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Scientists have found a new approach that combines antibiotics with a protective antidote to reduce their harmful side effects without compromising the efficiency of the drugs. The study, published in the journal Nature, analysed the effects of 144 different antibiotics on the abundance of the most common gut bacteria. Presented at this year's European Congress of <keyword id="17167030" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="clinical-microbiology-infectious-diseases" source="Orion">Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases</keyword> (<keyword id="13677472" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="eccmid" source="Orion">ECCMID</keyword>) in Copenhagen, Denmark from April 15-18, the research offers novel insights into reducing the adverse effects of antibiotic treatment on the gut microbiome. "The scientists identified a novel approach that combines antibiotics with a protective antidote to help keep the gut microbiome healthy and reduce the harmful side effects of antibiotics without compromising their efficiency," said <keyword id="17161914" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="ulrike-lober" source="Orion">Ulrike Lober</keyword>, of the Max-Delbruck-Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin, Germany. "Despite our promising findings, further research is needed to identify optimum and personalized combinations of antidote drugs and to exclude any potential long-term effects on the gut microbiome," <keyword id="17167029" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="lober" source="Orion">Lober</keyword> said. The trillions of microorganisms in the human gut profoundly impact health by aiding digestion, providing nutrients and metabolites, and working with the immune system to fend off harmful bacteria and viruses. Antibiotics can damage these microbial communities, resulting in an imbalance that can lead to recurrent gastrointestinal problems caused by Clostridioides difficile infections as well as long-term health problems such as obesity, allergies, asthma and other immunological or inflammatory diseases. The international team of researchers systematically analysed the growth and survival of 27 different bacterial species commonly found in the gut following treatment with 144 different antibiotics. They also assessed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)-the minimal concentration of an antibiotic required to stop bacteria from growing-for over 800 of these antibiotic-bacteria combinations. The results showed that the majority of gut bacteria had slightly higher MICs than disease-causing bacteria, suggesting that at commonly used antibiotic concentrations, most of the tested gut bacteria would not be affected. However, two widely used antibiotic classes-tetracyclines and macrolides- stopped healthy bacteria growing at much lower concentrations than those required to stop the growth of disease-causing bacteria, the researchers said. These antbiotics also killed more than half of the gut bacterial species tested, potentially altering the gut microbiome composition for a long time, they said. As drugs interact differently across different bacterial species, the researchers investigated whether a second drug could be used to protect the gut microbes. They combined the antibiotics erythromycin (a macrolide) and doxycycline (a tetracycline) with a set of 1,197 pharmaceuticals to identify suitable drugs that would protect two abundant gut bacterial species (<keyword id="17161915" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="bacteriodes" source="Orion">Bacteriodes</keyword> vulgatus and Bacteriodes uniformis) from the antibiotics. The researchers identified several promising drugs including the anticoagulant dicumarol, the gout medication benzbromarone, and two anti-inflammatory drugs, tolfenamic acid and diflunisal. The study found that these drugs did not compromise the effectiveness of the antibiotics against disease-causing bacteria. Further experiments showed that these antidote drugs also protected natural bacterial communities derived from human stool samples and in living mice, the researchers added. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/wholesale-price-inflation-eases-to-29-month-low-of-1-34-in-march/articleshow/99551807.cms">Wholesale price inflation eases to 29-month low of 1.34% in March</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/the-galaxy-m14-is-the-latest-budget-offering-with-6000mah-battery-50mp-camera-at-13490/slidelist/99552545.cms">The Galaxy M14 is the latest budget offering with 6,000mAh battery, 50MP camera at ₹13,490</a>

