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NEW DELHI: Some of the essential services related to banking, transportation, railways and electricity are likely to be impacted during a two-day nationwide strike called by a joint forum of central trade unions beginning Monday. Talking to PTI, All Indian Trade Union Congress General Secretary <keyword id="366518" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="amarjeet-kaur" source="Orion">Amarjeet Kaur</keyword> said, "We are expecting participation of over 20 crore formal and informal workers with mass mobilisation of workers across the country during the strike on March 28 and 29 to protest against government policies." She said that the strike is expected to hit the rural parts also, where informal workers of farming and other sectors will join the protest. The strike notices were given by workers' unions of various sectors such as coal, steel, oil, telecom, postal, income tax, copper, banks and insurance. Unions in railways and defence sector will carry out mass mobilization in support of the strike at several places, the joint forum said. The unions' demands include scrapping of the proposed changes in labour laws, privatisation of any form and the national monetisation pipeline. Increased allocation of wages under MNREGA (<keyword id="1194612" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mahatma-gandhi-rural-employment-guarantee-act" source="Orion">Mahatma Gandhi Rural Employment Guarantee Act</keyword>) and regularisation of contract workers are also part of their demands. Workers of roadways, transport and electricity departments have also decided to join the strike in spite of the impending threat of ESMA (Essential Services Maintenance Act) which is likely to be imposed in Haryana and Chandigarh, the joint forum said in a statement. Trade unions, including INTUC, AITUC, HMS, CITU, AIUTUC, TUCC, SEWA, AICCTU, LPF and UTUC are part of the joint forum. Meanwhile, the <keyword id="6375040" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="power-ministry" source="Orion">power ministry</keyword> on Sunday advised all the state-run utilities and other agencies to be on high alert and ensure round-the-clock electricity supply and stability of the national grid. "The Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) have called for a nationwide strike with effect from 06:00 hrs of March 28 to 06:00 hrs of March 30, 2022," an advisory issued by the power ministry said. The advisory has been issued to all states, central public sector undertakings, central electricity authority, national load dispatch centre and regional load dispatch centres. In the interest of the consumers of electricity, it is advised that all the power utilities shall take necessary measures to ensure round-the-clock functioning of the electricity grid and availability of all plants, transmission lines and substations, the ministry said, adding that all regional/state control room executives should be vigilant and on high alert. The ministry also suggested measures to be taken to ensure secure and reliable grid operations. Shutdown activities planned during March 28-29 may be rescheduled to suitable future dates to the extent possible, it said and asked all concerned officials to ensure close supervision of their regional network/control area. Also, manpower may be deployed at all critical sub-stations/power station 24X7 to handle any emergency situation, it said. Power supply to those engaged in essential services such as hospitals, defence, and railways must be ensured, it added and suggested setting up of a 24x7 control room for information dissemination and handling any kind of contingency. Bank employees' unions said they will support the strike. All <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="Orion">India</keyword> Bank Employees' Association (AIBEA) General Secretary C H Venkatachalam said the union demands the government to stop privatisation of public sector banks and strengthen them. Bank employees also demand speedy recovey of bad loans, higher deposit rates by banks, lower service charges on customers as well as restoration of old pension scheme for staff. A number of public sector banks, including country's largest lender SBI, have said that their services may get impacted to a limited extent due to the strike. SBI said it has made necessary arrangements to ensure normal functioning in its branches and offices during the strike. "It is likely that work at our bank may be impacted, to a limited extent, by the strike," SBI said. New Delhi-headquartered Punjab National Bank (<keyword id="13478968" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="pnb" source="Orion" meta.marketcap="38923.93999753" meta.tagname="Punjab National Bank" meta.tagpopularcount="0" meta.sectorid="15" meta.entitytype="company" meta.matchtype="exact" meta.aum="0" meta.entityid="11585" meta.tagseoname="punjab-national-bank" meta.sector="Banks" meta.tagnameorg="Punjab National Bank">PNB</keyword>) said, AIBEA, Bank Employees Federation of India (BEFI) and All India Bank Officers' Association (AIBOA) have served notices to go on strike on March 28-29. "While bank has made all arrangements to ensure normal functioning in its branches and offices, it is likely that work in our bank may be impacted to a limited extent by the strike," PNB said. Bengaluru-based <keyword id="13478969" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="canara-bank" source="Orion" meta.marketcap="40836.07197252" meta.tagname="Canara Bank" meta.tagpopularcount="0" meta.sectorid="15" meta.entitytype="company" meta.matchtype="exact" meta.aum="0" meta.entityid="9218" meta.tagseoname="canara-bank" meta.sector="Banks" meta.tagnameorg="Canara Bank">Canara Bank</keyword> said it is taking all necessary steps to ensure smooth functioning of bank branches and offices. However, the functioning of the bank may be impacted, Canara Bank added. Private lender <keyword id="2179992" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="rbl-bank" source="Orion">RBL Bank</keyword> said its bank unions are affiliated to AIBOA and AIBEA, and the employees associated with these unions may participate in the strike. "The bank will take all necessary steps for smooth functioning of the bank's branches/offices on the days of strike. However, it is likely that some of our branches would also be impacted by the strike," <keyword id="13478967" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="rbl" source="Orion" meta.marketcap="491.27195140500004" meta.tagname="Rane Brake Lining Ltd" meta.tagpopularcount="0" meta.sectorid="506" meta.entitytype="company" meta.matchtype="exact" meta.aum="0" meta.entityid="21601" meta.tagseoname="rane-brake-lining-ltd" meta.sector="Auto Ancillaries" meta.tagnameorg="Rane Brake Lining Ltd.">RBL</keyword> said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/pvr-and-inox-leisure-announce-merger/articleshow/90476756.cms">PVR and INOX Leisure announce merger</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/how-this-former-vedantu-cofounder-is-taking-on-instagram-and-snapchat-to-build-social-media-for-teens/articleshow/90443442.cms">How this former Vedantu cofounder is taking on Instagram and Snapchat to build social media for teens</a>

