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India's vision to be malaria-free by 2027 and to eliminate the disease by 2030 is absolutely possible, but some challenges remain, said experts here on <keyword id="1026106" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="world-malaria-day" source="Orion">World Malaria Day</keyword> on Tuesday.<br /><br />The country has made tremendous progress in its <keyword id="28154" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="malaria" source="Orion">malaria</keyword> elimination journey -- observing a reduction of nearly 66 per cent in its official malaria burden between 2018 and 2022.<br /><br />In 2021, India accounted for 79 per cent of all malaria cases of the Southeast Asia region, according to the World Malaria Report 2022, released by the World Health Organization (WHO). India also accounted for about 83 per cent of all malaria deaths in the region.<br /><br />However, among the high burden and high impact countries in the SE Asia region, India showed a decline in deaths.<br /><br />"Considering the huge success of Covid-19 control, India can do it -- control and elimination of Malaria is absolutely possible for India, with political will and societal support," Dr Nilima Kshirsagar, former National Chair and Emeritus Scientist ICMR, told IANS.<br /><br />"While India's progress deserves applause and acknowledgement, the road to elimination is still steep, and one ridden with critical challenges -- India still accounts for the majority of the malaria burden of WHO's Southeast Asia region," added Pratik Kumar, Country Director, Malaria No More India -- a nonprofit working in the country since 2016 to support India's ambition of achieving malaria elimination by 2030.<br /><br />Disruptions due to Covid, potential effects of climate change, humanitarian crisis, health system shortfall, limited donor funding are some of the challenges in combating malaria, Dr Nilima said. <br /><br />These are further compounded by decline in effectiveness of our primary malaria fighting tool that is, insecticide treated nets and antimalarial drug regimen, she noted.<br /><br />Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by parasites (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale) that are transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.<br /><br />In 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, along with other 17 regional leaders committed India to eliminating malaria in Asia by 2030. <br /><br />To receive the official certification of elimination by the WHO, India must achieve zero transmission of malaria cases by 2027 and sustain such transmission for the subsequent three years till 2030.<br /><br />"India witnessed 85.1 per cent decline in malaria cases and 83.36 per cent decline in deaths during 2015-2022," Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya, said at the Asia-Pacific Leaders' Conclave on Malaria Elimination on Monday.<br /><br />Compared to 2019, India was the only high-burden, high-impact country in the SE Asia region to report a decline in malaria cases in 2020, he added.<br /><br />"While elimination is a difficult goal under any circumstance, changing our strategic approach from control to elimination and addressing certain key gaps and challenges -- such as absence of private sector in the fight, hidden malaria burden, lack of intersectoral action, exclusion of private health providers (local/traditional healers), and lax behaviour change communication -- can help India achieve our ambition of eliminating the disease by 2030, in line with the Prime Minister's vision," Kumar told IANS.<br /><br />To tackle malaria menace, several next generation antimalarial treatments are being developed. Some existing drugs are being repurposed, recombined and progressed for chemoprevention.<br /><br />One of the important developments has been the Malaria vaccine. These target various stages of parasite cycle, pre-erythrocytic cycle stage, blood stage, sexual stage, malaria in pregnancy.<br /><br />RTS,S/ASOI is an approved vaccine. Recently another vaccine R21/Matrix, manufactured by Serum Institute of India has been approved in Ghana and Nigeria for P.falciparum. For P. vivax there are three vaccines in development.<br /><br />"To help India reach zero malaria by 2027, we need drugs that do not spend much time in the drug discovery pipeline. Drug repurposing is one such way for faster development of drugs," Dr Shailja Singh, Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, whose recent research was aimed at blocking the transmission of fatal malaria parasites, told IANS.<br /><br />Her team identified Rocaglamide (Roc-A), a known inhibitor of Prohibitins and anti-cancerous agent as a potent antimalarial. They also reported the repurposing of the anti-hepatitis C virus drug alisporivir, a non-immunosuppressive analog of cyclosporin A, against artemisinin-resistant strains of P. falciparum.<br /><br />Alisporivir exhibited potent antiparasitic effect against P. falciparum parasite, both in in vitro culture and in an in vivo mice model.<br /><br />"Altogether, with the repurposing of alisporivir against malaria, our results support the hypothesis that targeting resistance mechanisms is a viable approach toward dealing with drug-resistant parasites," Dr Shailja said.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/jiocinema-may-soon-launch-premium-subscription-plans-offering-4k-content-starting-at-2-per-day/articleshow/99736111.cms">JioCinema may soon launch premium subscription plans starting at ₹2 per day</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/mahindra-bolero-roars-past-1-lakh-sales-mark-in-fy23/articleshow/99725410.cms">Mahindra Bolero roars past 1 lakh sales mark in FY23, proving it's still a favourite amongst Indians</a><br /><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/indian-smartphone-shipments-decline-by-20-in-q1-2023-as-per-canalys/articleshow/99633303.cms"><strong>Oppo bucks the trend as India’s smartphone shipments drop 20% in Q1 2023: Canalys</strong></a><br />

World Malaria Day: It's possible to eradicate it, but challenges remain say experts