Scientists find novel way to reduce harmful side-effects of antibiotics

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Trump said Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg is backed by the billionaire philanthropist George Soros.</li><li>George Soros, who is Jewish, said he's never even met the Manhattan DA.</li></ul>In the weeks leading up to former President Donald Trump's New York indictment, Trump and his allies have been trying to link Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg to billionaire Jewish philanthropist George Soros, a Hungarian-born Holocaust survivor.The"Soros-backed" trope is a longstanding anti-semitic dog whistle that's popular on the right. And while the idea that Soros is somehow behind the Trump's recent indictment in New York is unfounded, that hasn't kept him from being blamed for Trump's legal woes in New York.Former President Donald Trump lashed out ahead of his New York indictment, slamming <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-alvin-bragg-manhattan-da-trump-investigation-indictment-2023-3">Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg</a> in an all-caps Truth Social post for being "FUNDED BY GEORGE SOROS.""HE IS A SOROS BACKED ANIMAL WHO JUST DOESN'T CARE ABOUT RIGHT OR WRONG NO MATTER HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE HURT," Trump later <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-mocks-calls-for-supporters-stay-peaceful-truth-social-2023-3">e-shouted at his followers.</a>The the use of the word "animal" or animal imagery to describe Black people also has a long, racist history in the US. When news of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-indicted-new-york-stormy-daniels-hush-money-payment-2023-3">indictment broke Thursday</a> night, the rhetoric was spread far and wide across cable news and online, with Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis, a Republican, calling Bragg a "Soros-funded prosecutor" and Donald Trump Jr. referring to the philanthropist in an interview.To be clear, there is no evidence that George Soros has donated directly to Bragg. Right-wing claims that the district attorney is controlled by Soros are false.The claims are based on the fact that a group Soros does fund — an arm of the nonprofit Color of Change — has donated to Bragg, though none of those funds were earmarked for Bragg, Soros' spokesman, Michael Vachon, told Insider last week. "George Soros and Alvin Bragg have never met in person or spoken by telephone, email, Zoom etc.," Vachon told Insider in an email on March 23. "There has been no contact between the two. Neither George Soros nor Democracy PAC contributed to Alvin Bragg's campaign for Manhattan District Attorney."Soros himself also denied knowing Bragg <a href="https://www.semafor.com/article/03/31/2023/one-good-text-george-soros-responds">in a recent text exchange</a> with Semafor editor Steve Clemmons."As for Alvin Bragg, as a matter of fact I did not contribute to his campaign and I don't know him," Soros wrote to Clemmons. "I think some on the right would rather focus on far-fetched conspiracy theories than on the serious charges against the former president."Rhetoric from the right linking Soros — like a boogeyman — to causes they largely disagree with is nothing new. Soros has for decades been the target of such made-up plots, which experts in Jewish history and extremism say stems from age-old antisemitic conspiracy theories that Jews have undue global influence and power. The fact that Trump highlighted Soros' tenuous link to Bragg's campaign, as opposed to the sources of millions of dollars in direct contributions to Bragg, can be read as an antisemitic dog whistle. The core narrative of antisemitism has always been that a "secretive Jewish cabal sits at the root of the world's problems," Ben Lorber, a researcher of the far-right and antisemitism, told Insider. To the far right, Soros represents a member of that cabal, said Lorber, an analyst at Political Research Associates."George Soros conspiracies have been a fixture of the far right in the US since 2010, and now they're even more mainstream," Lorber said. "The rise of the far right that's occurred alongside the MAGA movement has led to the mainstreaming of antisemitism in this country." <h2>Soros-related conspiracy theories are common</h2>In times of political unrest — whether it be widespread protests against the killing of George Floyd, the coronavirus pandemic, or protests in response to the appointment of Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh — online message boards light up with accusations that Soros is masterminding it all behind the scenes. In March 2020, when protests and riots broke out across the country in response to Floyd's murder in Minneapolis, the Anti-Defamation League documented a 2,400% increase in tweets referring to Soros. The number of tweets about the philanthropist soared from 20,000 on March 26, a day after Floyd was killed, to more than 500,000 by March 30, <a href="https://www.adl.org/resources/blog/coronavirus-antisemitism" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to the ADL.</a>"For a long time, white nationalists have been afraid of white people losing their grip on power in the country, so the narrative that Jews are pulling the strings of the civil-rights movement, or pulling the strings of the Black Lives Matter movement today, are at the core of white supremacism" Lorber told Insider.Whenever there is a progressive DA looking to enact progressive changes and criminal-justice reform efforts, there are conspiracies that "George Soros is behind that in some sinister elite plot," Lober said. Soros does support progressive prosecutors who campaign on promises to enact criminal justice reform policies.Soros and his spokesman referred Insider and Clemmons to an opinion piece he penned last year for the Wall Street Journal, <a href="https://www.georgesoros.com/2022/07/31/why-i-support-reform-prosecutors/">explaining why he supports progressive prosecutors</a> — because their agendas prioritize "the resources of the criminal-justice system to protect people against violent crime."Soros' son and daughter-in-law have donated directly to Bragg's campaign.