Two-day Bharat Bandh: Essential services likely to be affected

The <keyword id="19900449" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="government" source="keywords">government</keyword> on Tuesday said it will launch three <keyword id="22514006" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="employment-linked-schemes" source="keywords">employment-linked schemes</keyword>. While presenting the Union Budget for 2024-25, <keyword id="19956758" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Finance-Minister" source="keywords">Finance Minister</keyword> <keyword id="19916618" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirmala-Sitharaman" source="keywords">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> said the government will provide incentives to 30 lakh youth entering the <keyword id="19916569" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="job-market" source="keywords">job market</keyword> by providing one month's PF (provident fund) contribution. She announced that working women hostels will be set up in the country to promote women's participation in the workforce. She added that the government will provide funds to the private sector, domain experts and others for developing climate-resilient seeds. An already existing scheme -- MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee) -- aims to provide 100 days of wage employment in a particular fiscal year to at least one member of every household whose adult members seek manual work. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/union-budget-2024-live-updates-finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-key-announcements-23-july/liveblog/111942008.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/union-budget-2024-live-updates-finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-key-announcements-23-july/liveblog/111942008.cms" target="_blank">Union Budget 2024 Live Updates: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman to present her record seventh consecutive Budget today</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/expectations-from-union-budget-2024-25-how-will-this-budget-impact-you/articleshow/111946291.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/expectations-from-union-budget-2024-25-how-will-this-budget-impact-you/articleshow/111946291.cms" target="_blank">Union Budget 2024-25: How will this budget impact you?</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/heres-a-quick-overview-of-pm-modi-3-0-governments-first-budget-to-be-presented-by-fm-nirmala-sitharaman-today/articleshow/111944393.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/heres-a-quick-overview-of-pm-modi-3-0-governments-first-budget-to-be-presented-by-fm-nirmala-sitharaman-today/articleshow/111944393.cms" target="_blank">Here's a quick overview of PM Modi 3.0 government's first budget, to be presented by FM Nirmala Sitharaman today</a>

Government to launch three employment-linked schemes: FM

As expected, leaders from the Bharatiya Janata Party (<keyword id="19894848" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="BJP" source="keywords">BJP</keyword>) cannot stop singing praises of the Union Budget 2024-2025 presented by Finiance Minister <keyword id="19916618" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirmala-Sitharaman" source="keywords">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> earlier today. However, moments after <keyword id="20385790" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Finance-Minister" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Union Finance Minister" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Union Finance Minister">Union Finance Minister</keyword> Nirmala Sitharaman presented the <keyword id="19955368" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Budget-2024" source="keywords">Budget 2024</keyword> in Parliament, the <keyword id="19895371" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Congress" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Congress" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Congress">Congress</keyword> party launched a critical attack on the ruling Centre. They claimed that portions of the fiscal document had been lifted directly from their <keyword id="19977669" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Manifesto" source="keywords">manifesto</keyword> for the Lok Sabha elections held earlier this year. <h2><keyword id="19895780" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rahul-Gandhi" source="keywords">Rahul Gandhi</keyword>'s "Kursi Bachao" Budget comment</h2>Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi criticised the Budget, describing it as the "Kursi Bachao" (Save the Seat) Budget, aimed at appeasing the BJP's allies and cronies. He alleged that the document was copied from the Congress party's Lok Sabha polls manifesto. "Kursi Bachao Budget. Appease Allies: Hollow promises to them at the cost of other states. Appease Cronies: Benefits to AA with no relief for the common Indian. Copy and Paste: Congress manifesto and previous budgets," Gandhi said in a post on X (formerly Twitter). <div type="twitter" handle="RahulGandhi" handlename="RahulGandhi" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1815672226584166514"></div><h2><keyword id="19934649" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="P-Chidambaram" source="keywords">P Chidambaram</keyword> takes dig at the Nirmala Sitharaman</h2>Former Finance Minister and senior Congress leader P Chidambaram expressed his satisfaction over what he perceived as the government's adoption of ideas originally proposed by the Congress. "I am happy the Union Finance Minister has virtually adopted the Employment-linked Incentive (ELI) outlined on page 30 of the Congress Manifesto," tweeted Chidambaram. He further noted his approval of the introduction of an apprenticeship scheme with allowances for apprentices, a concept detailed on page 11 of the Congress Manifesto. <div type="twitter" handle="PChidambaram_IN" handlename="PChidambaram_IN" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1815638125168783772"></div> <div type="twitter" handle="PChidambaram_IN" handlename="PChidambaram_IN" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1815641688922063221"></div><h2><keyword id="19897159" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mallikarjun-Kharge" source="keywords">Mallikarjun Kharge</keyword> highlights 10 areas the Budget 2024 went wrong</h2>The President of the Indian National Congress Karge called the <keyword id="19916814" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Modi-Government" source="keywords">Modi Government</keyword> a "copycat" while going on to suggest that they could not even copy Congress' justice agenda properly. Here’s an English translation of his tweet: “The Modi Government's budget is distributing half-hearted "rewadis" to dupe its coalition partners so that the NDA survives. This is not a budget for "progress of the country", it is a "save Modi government" budget! 1. After 10 years, limited announcements have been made for the youth who are bearing the brunt of the slogan of two crore jobs per year. 2. Only superficial talks have been held for farmers, one and a half times MSP and doubling of income - all turned out to be electoral fraud! This government has no intention of increasing rural wages. 3. There is no revolutionary scheme for Dalits, Adivasis, backward classes, minorities, middle class and rural poor people like the one implemented by Congress-UPA. The word "poor" has become just a means of self-branding, there is nothing concrete! 4. There is nothing in this budget for women that would enhance their economic capacity and enable them to participate more and more in the workforce. 5. On the contrary, the government is patting its back on the back for rising inflation; it is robbing people of their hard-earned money and distributing it among its capitalist friends! 6. Less money has been spent on agriculture, health, education, public welfare and tribals than the budget allocation because these are not the priorities of the BJP. Similarly, Rs 1 lakh crore less has been spent on Capital Expenditure, so how will jobs increase? 7. Urban Development, Rural Development, Infrastructure, Manufacturing, MSME, Investment, EV scheme - only Document, Policy, Vision, Review etc. have been discussed, but no major announcement has been made. 8. Railway accidents are happening every day, trains have been stopped, the number of coaches has been reduced, ordinary passengers are troubled, but nothing has been said about the railways in the budget, there is no accountability. 9. Nothing has been said about Census and caste census, whereas this is the fifth budget which is being presented without Census! This is a shocking and unprecedented failure - which is against democracy and the Constitution! 10. On 20 May 2024, i.e. during the elections, Modi ji claimed in an interview that "We already have a 100-day action plan "... When the Action Plan was there two months ago, they should have at least told it in the budget! There is no plan in the budget and BJP is only busy in the action of cheating the public.” <div type="twitter" handle="kharge" handlename="kharge" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1815669463284416605"></div> <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111917247" title="Budget 2024: Can Lakhpati Didi Yojana’s reality inspire better focus on women?" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><h2>Jairam Ramesh accuses Centre of stealing ideas from the Congress</h2>In her Budget address, Sitharaman announced that the government would provide a month's wage to all first-time employees in formal sectors. This direct benefit transfer, disbursed in three installments, will cover employees registered with the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) and amount up to ₹15,000 per individual. The eligibility limit is set at ₹1 lakh per month, potentially benefiting 2.1 crore youth across the country. Congress MP and communications in charge Jairam Ramesh also accused the Finance Minister of taking ideas from the Congress's "Nyay Patra 2024." He claimed the internship program announced in the budget was a clear adaptation of the Congress's proposed Apprenticeship Program called "Pehli Naukri Pakki." He also insinuated that this particular scheme seemed to have been come up with in haste. <div type="twitter" handle="jairam_ramesh" handlename="jairam_ramesh" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="0" id="1815714388340568111"></div>Ramesh critiqued the government's approach, describing it as a "festive offer" designed to capture headlines with arbitrary targets, such as the promise of one crore internships. He argued that the Congress's vision offered a programmatic guarantee for all diploma holders and graduates, rather than the broad and unfocused targets announced by the government. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111944393" title="Here&amp;#39;s a quick overview of PM Modi 3.0 government&amp;#39;s first budget, to be presented by FM Nirmala Sitharaman today" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>Ramesh also pointedly criticised the government over a special package for Andhra Pradesh, highlighting a ₹15,000 crore allocation aimed at developing Amaravati, the state's capital city and a significant project for Chief Minister Chandrababu Naidu. "Why has it taken 10 years to announce that what was already committed to in the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 will be implemented?" questioned Ramesh in a post on X.