<ul><li><strong>India witnesses an increase in <keyword id="28154" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="malaria">Malaria</keyword> cases every year during the monsoon in July.<br /></strong></li><li><strong>With most hospitals and medical staff busy containing COVID-19, it might be difficult for the country to diagnose and treat Malaria. <br /></strong></li><li><strong>According to the <keyword id="6356311" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="World-Health-Organisation">World Health Organisation</keyword>, India is among countries with the 5th highest burden of malaria in the world.</strong></li></ul>As India fights the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> pandemic, another health crisis might be lurking around which requires attention - Malaria. <br /><br />India witnesses a surge in Malaria every year during the monsoons around the month of July. The local authorities step up their efforts ahead of it, with sanitation and awareness drives. However, this year, most health authorities are busy controlling the COVID-19 pandemic and experts believe that it might lead to a resurgence of Malaria. <br /><br />“India has proved its dedication to end malaria, reflected through the diverse involvement in malaria programs of political, government leadership, community leaders, civil society. This has led to steady progress since 2000 and significant progress in the last two years. India has an opportunity to protect this progress. If these effective programs could start immediately – and safely – after the lockdown is lifted and before the onset of monsoon rains in early June, India’s progress against malaria can be maintained,” <a href="https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fd887da42-7fbc-11ea-b0fb-13524ae1056b&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cmichal.fishman%40malarianomore.org%7C319ea9cc254d44fe46f708d7e85a2748%7Cc71e116b0676456abc051ce5d7508fd5%7C0%7C0%7C637233346214478857&amp;sdata=wV7iBxWJfL2AdRJUMBPq5EuAqKdn%2BRyEKgd%2FimRCbXE%3D&amp;reserved=0">said Sanjeev Gaikwad</a>, India country director of <keyword id="3914298" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="malaria-no-more">Malaria No More</keyword> — an NGO which aims to end Malaria within a generation. It also supports India’s goal of Malaria elimination by 2030. <br /><br />According to the World Health Organisation, India has the 5th highest burden of malaria in the world. It reported 430,000 cases of Malaria in 2018 alone. Experts fear an outbreak as most of its population resides in M<a href="https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fnvbdcp.gov.in%2Findex4.php%3Flang%3D1%26level%3D0%26linkid%3D420%26lid%3D3699&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cmichal.fishman%40malarianomore.org%7C319ea9cc254d44fe46f708d7e85a2748%7Cc71e116b0676456abc051ce5d7508fd5%7C0%7C0%7C637233346214488831&amp;sdata=n2yACOc3ABBytLD8MDXOyuJN86ycDhp4ArME1GyHKHg%3D&amp;reserved=0">alaria-endemic regions. </a><br /><br /><strong>Health authorities are busy elsewhere <br /></strong><br />By this time every year, before the monsoon sets in, municipal authorities spray <keyword id="79279" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="insecticide">insecticide</keyword>s and larvicides across cities and states conduct campaigns to raise awareness and provide long-lasting insecticide nets to the needy. Accredited social health activists or ASHAs are also deployed to conduct active surveillance and direct interaction with families at risk that can help diagnose and treat Malaria early. This time, however, all the attention has shifted elsewhere. <br /><br />“Insecticide-treated mosquito nets have already been distributed and all preparations for the pre-monsoon intensification of anti-Malaria activities in states like Odisha are in place. If these activities could start immediately after the lockdown is lifted and before the onset of monsoon rains in early June, India’s progress against malaria can be maintained,” Malaria No More told <keyword id="824043" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Business-Insider">Business Insider</keyword> India. <br /><br /><strong>Eerily similar symptoms <br /></strong><br />It might also get tougher to detect when Malaria strikes. The symptoms of COVID-19 and Malaria are eerily similar — fever, myalgia and fatigue. This <a href="https://nam02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiaspend.com%2Fmalaria-season-looms-as-india-struggles-to-contain-covid-19%2F&amp;data=02%7C01%7Cmichal.fishman%40malarianomore.org%7C319ea9cc254d44fe46f708d7e85a2748%7Cc71e116b0676456abc051ce5d7508fd5%7C0%7C0%7C637233346214488831&amp;sdata=%2Bz2CQpn2uKb7DP%2F7D48Ty8XLXJZlsY6%2F2h2bN9JV32I%3D&amp;reserved=0">may lead to challenges in early diagnos</a>is of either of the disease. That can only multiply the troubles of the already stressed healthcare system. <br /><br />This pattern was noticed during the Ebola outbreak as well in Africa. People in <keyword id="53062" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Guinea">Guinea</keyword>, Liberia and Sierra Leona faced problems detecting disease at the early stage. That led to the death of over a thousand people due to Malaria, in Guinea alone. <br /><br />“When adversity strikes, countries with strong, robust health systems are better able to detect, monitor and respond to health crises, without interrupting other essential health services. India has an urgent opportunity to act before the monsoons to save lives and protect our health systems and India’s progress against this preventable and treatable disease,” added Malaria No More. <br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/data-of-coronavirus-patients-state-wise-in-india/articleshow/74669748.cms">Coronavirus cases in India state wise</a><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/topic/coronavirus">Coronavirus News and Updates</a> </strong><br />

India could see a resurgence of Malaria as health systems are busy containing Covid-19

<p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/financing-a-sustainable-future-2022"></a></p><div type="image" title="A person being vaccinated against Covid-19 on May 14, 2022 in Noida, India." height="2624" width="3498" msid="91692043" hostid="261"></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed inequities in access to healthcare around the world and depleted focus on other health needs.</li><li>The second Global COVID-19 Summit last week focused on the situation today and a fund by the <keyword id="11898619" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="world-bank" source="Orion">World Bank</keyword> to mitigate a future crisis. </li></ul><p>Speakers at the <a href="https://www.state.gov/second-global-covid-19-summit/">second Global COVID-19 Summit</a> said it: The current crisis isn't over. But getting ready for the next pandemic is essential, even as countries continue on the <keyword id="13988012" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="path" source="Orion">path</keyword> to recovery. </p><p>The virtual summit, which was held last week and co-hosted by the US, Belize, Germany, Indonesia, and Senegal, secured financial commitments from some of the participating countries for a new proposed health fund that would be housed at the World Bank, intended to underwrite a speedy response to a future pandemic. It emerged as the result of a task force imitated by the G20 in October 2021. </p><p>"The new Financial Intermediary Fund, or FIF, for Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response at the World Bank will complement our financing and technical advice — core instruments that strengthen health systems and preparedness," said David Malpass, president of World Bank Group, at the summit. </p><p>"The FIF is an important part of the solution to build country, regional, and global capacity," he added. "It will bring additional, dedicated resources, incentivize countries to increase investments, and enhance coordination among partners."</p><p>Malpass said the Bank hopes to finalize the fund by June and launch it later this year. "We are determined to do all we can to help countries vaccinate their populations, particularly the most vulnerable, working with international partners and with countries in the lead."</p><p>Supporters of the fund say the structure could help mitigate the inequities that have been a feature of COVID, where richer countries have had access to more testing, vaccines, and care. </p><p>"We have all learned in the last couple of years that countries will take care of themselves if they're able to," said Heather Ignateus, managing director, advocacy and public policy at <a href="https://www.path.org/">PATH</a>, a nonprofit focused on <keyword id="12189695" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="global-health" source="Orion">global health</keyword> equity. "Countries that do require external support often don't get what they need for a rapid and equitable response to global health challenges."</p><p>Ignateus says that work on this idea started back during the 2014 Ebola outbreak and that the key feature of the fund is to ensure that dedicated resources are available from day one of the next pandemics. Moreover, it will direct funding to build out infrastructure where it is currently lacking, which is essential to effectively manage an outbreak. </p><p>Some $712 million toward the FIF were promised during the summit, including $200 million from the US, adding to a previous $250 million that had already been pledged. President Joe Biden's 2023 budget also requests an additional $4.75 billion for the fund. Other countries also pledged funds, including Germany, with EUR 50 million, and $450 million from the European Union.  </p><h2>Balancing pandemic readiness with the 'aftershocks' of COVID</h2><p>Good health and wellbeing are Goal 3 of the <a href="https://sdgs.un.org/goals">UN Sustainable Development Goals</a>, with the target of ensuring healthy lives and wellbeing for all people by 2030. </p><p>COVID has "halted or reversed" progress toward global health goals and exacerbated inequities in healthcare, according to the<a href="https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2021/The-Sustainable-Development-Goals-Report-2021.pdf"> latest UN SDG report</a>, including reproductive care and mental health.  </p><p>In the wake of another pandemic, the FIF is meant to supply the needed funding so that resources used to fight other diseases aren't depleted. But the World Health Organization says that even COVID-related programs, like the Access to COVID Tools (ACT) Accelerator, which was set up in 2020, needs additional funding. </p><p>"The FIF is being established at a moment when core global public health goods are seriously underfunded-in particular, the [ACT Accelerator], which plays a central role in addressing the current gross inequity in access to Covid testing, treatments, and vaccine between high-income countries and LMICs." read the WHO statement. "It is critical that the FIF does not undermine financing for existing urgent public health needs."</p><p><a href="https://www.one.org/international/press/one-reaction-to-the-european-commissions-commitment-at-the-global-covid-summit/">The One Campaign</a>, which is focused on reducing poverty and preventable diseases, praised EU investment in the FIF fund, while maintaining that COVID is not the only problem that needs to be addressed. </p><p>"[FIF investment] must be complemented with leadership to tackle the aftershocks of this pandemic — such as setbacks in AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria," said Emily Wigens, EU director at the <keyword id="13988011" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="one-campaign" source="Orion">ONE Campaign</keyword> in a statement. "We have the tools and the knowledge to finish the fight against these deadly diseases — now we need political will."</p>

