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Research Institute (<keyword id="20370739" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cmfri" source="keywords">CMFRI</keyword>) have successfully deciphered the genome of the <keyword id="23138296" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="asian-green-mussel" source="Orion">Asian green mussel</keyword> (Perna viridis), a discovery poised to revolutionise the understanding of this vital <keyword id="662896" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="marine-species" source="Orion">marine species</keyword>. This is the first-ever <keyword id="184804" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chromosome" source="Orion">chromosome</keyword> level genome sequencing of a marine invertebrate species from India. Earlier, CMFRI had come out with a similar genome finding for Indian oil sardine. The Asian green mussel, Kallummakkaya in local parlance, is an important aquaculture species in the family Mytilidae contributing substantially to molluscan aquaculture. CMFRI's research found that the mussel's genome contains 723.49 Mb in size and is anchored into 15 chromosomes, according to a CMFRI release here on Thursday. The research was published in the journal Scientific Data by Nature Group. "The development will be a game-changer in boosting sustainable mussel aquaculture in the country, as this research will help gain insights into its growth, reproduction and disease resistance", said Dr Grinson George, Director of CMFRI. The findings will benefit the aquaculture sector by improving genomic selection and breeding practices, leading to enhanced productivity and resilience in fisheries, he added. A team of researchers from CMFRI led by Principal Scientist Dr Sandhya Sukumaran carried out this study with funding support from the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), New Delhi. The team includes Dr A Gopalakrishnan, V G Vysakh, Dr Wilson Sebastian, Dr Lalitha Hari Dharani, Dr Akhilesh Pandey, Dr Abishek Kumar and Dr J K Jena. According to scientists, this will help develop new strategies to combat diseases in the mussel. "Genomic investigations on this species are vital to understand genes, gene combinations and signaling pathways leading to the parasitic diseases, which constitute a major threat to Asian green mussel aquaculture in India causing substantial mortalities in farms," said Dr Sandhya Sukumaran. According to the scientists, the genome assembly of green mussels will emerge as a valuable tool for exploring <keyword id="6355291" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cancer" source="Orion">cancer</keyword> mechanisms and developing new therapeutic strategies. "A total of 49654 protein-coding genes were identified, including 634 genes associated with the cancer pathway and 408 genes associated with viral carcinogenesis. This indicates that this species is a novel model organism for cancer research," Sukumaran said. This advancement promises to significantly enhance our understanding of cancer pathways and facilitate the discovery of novel treatments, she added. Apart from its aquaculture prospects, Asian green mussels play a vital role as a bio-monitor as it is capable of accumulating heavy metals and other environmental pollutants in large quantities. Understanding the genome assembly will provide valuable information about the genomic pathways involved in response to pollutants. "The genetic markers to be developed from this research could be used to monitor pollutants in aquatic bodies, a significant milestone in safeguarding the aquatic environment," Sandhya said. Scientists believe that the genome decoding of this species would enhance knowledge regarding the effect of environmental pollutants on biological systems, as this bivalve is adaptable to local environmental stressors like variations in pH, temperature, salinity and air exposure.

