covid-19"></a>, and have now received £500,000 ($610,000) worth of funding from the government.</p><p>Lord Bethell, the minister for innovation, said the UK government believed the dogs "might provide speedy results as part of our wider testing strategy," <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/may/16/uk-researchers-hope-dogs-can-be-trained-to-detect-coronavirus">the Guardian reported.</a></p><p>If successful, the sniffer dogs could screen up to 250 people an hour and play a vital role in detecting the virus in key transportation hubs, including airports and train stations.</p><p>But what does the training process look like?</p><h2><strong>Covid-19 patients will be asked to wear sterilized nylon socks to collect odor samples</strong></h2><p>Professor James Logan, the project's lead researcher and head of the department of disease control at LSHTM, told Business Insider the initial stage of the trial would be conducted in hospitals across the UK. "We will work with different NHS hospitals in the country to recruit healthcare workers who will then be tested for COVID-19," Logan said.</p><p>Those who test positive will be asked to wear a pair of sterilized nylon socks as well as a face mask for a few hours. The socks are essential in the process because nylon "is a very good matrix to collect odor" and has proven to be an easy and effective way to obtain a person's scent, explained Logan.</p><p><div type="image" title="sniffer dogs lab" height="4028" width="5371" msid="75918025" hostid="261"></div></p><p>All of the samplings will be supplied by people who are showing no symptoms. "Anybody who has symptoms will not be included in the study and that's a very important aspect. So the infection we know for other diseases is detectable at an early stage before the symptoms come on so we believe it could be the same for COVID-19," said Logan.</p><h2>Six specialist dogs will be trained to sniff out the virus</h2><p>Once the samples are taken, half will be sent to a lab where scientists will try to determine what chemicals the odor is composed of — in other words, finding out what COVID-19 smells like.</p><p>The other samples will go to the charity based in Milton Keynes — just outside of London — where six specialist dogs dubbed "The Super Six" will be trained to sniff them out.</p><p>The intense dog training will last between 8 to 10 weeks. It includes putting the samples on metal stands along with other scents from people not infected with COVID-19. When the dog can point out the coronavirus scent, it gets a treat.</p><p>The team hopes the dogs will be able to detect the coronavirus before people show symptoms of it.</p><p>"We will know early on if there is a signal at all. We are starting with the socks samples. If that doesn't work, we will move to the breath samples," said Logan. "By the end of that, we will have a level of understanding of how well the dogs can tell us when somebody is infected correctly and how well they can tell if someone is not infected correctly," he added.</p><p><div type="image" title="medical dogs covid-19" height="1011" width="1348" msid="75918034" hostid="261"></div></p><p>The team expects the final results to come in between August and September. If these are promising, they will move into the next phase of the project, which involves looking at how it can work on a larger scale.</p><h2>The trial has the potential to change future <keyword id="6354692" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Travel">travel</keyword></h2><p>The researchers hope that the first set of dogs could be deployed to key transportation hubs in the UK, including airports and train stations within the next six months. Each dog could potentially screen up to 250 people per hour.</p><p>Professor Steve Lindsay, a public health entomologist at Durham University, <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/airport-dogs-trial-coronavirus-wellness/index.html">told CNN:</a> "The basic idea is we can screen travelers innocently coming into this country who may be carrying COVID-19, detect those people and isolate them from the rest of the community."</p><p>But Logan admits that this step will be "very challenging," and they are planning on working with other organizations to get help.</p><p>"In those circumstances, there's already a model for dogs at airports or dogs that detect bombs, drugs, explosives, and food that's been imported. So we will be working with agencies that already have dogs in place for those things so that some of these dogs could be re-trained," he said.</p><p><div type="image" title="medical detection dogs" height="975" width="1300" msid="75918040" hostid="261"></div></p><p>Globally, the potential of dogs being able to detect COVID-19 is also under serious consideration.</p><p>In the US, the University of Pennsylvania's School of Veterinary Medicine has launched a<a href="https://www.vet.upenn.edu/about/press-room/press-releases/article/penn-vet-launches-covid-19-canine-scent-detection-study">pilot training program</a> in which they use scent detection with dogs to discriminate between samples from COVID-19 positive and negative patients.