Global leaders are preparing for the next pandemic with commitments to a proposed new fund for prevention and response

<ul><li><strong>Marut Drones claims to have built India’s first drone to eradicate mosquitoes larvae and water hyacinth on lakes. <br /></strong></li><li><strong>It has also built autonomous drones for spraying on agricultural fields. <br /></strong></li><li><strong>The startup was also one of the top startups in Facebook India’s <keyword id="107950" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="artificial-intelligence">Artificial Intelligence</keyword> accelerator.<br /></strong></li></ul><keyword id="6367900" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="prem-kumar">Prem Kumar</keyword> Vislawath lives in the IT area of <keyword id="6354552" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="hyderabad">Hyderabad</keyword> – Gachibowli, whereas his parents lived 40 kms away near a lake – Mantrala Cheruvu. The name which means a ‘lake of magic’ has nothing magical about it. Moreso, it is swarming with mosquitoes. Whenever he visited home one situation that alarmed him was – the rising number of mosquitoes. <br /><br /><div type="Video" msid="72809434" hostid="261" title="The AI Buzz is eradicating mosquitoes" thumbUrl="https://denmark.timesinternet.in/cmslite/api/app/images.jpg?msid=72809434"></div>

<br /><br />With every visit, Vislawath would drop in a letter to the local municipal authorities. Seventeen letters went unresponded and he finally decided to visit them, one of whom said, “Educated people like you need to be helping out authorities in these situations.”<br /><br /><br />That’s when the IIT Guwahati graduate took a step back from his active role as the co-founder of Raasta Films, a filmmaking company and decided to build his second startup along with his batchmates Sai Kumar Chinthala and Suraj Peddi. They built Marut Drones – a startup that uses drones to spray <keyword id="65563" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mosquito">mosquito</keyword> killing repellent in Hyderabad’s massive lakes. <br /><br />“These lakes have water hyacinths growing in them, which often makes it difficult for authorities to enter and spray repellents. Workers too are prone to diseases when they enter water, as it also takes a long time to clean. With the drone we can easily target specific areas where larvae are breeding,” Vislawath told Business Insider. <br /><br />What disturbed Vislawath was that as many as 9.7 million cases of mosquito borne diseases are reported in a year. They lead to 40,297 deaths.<br /><br />The startup claims to have built India’s first drone to eradicate mosquitoes larvae and water hyacinth on lakes as well as autonomous drones that spray on agricultural fields. They also use an AI platform to identify mosquito borne diseases and the areas where they breed. <br /><br />“All  of Hyderabad has only 17 entomologists. Only when a complaint comes in, a manual survey is done to check for mosquito breeding. They don’t have real time data. With our technology, a dashboard will show them the data of different breeds of mosquitoes,” he said.<br /><br />Marut Drones has built an IOT device, which captures mosquitoes within a 500 metre range and identifies whether its male or female and what kind of disease it could be carrying. Based on that, they give recommendations on whether the specific area has larvae or adult mosquitoes and how to deal with it. <br /><br />Interestingly for Vislawath and Sai, it was an obvious choice to use drones as they used them for filmmaking. <br /><br />They partnered with the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. After a pilot in March in Miyapur lake , the mosquito larval density has come down from 41 per ladle of water to 28.<br /><br />With great results and a boost from the Hyderabad Municipal corporation, Marut Drones is now expanding to Mumbai and Raipur. <br /><br />“We aim to reach out to all smart cities in the country with our effective solutions,” said Vislawath. <br /><br />The startup was also one of the top startups in Facebook India’s Artificial Intelligence accelerator, through which they will get a month of mentorship from the social media giant.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:</strong><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/india-is-on-the-path-to-end-malaria-by-2030-but-dengue-is-spreading-fast-and-wide/articleshow/72395839.cms">India is on the path to end Malaria by 2030 — but dengue is spreading fast and wide</a><br />

AI is helping drones kill mosquitoes in Hyderabad – here's a chat with the filmmaker who made it happen

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Malaria, a mosquito-borne infection caused by a parasite, kills about half a million people every year.</p><p>Since the 1950s, the world has been working to eliminate the disease. They've had some success, though there are still a lot of obstacles that keep us from a malaria-free world, according to a <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/world-malaria-day/en/">new report</a> from the World Health Organization.</p><p>The biggest of those barriers is dealing with insecticide resistance.</p><p>Right now, the mosquito-borne disease is largely prevented using insecticides that are sprayed and used in netting, as well as antimalarial medications (there is no malaria vaccine). But mosquitoes are getting better at surviving these tactics, meaning that if we're to eliminate malaria in 35 countries by 2030, we'll need some stronger tools. </p><p>Malaria is responsible for <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/">more than half of mosquito-related deaths,</a> predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa, though that incidence of death has fallen by 60% since 2000, according to the WHO. But 3.2 billion people still live in areas that put them at risk for contracting malaria, and 214 million people contracted the disease in 2015.</p><p>Right now, there are 21 countries around the world that the WHO thinks have the potential to eliminate local transmission of malaria (meaning there would be no mosquitoes passing the disease from person to person) by 2020, including South Africa, Algeria, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Mexico, China, and Korea.</p><p>In the next 15 years, the WHO hopes to see more country-specific malaria prevention programs, as well as innovative ways to control malaria and the mosquitoes that transmit it.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/science-behind-why-you-should-not-pop-your-pimples-acne-dermatology-2016-4">The science behind why you shouldn't pop your pimples</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="tqMDFpMjE6PO8_mQr4gBWt0uPdf4FBhK" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Here's the biggest obstacle to wiping out one of the deadliest mosquito-borne diseases