CMFRI scientists crack genetic code of Asian green mussel

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In 2015 <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/adidas-ocean-plastic-sneakers-reveal-a-new-reality-2018-3">Adidas partnered with Parley for the Oceans</a> to turn marine pollution into sportswear.</li><li>Adidas uses <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/adidas-parley-for-the-oceans-special-sneakers-2016-6">recycled plastic bottles</a> as a replacement for virgin polyester.</li><li>In <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sneakers-lead-charge-for-sustainability-apparel-2019-8">2019 Adidas expects to make 11 million</a> pairs of shoes with Ocean Plastic.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a> </li></ul>Following is a transcript of the video.Narrator: Adidas makes over 400 million pairs of shoes every year. Manufacturing that many shoes requires a lot of resources. But constantly creating new materials isn't great for the environment. So Adidas is turning to a different source.Experts predict that in 30 years, there will be more plastic in our oceans than fish. And one study estimates that 90% of seabirds have consumed some form of plastic waste. All that pollution on beaches and in the ocean is harmful to both marine life and humans. So Adidas is trying to stop some of that plastic before it reaches the ocean. In 2015, Adidas partnered with the environmental organization Parley for the Oceans. Their goal? To turn marine pollution into sportswear. And they've made huge progress.In 2019, Adidas expects to make 11 million pairs of shoes with recycled ocean plastic. That's more than double what it made in 2018. Adidas says the partnership has prevented 2,810 tons of plastic from reaching the oceans. But how are these shoes made?It all starts at the beach. Parley and its partners collect trash from coastal areas like the Maldives. The waste is then sorted, and the recovered plastic is sent to an Adidas processing plant. Adidas uses plastic bottles that contain polyethylene terephthalate, or PET. And if it's something Adidas can't use, like caps and rings? Those get sent to normal recycling facilities.The processing plant crushes, washes, and dehydrates the waste, leaving nothing but small plastic flakes. The flakes are heated, dried, and cooled, then cut into small resin pellets. Normally, polyester is made from petroleum. But Adidas melts these pellets to create a filament, which is spun into what they call Ocean Plastic, a form of polyester yarn. Adidas uses Ocean Plastic to form the upper parts of shoes and clothing like jerseys. Each item in the Parley collection is made from at least 75% intercepted marine trash. And they still meet the same performance and comfort standards of Adidas' other shoes. Recycled polyester uses less water and fewer chemicals and helps prevent plastic pollution.Adidas' goal is to replace all virgin polyester with recycled polyester by 2024. Currently, more than 40% of Adidas' apparel uses recycled polyester. You may have seen Adidas' recycled sportswear without even noticing it. Clothing made with Ocean Plastic has been used in college football, baseball, the NHL, the Australian Open, and more. But this doesn't eliminate plastic pollution entirely. Washing polyester clothing can create microfibers, which may end up in the ocean. Adidas suggests that customers wash their clothes less often, use cold water, and fully fill the machine each time.But this is just the first step. Adidas is also developing a 100% recyclable shoe called the Futurecraft Loop. This shoe is made to be remade. Because it can be returned and broken down to create a brand-new pair. Futurecraft Loop is expected to be available in 2021.With the help of Parley for the Oceans, Adidas is using readily available material to manufacture new products. Which is a big step towards a sustainable future.

Adidas is turning plastic ocean waste into sneakers and sportswear

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Hundreds of dead sea creatures washed up on <keyword id="6355572" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="sri-lanka">Sri Lanka</keyword>'s shores after a ship caught fire in May.</li><li>The ship was carrying toxic <keyword id="25943" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="chemicals">chemicals</keyword> and sank in early June.</li><li>Marine species "never die in this way" around this period, said Sri Lanka's <keyword id="6356826" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ENVIRONMENT">environment</keyword> minister.</li></ul>Carcasses of 176 turtles, 20 dolphins, and four whales have washed up on Sri Lankan shores after a cargo ship carrying toxic chemicals sank off the coast of Colombo, government officials said in court on Wednesday.The <keyword id="400852" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="marine-life">marine life</keyword> was killed by toxins released from the MV X-Press Pearl when it caught fire on May 20 and sank on June 2, said Deputy Solicitor General Madawa Tennakoon, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/hundreds-dead-turtles-wash-ashore-sri-lanka-after-cargo-ship-wreck-2021-07-01/">reported Reuters.</a> The <keyword id="6553380" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="shipwreck">shipwreck</keyword> has been called one of the worst environmental disasters in Sri Lanka's history.The 610-foot X-Press Pearl was carrying more than 1,000 containers, including 25 metric tons of nitric acid, which is used in fertilizers and explosives, along with 350 metric tons of fuel.It also had <a href="https://www.insider.com/pellets-blanket-sri-lankan-shores-after-vessel-sinks-indian-ocean-2021-6">78 tons of plastic pellets</a> called nurdles on board, which can absorb toxins and are often mistaken for food by marine species. Salvage crews and soldiers are still clearing billions of these pellets - which can be lethal to animals if consumed - from Sri Lanka's coast.Fishing, which thousands of locals rely on for income, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/india/helpless-sri-lankan-fishermen-count-cost-chemical-cargo-ship-wreck-2021-06-04/">was banned</a> in the area as oil, ship debris, and toxins spilled into the ocean.Most of the dead marine life on the coast is directly related to these chemicals, Environment Minister Mahinda Amaraweera told reporters, according to Reuters. "During the south-western monsoon season, sea creatures never die in this way," he said.The X-Press Pearl is believed to have caught fire due to a nitric acid leak in one of its containers, which its crew flagged before it entered Sri Lankan waters, per <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/30/world/asia/sri-lanka-dead-animals-ship.html">The New York Times.</a> Its Singapore-based operator, X-Press Feeders, said the ship had been turned down from ports in India and Qatar when it tried to unload the leaking container.Fifteen people, <a href="https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/mv-x-press-pearl-sri-lanka-arrests-ship-captain-pollution-15013578">including the ship's Russian captain</a>, have been accused of violating Sri Lanka's Marine Pollution Prevention Act and face civil claims for pollution <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210612-sri-lanka-seeks-40-million-in-damages-over-ship-fire">damage from the shipwreck.</a>