</p><p>Meanwhile, researchers in Corsica, France, started trials last month to re-train rescue and fire brigade sniffer dogs by teaching them to associate the smell of swabs taken from COVID-19 patients with their favorite toys, <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/">according to France 24.</a></p><p>Business Insider has also been in contact with a research team in Iran that oversees a similar project,<a href="https://en.mehrnews.com/news/157843/Iran-starts-training-sniffer-dogs-to-detect-COVID-19" target="_blank" rel="noopener">backed by the Iranian Army</a>.</p><p>While all these trials are still in their early stages, those running the UK project are hopeful that the dogs could be a vital tool in the fight against the coronavirus.</p><p>"If successful, this approach could revolutionize how we detect the virus, with the potential to screen high numbers of people," Logan said.</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-home-testing-kit-covid-19-available-uk-within-days-2020-3?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">A simple coronavirus home-testing kit could soon be available to order on Amazon in the UK</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/false-negative-coronavirus-test-accuracy-rates-worry-experts-report-2020-4?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">Medical experts are reportedly worried that close to 33% of people who should test positive for the coronavirus are not and don't realize they're infected</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-uk-government-to-miss-100000-daily-testing-covid-hancock-2020-4?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">The UK is on course to break its pledge to carry out 100,000 daily coronavirus tests by a large margin</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/at-home-coronavirus-test-kit-gets-emergency-fda-approval-2020-5?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">An at-home coronavirus test just got emergency approval from the FDA, and it could return results within 3 days</a></li></ul>Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/dogs-trained-sniff-out-coronavirus-in-humans-before-symptoms-show-2020-5">Business Insider</a>

Dogs are now being trained to sniff out people who have the coronavirus even before they show symptoms. Here's how this could work

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Susan Walsh/AP</span></p><p class="caption">Bill Gates participates in a media availability on agricultural research, Thursday, March 13, 2014.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>Bill Gates is advocating for the use of genetic editing tools like CRISPR.</strong></li><li><strong>CRISPR allows scientists to edit DNA, eliminating undesirable genes and potentially swapping in preferable alternatives.</strong></li><li><strong>Gates thinks we could use genetic editing to make livestock and crops more sustainable and to eliminate malaria-causing mosquitoes.</strong></li></ul><p><br />The ability to rewrite the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-crispr-and-genetic-editing-will-change-the-world-2015-9">genetic code for life is a powerful one</a>.</p><p>In the past few years, scientists have <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-age-of-genetically-engineered-animals-has-arrived-2015-6">revolutionized our ability to do so</a> with the discovery and refinement of a molecular tool called CRISPR that allows us to edit sections of DNA. This tool can snip specific parts of genetic code out and replace them with new segments, eliminating diseases or giving creatures whole new traits.</p><p>While it was possible to edit DNA before CRISPR's discovery, this tool allows us to do so far more accurately and cheaply than ever before.</p><p>In a recent essay published in <a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018-04-10/gene-editing-good">Foreign Affairs</a>, Bill Gates described some of the ways genetic editing technologies have the potential to transform the world. Since the 1990s, he wrote, the world has made significant progress toward ending child mortality, fighting disease and hunger, and raising people out of poverty.</p><p>But there's still a long way to go.</p><p>"[I]f the world is to continue the remarkable progress of the past few decades, it is vital that scientists, subject to safety and ethics guidelines, be encouraged to continue taking advantage of such promising tools as CRISPR," Gates wrote.</p><p>Gates has long been supportive of using genetic editing tools. He was one of the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-and-others-invest-in-editas-for-crispr-gene-editing-2015-8">early investors in Editas Medicine</a>, one of the first companies to start trying to use CRISPR to eliminate human diseases. Gates Foundation researchers have worked for nearly a decade on ways to use genetic editing to improve crops and to wipe out malaria-carrying mosquitoes.</p><p>In this latest essay, Gates lays out exactly where he thinks gene editing could have the biggest impact right now.