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/BillGates/photos/a.10150331291841961/10155645521796961/?type=3&amp;theater">Bill Gates/Facebook</a></span></p><p class="caption">Bill and Melinda Gates</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Bill and Melinda Gates keep saying the word is getting better and it's easy to look around and shrug off their optimism.</li><li>So I spent a day at their foundation, talking to the people working on some of the world's hairiest, most intractable problems.</li><li>And they are winning.</li></ul><p>Bill and Melinda Gates keep insisting that - despite problems like climate change, political divisions and income disparity, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-trust-me-the-world-is-really-getting-better-not-worse-2018-1">world is getting better for most people on Earth.</a></p><p>In late January, Bill Gates expertly trolled the 10-year challenge meme with a tweet that said: "It's hard to beat this #10YearChallenge." The tweet <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/1/18/18188511/10-year-challenge-global-poverty-good-news?linkId=62841733">included a graphic </a>that showed how, in the last 10 years, extreme poverty, child mortality and youth illiteracy were all way down, while life expectancy was up.</p><p>The Gates' optimism is delightful. But it's easy to shrug it off as the rose-tinted perspective of a couple luxuriating in an abundance of gifts: intelligence, love, family, success and more money than King Midas.</p><p>I recently spent the day at the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, walking a mile in the billionaires' shoes, so to speak, and talking with some of the managers and directors who run various programs there. </p><p>Hearing about their work was inspiring and gave me a newfound hope for the future, just like Bill's.</p><p>And the reason is simple. These people are taking on some of the world's hairiest, most complex and seemingly intractable problems. </p><p>And they are winning.</p><h2>Death to polio and malaria</h2><p>Gates' father, Bill Gates, Sr., was the first to run the family charitable foundation in the late '90s. The foundation has morphed into a much bigger entity over time, especially after it became the main focus of Bill and Melinda Gates themselves.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/bill-gates-sr-and-bill-gates-are-seen-during-the-the-lasker-news-photo/181317443">Brian Ach/Getty Images</a></span></p><p class="caption">Bill Gates with father Bill Gates, Sr.</p></div><p></p></div></div>The elder Bill Gates' presence still hangs large at the Foundation's visitor's center, which is a cross between a techie interactive kids' museum, a community educational facility, and a place to learn about the Foundation's work.</p><p>A video of Gates' dad introduces himself, and explains that because of the "other fellow" - that is, his famous son - he's known as "Senior." </p><p>In its early days, the foundation focused mostly on local charity, but turned its attention to global health after Bill Gates Jr. read an article on children in poor countries dying from preventable illnesses.</p><p>He sent the article to his dad with a note that said: "Dad, maybe we can do something about this."</p><p><span>Those words are now plastered in giant letters in the visitor's center.</span></p><p><span>T</span>he foundation has since become a major force in global health. It joined a global effort to eradicate polio in 2007. In 1988 there were an estimated 350,000 case of polio worldwide. In, 2018, there were only 29 reported cases.  </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation visitor's center</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Gunning for malaria</h2><p>The success with polio is a source of pride and inspiration at the foundation. To them, it's proof that hard problems like distributing vaccines to poor, remote children can be solved by smart people and repeatable systems. </p><p>With Bill and Melinda as their leaders, the people at the foundation are stunningly smart with impressive credentials: I met neuroscientists, biologists and infectious disease specialists. </p><p>With polio almost over, the foundation now wants to end malaria.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation mosquito nets</p></div><p></p></div></div>Like the others I met, Philip Welkhoff, the director of the Malaria team, has a personal interest in the mission - and impressive credentials. He grew up in Haiti and had malaria himself as a kid. He became a rocket scientist, then earned his PhD in computational neuroscience from Princeton and turned his attention to global health.</p><p>He loves his job because he's saving lives.</p><p>"All the work that the international community does together saves about 500,000 people from malaria every year compared to the early 2000s. That's a half million lives every single year," he told me. </p><p>The current challenge is to reach the most remote locations, which the foundation has expertise in doing, and containing outbreaks. No malaria vaccine is rolled out yet, but the foundation is having a lot luck by increasing the distribution of mosquito-killing bed nets.</p><p>But even a limited outbreak can turn into a bigger infection once mosquitoes start transmitting the illness, and people move from place to place. And so, malaria is even more complicated to eradicate than polio.</p><p>Still, there's steady progress, and the goal is to reduce malaria deaths 90% by 2030 compared to their 2015 level.</p><h2>The toilet team</h2><p>Outside of malaria, one of the projects that gets a lot of attention is Bill Gates' off-the-grid toilet project, which asks scientists to rethink the toilet.</p><p>Gates launched the<a href="https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/Fact_Sheet_Reinvent_the_Toilet_Challenge.pdf"> Reinvent the Toilet</a> challenge in 2011, asking researchers to come up with toilets that could sanitize human waste with no water, electricity, sewer or septic system. The toilets were to clean the waste and reclaim the water to safe drinking water standards, as well as to harvest other nutrients for other uses, a game-changer to those living without sanitation.</p><p>Some of those original teams went to the nines on their designs. One team even held a "smell summit" working with perfume makers who recreated latrine smells. This to help them test their methods for countering such smells. That work involving taking whiffs of those lovely scents.</p><p>The director of the toilet project is Brian Arbogast - though his real title is "director, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene," and his job involves more than just toilets. He's funding a variety of projects that improve human sanitation.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation toilet</p></div><p></p></div></div>Arbogast was an early Microsoft employee, spending 22 years rising to the level of corporate vice president. He left the company to become a cleantech investor, and has been on the boards of various clean-water entities and charities. He worked closely with Bill Gates for decades before joining the foundation in 2013. </p><p>When the toilet project was first started, no one knew if it could really be done, Arbogast said. In 2015, though, one inventor produced a system called the Omni Processor. It's not a toilet, but an off-grid fecal sludge treatment plant that outputs purified water. One day it may also output electricity.</p><p>A working prototype has been operating in Dakar, Senegal in Africa for a few years. Arbogast believes the tech will eventually influence sanitation in the developed world, including green buildings, septic systems and remote, off-the-grid cabins.