The carcasses of turtles, dolphins, and whales are washing up on Sri Lanka beaches after a cargo ship carrying toxins sank in the Indian Ocean

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6372909" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="turkey">Turkey</keyword>'s Sea of Marmara has seen the largest outbreak of "sea snot" on record. </li><li>The President has promised to "save our seas" from the substance caused by <keyword id="13001" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="pollution">pollution</keyword>. </li><li>It is causing problems for marine life and the fishing industry.</li></ul>Turkey's President Erdogan has promised to save the country's seas from "sea snot," a slimy layer of gray or green sludge that could endanger marine life and the fishing industry. The substance, which is known as marine mucilage or "sea snot," forms when algae are overloaded with nutrients due to climate change and water pollution.It was first discovered in 2007, and later in the Aegean Sea near Greece. The latest outbreak, found in the Sea of Marmara near Istanbul, is thought to be the largest in history, <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-57372677">BBC News</a> and <a href="https://news.sky.com/story/turkey-plagued-by-largest-outbreak-of-sea-snot-on-record-as-mucus-hits-sea-of-marmara-coastline-12325258">Sky News</a> report."We will save our seas from this mucilage calamity, leading with the Marmara Sea. We must take this step without delay," President Erdogan said in a statement, according to Sky <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news">News</keyword>.<div type="image" title="turkey sea snot 2" height="1334" width="2000" msid="83282774" hostid="261"></div>Erdogan blamed untreated sewage being dumped in the sea and rising temperatures. He added that "the trouble will be enormous" if the substance expands to the Black Sea, BBC News reports. The Turkish government has dispatched a team to inspect the potential sources of pollution in the sea.<a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Sea-of-Marmara">The Sea of Marmara</a> is an inland sea separating the Asiatic and European parts of Turkey, spanning 175 miles long from northeast to southwest and 50 miles wide at its greatest width. It is connected to the Black Sea through the Bosphorus - a waterway also known as the Strait of Istanbul - on the northeast.BBC News reports that fishermen traveling through the sea are prevented from working as the "sea snot" is clogging up their motors and nets.The publication added that divers have reported a large number of fish and other species dying due to suffocation. "Due to the overgrowth of the mucilage, several species are under threat [including] oysters, mussels, sea stars," Professor Bayram Ozturk of the Turkish Marine Research Foundation told the BBC. "It's a real catastrophe."

Turkey's president vows to 'save' the country from the largest outbreak of 'sea snot' on record

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Some sailors off the Iberian coast are turning to heavy metal to deter orcas from ramming into their boats.</li><li>A marine mammal researcher told Insider that the strategy could backfire. </li></ul>Sailors using <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sailors-heavy-metal-spotifiy-playlist-blast-threatening-orcas-2023-11">heavy metal</a> music to deter orcas from ramming into their boats could find that the strategy backfires.After a series of incidents this year where a population of orca whales near the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/orca-encounters-happening-every-day-near-spain-and-portugal-2023-6?_gl=1*ttddv8*_ga*NjAyMzc1OTA2LjE2ODQ5NjAzMjA.*_ga_E21CV80ZCZ*MTcwMDA3Njk0My4yMjMuMS4xNzAwMDc3ODYwLjQ5LjAuMA..">Iberian Peninsula</a> began targeting and sinking sailboats, sailors in the region are looking for ways to deter the massive marine mammals.A German sailor told <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/15/world/europe/orcas-attacks-boats.html">The New York Times</a> that his crew turned to a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sailors-heavy-metal-spotifiy-playlist-blast-threatening-orcas-2023-11">heavy metal playlist,</a> blasted through underwater speakers, to scare off orcas — although, in his experience, the playlist proved to be a complete failure.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-killer-whales-orcas-attack-sink-boats-2023-6">Andrew Trites</a>, director of the Marine Mammal Research Unit at the University of British Columbia, told Business Insider that using brash and blaring tunes to avoid orcas could help the whale find the boats."Initially, the playing of loud sounds underwater might mask the signature sounds of sailboats — but ultimately the whales would catch on and use it to more easily locate vessels playing it," Trites said.Trites also explained that orcas can hear at higher frequencies than humans, meaning that trying to cover up the sounds of sailboats that the orcas have come to recognize is a futile exercise.Ultimately, the practice is not encouraged.The only way heavy metal, or any music, could be effective at discouraging orcas from approaching boats is if it were played so loud that it hurts the animal and causes hearing loss, Trites said. (Needless to say, humans should not do this.)Additionally, Trites told Business Insider that if sailors adopted this method, the most harmful result would be an addition to noise pollution in the ocean."The biggest problem with blasting music underwater of any kind is that it is ultimately just adding more noise pollution to the ocean which can have detrimental effects on other marine life," Trites said.Noise pollution is already a major issue for marine animals that rely on sound to attract mates, communicate with friends and family, track food sources, avoid predators, and navigate the ocean, according <a target="_blank" href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/ocean-noise.html">to NOAA</a>. Sound travels more quickly and much further in water than it does through air, making it a useful tool for underwater species, scientists <a target="_blank" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aba4658">have noted.</a>Human-caused noise pollution comes from a variety of sources, including ships, energy production via wind turbines, underwater mining, and even low-flying planes. Anthropogenic climate change is also affecting underwater soundscapes, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aba4658">research shows</a>.As of now, scientists are still unsure how to stop the Iberian orca population from ramming into boats, but experts say there are a variety of methods to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/orca-killer-whale-attack-boat-expert-advice-2023-5">keep sailors safe</a> during these encounters.These methods include: avoiding orcas or keeping a distance when spotted, de-powering the boat and dropping sails, maintaining a low profile as they approach the boat, keeping a firm grip on the boat in case they do ram into the vessel, and waiting until the orcas leave the area until sailing again."At this point, the jury is still out assessing exactly what is going on, and what can be done (if anything) to stop this adherent targeting of sailboats by this small group of killer whales," Trites told Insider. "It is not a passing fad — and is going to take a coordinated effort by orca specialists and mariners to experimentally try different deterrence methods to figure out what is going to ultimately work."