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>iStock</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Feeding the world</h2><p>One of the first places that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/crispr-gene-editing-tool-food-usda-regulation-2018-4">many experts think people will encounter life forms</a> with edited DNA is in the world of agriculture.</p><p>Editing the genes of a plant or animal doesn't involve adding in genes from other creatures, like some forms of genetic modification. (<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-supports-gmos-reddit-ama-2018-2">Genetically modified organisms</a> are still considered safe by most scientists - and Gates supports those, too.) But it's possible to change organisms in powerful ways using genetic editing.</p><p>As Gates explained, researchers are studying ways to <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-age-of-genetically-engineered-animals-has-arrived-2015-6">modify the genes of livestock animals</a> like tropical cows, which normally don't produce much milk, to make them produce milk more like dairy cows. Scientists also trying to see if they can make dairy cattle more resilient in hot weather, something essential in a warming world. Researchers have already figured out how to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/recombinetics-genetically-edited-cattle-without-horns-2016-5">edit the genetic code of cows to remove their horns</a> using a similar sort of modification.</p><p>Editing the genes of crops could also make it easier for them to survive hot or arid conditions, provide more nutrients, and require less water to thrive. These are the sorts of modifications that could be essential to feed the world - as Gates wrote, the population of Africa is expected to more than double by 2050. And the world will only continue to get warmer.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Thomson Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">An Anopheles stephensi mosquito obtains a blood meal from a human host.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Wiping out disease</h2><p>Many researchers are also interested in using gene editing to modify human genes to treat or eliminate diseases with genetic causes, like a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-crispr-will-revolutionize-biology-2015-10">form of blindness</a> or <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/researchers-use-crispr-to-edit-dna-of-huntingtons-disease-patients-2018-2">Huntington's disease</a>.</p><p>But Gates points out the the same genetic editing tool might be able to make enormous progress in the fight against malaria, a disease that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/malaria-challenge-trials-research-seattle-gates-2016-11">his Gates Foundation has been trying to eradicate for years. </a> The mosquito-borne illness kills about 450,000 people every year and infects hundreds of millions.</p><p>Out of 3,500 species of mosquito around the world, only the females from about 40 <em>Anopheles</em> species can transmit malaria. Using CRISPR, researchers think they could fundamentally alter the DNA of some members those species in a way that would spread a gene that would make the population infertile or only able to produce male offspring</p><p>Making a genetic change designed to spread to the rest of the population is an effort known as <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/national-academies-report-on-using-crispr-gene-drives-2016-6">a gene drive,</a> a process Gates said could potentially wipe out or drastically reduce the populations of <em>Anopheles</em> mosquitoes.</p><p>But spreading a deadly gene through a species is not something to take lightly. As Dan Strickman, a medical entomologist and Senior Program Officer for Vector Control at the Gates Foundation, told me on a visit to their offices in 2016, the potential that these genes could somehow transfer to another species is a serious concern.</p><p>"Nobody signed up for that," he said.</p><p>But so far, tests have shown that gene drives can be conducted safely in lab settings. In a 2016 report (co-funded by the Gates Foundation), the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/national-academies-report-on-using-crispr-gene-drives-2016-6">endorsed continued research</a> into gene drives.</p><p>The ability to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-genetically-modify-human-embryos-2015-4">easily modify</a> DNA is a wildly powerful tool that could do a world of good as long as it's done carefully.</p><p>As Gates wrote, "It would be a tragedy to pass up the opportunity."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/what-happens-when-swallow-chewing-gum-stomach-2018-3">Here's what happens in your body when you swallow gum</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Bill Gates is championing a revolutionary tool that can fight diseases, keep people from starving, and save millions of lives

