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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mars just scored another <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-discovers-potential-alien-life-evidence-biosignature-perseverance-rover-mars-2024-7">point in favor of alien life</a>.</li><li>Scientists discovered signs of an ocean's worth of liquid water miles below Mars' surface.</li></ul><p>Mars is looking more and more like a place for <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nasa-could-tell-us-aliens-are-real-2023-2">NASA to find the first signs of alien life</a>.</p><p>Scientists discovered evidence of a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/groundwater-pumping-causes-earth-rotational-pole-to-shift-study-finds-2023-7">reservoir of liquid water</a> seven to 13 miles below the Martian surface, lingering in the pores of the planet's crust.</p><p>They believe there's enough to cover the entire planet with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/saturns-death-star-moon-mimas-may-have-a-secret-ocean-2022-1">an ocean</a> about one mile deep.</p><p>The water, if it exists, is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-discover-underground-moon-cave-astronauts-could-live-2024-7">too deep to access</a> in the foreseeable future. Still, it's another promising sign that Mars could one day yield the most disruptive discovery in human history — that of life beyond Earth.</p><p>The discovery, announced Monday, comes just weeks after <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asks-help-retrieving-perseverance-mars-samples-alien-life-2024-4">NASA's Perseverance rover</a> drilled a rock sample on Mars that could contain evidence of microbial life from a bygone era.</p><div type="image" title="gritty yellow ring with speckled solid rock sample inside" height="1400" width="1471" msid="112479167" hostid="261" sizebytes="125234"></div><p>Ancient remnants of long-extinct <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-no-contact-with-aliens-2019-9">alien life</a> are all NASA can hope for on the parched Martian surface. But any sizeable source of liquid water,<strong> </strong>like these potential underground reservoirs, is a place to check for active microbial life — even though water 10 miles underground would never see the light of day.</p><p>"It's certainly true on Earth — deep, deep mines host life, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/seamount-new-species-schmidt-ocean-institute-expedition-marine-chile-2024-2">the bottom of the ocean hosts life</a>. We haven't found any evidence for life on Mars, but at least we have identified a place that should, in principle, be able to sustain life," Michael Manga, a co-author of the study and planetary scientist at the University of California, Berkeley, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://news.berkeley.edu/2024/08/12/scientists-find-oceans-of-water-on-mars-its-just-too-deep-to-tap/">said</a> in a press release.</p><h2 id="aaa09a5d-96fd-42cc-8177-e2c4153862f8">Marsquakes helped NASA find water clues</h2><p>When <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-detects-big-mars-quakes-2021-9">NASA put a seismometer on Mars</a>, aboard its InSight lander, the goal was to peer into the planet's interior.</p><div type="image" title="mars brown planet with blue-black and white splotches in the black of space" height="1920" width="1920" msid="112479165" hostid="261" sizebytes="112220"></div><p>Though <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-mars-lander-mission-ending-dust-power-crisis-2022-12">the InSight mission ended</a> in 2022, scientists are still sifting through all the data it collected in hopes of learning something new about Mars's depths.</p><p>InSight's seismometer instrument <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-lander-missing-big-mars-quakes-2021-4">measured Marsquake activity</a>, mapping seismic waves. As those waves move through the Martian interior, their timing and the direction they travel are influenced by the material they're traveling through deep underground.</p><p>So, by measuring the waves, the scientists of the new study<strong> </strong>can tell what's underneath the planet's surface. It's similar to how the waves of an X-ray or CAT scan can reveal what's inside a human body.</p><p>Manga and his colleagues used mathematical modeling to determine that a deep layer of fractured igneous rock, saturated with water, best explains InSight's data. Their findings were <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2409983121">published</a> in the peer-reviewed journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Monday.</p><div type="image" title="illustration of a column cutout of mars planetary interior beneath the insight lander with a deep layer of cracked rock with water in the cracks" height="825" width="1000" msid="112479161" hostid="261" sizebytes="95798"></div><h2 id="a0164bcd-c556-4a64-a741-6c029fdf4ce2">A clue in a Mars mystery</h2><p>In addition to being downright fascinating and potentially overturning humanity's conception of Mars as a lifeless, dry red rock, the new findings may help solve one of the planet's greatest mysteries: where all the water went.</p><p>Mars's surface was once lush with water. Heck, the Perseverance rover is exploring a basin that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-mars-rover-landing-jezero-crater-search-for-alien-life-2021-2">used to be a giant lake and river delta</a>.</p><p>But the planet didn't have a strong magnetic field, like Earth's, to help it hold onto its atmosphere. As a result, the sun's radiation wore away what little protective layer of atmospheric gases existed, and the planet dried up.</p><p>By about 3 billion years ago, all the water was gone. Some of it is still frozen in Mars's ice caps. Perhaps some simply vaporized in the harsh space environment. But scientists haven't really figured out where it all went.</p><p>The new findings suggest some of the water seeped deep into the planet's crust.</p>