From ‘Copycat’ to ‘Kursi Bachao Budget' — Here’s what Rahul and other Congress leaders had to say about Budget 2024

<ul><li>The Economic Survey 2018-19 highlights how technology has helped the Indian government plug leaks in the country's '<keyword id="7286241" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="food-for-work">food for work</keyword>' programme -- the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).</li><li>It attributes the programs success to the JAM trinity of Jan Dhan, <keyword id="144117" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="AADHAAR">Aadhaar</keyword>, and mobile payments.</li><li>The National Electronic Fund Management System (NeFMS) also also helped the government keep a more accurate account of which workers are on the payroll and if they're actually showing up for work.</li></ul>The origins of ‘food for work’ programs trace back to Kautilya’s Arthashastra — a Indian documents on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. John Keynes, who popularised the theory, was still a century behind Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula who already had a ‘food for work’ program working in Lucknow when famine struck in 1784. In today’s day and age, India’s Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is using technology to streamline the national ‘food for work’ scheme to bring financial and economic inclusion. The JAM trinity — Jan Dhan, Aadhaar, and mobile payments — has eased the validation of beneficiaries and the process for releasing funds, according to Economic Survey 2018-19. Wages directly to the people Since it’s induction in 2005, the programme was riddled with issues. But, applying Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) and Aadhaar-linked Payments (ALP), the Indian government has been striving to reduce delays in the payment of wages, curb corruption and political interference, and plug up any leakages in the system. As a workforce programme, MGNREGA’s mandate is to alleviate distress and ensure payments happen in a timely manner. Before DBT, wages were transferred into panchayat bank accounts and most of the workers had to collect their wages from the gram panchayat office. And, in order for DBT to work — the workers needed bank accounts. That’s when the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) was implemented to bring about universal access to banking facilities. The Economic Survey 2018-19 highlights that before the implementation of ALP and DBT, there used to be an average lag of 90 days before wage payments for recieved. After their implementation, that lag has been cut down one-third from 35% to less than 10%. Culling out the ‘ghosts’ in the system Bringing in <keyword id="7829443" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="aadhaar-linked-payments">Aadhaar linked payments</keyword> ensured that the government would not be funding any ‘ghost’ beneficiaries. The National Electronic Fund Management System (NeFMS), implemented in 2016 and currently functional in 24 states, bolsters that effort by providing a real time database of wages being credited into bank or post office accounts by the central government. NREGAsoft, a local language workflow based e-governance system, looks at registration and muster rolls, a form of attendance register signed by workers to check false reporting of numbers. The service isn’t available to the public but does make it easier for the government to keep track of who is employed under the scheme and whether they are actually showing up for work. The government’s also held accountable of its actions with the use of mobile apps like Gram Samvaad Mobile App and JanMnRega were rural workers have direct access to information and can give their own feedback on how the system is working. The supply demand gap Since the government now access to data, the Economic Survey 2018-19 asserts that it will be able to implement MGNREGA more effectively by pushing government officials to provide more jobs in distressed areas. This should help bridge the demand supply gap between jobs available and the enlisted worker by using data provide jobs where there is more demand for them and vice versa. The survey also highlights how the vulnerable sections of the society — women, scheduled class, and scheduled tribes — have increased their participation in the program during times of distress. Going forward, the government wants to expand the number of jobs available to workers under the scheme, upskill the workers it has enlisted, expand the use of JAM, and use digital infrastructure to expand MGNERA beyond wages to also offer micro-insurance, micro-pensions and micro-credit to the underserved sections of society.

Technology plugged the leaks in India’s ₹60,000 crore rural employment guarantee scheme

The <keyword id="151047" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rural-development-ministry" source="Orion">rural development ministry</keyword> has sought additional funds of about Rs 25,000 crore for the <keyword id="145241" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="MGNREGS" source="Orion">MGNREGS</keyword>, in a clear indication of a rise in demand for work, sources said on Tuesday. The ministry has sought Rs 25,000 crore from the finance ministry and it is expected that the funds will be allocated by the second week of this month, the sources said. In the <keyword id="6360189" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="union-budget" source="Orion">Union Budget</keyword> for 2022-23, an amount of Rs 73,000 crore was allocated for the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS). Of this amount, about Rs 54,000 crore have been allocated to the states so far, the sources said. About 181 crore person days of work has also been generated under the programme so far, they added. The total expenditure on the MGNREGS is expected to touch the last financial year's level of Rs 98,000 crore. The government would take Parliament's approval for the additional fund allocation under the MNREGA through the first batch of the Supplementary <keyword id="15401700" type="TOPIC" weightage="60" keywordseo="Demands-for-Grants" source="TOPIC" sourcekeytype="budget,investopedia" meta.keywordsubtype="null" meta.seopath="d/demands-for-grants" meta.entityname="Demands for Grants" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="demands-for-grants">Demands for Grants</keyword> to be tabled in the upcoming winter session. The MGNREGS aims at enhancing the livelihood security of households in the rural areas of the country by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household, the adult members of which volunteer to do unskilled manual work. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/gst-collections-touch-151718-cr-in-oct-second-highest-since-april/articleshow/95225501.cms">GST collections touch ₹1,51,718 cr in Oct, second highest since April</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/pakistans-forex-reserves-are-close-to-nil-says-local-newspaper-dawn/articleshow/95224526.cms">Pakistan's forex reserves are close to nil, says local newspaper Dawn</a>