Sailors playing heavy metal to scare killer whales may be putting a target on their backs by telling the orcas exactly where to find them

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/aerial-punta-prima-menorca-1042291177?src=WgJcVy_ggGBG2iyErsoPNw-2-51">David Jeffrey Morgan / Shutterstock</a>An aerial view of Punta Prima, Menorca.</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Menorca is a protected nature reserve whose diverse species of seaweed, fish, and shellfish make it the Mediterranean's equivalent of the Great Barrier Reef.</li><li>But while the land on Menorca is protected, the sea around it is plagued by unregulated fishing, tourism, and pollution.</li><li>According to the Blue Marine Foundation, 90% of fish stocks are overexploited in the Mediterranean, and 90% of large fish have also disappeared from the oceans since 1950.</li><li>Large fish eat jellyfish, but because most of them are gone the jellyfish population has exploded - making many beaches in the Med unswimmable.</li><li>Charities are working to preserve marine life in places like Menorca. But there are some simple things ordinary visitors can do, too.</li></ul>With canyons, woodlands, plenty of wildlife, 216km of coastline, white sand, and sparkling blue water, the small island of Menorca is a beach-lover's dream. Menorca's waters, known for their bluefin tuna, are considered to be one of the last unspoiled areas of the Mediterranean, with a diverse range of <a href="https://www.sunseeker.com/en-GB/project-menorca/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">species of seaweed, fish, and shellfish living there</a>. Its stunning abundance of sea creatures and plants make it the Mediterranean's equivalent of the Galápagos Islands or the Great Barrier Reef.The island is a Unesco Biosphere Reserve. It's home to five natural reserves and parks, including a marine reserve off the north coast. Development on the island is highly restricted.But while the land on Menorca is protected, the island's waters are threatened by unregulated fishing, tourism, and pollution.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/aerial-view-menorca-summer-1183755448?src=WgJcVy_ggGBG2iyErsoPNw-1-52">davidaguerophoto / Shutterstock</a>Boats in Menorca.</div></div></div>Rory Moore, Senior Projects Manager for the <a href="https://www.bluemarinefoundation.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blue Marine Foundation</a>, a charity which aims to create marine reserves and models of sustainable fishing, told Business Insider: "It's important to remember the Mediterranean was once one of the most productive seas on the planet, with a huge amount of biodiversity from habitats to fish."However, he added that over the last 50 or 60 years we've fished the sea heavily, and that the Mediterranean has suffered badly because of the number and size of countries that border it."There's a huge amount of human influence and pressure on the Mediterranean, and 90% of all fish stock are unsustainably fished," he said. According to the Blue Marine Foundation, 90% of large fish have also disappeared from the oceans since 1950.<h2>'You don't see any fish because there's hardly any left'</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/photograph-some-fish-crystal-clear-waters-1032335311?src=DH4jPFL98DJ5Jm216jemtA-1-23">Miriam artgraphy / Shutterstock</a>Fish in the sea off Menorca.</div></div></div>Moore said many people visiting the Mediterranean "don't have a good understanding of what's there in terms of the marine environment."Despite the fact that at least hundreds of marine species are still present, he said: "You swim around and you don't see any fish because there's hardly any left."With a huge demand in the Mediterranean for fish, the most traded food commodity on the planet, according to Moore, he added that "anything targeted by fishing boats" is at risk, including lobster, grouper, octopus, and sea.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/ciutadella-menorca-spain-28-october-2018-1216400638?src=DH4jPFL98DJ5Jm216jemtA-1-0">philip openshaw / Shutterstock</a>The fish market in Ciutadella Menorca.</div></div></div>The Mediterranean sea is also the most important bluefin tuna fishery in the world, according to the WWF - but the animal is endangered due to overfishing.Moore said that while stocks of bluefin tuna have rebounded since a quota was set by the EU on the amount that can be caught each year, they are still under threat as the quota is increasing.Meanwhile, most other species of fish don't even have a quota, and rely on fishermen themselves "fishing sustainably," he added.To try to counteract overfishing, particularly by big companies, the Blue Marine Foundation has launched a number of projects in the Mediterranean, including Project Menorca, a collaboration with Sunseeker <keyword id="6356001" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="international">International</keyword>."We're trying to engage with small-scale fishermen," he said. "In the Med about 70% of fishermen are small-scale, low impact, but they only catch about 20% of the fish. Other big commercial boats use tons of diesel, have a high impact, and catch most of the fish."He added that smaller, local fisheries tend to support marine protection because they "see that within a few years the fish come back."<h2>Protecting the waters</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/boat-silhouette-underwater-fish-blue-sea-199127480?src=DH4jPFL98DJ5Jm216jemtA-1-30">Rich Carey / Shutterstock</a>A boat in Menorca.