Another point for life on Mars: Signs of liquid water discovered under the planet's surface

President Droupadi Murmu on Friday voiced concern over increasing <keyword id="20715750" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-debris" source="keywords">space debris</keyword> as a result of numerous satellites being placed in orbit and lauded <keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="ISRO" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> for setting itself a target to make future <keyword id="20018231" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-missions" source="keywords">space missions</keyword> debris free by 2030. Murmu was speaking at the celebration of the maiden <keyword id="22301946" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Space-Day" source="keywords">National Space Day</keyword> celebrations to mark the first anniversary of the landing of India's Chandrayaan-3 project. <br /><br />"Space debris can cause problems for space missions," she said during the event at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi that was attended by Union minister Jitendra Singh, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S Somanath, engineers, ISRO scientists and representatives of the country's nascent space industry. <br /><br />The president appreciated the ISRO System for Safe &amp; Sustainable Operations Management facility, which ensures continuous progress of space research activities. <br /><br />"I am also happy to note that India is moving forward to make all its space missions debris free by 2030," Murmu said. <br /><br />The president presented awards to winners of the Robotics Challenge and the Bharatiya Antariksh Hackathon on the occasion. <br /><br />The president said ISRO had made remarkable achievements in the space sector as well as invaluable contributions to the country's social and economic development. <br /><br />She appreciated the dedicated scientists who placed India's space programme among the best in the world by using minimum resources. <br /><br />Murmu also expressed confidence that the country would make continuous progress in space science and continue to set new standards of excellence. <br /><br />The president said the progress of India's space sector was extraordinary. <br /><br />"Be it a successfully completed Mars mission with limited resources or the successful launch of more than a hundred satellites at once, we have made many impressive achievements," Murmu said. <br /><br />The president said space exploration had increased the capabilities of human beings and transformed imagination into reality. <br /><br />"But space exploration is a challenging task. Research conducted to solve the problems during space exploration accelerates the development of science and improves human life," she said. <br /><br />The president said many sectors, including health and medicine, transportation, security, energy, environment and information technology, had benefited from developments in the space sector. <br /><br />The president pointed out that with the opening of the space sector to private entities, the number of start-ups had increased at a very rapid pace. <br /><br />"This has not only brought progress in space research but also given new opportunities to our youth to showcase and hone their talents," Murmu said. <br /><br />The president said she was happy to note that just a few months ago, an Indian company successfully launched a single-piece 3D-printed semi-cryogenic engine-powered rocket, the first such achievement.<br /><br />SEE ALSO:<br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/webstories/2024-tvs-jupiter-vs-honda-activa-6g-which-110cc-scooter-should-you-buy/slidelist/112730069.cms">2024 TVS Jupiter vs Honda Activa 6G – which 110cc scooter should you buy?</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/how-to/how-to-add-music-to-instagram-profile/articleshow/112732934.cms">You can now add music to your Instagram profile – here's how</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/audi-q8-facelift-launched-in-india-with-a-1-17-crore-price-tag/slidelist/112707701.cms">Audi Q8 facelift launched in India with a ₹1.17 crore price tag</a>