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>Marie Arago / Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Marqui Ducarme is aided by his wife after contracting the Chikungunya virus at his home in Port-au-Prince, May 23, 2014. The painful mosquito-borne virus called Chikungunya is spreading quickly through the Caribbean, causing alarm in Haiti and the neighboring Dominican Republic.</p></div><p></p></div></div>The first report of chikungunya in the Americas surfaced in the Caribbean in December 2013. By March, there were <a href="http://www.paho.org/world-health-day-2014/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Chikungunya.pdf" target="_blank">15,000</a> such reports. Now, according to <a href="http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&amp;view=article&amp;id=343&amp;Itemid=40931&amp;lang=enhttp://www.paho.org/hq" target="_blank">the latest numbers</a> from the regional office of the World Health Organization, there are 350,580 suspected cases of this incredibly painful viral infection.</p>
<p>Chikungunya is spread by mosquitoes. It involves a sudden fever and, in most cases, severe joint pain that usually lasts a few days but <a href="http://www.paho.org/world-health-day-2014/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Chikungunya.pdf" target="_blank">has been known to continue for months and even years</a>. There's no cure, but doctors can help relieve the patient's symptoms.</p>
<p>"It's a really pathetic, nasty disease," Joe Conlin, a medical entomologist and spokesperson for American Mosquito Control Association <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/diseases-you-can-get-from-mosquitoes-2013-8">told Business Insider in 2013</a>. "I've... seen and heard children just screaming for days on end because of the pain."</p>
<p>Chikungunya was first identified in 1952, <a href="http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/arbo-viral/other_arboviral_chikungunya/en/" target="_blank">according to the World Health Organization</a>, and there were sporadic outbreaks in Asia and Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. But in the past decade, it's become a much larger threat. "Since 2004, chikungunya has expanded its geographical range, causing sustained epidemics of unprecedented magnitude in Asia and Africa," notes <a href="http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=doc_download&amp;gid=16984&amp;Itemid=&amp;lang=en" target="_blank" title="PDF">a recent report</a> from the CDC.</p>
<p>The virus reached epidemic proportions in India in 2006, when 1.5 million people fell sick. It jumped to Europe in 2007, infecting 197 people in Italy.</p>
<p>For years, researchers have been expecting mosquito-borne diseases like West Nile to increase in the Americas, and it seems chikungunya's time has come.</p>
<p>The Dominican Republic has had 193,395 suspected cases since December, more than any other country in the current outbreak. There have also been tens of thousands of cases in Haiti, Martinique, and Guadaloupe, and a scattering of other cases elsewhere - including El Salvador, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin, and Saint Lucia.</p>
<p>As of July 8, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention had counted <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/united-states.html" target="_blank">136 cases</a> in the contiguous United States, but all of these were "travel-associated." That means the chikungunya was found in visitors or in American residents returning from areas where the disease is prevalent. Still, that's much higher than the recent average just 28 local cases each year.</p>
<p>Chikungunya is spread by mosquitoes, which means it doesn't spread from an infected person to someone else directly. The right species of mosquito needs to be present to act as an intermediary, and these species are endemic in <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/pdfs/CHIKV_VectorControl.pdf" target="_blank">parts of the United States</a>.</p>
<p>When an infected person is bitten by the right species of mosquito, that mosquito sucks up their infected blood and <a href="http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2014/07/us-imported-chikungunya-cases-climb-138" target="_blank">can then pass on the disease</a> when it bites another person.</p>
<p>"To date, no local transmission has been identified in the continental United States," the CDC <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/united-states.html" target="_blank">notes</a>, meaning we haven't yet seen it spreading through mosquitoes in the U.S. But if an infected person is bitten on U.S. soil, "these imported cases could result in local spread of the virus."</p>
<p>While effective mosquito control and <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240549/pdf/ehp109s-000141.pdf" target="_blank">widespread air conditioning</a> make huge numbers of cases unlikely here, it's probably just a matter of time until we see this painful disease begin to spread throughout the U.S. In a recent issue of the journal <a href="http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/8/14-0333_article" target="_blank">Emerging Infectious Diseases</a>, Roger Nasci, of the CDC's Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, called the spread of chikungunya to mainland South, Central, and North America "inevitable."</p>