</p><p><span>The latest version has been licensed to three commercial companies: the US company created by the tech's inventor, Sedron Technologies, as well as a company in China and one in India.</span></p><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzppWSIFU0&amp;t=25s">YouTube/GatesNotes</a></span></p><p class="caption">OmniProcessor inventor Peter Janicki pours Bill Gates a glass of water processed from human fecal sludge.</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><h2><span>Poop hats and toilet water</span></h2><p>Bill Gates famously drank the sewage water produced from the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzppWSIFU0">Dakar Omni Processor in 2015. </a>And there are lots of stories at the foundation and in the Gates household about that water.</p><p>"Two weeks before [Bill drank], I had to drink from it, as did most of the team," Arbogast told us.</p><p>Melinda Gates told us that her daughter made her drink that water, too. Bill Gates drove around with a 2-liter bottle of it in his car for weeks, and every time someone got in the car, their daughter made them drink some.</p><p>"I<span>f we got sick - which we didn't - it would not have not been from the water, but because we're all passing it around,"  Melinda Gates laughed.</span></p><p><span>Gates spread the love around, too: In 2015, he <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-jimmy-fallon-poop-water-2015-1">tricked Jimmy Fallon</a> into drinking that water on the air, as well. </span></p><p>And there are actual toilets in development, too, with models on display (but not available for use) at the foundation's visitor's center. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Amazon</span></p><p class="caption">The Poop emoji hat is a symbol of honor for the Gates water sanitation team. The person who came up with a brilliant idea gets to wear it for the day.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>In November, Arbogast's team and Bill Gates spearheaded the Reinvented Toilet expo in Beijing. It drew in 1,200 attendees, and loads of exhibitions for new sanitation tech.</p><p>Jim Yong Kim, the president of the World Bank, keynoted the event - but Gates stole the show by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-wants-world-to-move-past-flush-toilets-2018-11">bringing a jar of poop on stage</a> to use as a visual aid.</p><p>The group wears their association with poop as a badge of honor, Arbogast says.</p><p>He keeps a hat that looks like a poop emoji in his office, and someone on his team often gets to wear it like a crown.</p><p><span>"The poop hat gets passed on for a job well done," he said.</span></p><h2>Worldwide clout</h2><p>Dr. Kathy Kahn is a scientist who funds agricultural projects. Kahn is having success with projects that improve how <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/01/03/681941779/scientists-have-hacked-photosynthesis-in-search-of-more-productive-crops">plants do photosynthesis</a>. These plants grow faster using far less water. It's a promising field for arid countries, as well as for growing food adapted to climate change.</p><p>Kahn came to the foundation after working at the <span>U.S. Department of Agriculture. She said one of the things that makes her work here different is the foundation's name recognition. </span></p><p><span>While other nonprofits toil in obscurity, the Gates Foundation carries prestige. She gets a seat at the table with worldwide policy makers and the top scientists in her field. It's a scientist's dream, she says. </span></p><h2><span>In awe of the Gates'</span></h2><p>One of the themes we heard repeatedly was how much employees appreciated their access to Bill and Melinda Gates. They are heavily involved, eagle-eyed, ask penetrating questions and they work as a team, each bringing different perspectives. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Elaine Thompson/AP Images</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Progress meetings with them can feel exhilarating and nervewracking, like any employee feels about presenting to their CEO.</p><p>But there's a general sense of good humor, too. </p><p>If a technical issue occurs, say with the videoconferencing system, and an employee can't immediately fix it, Bill Gates can do it without blinking an eye. There's nothing like having one of the fathers of the PC industry in the room when tech support is needed.</p><p>Another theme was just about the thrill of having Bill or Melinda Gates get excited about the employee's projects or work. </p><h2>Helping whole countries get healthier</h2><p>Of all the stories, Dr. Jean Kagubare's was one of the most moving.</p><p>Born in Rwanda, his parents fled the country when he was a baby. He became a doctor and returned to Rwanda right after the genocide of the 1990s. He ran several national health programs and one the country's biggest hospitals before moving to the US and getting his PhD in health systems at John Hopkins. He stayed in the US, working in global health, landing at the foundation about two years ago. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation takes a broader approach to global health and measures holistic outcomes.</p></div><p></p></div></div>His job is to coordinate resources and measure results to ensure the healthcare system is improving. For instance, the foundation has funded a telemedicine app that helps doctors treat far-flung patients in villages without forcing them to travel to a healthcare facility.</p><p>Prior to this program, global healthcare workers would sort of parachute in to a country and focus on their one area - distributing vaccines or providing prenatal care, he explained. Those programs still exist, but now they are coordinated in a more holistic way, and his program measures total healthcare improvement, rather than just progress in one area.</p><p>"<span>Bill Gates asks the question all time: Is our money going to where it should be? Are the right people getting help?" he said. </span></p><p><span>All of this means that Kagubare is helping far more people across the globe, and especially in his home country, than he could when he worked as a doctor.</span></p><p>"<span>I was in Rwanda two months ago and talked to people and patients there. Patients are getting treatment that costs less and they don't have wait four hours at facilities, the average wait time, or pay to go to [far away] clinics," he said. </span></p><p>It's the best feeling.</p><ul><li style="list-style-type: none;"><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melinda-gates-explains-why-data-can-be-sexist-2019-2">Melinda Gates points out a major problem with how we make decisions: data is sexist</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-warns-cow-farts-climate-change-2019-2">Bill Gates warns of the dangers of cow farts - and the world should take his words seriously</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melinda-gates-advice-working-moms-manage-stress-2019-2">Melinda Gates has some great advice on how working parents can reduce stress</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/after-talking-to-teens-last-year-about-anger-management-bill-gates-admits-that-some-of-his-famous-microsoft-tantrums-might-not-have-been-wise-2019-1">After talking to teens about anger management, Bill Gates admits that some of his Microsoft meltdowns were over the top</a></li></ul></li></ul>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-macbook-air-laptop-microsoft-surface-go-tablet-review-2019-1">We compared the $1,200 MacBook Air with the $500 Surface Go, and the results were a mess</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