</div></div></div>Menorca's status as a Biosphere Reserve means its plant and animal habitats have been protected since 1993, when it was given the nomination due to its diversity of species and ability to use its resources to benefit the island.Moore said that the current protection exists in one area in the north of the island, with a new area planned in the south in 2019.However, as part of its <a href="https://www.sunseeker.com/en-GB/project-menorca/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Project Menorca</a> initiative, the Blue Marine Foundation is trying to extend the current protection to 12 miles offshore, which would include the marine area, hopefully allowing it to be better managed by regulating fishing."The problem seems to be, the local fisherman are out-competed by fishermen in Spain who can fish in these waters," he said. "There's no exclusivity for them. The biosphere has the capacity to manage the waters."The seabeds are shallow, and are home to coral which makes snorkeling a popular pastime.However, the seagrass beds, which absorb 35 times more CO2 than a rainforest, are also being impacted.The seagrass is a plant which creates and preserves the sand, protecting the beaches and keeping the water transparent, <a href="https://www.spain-holiday.com/Menorca/articles/menorca-a-biosphere-reserve-and-natural-paradise" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to Spain-Holiday.com.</a>"It's a nursery area for small fish, and what generally happens in the Med, either pollution or anchoring of boats are the two main damages to seagrass," he said, adding that the grass is "dragged up" by anchors and wiped out."The pollution side is slightly difficult to tackle, [but we're working on] putting down eco-moorings. People can attach their boats to these moorings so people don't have to put anchors down on the seagrass."He added that the moorings are supported by an app which provides information about the environment.Other initatives Project Menorca is behind include replacing fish packaging with paper instead of plastic, removing "ghost" fishing nets, beach cleanups, and distributing recyclable bags across the island.<h2>It's not just Menorca</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/jellyfish-menorca-1046169421?src=elQzgwDRB9SdvFvaxFUTWA-1-22">David Jeffrey Morgan / Shutterstock</a>Jellyfish in Menorca.</div></div></div>It's not just Menorca that's suffering.Hordes of jellyfish in the waters of southern Spain are proof that both climate change and human impact is destabilising the ecosystems, <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/why-so-many-gosh-darn-jellyfish/a-44127712" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to international German broadcaster Deutsche Welle (DW).</a><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/bathing-bans-in-mallorca-lifted-again/a-43907582" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Earlier this year</a>, beaches on the island of Mallorca and the seaside town Benidorm were closed due to a plague of jellyfish-like creatures.Their abundance is partly due to unsustainable fishing practices, with overfishing depleting the jellyfish's natural predators, like sea turtles, swordfish, ocean sunfish, and Atlantic bluefin tuna.Chemicals also play a role, since the water that makes it into the Mediterranean is often polluted and full of nitrates which are key to phytoplankton growth, which means more food for jellyfish, DW reported.In a study by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) published last year, <a href="https://phys.org/news/2017-04-state-mediterranean-fish-stocks.html#jCp" target="_blank" rel="noopener">scientists warned</a> that the pressures on the Mediterranean Sea "might push the ecosystem beyond the point of no return," emphasising the need to "act now."Outside of the Med, the global impact of overfishing and pollution on the oceans is also well documented.An analysis by the Wildlife Conservation Society <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/26/just-13-of-global-oceans-undamaged-by-humanity-research-reveals" target="_blank" rel="noopener">released in July</a> and published in the journal Current Biology found that just 13% of the world's oceans remain untouched by the damaging impacts of humanity, and just 5% of the remaining ocean wilderness is within existing marine protection areas."The vast majority of marine wilderness could be lost at any time, as improvements in technology allow us to fish deeper and ship farther than ever before," Kendall Jones, at the University of Queensland, Australia, and the Wildlife Conservation Society, said.Meanwhile, in February 2018, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/feb/22/half-of-worlds-oceans-now-fished-industrially-maps-reveal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">new maps revealed</a> half of the world's oceans are now industrially fished. <h2>'Know where your fish is coming from'</h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/photograph-beach-on-menorca-spain-beginning-1085074766?src=WgJcVy_ggGBG2iyErsoPNw-1-81">Miriam artgraphy / Shutterstock</a>A beach in Menorca.</div></div></div>While charities like the Blue Marine Foundation are working to preserve the marine life in places like Menorca, there are also some simple things tourists can do to help prevent the situation from worsening, according to Moore."Know where your fish is coming from," he suggested. "Ask if it's local, when was it caught, who caught it. Read up on what's there, what's good for that season.He added that the charity is currently designing guides for each area for tourists can read about what's being caught when, and how it's being caught."There are restaurants serving up fish from all over the world, [and] it doesn't allow local fishermen to have local value for their catch, which there should be awareness of," he said.He added that other "obvious things" involve not eating endangered species, or not dropping plastic on the beach."Awareness of seafood is important," he said. "There's not enough understanding of what the sea once was."This article is part of a collaboration with James Blunt and the marine conservation charity Blue Marine Foundation. The charity is dedicated to creating marine reserves and establishing sustainable models of fishing, with a mission to protect 30% of the world's oceans by 2030. To find out more visit <a href="http://www.bluemarinefoundation.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.bluemarinefoundation.com&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1545417004442000&amp;usg=AFQjCNHkr1vjdrpSpBSrxwSezugA0SY9zg">www.bluemarinefoundation.com</a>. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/christmas-tree-fire-prevention-steps-2017-12">Your Christmas tree could be a big fire hazard - take these steps to stay safe</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