Rural development ministry seeks additional funds of ₹25,000 crore for MGNREGS

<ul><li>Salaried jobs, which are amongst the more well-paying jobs, are the silver lining in an otherwise deteriorating employment market, <keyword id="6493461" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="cmie" source="Orion">CMIE</keyword> data shows. </li><li>Even amongst salaried jobs – those created by listed companies came in at 0.7 million in 2021-22, offering up to three-times higher salaries than other salaried jobs. </li><li>A rise in industrial jobs, and a decline in agricultural and personal service jobs is another good indicator, say analysts. </li></ul>The Indian workforce is smaller than pre-pandemic days, but the quality of jobs has gotten better, according to a new survey by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). According to the latest CMIE report, salaried jobs, which are amongst the more well-paying jobs, are the silver lining in an otherwise deteriorating employment market. The report states that 8.5 million salaried jobs were added in September-October 2022. Overall, salaried jobs stood at 86 million in September, and 84.7 million in October – the highest in any month since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Smaller, but better paid workforce" comment="subhead" text="Smaller, but better paid workforce">Smaller, but better paid workforce</cmsannotation> More interestingly, it’s the jobs created by listed companies that offer the most comfort, according to Mahesh Vyas, managing director and CEO of CMIE. According to Vyas, salaries in listed companies are nearly three-fold higher than other salaried jobs – the average salaries in listed companies in 2021-22 stood at ₹7.14 lakh per annum, when<a href="https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=warticle&amp;dt=20221107154522&amp;msec=023"> compared</a> to ₹2.63 lakh per annum across all salaried jobs. “This is way ahead of wages in other forms of employment. For example, a business person made ₹1,34,323 per annum and small traders and daily wage labourers made about ₹1,17,053 per annum. Farmers made even less,” Vyas said. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Agriculture, personal service jobs decline – but that’s a good thing, says Credit Suisse" comment="subhead" text="Agriculture, personal service jobs decline – but that’s a good thing, says Credit Suisse">Agriculture, personal service jobs decline – but that’s a good thing, says Credit Suisse</cmsannotation> Employment metrics appear to have deteriorated when the overall numbers are taken into account, with the labour participation rate falling from 39.3% in September to 39% in October. The rate of unemployment also rose from 6.4% to 7.8%. However, CMIE notes that it has seen a rise in industrial jobs when compared to the pre-Covid levels seen in October 2019. “The drop in agricultural employment should be seen positively, given that it usually means hidden unemployment. Further, the decline in service jobs is mostly in personal services, which are also generally low in value-addition,” said a report by Credit Suisse. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Rural recovery underway, says Morgan Stanley, but caution needed" comment="subhead" text="Rural recovery underway, says Morgan Stanley, but caution needed">Rural recovery underway, says Morgan Stanley, but caution needed</cmsannotation> While a bulk of the salaried jobs – 63% of them – came from the urban markets in 2021-22, analysts at Morgan Stanley say that a<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/rural-recovery-underway-says-morgan-stanley/articleshow/94935646.cms"> rural recovery</a> is underway, too. Four key indicators – employment, credit offtake, auto sales and trade, are all set for a rebound, the research firm noted. “We believe rural demand is set to rebound, helped by wider reopening, improving labour market conditions, and improving terms of trade for the rural sector,” the report said. Credit Suisse adds that the demand for jobs under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is also the lowest since the beginning of Covid-19. However, on a cautionary note, CMIE says that daily wage labourers and small traders lost 11.8 million jobs in September-October 2022 – most of these jobs are in rural India. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/article/its-not-just-mercedes-even-bank-deposits-are-competing-with-equities/articleshow/95879457.cms">It’s not just Mercedes, even bank deposits are competing with equities</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/indias-gdp-growth-comes-in-at-6-3-in-q2-manufacturing-mining-witness-negative-growth/articleshow/95888683.cms">India's GDP growth comes in at 6.3% in Q2: manufacturing, mining witness negative growth</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/slower-rate-hikes-on-the-cards-say-analysts-ahead-of-rbis-december-monetary-policy-meet/articleshow/95881537.cms">Slower rate hikes on the cards, say analysts ahead of RBI’s December monetary policy meet</a>

Indian workforce smaller than pre-pandemic days, but quality of jobs better

<ul><li>Political parties are promising massive financial support for farmers ahead of elections</li><li>Congress president Rahul Gandhi has raised the stake by offering farm loan waiver across India</li><li>The economic distress in rural India has become a political issue </li></ul> India is headed for an election in the upcoming summer and political parties are placing their bids to bag the biggest and the most distressed section of the country's polity-- the farmers. Both the ruling government led by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its biggest national rival, the Indian National Congress (INC), are raising the stakes at every turn to woo the country's rural votes. Congress president Rahul Gandhi pre-empted a move by the Narendra Modi government by promising a minimum income guarantee for the country's farmers, but without any details, just days before the annual budget. So, when the ruling government took the stage on February 1, to announce the budget, it offered a minimum income of ₹6,000 a year to the country's small and marginal farmers. Within a couple of days, Gandhi raised the bar one more time and offered a pan-India loan waiver for farmers. "I have said that if the Congress party forms a government in Delhi, we will do what we did in Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh in the entire country," Gandhi <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/rahul-gandhi-signals-will-waive-farm-loans-across-country-5567456/" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">said</a> at a political rally on February 4. "You didn’t do anything in the four-and-a-half years, you didn’t waive the loans of farmers," he said accusing the government. Farmers matter India's rural distress has been worsening over the last few years. The farm sector supports about half of the country's population and makes less than a fifth of the gross domestic product (GDP). Despite good monsoons and good crop output, the farmers have been struggling to make ends meet. The prime minister promised in 2017 that the government would ensure the farmers' income doubles in the following five years, but the crisis has only worsened since then. A report of the Committee on Strategy for Doubling Farmers' Income by 2022 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/you-may-pay-a-steep-price-but-does-the-farmer-make-any-money--62364">stated </a>that “The WPI (wholesale price index) of food articles was lower than that of agricultural inputs for most years, indicating that farmers received lower market prices for agricultural commodities than the prices paid for the purchase of inputs.” Meanwhile, rural wage growth has slowed down significantly while the debt has been piling up. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype=""><cdata><![CDATA[
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 Over 12,000 farmers committed suicide in 2015 mostly due to bankruptcy and indebtedness, according to data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB). <a href="https://www.news18.com/news/india/no-data-on-farmer-suicides-since-2016-agriculture-minister-informs-lok-sabha-1978933.html" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">No similar record</a> has been published since then. India's farmers are still at the mercy of local moneylenders as opening of new bank accounts has not led to more loans. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype=""><cdata><![CDATA[
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 In 2017, some of the farmers from the southern state of Tamil Nadu protested in the national captial New Delhi by drinking urine and eating <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/tamil-nadu-farmers-suspend-stir-till-may-25/articleshow/58328430.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">faeces</a>. In <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/why-maharashtras-farmer-are-protesting-and-why-mumbaikars-are-supporting-them-10-points/articleshow/63263394.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">2018</a>, nearly 50,000 farmers marched for five days on foot, 180 kilometres from Nasik in Maharashtra to the state capital, Mumbai, demanding rights over the land they till. The opposition has been able to sway the unrest in some states by offering farm loan waivers. In Chhatisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, the rural outrage was a big factor in the incumbent governments getting voted out in December 2018. The government is aware of the political risks of not assuaging the concerns of the farmers. So aside from assuring minimum income to the small farmers, the latest budget also proposed to allocate a record amount for the rural employment guarantee scheme. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype=""><cdata><![CDATA[
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 Currently, the total central and state subsidies going for agriculture sector are <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/analysis/farm-loan-waivers-can-derail-india-s-growth-story/story-6anu1JCiDtN9RxIvtLuyTM.html" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">estimated</a> to be over ₹2.2 trillion, constituting close to 10% of agricultural GDP and 12% of average farm income, Niti Aayog member Ramesh Chand wrote in the Hindustan Times last month. However, at this point, the last bid has come from the opposition, once again in the form of a farm loan waiver. Will the Modi government seeking re-election raise one more time? SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-is-minimum-income-guarantee-and-how-it-may-work/articleshow/67727733.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">What is minimum income guarantee and how it may work</a>