I spent an uplifting day at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and discovered what it's really like to work there

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Brent Stirton/Getty Images for WWF-Canon</span></p><p class="caption">A family eats 'Fou Fou' Kasava and fish in the West Lake Edward village of Lunyesenge in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>The Gates Foundation released its second annual <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gates-foundation-goalkeepers-2018-report-ceo-sue-desmond-hellman-2018-9">Goalkeepers Report</a> today, a project that's meant to keep yearly tabs on the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals from the United Nations.</strong></li><li><strong>In <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-and-melinda-gates-foundation-13-ways-world-could-get-better-2018-9">the report</a>, Bill Gates and his team applaud the fact that hundreds of millions of people have risen out of extreme poverty in the past couple of decades, but warn the progress may not continue. </strong></li><li><strong>Keeping more women in school, and letting them decide when they want to have kids would both help a lot.</strong></li></ul><p> </p><p>There's a crude but simple way to measure extreme poverty around the world. Look at how many people are living on less than $1.90 a day. The higher the number, the worse-off we are.</p><p>The good news is that the number of people getting by on that much has been steadily falling for decades, with <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview">over a billion people</a> surging over the mark since 1990, according to the World Bank.</p><p>China's on track to nearly eliminate this income bracket by 2030. So is India. </p><p>Now, it's time for sub-Saharan Africa to follow suit, <a href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/goalkeepers">a new report</a> from the Gates Foundation argues.</p><p>The Goalkeepers report is an annual check-up that's meant to keep tabs on the United Nation's sustainable development goals, which aim to end poverty, hunger, and generally improve people's lives around the world by 2030. </p><p>In this year's Goalkeepers report, the normally optimistic Gates Foundation says the wave of poverty-busting prosperity that rushed over China in the 1990s and then India in the 2000s, lifting more than 750 million people in those countries above the $1.90-a-day mark, is not yet guaranteed on the African continent.</p><p>"The big message is that progress is possible, but it's not inevitable," Gates Foundation CEO Sue Desmond-Hellmann told Business Inside. "We really need to have a third wave, and it needs to happen in sub-Saharan Africa." </p><p>[Read More: <em><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gates-foundation-goalkeepers-2018-report-ceo-sue-desmond-hellman-2018-9">The CEO of The Gates Foundation says we're approaching a dangerous tipping point in global poverty. We still have time to reverse it</a></em>.]</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Business Insider</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Both China and India have <a href="https://piie.com/publications/wp/wp11-17.pdf">complicated</a> economic success stories that are nowhere near complete.</p><p>But lower fertility rates are arguably linked to better incomes in both countries: China's birth rate tumbled from 5.7 per woman in 1960 to 1.6 in 2016, while India's went from 5.9 to 2.3, according to <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/sp.dyn.tfrt.in">World Bank data</a>. At the same time, those two countries became global economic powerhouses. The gains meant more people could feed and send their kids to school, ensuring the betterment of coming generations.  </p><p>"It's fantastic to see the kinds of gains in health and education we've seen," Desmond-Hellmann said. "But the worry, the peril, is that more babies are being born in the places where it's hardest to live a healthy, productive life."</p><p>In the years to come, many of the poorest babies (and 86% of the world's extreme poor) are going to be born in a cluster of sub-Saharan African countries, particularly in two specific nations: The Democratic Republic of the Congo and Nigeria. Those two countries alone could account for nearly half of the world's poorest people by 2050, according to Gates Foundation estimates. Both of their birth rates have barely budged since 1960.</p><p>Much of the poverty there will be driven by rapid population growth, more than doubling the number of people in both countries. The staggering increase could be altered, though, if women and girls get to better choose how many children they have from the get-go.</p><p>Women in Africa are currently having an average of about .7 more children than what they'd ideally want. If they got to decide how many kids they birthed, having one or two less, the projected rapid population growth could decrease 30% by 2100, according to the foundation. That would make everyone healthier, smarter, and richer too.</p><p>"You want those young people to have healthy, productive lives," Desmond-Hellmann said. "Nutrition, and early childhood nutrition, are extremely important."</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Oli Scarff/Getty Images</span></p><p class="caption">A malnourished refugee mother and child in a ward of the Medecins Sans Frontieres Hospital in the Dagahaley refugee camp on July 22, 2011 in Dadaab, Kenya.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>"We think investments in voluntary, modern contraception for women who want to decide when she has her children and to space her children, that's a really important investment that we could make as a foundation," Desmond-Hellmann said. </p><p>The $50 billion-plus Gates Foundation has spent more than $15 billion on projects in Africa to date, but much of the push has been for more <a href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Vaccine-Delivery">vaccines</a>, as well as in <a href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Where-We-Work/Africa-Office/Focus-Countries/South-Africa">HIV</a> and <a href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Health/Malaria">malaria</a> prevention and treatment. While the foundation is still researching new treatments for HIV and <a href="https://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Vaccine-Delivery#bodyregion_0_interiorarticle_0_strategysections_2_strategysubsectionseb35f5f4bf624285b69fc96587a1f521_0_lnkHeader">providing vaccinations in 73 countries around the world,</a> some of the foundation's health focus is shifting to baby-making.</p><p>Desmond-Hellman says the Gates Foundation will now invest more in family planning and contraception.</p><p>It's arguably filling a needed void at a time when the US is dialing down its own family planning foreign aid. Just days after President Trump took office in January 2016, the administration reintroduced the decades-old <a href="https://www.npr.org/assets/news/2017/01/MexicoCityPolicy.pdf">Mexico City Policy,</a> which essentially zeros out American dollars to any NGOs that <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/14/trumps-mexico-city-policy-or-global-gag-rule">might even mention the word abortion</a> when they're counseling women.</p><p>Practically, it means that women living in remote, impoverished areas have less access to all kinds of contraceptive care and family planning advice. In Madagascar, even though abortion is illegal, the policy is still preventing many low-income women from accessing free contraception like implants and IUD devices, as <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/10/14/555863044/u-s-slashes-funds-for-family-planning-in-madagascar">NPR reported last year</a>.</p><p>Without access to contraception, it's harder for young girls to stay in school, or help plant crops at home. More access to contraception "would enable more girls and women to stay in school longer, have children later, they could earn more as adults, and they could invest more in their children," as Desmond-Hellmann put it.</p><p>But only if they have a choice.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/waterless-toilet-future-backed-bill-gates-foundation-2017-5">Bill Gates is backing the waterless toilet of the future - here's how it works</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

The CEO of the Gates Foundation says a wave of progress rippling through China and India could slash poverty in Africa - if women lead the way

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><ul><li><strong>The World Bank defines "extreme poverty" as living on less than $1.90 a day.</strong></li><li><strong>New standards for poverty include those for middle- and high-income countries, at $3.20, $5.50, and $21.70 a day.</strong></li><li><strong>Extreme poverty afflicts some 760 million people worldwide, down from 1.9 billion in 1990.</strong></li></ul><p><br>Living on $1.90 a day might seem impossible in a developed country, but the World Bank estimates that <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview">10.7% of the world's population</a>, or about 760 million people, face&#xa0;this reality.</br></p><p>These people live in what the World Bank calls "extreme poverty."</p><p>In an attempt&#xa0;to be more precise with&#xa0;its classifications, the organization recently added new standards of poverty for people living in middle- and high-income countries, <a href="http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/10/25/558068646/whats-the-meaning-of-the-world-banks-new-poverty-lines?utm_source=twitter.com&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=npr&amp;utm_term=nprnews&amp;utm_content=2052">NPR reports</a>. They are the first additions since the poverty line was initially set <a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5973">in 1990</a>, then at $1 a day.</p><p>The new standards are set at $3.20 a day for people in "lower-middle-income" countries, such as Egypt or India, and $5.50 a day for "upper-middle-income" countries, such as Jamaica or South Africa. The World Bank also released a third standard for high-income countries, like the US, at $21.70 a day.</p><p>The following chart breaks down the percentage of people living at each level of poverty in countries of varying wealth.</p><p>Extreme poverty might seem like an unsolvable problem if 760 million people still face it on a daily basis, but humanity has made&#xa0;huge progress toward uplifting people who have the least. In 1990, <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview">some 1.85 billion people</a> qualified as extremely poor. At the time, they represented about 35% of the world's <a href="https://www.infoplease.com/world/population-statistics/total-population-world-decade-1950-2050">5.3 billion people</a>.</p><p>The United Nations hopes to <a href="http://una-gp.org/the-sustainable-development-goals-2015-2030/">eradicate extreme poverty by 2030</a> as part of its Sustainable Development Goals.</p><p>Much of the success is owed to organizations like the World Bank, UNICEF, and the Gates Foundation,&#xa0;which&#xa0;has spent billions over the past decade to&#xa0;alleviate poverty around the world.</p><p>One of the hallmarks of&#xa0;this success has been <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-melinda-gates-goalkeepers-report-trends-2017-9">the reduction in a slew of side effects</a> related to poverty, such as hunger, child mortality, maternal mortality, and widespread declines in the world's deadliest diseases, such as HIV/AIDS and malaria.</p><p>Here is a partial list of the <a href="https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519">countries that qualify</a> as lower-middle, upper-middle, and high-income:</p><p><strong>Lower-middle</strong></p><p>Argentina, Cambodia, Guatemala, Mongolia, Tonga, Tunisia, Zambia</p><p><strong>Upper-middle</strong></p><p>Albania, Brazil, Grenada, Iraq, Malaysia, Turkey</p><p><strong>High</strong></p><p>Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Greece, Spain, Sweden, United States,&#xa0;Uruguay</p><p>&#xa0;</p><div><div style="position:relative;width:auto;padding:0 0 70.83%;height:0;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;margin:0;border:0 none" data-break-on="414" data-lg-id="experience-59f0fd2e104e8" data-lg-src="//view.ceros.com/business-insider/desktop-poverty-line" data-lg-padding="70.83%" data-sm-id="experience-59f1e9a713938" data-sm-src="//view.ceros.com/business-insider/desktop-poverty-line-1" data-sm-padding="108.33%">    </div></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-super-ultrawide-gaming-monitor-gled-chg90-32-9-2017-10">Samsung released the widest computer monitor you can buy - here's what it's like</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div></hr>