Huge swarms of jellyfish are making it difficult to swim in the Mediterranean -&#160;and they're there because tuna is disappearing from the sea

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">RS Iyer/APIndian workers use brooms to sweep away dust in the morning fog in Greater Noida, near New Delhi, India, November 10, 2017.</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Humans <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-cities-worst-air-pollution-2019-3">pollute the air</a>, land, and sea by burning fossil fuels, overusing chemicals and pesticides, and creating sewage run-off.</li><li>The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-air-pollution-does-to-your-body-and-brain-2018-8">health consequences of that pollution</a> are clear: Air pollution causes some 8.8 million deaths annually worldwide. </li><li>Marine animals that ingest microplastics and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/exxon-valdez-spill-other-disasters-contaminated-ocean-2019-3">methylmercury also pass along these toxic pollutants</a> to the people who consume them.</li></ul>Humans excel at consuming resources and creating waste.Not only does pollution - in all its myriad forms - negatively impact the planet's climate and ecosystems, it can also be deadly.Burning fossil fuels like oil and natural gas, for instance, <a href="https://www.nrdc.org/stories/fossil-fuels-dirty-facts">emits harmful air pollutants</a> like benzene (a chemical inked to childhood leukemia and blood disorders) and formaldehyde (a known carcinogen). Plus, it sends large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere - which leads more heat to get trapped on Earth.When we think of pollution, oil spills, litter, and smog often come to mind. But there are other, less obvious pollutants that people spread all the time. Here are 17 different types of pollution that impact the environment - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-air-pollution-does-to-your-body-and-brain-2018-8">and human health</a> - every day.