<p>Here are the <a href="http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&amp;view=article&amp;id=343&amp;Itemid=40931&amp;lang=enhttp://www.paho.org/hq" target="_blank">full numbers</a> from the Pan-American Health Organization, not including imported cases:</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&amp;view=article&amp;id=343&amp;Itemid=40931&amp;lang=enhttp://www.paho.org/hq">PAHO/WHO</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p><em>h/t <a href="https://twitter.com/LJBeil/status/488701595496894465" target="_blank">@LJBeil</a></em></p>

Painful Mosquito-Borne Disease Now Infecting More Than 350,000 People In The Americas

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://flic.kr/p/8t5e5w">sanmartin/Flickr</a></span></p><p class="caption">An adult male head louse</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>People <a href="https://www.facebook.com/topic/Super-Lice/108265912530473?source=whfrt&amp;position=1&amp;trqid=6257825724100416145">are freaking out</a> about the spread of something known as "super" or "mutant" lice.</p><p>With those names, the panic is understandable - super or mutant lice sound like the star of a low-budget horror film.</p><p>But really, they aren't anything new, though they are a real and potentially growing problem <a href="http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2015/08/back-to-school-with-mutant-super-lice">found around the nation</a>.</p><p>"There is nothing really 'super' about them, of course; they are simply lice that are more resistant than previous generations to permethrin, the active ingredient in many" - but not all - "head lice treatments," Justin Talley, an entomologist at Oklahoma State University <a href="http://www.dasnr.okstate.edu/Members/donald-stotts-40okstate.edu/permethrin-resistance-behind-so-called-2018super2019-lice">explains in a press release</a>.</p><p>As we've continued to use the same chemicals to kill lice, the ones that have survived have been the ones resistant to those chemicals, passing those resistant traits on. These "super" lice have been around since the 1990s, so if you were a child then, you may have already encountered them.</p><p>Their mutations seem to make them resistant to some <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a698037.html">over-the-counter treatments</a> typically used to get rid of lice, sold under brand names including Elimite and Nix.</p><p>While some treatments are no longer effective in some cases, first-line treatments still work most of the time. And there are still methods that do work - even on "mutant lice" - including newer medications and nit combing (getting rid of the eggs, not just the adult lice), so you just might just need to ask your doctor.</p><h2>What are lice?</h2><p>Lice are a parasitic insect that live in human hair on our scalps, eyebrows and eyelashes, and feed off our blood.</p><p>Lice can't jump; they can only crawl, so they spread through head-to-head contact. They have adapted so well to living on us that their feet are especially evolved to cling to human hair, even during washing.</p><p>An infestation can feel like a tickling, itchy sensation on the head, and can be <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/gen_info/faqs.html#symptoms">diagnosed by looking for adult or nymph lice</a> on the scalp or hair, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It's tough to know how many people get head lice, but among kids aged three to 11, it's anywhere from 6 million to 12 million infestations in the United States every year, <a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/126/2/392.full">according to the American Association of Pediatrics</a>.</p><h2>A growing problem?</h2><p>In <a href="http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/51/2/450">one recent study</a> designed to figure out how lice are evolving resistance, biologist <a href="http://www.siue.edu/artsandsciences/biologicalsciences/faculty-staff/faculty-pages/yoon.shtml">Kyong Yoon</a> from Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville and his team tested the genes of <a href="http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/135/5/e1355.full">head lice</a> collected from 30 states. In samples from 25 of those states, they found that the <a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-08/acs-lia071715.php">lice had a gene that protects them against a lice treatment called permethrin</a>.</p><p>In four other states - New York, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Oregon - the lice showed some level of resistance, but it hadn't reached a point that would render these treatments useless.</p><p>In the map below, the pink states had lice that have developed high levels of resistance to common treatments, and the green states either haven't yet or weren't tested.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/95786.php">Kyong Yoon, Ph.D.</a></span></p><p class="caption">Pink states have lice that have developed high levels of resistance to common treatments.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Yoon reported updated results at a meeting of the American Chemical Society on August 18, 2015, and he has been tracking the <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048357599924604">spread of resistance in the US since 2000</a>.