There is a bidding war for farmer votes in India

<ul><li>The government is increasing the annual funding for the <keyword id="6361863" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="MGNREGA">MGNREGA</keyword> scheme by 11% to ₹610.8 billion. </li><li>The scheme has been suffering from a funding crunch for the past few years, which has caused payment delays. </li><li>The <keyword id="6354642" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Modi">Modi</keyword> administration is trying to curry favour from rural Indian voters ahead of general <keyword id="6355644" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="elections">elections</keyword>. </li></ul> The Indian government <a href="http://pib.nic.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1560027">announced</a> on January 15 that it was increasing funding for the previous administration’s flagship employment scheme, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREGA) programme,in its upcoming interim <keyword id="6358021" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="budget">budget</keyword>. This is a response to a petition from over 250 activists, lawmakers and <keyword id="45092" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="farmers">farmers</keyword> rights leaders complaining of the programme’s <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/250-lawmakers-activists-write-to-prime-minister-raising-concerns-over-mgnrega-fund-crunch/articleshow/67529649.cms">inadequate funding</a>. The move is an attempt to sustain rural consumption, which has been falling as of late amid low food prices, which has translated into a decline in rural income. In fact, two-wheeler sales, which are often used a proxy for rural demand, have been on a downward trend for most of a year before rebounding in December owing to discounts from bike manufacturers and lower fuel prices. A necessary hike Established through an act in 2005, the scheme aims to provide a minimum of 100 days of paid employment in a financial year to every member of rural household. The work entailed is usually manual work like construction. The Modi administration, acting through the Ministry of Rural Development, is allocating an additional ₹60.84 billion to the programme, taking its total funding for 2019-2020 to ₹610.84 billion - the highest ever annual allocation for the programme since its inception. In the previous Union Budget, Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had hiked the annual spend for the programme by 15% to ₹55 billion. The higher funding is necessary. The MGNREGA has been suffering from a funding crunch since 2017-18 as state governments have not received additional sanctions from the central government, which has been dealing with a fiscal crisis of its own. For example, <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/mgnrega-scheme-faces-fund-crunch/article25921235.ece">nearly 100%</a> of the funding for the scheme was exhausted by the beginning the January 2019, with three months left to go. Despite the funding crunch, which has manifested in payment delays and an insufficient compensation rate, the programme has managed to provide a cumulative total of 2.36 billion working days to beneficiaries on an annual basis in the last three years. The decision to increase funding for the programme comes as part of the government’s attempts to alleviate rural distress ahead of general elections in May. The scheme has gained popularity in the rural heartland in the last few years as it has provided indebted farmers an alternative source of income, which caused the BJP <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-the-bjp-embraced-mgnrega-the-living-monument-of-the-upas-failures/">to backtrack from its criticism </a>of the programme and double down on it starting in 2016. Aside from this, the Modi administration is already said to be preparing a generous package of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/interest-free-loans-and-income-support-the-upcoming-budget-may-be-a-song-for-indias-farmers/articleshow/67538156.cms">interest-free loans and income support schemes</a> for smallholder farmers in its upcoming Budget. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/interest-free-loans-and-income-support-the-upcoming-budget-may-be-a-song-for-indias-farmers/articleshow/67538156.cms">Interest-free loans and income support— the upcoming Budget may be a song for India’s farmers</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nearly-90-of-rural-homes-in-india-have-savings-accounts-in-banks-report/articleshow/65438348.cms">Nearly 90% of rural homes in India have savings accounts in banks: Report</a>

The Modi government is looking to boost rural consumption with record outlay for employment scheme