19 types of pollution you might encounter every day that could hurt your health, from radioactive toxins to cancer-causing chemicals

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-human-activity-earth-day-2017-3">June 5th is World Environment Day</a> - an annual celebration of our environment meant to encourage people to protect it.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/paris-climate-change-limits-100-years-2017-6">Human activities like carbon emissions</a> and deforestation are threatening Earth's flora and fauna in unprecedented ways. Many species are resilient - but only to a point.</li><li>These photos, some of them from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bear-grylls-attitude-you-need-to-survive-wild-2019-4">National Geographic's docu-series "Hostile Planet,"</a> reveal the ways Earth's inhabitants are fighting to survive.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet"> Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>. </li></ul>June 5 marks the <a href="https://www.earthday.org/earthday/">35th annual World Environment Day</a> - a global event spearheaded by the United Nations that aims to increase worldwide action to protect our environment.Every year, the UN campaigns to raise awareness about environmental issues like marine pollution, increasing carbon emissions, and overpopulation. In 2019, the focus is<a href="https://youtu.be/1rkBl2KIKAo"> addressing air pollution</a>.Air pollution causes some 8.8 million deaths annually worldwide. Currently, <a href="https://www.who.int/airpollution/en/">91% of the world's population</a> lives in places where the air quality does not meet the standards for safety set by the World Health Organization.Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/types-of-pollution-health-effects-2019-3">19 types of pollution you might encounter every day that could hurt your health</a>Humans <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-cities-worst-air-pollution-2019-3">pollute the air</a>, land, and sea by burning fossil fuels, overusing chemicals and pesticides, and creating sewage run-off.The human health consequences of pollution aside, the degradation of our natural environment is forcing hundreds, if not thousands, of species down <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/signs-of-6th-mass-extinction-2019-3">a path to extinction</a>. As news on the environmental front gets more dire - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/oceans-warming-faster-than-we-thought-2019-1">oceans are warming</a>, Arctic and Antarctic <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/greenland-approaching-threshold-of-irreversible-melting-2019-1">ice melt is increasing</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/plastic-in-oceans-414-million-pieces-trash-pacific-islands-2019-5">5 trillion pounds of plastic</a> have entered the seas - it's all the more important to remember that our planet is filled with species and habitats worth protecting.In honor of World Environment Day, we've compiled some of the most beautiful - and heartbreaking - images of our planet and its flora and fauna.Here are 30 images that illustrate our planet and its species' fragility and resilience.

Stunning photos reveal the fragility and resilience of the Earth and its animals

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="115238" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Plastic-waste">Plastic waste</keyword> in the oceans is causing "hyperactivity" in hermit crabs, according to a new <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X21005671#f0010">study</a>. </li><li>But the "exciting" response in the species may have detrimental effects on <keyword id="400852" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="marine-life">marine life</keyword> and its ecosystem.</li><li>Plastic congestion by marine animals can have an array of negative effects, including cancer.</li></ul>Amid the constant barrage of dire climate news and existential environmental dread, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025326X21005671#f0010">one new study</a> from across the pond suggests the ecological crisis may be impacting a common crustacean in a stimulating way. A team of scientists at England's University of Hull determined that a chemical leaked from plastic dumped in the ocean is eliciting "hyperactivity" in hermit crabs. The researchers, who are studying how climate change and plastic waste in the ocean impact marine life, studied 40 crabs in waters off the Yorkshire Coast. The team found signs that oleamide, an additive found in plastic that is released into the oceans, is increasing respiration rates among the species' population - an indication of excitement and attraction. The hermit crabs may be mistaking that plastic waste additive for a similar chemical that is naturally released by the species' food sources, researchers found, which could have harmful effects on the ecosystem.Jack Greenshields, the lead researcher on the study, told Insider that hermit crabs, who are scavengers, smell the naturally-occurring chemical called oleic acid from decaying corpses, which draws the animals to their food sources. But because oleamide - the additive coming from plastic waste in the ocean - smells so similarly, the hermit crabs may be drawn to the pollutants, falsely thinking it's a food source."If they were scavenging for eating purposes, it wouldn't only waste energy, but...they could ingest the actual plastic itself, which could be toxic to the animals," Greenshields said. He added that plastic congestion by marine animals can have an array of negative effects, including cancer.In addition to acting as a false feeding cue for <keyword id="1780892" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Hermit-Crab">hermit crab</keyword>s, oleamide has also previously been found to be a major component in the sex pheromone of cleaner shrimp, which are distant relatives of the hermit crab. As such, Greenshields said it's possible that the pollutant could also "invoke a sexual response" in the hermit crabs. The prospect of plastic waste making hermit crabs sexually aroused has sparked widespread <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/08/10/hermit-crabs-sexually-excited-plastic-pollution/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_campaign=wp_main&amp;utm_medium=socialm=social">media</a> <a href="https://news.sky.com/story/hermit-crabs-sexually-excited-by-toxins-from-plastic-pollution-12377812">coverage</a> of the study, but Greenshields said the research cannot yet confirm that possibility."It's definitely an avenue that could be explored," he told Insider. "But it's not 100%.Greenshields said the study is only the start for investigating how wide-ranging the problem of plastic truly is in marine environments. He said he hopes to continue looking into the extent of what this oleamide attraction means not just for hermit crabs, but for other marine life as well.He also emphasized that the public can play a role in eliminating plastic waste in the oceans by not using single-use plastic, pressuring companies to use bio-degradable plastic, and making sure studies like his garner government attention.