</p><p>With each round of research, Yoon and his team noted that lice are getting more and more resistant to permethrin. In their latest study, published in 2014 <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4007213/">in the Journal of Medical Entomology,</a> they noted that until reports from 1995 indicated that permethrin was at least 96% effective, but a 2001 report described it as only working 80% of the time.</p><p>That rate seems to have dropped to as low as 28% effectiveness in some places, they wrote.</p><p>Dr. <a href="https://academic.uthsc.edu/faculty/facepage.php?netID=jyaun&amp;personnel_id=259528" target="_blank">Jason Yaun</a>, an assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center in Memphis who wasn't involved in the research, told MedPage Today that <a href="http://www.medpagetoday.com/Pediatrics/GeneralPediatrics/53171">permethrins are still the most safe and effective</a> treatment. And they're still <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/treatment.html">what the CDC recommends</a> as the first line of attack. In most cases, not properly following the directions can be the source of a continued infestation.</p><p>The Mayo Clinic also <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/head-lice/basics/treatment/con-20030792">suggests that multiple treatments may be needed</a>, since no product will kill off freshly laid lice eggs, so parents need to make sure that the treatment is being used correctly.</p><p>So while we're not without a workable intervention just yet, the spread of resistance against permethrins over time could become a much bigger problem, Yoon argues.</p><p>"If you use a chemical over and over, these little creatures will eventually develop resistance," he said in the <a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-08/acs-lia071715.php">press release</a> announcing the results. "So we have to think before we use a treatment."</p><h2>Other treatments</h2><p>Luckily for parents everywhere, it is possible to get rid of lice without these insecticide lotions.</p><p>An <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a607069.html">insecticide in pill or lotion form</a>, the <a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200107">anti-parasite drug</a> <a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1200107">ivermectin</a>, sold under the brand name Stromectol or Sklice, is relatively new (the FDA approved it in 2012) and requires a prescription. It's worth noting that while the NIH <a href="http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/51/2/450#ack-1">funded the majority</a> of Yoon's research, <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/18/health/mutant-lice/">some funding</a> did come from companies that make these prescription drugs, who have a vested interest in proving that old-fashioned treatments are no good.</p><p>Several lotions with <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/head/treatment.html">stronger insecticides</a> are also only available with a prescription, but are more expensive than the ones with permethrin and some have dangerous side effects that make them not suitable for use on children.</p><p>That being said, using more chemicals on a pest normally makes it evolve even more resistance, so these treatments are best used as a last resort.</p><p>Some parents use home remedies, like the application of <a href="http://www.uptodate.com/contents/head-lice-beyond-the-basics?view=print">mayonnaise or Vaseline</a> to the head in order to suffocate the lice. But, according to the Mayo Clinic, there is little to <a href="http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/head-lice/basics/lifestyle-home-remedies/con-20030792">no clinical evidence</a> to show that they work.</p><p>In the end, many families may need to go back to the tried-and-true standby: Nit combing. A recent study in the journal Parasitology Research suggests that in about half of cases, <a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00436-015-4311-8">combing can be an effective treatment for head lice</a>.</p><p>"Combing works," Claire McCarthy, a pediatrician Boston Children's Hospital, said in <a href="http://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/new-treatment-for-head-lice-effective-with-one-dose-and-no-combing-201211015484">a Harvard Health Blog about lice treatment with ivermectin</a> in 2012. "It takes patience and perseverance, but not only does it get rid of both live lice and eggs, it's completely nontoxic and without side effects. That can't be said of any other treatment for head lice, ivermectin included."</p><p>Thankfully, lice don't transmit any diseases, but they sure can be annoying - mutant or not.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/us-cities-under-25-ft-water-flood-2015-7">What US cities will look like under 25 feet of water</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Rqd2ZtdjpI4bWIQZ754hZIhqwC_213Eo" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

You Searched For "medical entomologist" and got 10 results

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