The World Bank released new poverty lines - find out where your country stands

<div><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Paul Sakuma/AP</span></p><p class="caption">Kalanick needs to protect his $1 billion of cash.</p></div><p></p></div></div></div><ul><li><strong>Former Uber CEO Travis Kalanick recently received a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/travis-kalanick-just-received-a-14-billion-check-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">payout of $1.4 billion</a>, making him cash rich.</strong></li><li><strong>Kalanick has said he plans to set up a charitable foundation, but it's unclear what his philanthropic focus will be.</strong></li><li><strong>Protecting and maximizing that much cash is complicated, requiring a team of financial advisers, attorneys, and accountants. </strong></li></ul><p>Earlier this year, former Uber CEO <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/travis-kalanick-just-received-a-14-billion-check-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Travis Kalanick</a> became an actual billionaire - with <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/travis-kalanick-just-received-a-14-billion-check-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a check worth $1.4 billion</a> to prove it.</p><p>While the definition of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-money-to-be-rich-2017-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">what it takes to be rich</a> varies <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-money-rich-people-earn-in-america-san-francisco-new-york-2018-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">in the US</a>, there's no denying Kalanick has officially joined the ranks of the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/richest-people" target="_blank" rel="noopener">richest people</a> in the world. With the massive payout in hand<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/travis-kalanick-just-received-a-14-billion-check-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>, Kalanick now faces a new task: how to protect and maximize his newfound wealth.</p><p>It's not as simple as putting the money into a bank account. <a href="https://beyondyourhammock.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Financial planner Eric Roberge</a> says there is such a thing as having "too much cash."</p><p>"<span>While I don't expect the US to go economically belly up anytime soon, the fact is that FDIC insurance only guarantees that sums up to $250,000 are protected. Anything over that, and you could lose your money if something happens to your bank," <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cash-in-bank-according-to-cfp-2018-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Roberge said</a>.</span></p><p><span>That means Kalanick needs a plan for his money sooner rather than later. Business Insider's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/travis-kalanick-just-received-a-14-billion-check-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Julie Bort</a> reported that Kalanick plans on setting up a charitable foundation, though it's unclear what philanthropic causes he will focus on.</span><span></span></p><p>But first, Kalanick needs to hire a handful of advisers, preferably a "team of professionals which would at a minimum include an estate planning attorney, certified public accountant, and insurance professional," financial planner Aaron Hattenbach - who founded <a href="https://rapportfinancial.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Rapport Financial</a> - told Business Insider. That's in addition to a financial planner or investment adviser who would serve as his "quarterback," helping to coordinate across all of the advisers.</p><p>Once a team of professionals is in place, Hattenbach expects they "would have a conversation about the client's estate, desires, and goals." Together, they would work through separate complexities for the client, including "asset protection, insurance, charitable giving, wealth transfer, taxes, and investments," he said.</p><p>It's normal for today's billionaires to prioritize philanthropy and big ideas, such as Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos' focus on space travel <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-ceo-jeff-bezos-plans-to-spend-fortune-space-travel-2018-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">with his company Blue Origin</a>. </p><p><span>"As billionaires' wealth grows, so too does their sense of responsibility and their ambition. Stopping climate change, improving public education, alleviating poverty, eradicating malaria, finding a cure for Alzheimer's and so on," </span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/billionaires-worlds-richest-people-spending-habits-ubs-wealth-adviser-2017-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote John Mathews</a>, head of private wealth management and ultra high net worth at UBS.</p><p>Kalanick would have to be upfront with his advisers about his goals, so they can help establish an organization and find the proper routes to transfer and protect his money for charitable giving.</p><p>Tax planning will also come into play with such a large influx of cash. Hattenbach would delegate the estate planning attorney to "reduce and eliminate potential gift and estate taxes" by "utilizing revocable and irrevocable trusts, charitable trusts, and foundations." At this stage, the estate planner would also create an exhaustive inventory of all the client's assets, in case something happened to the client.</p><p>Not everything is different for a billionaire than an average client, however. Hattenbach said that his last move for any client would be to produce "a customized <a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ips.asp" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=en&amp;q=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/ips.asp&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1525383925724000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFYgKUiuxCGpXtccEIbTmZ8kzEcAQ">investment policy statement</a>, a business plan for their investments."</p><p>Due to the large amount cash that Kalanick has just come into, it can take a while for all of the above actions to unfold. Hattenbach says that to get everything right, the process shouldn't be rushed and can take months.</p><p>In the mean time, Hattenbach generally recommends that clients maintain "purchasing power by investing in short term treasury bills, short term municipal bonds ... and other low risk investments that limit interest rate and credit risk."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/scott-galloway-nyu-professor-bad-behavior-cost-uber-20-30-billion-2017-10">SCOTT GALLOWAY: Bad behavior cost Uber $20-30 billion</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Former Uber CEO Travis Kalanick is 'cash rich' with $1.4 billion, and he'll need a team of advisers to protect it