Researchers found that plastic pollutants in the ocean may be 'exciting' hermit crabs, which could lead to disrupted marine food webs

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A slimey marine mucilage has been threatening <keyword id="400852" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="marine-life">marine life</keyword> in the Sea of Marmara, near Istanbul.</li><li>Photos show the slime, known as "sea snot," covering waters of the Sea of Marmara.</li></ul>A slimy "sea snot" is clogging up water off the shore of <keyword id="6372909" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="turkey">Turkey</keyword>.Photos show a thick layer of slime, known as marine mucilage, covering the Sea of Marmara south of Istanbul. The slime is a discharge of protein, carbohydrates, and fat from phytoplankton, a microscopic algae.For months that substance has been <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/turkey-sea-snot-crisis-devastates-fishing-marine-life-2021-5">filling fish nets, threatening marine life, and suffocating coral.</a>Scientists suspect that climate change is fueling the sea-snot crisis, and runoff from nitrogen- and phosphorous-rich fertilizer could also be playing a part.<div type="image" title="An aerial photo of the sea at the Caddebostan shore, in Asian side of Istanbul, Monday, June 7, 2021, with a huge mass of marine mucilage, a thick, slimy substance made up of compounds released by marine organisms, in Turkey's Marmara Sea." height="1776" width="2500" msid="83315794" hostid="261"></div>Environment Minister Murat Kurum told Reuters on Sunday that officials plan to designate the Sea of Marmara a protected area in an attempt to reduce pollution, and he called on local residents to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/turkey-sea-snot-outbreak-largest-on-record-pollution-2021-6">help in the country's maritime clean-up efforts.</a>"We will take all the necessary steps within three years and realize the projects that will save not only the present but also the future together," <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-says-it-will-defeat-sea-snot-outbreak-marmara-sea-2021-06-06/">he told Reuters.</a>

Photos show slimy 'sea snot' clogging up the sea near Turkey

<ul class="summary-list"><li>French officials are trying to rescue a beluga whale trapped in the River Seine, <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220806-french-authorities-plan-to-give-vitamins-to-malnourished-beluga-whale-in-the-seine">AFP reported.</a></li><li>Officials say the mammal is visibly malnourished and attempts to feed it have been unsuccessful. </li></ul>French officials are attempting to use a vitamin cocktail to rescue a beluga whale that has become trapped in the River Seine, according to the <a href="https://www.france24.com/en/france/20220806-french-authorities-plan-to-give-vitamins-to-malnourished-beluga-whale-in-the-seine">AFP News Agency</a>. The BBC <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62453347">reported</a> that authorities hope the vitamin injection will stimulate the beluga's appetite so it can continue its journey through the river, out to the English Channel, and back to its Arctic habitat. AFP <a href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/health-fears-over-beluga-whale-spotted-in-frances-seine-river/ar-AA10hWfh">reported</a> the whale was first spotted in the river on Tuesday. <div type="image" title="A beluga whale swims between two locks on the Seine river, in Notre-Dame-de-la-Garenne, northwestern France, on August 6, 2022." height="3426" width="4568" msid="93405356" hostid="261" sizebytes="373012"></div>Lamya Essemlali, the head of Sea Shepherd, a non-profit marine conservation organization, told the AFP that "the environment is not very welcoming for the beluga, the Seine is very polluted and cetaceans are extremely sensitive to noise."While belugas aren't endangered, according to the National Marine Fisheries Service the whales are vulnerable to a number of stressors which include pollution, habitat degradation, and other types of human disturbance. <div type="image" title="The beluga whale appears to be underweight and officials are worried about its health, regional authorities said." height="2096" width="2794" msid="93405357" hostid="261" sizebytes="181216"></div>Experts haven't been able to figure out how the whale ended up in the Seine. The BBC said officials located small spots on the beluga's skin but aren't sure whether it's a reaction to the water in the river or a sign of the animal's waning health. This isn't the first time a mammal has wound up in the French waterway: In May, a killer whale was found <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61634598">dead</a> in the River Seine after becoming ill with mucormycosis, a rare but serious disease that causes a fungal infection.

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You Searched For "marine pollution" and got 11 results

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Huge swarms of jellyfish are making it difficult to swim in the Mediterranean - and they're there because tuna is disappearing from the sea