India’s main opposition party The Indian National Congress has raised the stakes for the incumbent Narendra Modi government. On Monday, Congress president <keyword id="5268" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rahul-Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</keyword> promised a minimum income guarantee for every poor person if the party won the 2019 elections. The Modi administration is also reportedly preparing to unveil its own income support in the upcoming interim budget. What is the promise from Congress President Rahul Gandhi? Congress has promised to give the country’s poor a minimum amount of money from the government as monthly income, but hasn’t specified how much it will be. Is it the same as universal basic income (UBI)? It is unlikely to be the same as UBI, which by definition would mean an assured amount of money from the government to every citizen of the country. However, minimum income guarantee may only be available to people below a certain income threshold. How much will it cost the government? It is difficult to ascertain the cost without the details of the programme. India’s total population is 1.36 billion, of which 22% of people below poverty line. Assuming that the government supports only those below the poverty line, it will still have to pay nearly 300 million people a fixed sum of money every month. India Ratings estimates that the BJP's potential income support scheme, to be released in its budget, could end up costing at least ₹1.5 trillion a year - or 0.7% of GDP - in the absence of other support schemes. Separately, SBI’s Chief Economist Soumya Kanti Ghosh recently <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-if-interim-budget-2019-replaces-subsidy-with-cash-transfer/articleshow/67658379.cms">estimated</a> that about 143 million farmers get one kind of subsidy or another. Accounting for possible omissions for lack of proper identification of beneficiaries and for those who have no land or documentation, the report said that the cost of giving direct cash transfer in lieu of subsidy will be about ₹1.2 trillion a year. Meanwhile, Pranab Bardhan, professor of graduate school at the department of economics, University of California, Berkeley, estimated that if a scheme like the UBI were to be implemented, the government would have to pay ₹16,000 per household and it would cost ₹2.1 trillion a year, or 1.25% of the gross domestic product (GDP). Government has 940 centrally sponsored schemes, according to a <a href="http://www.iitd.ac.in/CEAIITD/pdfs/3/MOOC_Sub&amp;UBI_14Jun_v10.pdf">report </a>from former Chief Economic Advisor Arvind Subramanian in 2016. According to that estimate, the cost of giving every citizen some money every month would cost the exchequer about 4-5% of GDP. Who will bear the cost? If the central government raises taxes on the rich, the additional burden will be on the really well-off. However, it may affect the political donations that help parties fight elections. Raising the burden of middle-class taxpayer may have a political cost and won't win votes. If the government borrows money to fund additional expense, the burden will be on every taxpayer in the form of higher interest cost, weaker rupee and higher inflation. Can India afford such a huge burden? In theory, something like a minimum income guarantee can be funded by three ways: withdrawing or reducing existing subsidies or by raising taxes on richer sections of the people. So to give poor people given minimum income, would everyone else lose subsidies or pay more tax? Not necessarily. And certainly, no one will lose all subsidies. The subsidies available from the state governments will continue. If at all, only the central government subsidies may be withdrawn once it implements minimum income guarantee. So, if you live in Tamil Nadu or Punjab and get subsidised electricity, that will likely continue. Raising taxes will be a different matter. So which of the central government subsidies remain? As of now, the biggest subsidies that the central government offers are on food, fuel, fertilisers, liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cooking cylinders, as well as on tax and interest rates to specific sections of the population. One cannot say for sure how the government chooses to rationalise the existing subsidies. Can they withdraw food subsidy? Unlikely. Food subsidies are made available through the public distribution system, or ration shops, and are unlikely to be dismantled. 52.3% of all households purchased cereals from ration shops in 2011-12 compared to 27% in 2004-05, according to a Niti Aayog <a href="https://niti.gov.in/writereaddata/files/document_publication/Final%20PDS%20Report-new.pdf">report</a> from 2016. It won’t be a politically savvy move to increase the cost of food for half of the country’s households in one go. India also has a law that gives every citizen a right to affordable food, with the National Food Security Act 2013. So no government can withdraw food security without going back to the Parliament for permission. Do we still get fuel subsidy? While petrol and diesel prices have been deregulated, kerosene prices are subsidised as it is used mostly by the very poor and bought at ration shops. While the cost of kerosene subsidy was budgeted in February 2018 at about ₹4,500 crore, withdrawing the support will only hurt the poorest. What about the subsidy on cooking gas? The subsidy on LPG cooking cylinders is already transferred online to the eligible buyers. Current prime minister Narendra Modi pushed millions of Indians to adopt LPG cylinders instead of coal hearths. [hyperlink] Now, it will be a politically sensitive decision for any party to withdraw benefits on basic necessities like LPG, especially after literally forcing them to use it. What about fertilisers? Fertiliser subsidies are once again availed by farmers and the recent rural distress will make it difficult for the government to withdraw any farm subsidy. Moreover, India <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/india-to-continue-importing-fertiliser-in-medium-term-ind-ra-study/article24679053.ece">imports</a> 28% of all the fertilisers it needs, according to India Ratings and Research. On one hand the global prices of fertilisers have been rising, and the weaker rupee has made these imported fertilisers even more expensive. Withdrawing fertiliser subsidy will make farmers really angry. What about health and education subsidy? Ayushman Bharat, a scheme that was launched in 2018, is a centrally sponsored insurance programme targeting 10 crore families across India who are either poor and deprived or identified as urban workers' families. It covers hospitalisation cost up to ₹5 lakhs a year, and is likely to continue. Primary health centres are at funded by state governments. Central government subsidises higher education in places like IITs, IIMs, AIIMS, JNU etc, which are also likely to stay. What are interest subsidies? Often, the state-owned banks offer cheap loans to different sections of the population and the government bears the difference in interest rate. But don’t India’s farmers already get a lot of subsidies? Yes, India’s farmers are entitled to minimum support (MSP) price on their produce. Even if the market price of the crop is less than the MSP, the government is supposed to make for the difference. However, while many governments have either promised or increased the MSP, the <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/msp-kharif-crops-narendra-modi-minimum-support-price-gst-farmers-5270286/">net impact </a>on the farmers has been minimal. “No matter how hard the government tries, it cannot procure even 25% of the production of various kharif crops, except in paddy and cotton, as a robust procurement system does not exist for other crops,” experts at Indian Council For Research On International Economic Relations commented in July 2018. Therefore, withdrawing key subsidies, including those on fertilisers or interest on loans, will make the minimum income guarantee a zero-sum offer for the farmers. Will MGNREGA continue? Yes, it’s an employment guarantee scheme, not a subsidy. People are assured a certain number of days of work every year, for which they are paid. Is the Congress' promise a political gimmick? Minimum income guarantee will allow poor people to poor people to access basic necessities. Of course, this is assuming that the minimum amount given to the people is enough to cover their basic expenses. Further, the government will have to ensure that the infrastructure is in place to implement a massive programme like this in a complex country like India. The biggest problem in India is that it is very difficult to accurately identify those who need such a programme. So to analyse the merits of the promise, we will need more details. See more <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Presidential-ego-or-a-dynasts-charm-what-Indian-voters-like-is-still-a-mystery-to-the-countrys-politicians/articleshow/67685811.cms">Presidential ego or a dynast’s charm — what Indian voters like is still a mystery to the country’s politicians</a>

Explained: What is minimum income guarantee and how it may work?

New Delhi, Amid the coronavirus pandemic when the pace of manufacturing and services sector came to a grinding halt, <keyword id="6355165" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="agriculture">agriculture</keyword> and allied sectors in India have picked up pace as the country saw the strength of the farm sector. The <keyword id="26362" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Government">government</keyword> also took care of a large population of the country related to agriculture and farming and enacted new laws to intensify the winds of improvement in the agricultural sector. The <keyword id="6358021" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="budget">Budget</keyword> 2021-22 is going to be presented in <keyword id="6354721" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="parliament">Parliament</keyword> on Monday, amid wrangling over agricultural reform. In such a situation, it is expected that the Modi government, which claims to give priority to the progress of villages, the poor and <keyword id="45092" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="farmers">farmers</keyword>, will also give priority to agriculture and rural development in the upcoming Budget. According to the Economic Review 2020-21, while the industry and services sectors are projected to fall by 9.6 per cent and 8.8 per cent, respectively, in the current financial year, the growth rate of agriculture and allied sectors can remain at 3.4 per cent. The agriculture and allied sectors recorded a growth rate of 3.4 per cent at constant prices during FY 2020-21 (first advance estimate). The Modi government's priority has been to double the income of farmers by 2022 and to develop basic facilities in villages including 'pucca' houses for all the poor in the country. Therefore, with a view to achieving these goals, the budgetary allocation of major schemes of agriculture and rural development sector can be expected to increase in the upcoming Budget. A senior official of the Union Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare said that farmers' awareness about all the schemes of agriculture sector including Prime Minister <keyword id="7283018" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="kisan-samman-nidhi">Kisan Samman Nidhi</keyword> (PM-KISAN) is continuously increasing and the benefits of these schemes are beginning to be seen at the ground level. The government will also focus on the scheme to provide short-term agricultural loans to farmers at affordable interest rates. Other schemes of the agriculture sector, including the Prime Minister Crop Insurance Scheme, the Prime Minister Agricultural Irrigation Scheme, can also be given importance in this budget. Agricultural economists point out that along with agriculture, the government will give prominence to the plans of the food processing industry, which will help in achieving the goal of doubling the income of farmers. Major schemes for the development of villages proved to be very helpful in providing employment opportunities to the workers migrating from the cities during the corona period. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGA), in addition to providing employment to the daily wage labourers in the villages, proved to be crucial in the development of basic infrastructure in the villages, which was called an opportunity in disaster and under the self-sufficient India package. Experts say that in the upcoming Budget also, other rural development schemes including MNREGA can be increased. The budgetary allocation of MNREGA was ₹61,500 crore in 2020-21, but under the self-sufficient package in the corona era, an additional allocation of ₹40,000 crore was made for the scheme. Farmers have been agitating for more than two months on the borders of Delhi to repeal the new agricultural laws and to demand a legal guarantee for the purchase of crops at the minimum support price (MSP). Agricultural experts point out that MSP is a big issue in the farmers' movement, so some announcement can be expected in the Budget regarding MSP as well. Union Finance Minister <keyword id="129243" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirmala-Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> will present the General Budget of the upcoming financial year 2021-22 in Parliament on Monday. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/travel/article/the-many-marvels-of-satpura-biosphere-reserve/articleshow/80598269.cms">The many marvels of Satpura Biosphere Reserve in Madhya Pradesh</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/india-travel-and-tourism-sector-is-hoping-that-the-budget-2021-wont-leave-them-behind/articleshow/80596702.cms">India’s travel and tourism sector is hoping that the Budget won’t leave them behind</a>