<div type="image" title="Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg speaks to supporters in New York on Nov. 2, 2021." height="3840" width="5592" msid="98950073" hostid="261"></div>Soros-related conspiracy theories are so common that the ADL has an entire landing page dedicated to them on its website."Even if no antisemitic insinuation is intended, casting a Jewish individual as a puppet master who manipulates national events for malign purposes has the effect of mainstreaming antisemitic tropes and giving support, however unwitting, to bona fide antisemitic and extremists who disseminate these ideas knowingly and with malice," the ADL site says. An Insider message to Trump's press office was not immediately returned.The American Jewish Committee also has a web page dedicated to tropes involving Soros. A spokesman for the organization declined to comment to Insider on the topic, noting that their group is "aggressively nonpartisan." But the group's "Translate Hate" website entry on Soros lays out when and how references to Soros are antisemitic."Criticizing Soros or his politics and actions is not antisemitic. Indeed, those who have suggested that any criticism is antisemitic do real disservice to the cause of fighting Jew hatred," the post reads. "However, when Soros is used as a symbol for Jewish control, wealth, and power, the criticism may be an <a href="https://www.ajc.org/translatehate/Soros" target="_blank" rel="noopener">updated version of traditional antisemitic tropes</a>."<h2>Antisemitism is on the rise</h2>Trump's post comes at a time when antisemitic incidents and beliefs are on the rise in the US, according to the ADL.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kanye-west-may-have-inspired-dozens-of-antisemitic-incidents-adl-2023-3">The ADL tabulated 3,697 antisemitic incidents in the US in 2022</a>, according to an annual report released Thursday — a 36% increase since 2021 and the highest number on record since the organization began tracking hateful incidents in 1979.The ADL also found that 20% of Americans <a href="https://www.adl.org/resources/report/antisemitic-attitudes-america-topline-findings">believe six or more antisemitic tropes</a>, which is significantly more than the 11% that ADL found in 2019. Among those tropes are that "Jews have too much power in the United States today," "Jews are more willing than others to use shady practices to get what they want," and "Jews always like to be at the head of things."Rhetoric like this doesn't just stay online either.In 2018, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/21/nyregion/cesar-sayoc-trump-mail-bomber.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a Trump supporter</a> was convicted of sending explosive devices to 16 Democratic supporters around the country, <a href="https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/659729192/explosive-device-mailed-to-liberal-philanthropist-george-soros-new-york-home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">including one to Soros' home</a>.Last year, after the FBI raid on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fbi-agents-argued-closing-classified-records-probe-into-trump-report-2023-3">Mar-a-Lago to search for classified records,</a> antisemitic threats against Attorney General Merrick Garland and the Florida judge who signed the search warrant surged online.The threats against <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/judge-bruce-reinhart-fbi-search-warrant-trump-mar-a-lago-2022-8" rel="">Judge Bruce Reinhart</a> were so specific and so credible that his synagogue canceled services.Trump himself even called for calm after news of the threats, but hours later resumed his attacks on Truth Social, naming Reinhart specifically.Lorber attributes the rise in antisemitic acts and feelings to the mainstreaming of these conspiracies by household figures. Last year, Ye, the rapper formerly known as Kanye West, proclaimed his love of Hitler, denied the Holocaust, and brought the white nationalist Nick Fuentes with him to a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kanye-west-seen-mar-a-lago-white-nationalist-nick-fuentes-2022-11" rel="">dinner at Mar-a-Lago</a> with Trump.QAnon — which became so mainstream that politicians, influencers, and Trump himself had made flattering comments about the movement — <a href="https://www.insider.com/qanon-conspiracy-theory-anti-semitism-jewish-racist-believe-save-children-2020-10">was built on the centuries-old trope</a> that a secret, world-dominating cabal is posing a danger to children worldwide. At the root of that conspiracy theory is that the cabal is made up of powerful Jews.Lorber said the rise in antisemitism in the US can be "laid at the feet of Fox News hosts and Donald Trump."

George Soros says he never contributed to Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg despite anti-semitic claims on the right

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Scientists find novel way to reduce harmful side-effects of antibiotics

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George Soros says he never contributed to Manhattan DA Alvin Bragg despite anti-semitic claims on the right

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