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Thomson Reuters</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and Jill Stein have all answered 20 questions from the website <a href="http://sciencedebate.org/20answers">sciencedebate.org </a>about <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">science</keyword>.</p><p>Particularly interesting are their answers to this question (emphasis mine):</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">The Earth's climate is changing and political discussion has become divided over both the science and the best response.<strong> What are your views on climate change, and how would your administration act on those views?</strong></p><p>Hillary Clinton replied that "the science is crystal clear" when it comes to climate change. She went on to explain her plan to reduce US emissions 80% by 2050. (I explore this plan, and its potential costs, in greater detail <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cost-of-clinton-climate-change-plan-2016-8">here</a>.)</p><p>Jill Stein described climate change as "the greatest existential threat that humanity has ever faced," and calls for a "WWII-scale" effort to transition to 100% renewable energy by 2030. (Some of the details of Stein's plan, like a call to support organic farming, don't seem to pertain directly to climate science.)</p><p>Gary Johnson has not yet submitted his responses.</p><p>And Donald Trump said this:</p><p style="padding-left: 30px;">"There is still much that needs to be investigated in the field of climate change. Perhaps the best use of our limited financial resources should be in dealing with making sure that every person in the world has clean water. Perhaps we should focus on eliminating lingering diseases around the world like malaria. Perhaps we should focus on efforts to increase food production to keep pace with an ever-growing world population. Perhaps we should be focused on developing energy sources and power production that alleviates the need for dependence on fossil fuels. We must decide on how best to proceed so that we can make lives better, safer and more prosperous.</p><p>I'm a science reporter, not a political reporter. So that's the perspective I bring to the table when I read this.</p><p>First, here's what's true, regardless of politicians' claims.</p><p>The scientific debate about climate change <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/04/15/research-shows-yet-again-that-theres-no-scientific-debate-about-climate-change/?utm_term=.79b1f2eb7666">has ended</a>, largely because it's been an obvious, observable reality for <a href="http://www.popsci.com/archive-viewer?id=wAAAAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=51">decades</a> now. While in the past there were serious researchers who doubted human-caused climate change, they have, <a href="http://theweek.com/articles/491378/6-global-warming-skeptics-who-changed-minds">one by one</a>, changed their minds given the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/jul/29/climate-change-sceptics-change-mind">overwhelming evidence of the last decade</a>. We're living through the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/warmest-year-ever-recorded-global-warming-2016-7">warmest year ever</a>. If you're at least sixteen years old, you've lived through <a href="http://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/the-10-hottest-years-on-record">all 10 of the hottest years ever recorded</a>. Think that's probably a result of natural trends? Allow Randall Munroe of XKCD to explain with a <a href="http://xkcd.com/1732/">beautiful data visualization</a> just how unlikely that is.</p><p>Now, let's read Trump's statement with all that in mind.</p><p>An ungenerous reading would tell you that Trump has no idea what he's talking about, other than an eagerness to tell readers that he's not on board with all this scientific hoo-ha. He tucks the field of climate change between scare quotes, uses the word "perhaps" three times, treats addressing malaria and climate change as a binary choice, and doesn't offer a single clear policy proposal.</p><p>But let's give Trump's words the more generous reading a presidential candidate's statement deserves. We'll go through it point by point.</p><h2>Trump: There is still much that needs to be investigated in the field of 'climate change.'</h2><p>Again, if Trump means that it remains to be seen if climate change is a legitimate field of science or that it's unclear that the world has grown dangerously warm, he's wrong.</p><p>You simply cannot understand global atmospheric and oceanic trends, like the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/climate-consensus-97-per-cent/2016/aug/25/global-warming-is-melting-the-greenland-ice-sheet-fast">unprecedented annual icemelt in Greenland</a> or <a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/11/30/kiribati_president_thanks_fiji_at_paris_climate_talks.html">disappearing countries</a>, without it - just as you <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/10/2/text_pop/l_102_01.html">can't do biology without evolution</a> or diagnose a broken arm without knowing what bones are.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://pictures.reuters.com/Package/2C0BF1FQYRUN6?PBC=2CKRYD1D85D:2C04082VM4GXA:2C0BF1FQYRUN6">Bob Strong/Reuters</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>But if Trump means that it's necessary for climate scientists, like researchers in any field, to expand and refine their findings, he's absolutely right.</p><p>We <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-scariest-part-of-climate-change-is-what-we-dont-yet-know-2015-8">don't know yet</a> just how high temperatures will get given current trends, or precisely how high sea levels will rise in the next century.</p><p>We don't know if detailed proposals like Clinton's and Stein's are sufficient to prevent the worst possible devastation, or if more drastic measures are necessary.</p><p>If Trump in fact wanted to "investigate" answers to these questions as president, the best option would likely be to increase federal funding for climate research.</p><h2>Trump: Perhaps the best use of our limited financial resources should be in dealing with making sure that every person in the world has clean water.</h2><p>Perhaps!</p><p>Trump is right that climate change poses a serious risk to global clean water access. A 2013 <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/508.full">review of the available research</a> published in the journal Science found that evaporating sources of freshwater in a warming world pose significant risks to the lives and well being of much of the world's population.</p><p>In the US, 30 million people rely on the Colorado River for drinking water. But an area stretching from Los Angeles to Las Vegas to Denver (not to mention much of Western Mexico) risks losing its only reliable water source as it dries up. Right now, the river's delta has <a href="http://wentworthgroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Nature-Climate-Change-Grafton-et-al-rivers-2012.pdf">shrunk to just 5% of its original size as a result of warming weather</a>, and does not contain enough water to meet the massive demand of the millions of people dependent on its flow.</p><p>Far be it from me to offer specific policy prescriptions, but it seems likely that direct action to prevent the world from getting too hot for water to keep its liquid form would prevent such problems from becoming even more endemic in the future.</p><p>Hopefully that's what Trump means!</p><h2>Trump: Perhaps we should focus on eliminating lingering diseases around the world like malaria.</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Bobby Yip/Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Female mosquito pupae (top) are separated from male ones (bottom) at a 'sex separation area' at Sun Yat-Sen University-Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Disease. Female mosquitoes feed on blood, while males feed on nectar.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Perhaps!</p><p>It's a little unclear to me whether Trump is still answering a question about climate change here. But he's absolutely right that malaria, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/malaria-mosquitoes-deadliest-disease-human-history-2016-7">the deadliest disease in human history</a>, presents a serious problem.</p><p>Trump might find <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/111/9/3286.short">this study</a>, which investigates how climate change impacts the spread of malaria interesting. It turns out that warming temperatures change the shape and scope of breeding grounds for malarial mosquitoes, increasing the total population at risk. One way to prevent malaria from becoming an even deadlier disease would be to combat climate change - though there's no reason that such programs should be mutually exclusive with direct anti-malarial campaigns.</p><h2>Trump: Perhaps we should focus on efforts to increase food production to keep pace with an ever-growing world population.</h2><p>Perhaps!</p><p>Climate change is expected to have <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221209631400031X">severe impacts</a> on food security, particularly in parts of the world where people simply <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6145/508.full">cannot afford to pay</a> to ship in food from rich agricultural zones. In fact, long term food insecurity is on the long list of issues you simply cannot understand without understanding climate change.</p><p>There are <a href="https://eos.org/meeting-reports/assessing-impacts-of-climate-change-on-food-security-worldwide">projects underway</a> working on tackling this issue, though I haven't seen any studies showing that one approach is conclusively effective. Trump might be interested to know however that <a href="http://science.sciencemag.org/content/335/6065/183">a 2012 study in Science</a> suggests that a shift toward sustainable agriculture might both work to mitigate climate change and global food insecurity.</p><p>Hopefully Trump looks forward to devoting more efforts and research towards this problem as president!</p><h2>Trump: Perhaps we should be focused on developing energy sources and power production that alleviates the need for dependence on fossil fuels.</h2><p>Perhaps!</p><h2>Trump: We must decide on how best to proceed so that we can make lives better, safer and more prosperous.</h2><p>Looking forward to it. Hope this helps!</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/photos-vanishing-lakes-around-world-show-earth-bad-climate-situation-2016-3">Devastating photos show lakes vanishing around the world</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="01Z2x4MTE6V_ciZMzdQT46Pzag1PUTgc" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

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