Rural poor, farmers' progress to be government's priority :Budget 2021

<ul><li>Job creation will not just help solve widening inequalities but also help the Indian economy address the problem of weak domestic demand.</li><li>A big part of this is in creating better paying employment for those at the bottom of the pyramid who are engaged in low paid informal work arrangements.</li><li>This can be done by boosting <keyword id="92538" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="MNREGA">MNREGA</keyword> allocation, creating productive job opportunities in the manufacturing sector by leveraging the PLI scheme and providing support to micro and small enterprises.</li></ul>It is now abundantly clear that a disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 shock has been borne by those at the lower end of the income distribution. Especially for those engaged in informal work arrangements. As we lay out a roadmap of revival and recovery for the Indian economy in the budget, we need to focus on creating productive employment opportunities that provide decent wages and offer some degree of job security for wage earners and self-employed. <div type="image" title="Rural wage growth has flattened(1)" msid="80561918" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Rural wage growth &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> This is important, not just to address widening inequalities, but also to overcome the problem of inadequate aggregate demand. Reviving domestic demand emanating from those at the lower end of the income distribution — who have a higher marginal propensity to consume — will play a vital role in spurring private investment which has been steadily declining over the last decade and has fallen to 27.6% of GDP. Much of the focus thus far has been on addressing supply-side bottlenecks and structural factors that have impeded private investment, but now greater attention needs to be paid to the demand side factors. This will require a mix of various strategies. MNREGA needs more funds and higher wages To begin with, there is a need to increase the budgetary allocation for National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA), the one programme which has worked as an effective countercyclical automatic stabilizer during the COVID-19 crisis. In 2020-21, the budgetary allocation for MNREGA was ₹61,500 crores. Subsequently, an additional ₹40,000 crores were allocated under the Atma Nirbhar Bharat programme. <div type="image" title="MNREGA allocation" msid="80562411" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;MNREGA allocation&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> This allocation needs to be significantly enhanced as demand for MNREGA works is rising rapidly and several states are falling short of funds to provide work. Additionally, the government would do well to increase the number of working days offered under the programme from 100 to 150 days — as permitted under the architecture of the programme. Further, given that MNREGA wage rates of at least 17 of the 21 major states are even lower than the state minimum wage for agriculture, there is a need to bring the former in line with the latter. This will help fuel rural demand, from those at the bottom of the distribution. <div type="image" title="MNREGA_edited" msid="80566452" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Workers protesting for more work days under MNREGA and other demands in Patna&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Government needs to create more productive job opportunities Concomitantly, the imperative of accelerating the pace of productive job opportunities, in particular, in the manufacturing sector cannot be overemphasized. The government has announced a production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme amounting to ₹ 2 lakh crores — approximately 1% of GDP — over the next five years covering 14 sectors. To get the maximum bang for the buck, it might be worth considering linking these incentives not just to firms' production but also to employment creation on the firms’ payroll. This could potentially give a huge boost to productive job creation. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype="Video"><cdata><![CDATA[]]></cdata></div> However, it needs to be recognized that such incentives alone cannot give an impetus to manufacturing production and employment. As India returns to a strategy of import substitution, many of the firms availing these incentives are likely to find it difficult to integrate in global value chains and procure reasonably priced imported inputs, thereby hurting their competitiveness. For the success of PLI and for an export promotion strategy, there needs to be serious rethink on the increase in import duties which we have witnessed in the budget over the last three years. Smaller businesses should not be ignored While the PLI scheme focuses on large formal enterprises, it is important to note that the firm landscape is dominated by micro and small enterprises which have struggled to remain afloat during this period. Several of these enterprises are in the informal sector and have been unable to access the credit support offered by the government thus far. It would be worthwhile putting in place an enterprise support scheme for informal sector firms that can provide them some immediate relief. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype="Video"><cdata><![CDATA[]]></cdata></div> Undeniably, this is a challenging task given that these firms are not registered. We would need to find creative ways of supporting informal enterprises through financial and monetary measures such as reducing their operating costs by offering waivers or deferred payments for public services such as electricity, water or rent. In the medium term, however, it is important to focus on enhancing productivity of informal enterprises which will in turn enable an organic process of formalization. This will require providing customized technical and business skills, financial services, enterprise support and training to better compete in the markets. <div type="image" title="snapshot-1611900385290" msid="80562704" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Employment across India&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> The provision of local infrastructure facilities that cater to the specific needs of the local enterprises and clusters also plays a vital role in not just enhancing the productive capacity of informal enterprises but also in boosting employment creation in local communities in the short-term. While the budget is likely to focus on infrastructure creation to boost employment, it is important to note that big ticket infrastructural projects have a long gestation period and are capital intensive. They alone may not generate the desired employment benefits in the short run. Therefore, it would be prudent to also pursue more modest smaller projects at the local level to generate stronger multiplier effects in the local economy. The budget will expectedly lay out several measures to boost growth. However, it is imperative that maximisation of employment, and not just maximisation of GDP take centre stage in the budget. Growth estimates from the second quarter for FY 2020-21 suggest that the recovery witnessed by the Indian economy is being led by profits and not wages. However, this incipient recovery cannot be sustained unless higher profits lead to higher investment demand. The state of the labour market, both in the formal and informal sector, will play a crucial role in driving domestic demand and thereby private investment. *The author is a Senior Fellow at ICRIER. Views expressed here are personal. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/glee-s-t-january-2021-gst-collection-may-have-beat-the-december-record/articleshow/80512714.cms">Glee.S.T! January 2021 GST collection may have beat the December record</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/prime-minister-narendra-modi-signals-big-defence-budget-allocation-for-make-in-india/articleshow/80511082.cms">India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi may just have signalled a big allocation for defence equipment manufacturing, 3 days before the budget</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/india-needs-to-add-massive-amount-of-solar-and-wind-power-capacity-this-year-to-meet-its-first-target/articleshow/80496138.cms">India needs to add massive amount of solar and wind power capacity this year to meet its first target</a>

India needs more ‘productive’ jobs and higher wages to address its demand problem

The immediate priority of finance minister of India is to improve GDP growth and employment rates while keeping the targets of fiscal consolidation (3.5% of GDP in 2016-17) under control. Based on past few quarters’ results of corporate sector, we see demand hasn’t yet picked up. One of the main reasons is lack of rural demand, low rise in urban consumption and high food inflation. Based on this we think our finance minister should focus on sectors which could have a large scale impact to revive the <keyword id="34412" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="economy">economy</keyword> while providing enough employment to receive the benefits of India’s demographic dividend. These sectors include Agriculture, Infrastructure and Healthcare sector. 
 
1. Agriculture &amp; Rural economy 
Indian Agriculture sectors contributes around 17% to overall GDP, however, 49% of India's workforce is dependent on it. Overall GDP growth rate is round 7.5% while Agri-growth stutters around 1.7% (Down from 4% AGR in 11th Plan). Drought in last two years has made the situation worse by pushing marginalised farmers and agricultural labourers to the brink, leading to massive agrarian distress. 
 · The <keyword id="6355532" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mahatma-Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</keyword> National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has been successful in providing employment to India’s rural poor and improve their livelihoods. A study NCAER found that the MGNREGS “has reduced poverty overall by up to 32% and has prevented 14 million people from falling into poverty.” Budget allocated should be increased to Rs. 40,000 cr from current allocation of Rs.34, 699 cr as the current allocation is not sufficient to cover the increased demand. Govt. needs to make it demand-driven programme i.e. allocating resources to states and districts based on poverty level &amp; exposure to drought. Making state &amp; local bodies accountable by monitoring KPIs (Employment level, Assets etc). 
 
· Reliable, faster and effective rural electrification by investing &amp; promoting renewable energy sources (bio-gas, solar, wind etc.) under an integrated rural electrification framework. 
 · Crop insurance schemes in India covers merely 23% of farmers. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Beema Yojna (PMFBY) needs to employ technology and innovation in crop insurance by assessing farm-level damage through satellites &amp; drones, linking farmer’s farm to Aadhar number and transferring the amount directly to account. Out of total sown area of 141 million hectare only 45% (65 million hectare) is covered under irrigation. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY), launched in 2015, needs to achieve convergence of <keyword id="6362476" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="investments">investments</keyword> by Integration of water source, distribution and farm level applications. Using MSP as insurance mechanism rather than structural tool. 
 
· National Agriculture Market instead of current Mandi system, which suffers from cartelization of intermediaries’ problem, to enable farmers to discover the true price of their product. 
 
2. Infrastructure Sector Investment in infrastructure must give a boost to rail, road, irrigation and ports. Infrastructure has a high multiplier effect and goes a long way in creating sustainable GDP growth. Ports will help boost up trade and rail &amp;road will push activity within the country. Sufficient funds to be allocation to meet NHAI target of 30km/day. <keyword id="547488" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="tax-incentives">Tax incentives</keyword> for multi cargo ports with handling capacity of more than 100 MTPA will boost India’s exports. Withdrawal of minimum alternate tax in a calibrated manner must be done. Government should privatize managing of smaller airports and modernization of atleast 400 railway stations should be done in next year. Further atleast 30GW of renewable energy capacity can be established majorly through wind and solar. Accelerated depreciation benefit should be extended to wind sector apart from solar. 
 
3. Healthcare Sector 
In healthcare government should increase allocation to public healthcare by increasing it to 2% of GDP from current 1%. There must be tax holidays given to the pharma sector and the sunset clause on weighted deductions must be extended as India has the potential to become pharmacy of the world. These deductions on R&amp;D will go a long way on propelling innovation in pharma. Universal health insurance should be carried out through Jan Dhan-Aadhar-Mobile which will benefit patients and increase access thus helps us materialize our demographic dividend. 
 
 The article has been written by Devendra Meel and Sahil Makkar. 
 
(Devendra is a first year PGP student at IIM Bangalore. He has served on the program management &amp; strategy team of RIL's 4G venture. He holds a degree in electronics &amp; communication engineering, and takes strong interest in economics, governance &amp; political issues, reading and cricket) 
 
(Sahil is a first year PGP student from IIM Bangalore. Prior to this he has worked two years in R&amp;D division of Samsung. He is a graduate in Electrical engineering from IIT Bhubaneswar. He is an avid follower of cricket and has interest in economics and finance)

Budget 2016: It's time to create a long lasting impact

Ever since the <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> government took office, there has been an air of expectation in the country. Even the IMF and the World Bank expected a turnaround, predicting a growth rate of 6.4% in 2015. But a survey, which was conducted by the <keyword id="259702" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Labour-Bureau">Labour Bureau</keyword> during <keyword id="6355364" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="UPA">UPA</keyword>’s regime, paints a sorry picture of the state of <keyword id="6358907" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="unemployment">unemployment</keyword> in the country. 
 The latest survey conducted by the Labour Bureau has revealed that the rate of un<keyword id="6355127" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="employment">employment</keyword> in the country had increased to 4.9% in FY 2013-14. The major factor behind this rise was increase in unemployment in rural areas in spite of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) scheme. In FY 2012-13, the unemployment rate was 4.7%. 

	Despite the fact that MGNREGA was beneficial to 93% households in rural areas, the rate of unemployment went up to 4.7% in FY2013-14 from 4.4% in the preceding fiscal. However, the rate of unemployment in urban areas declined to 5.5% in FY2013-14 from 5.7% in the previous year. 
 

	Unemployment rate among men rose to 4.1% from 4%, and among women, it grew to 7.7% from 7.2%. 
 

	About 49.5% people are self-employed, 30.9% are casual labourers, 16.5% salary earners and the remaining 3% are employed as contractual workers.
 

	Gujarat had the lowest rate (1.2%) of unemployment in the country, while the northeastern state of Sikkim registered the highest rate.
 

	As many as 1,36,395 households were surveyed by the Labour Bureau, out of which 83,385 were in rural areas and 53,010 in urban areas.
 

	Although the survey was conducted during the UPA regime, it now remains to be seen how Narendra Modi delivers on his promise of ‘ache din’ as far as employment is concerned.

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