President Murmu voices concern over increasing space debris

<ul class="summary-list"><li>If the Mar-a-Lago classified documents case is dismissed, Trump can probably take his 33 boxes back.</li><li>As president, he'll control the National Archives and DOJ.</li></ul><p>When criminal defendants have their cases dismissed, they generally get their stuff back, with the obvious exception of illegal guns, drugs, or any other contraband.</p><p>So what about a newly reelected Donald Trump?</p><p><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-election-criminal-cases-presidency-2024-11">Special counsel Jack Smith</a> has signaled that he is winding down his two Trump cases ahead of the January 20 inauguration. He cites long-standing Justice Department policy barring the prosecution of sitting presidents.</p><p>If the Mar-a-Lago classified documents case is dismissed, can Trump take back <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-stored-classified-docs-boxes-christmas-ornaments-feds-2024-6">those 33 boxes</a> of keepsakes — ranging from Christmas decorations to highly sensitive nuclear secrets — that the FBI seized from his Palm Beach resort two years ago?</p><p>Legal experts told Business Insider that the short answer is yes — if he wants them back and takes possession of them while still in the White House.</p><p>That includes the documents Smith sees as contraband, currently stored in an FBI "SCIF," or sensitive compartmented information facility. Prosecutors have said over 300 classified documents were tucked away in boxes found stacked in Trump's ballroom, bathroom, and storage closets.</p><p>As president with authority over the Justice Department and the National Archives Records Administration — both fall under the executive branch — there is little to stop Trump from flouting long-standing rules for handling and storing government secrets.</p><p>And if he wants to bring it all back to Mar-a-Lago when he leaves office, his options include declassifying whatever is classified — presidents enjoy <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/86777/dispelling-myths-how-classification-and-declassification-actually-work/">broad declassification authority</a> — and telling the National Archives to declare the whole lot to be personal, not presidential, records.</p><p>Whatever he decides, he'll be protected for life by the broad <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/supreme-court-trump-immunity-january-6-election-ruling-decision-2024-5">immunity from prosecution</a> bestowed upon him by the US Supreme Court in July, legal experts said.</p><p>"If he has the chutzpah to ask for his boxes back, and there's no one on the other side to raise any protest, then he may well get them back," said attorney Paul Shechtman, a former federal prosecutor in Manhattan, where he served as chief of appeals.</p><p>"The bottom line is he's going to control the executive branch, including the Department of Justice," said Brian Greer, an attorney with the CIA's Office of General Counsel who served during both the Obama and Trump administrations.</p><p>"Combined with the Supreme Court immunity decision, that will give him extremely broad discretion over what to do with them," Greer said of Trump's boxes.</p><div type="image" title="Stacks of boxes in a bathroom and shower in President Donald Trump's Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida" height="905" width="1024" msid="115384341" hostid="261" sizebytes="61476"></div><p>In the 10 remaining weeks until the inauguration, Smith will likely move to dismiss the case, sum up his findings in a report for outgoing Attorney General Merrick Merriand, and then just leave Trump's documents and boxes behind in the custody of the FBI, experts said.</p><p>"He could say to whoever is in charge of the DOJ next, 'This is your headache,'" said Michael Bachner, a former Manhattan prosecutor and frequent commentator on the president-elect's legal travails.</p><p>Smith could try instead to return the classified documents to the agency he says is their rightful owner, the National Archives. But such a move could be easily undone.</p><p>"Trump can easily retrieve them from there," with or without declassifying them, Bachner said. "As long as he's doing it under the auspices of an official, presidential act, he'll have an argument that he is immune."</p><div type="image" title="This DOJ evidence photo shows a box containing classified documents on the floor of a Mar-a-Lago storage room, next to gifts and a case of Diet Coke." height="840" width="1252" msid="115384343" hostid="261" sizebytes="78172"></div><p>Trump's classified documents indictment says he repeatedly defied the National Archives and federal subpoenas in retaining classified documents and other presidential records that he took to Mar-a-Lago when he left the White House in January 2021.</p><p>The raid clearly stung. "These are dark times for our Nation, as my beautiful home, Mar-A-Lago in Palm Beach, Florida, is currently under siege, raided, and occupied by a large group of FBI agents," Trump said at the time, in a statement disclosing the search warrant had been executed.</p><p>"Nothing like this has ever happened to a President of the United States before," he wrote.</p><p>The FBI's surprise raid of Mar-a-Lago was an "attack by Radical Left Democrats who desperately don't want me to run for President in 2024," Trump added.</p><p>The case suffered a near-mortal blow this summer when US District Judge Aileen Cannon found that Congress should have approved Smith's appointment as special counsel.</p><p>She dismissed the case, a decision Smith was appealing when Trump was elected. That appeal is now on hold, with Smith saying that on December 2, he will announce his plans for the documents case and Trump's election interference case.</p><p>Trump had pleaded not guilty in both cases, calling the prosecution a politically motivated "witch hunt" and saying that he <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mar-a-lago-trump-further-stretches-tenuous-declassification-argument-2022-9">had declassified the documents</a> before leaving office.</p><p>He has sued Biden's Justice Department for $100 million, saying the raid was improper, and promised to fire Smith immediately upon taking office. The special counsel could beat him to it by resigning before Inauguration Day. His spokespeople did not immediately respond to a request for comment on this story.</p><p>For now, the classified documents seized from Mar-a-Lago remain evidence. By law, Trump and his lawyers can only view them in a secure facility.</p>

If the Mar-a-Lago documents case is dismissed, Trump could get everything back — and keep it with immunity

<ul class="summary-list"><li>On Sunday, a suspect was apprehended after an apparent assassination attempt on Donald Trump.</li><li>It appeared to be the second attempt in two months on the former president's life.</li><li></li><li>Here's what we know about the shooting suspect, who is in law-enforcement custody.</li></ul>A suspect was taken into custody Sunday and charged Monday after what the FBI is investigating as an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-shots-fired-florida-golf-course-2024-9">attempted assassination</a> on former President Donald Trump while he played golf in <keyword id="23182209" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="West-Palm-Beach" source="keywords">West Palm Beach</keyword>, Florida.<br /><br />Authorities identified Ryan Wesley Routh, a 58-year-old man with ties to both Hawaii and North Carolina, as the man arrested in connection with the incident.<br /><br />No injuries were reported during Sunday's incident, and Routh now faces federal charges. Here's what we know about Routh and the incident so far.<br /><br /><h2 style="font-family: LabGrotesque, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 37.5px; margin-top: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.875rem;">The <keyword id="20346186" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Secret-Service" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Secret Service" meta.hostid="83" meta.entityid="Secret Service">Secret Service</keyword> opened fire at a gunman</h2>Law-enforcement officials said a Secret Service agent spotted a rifle barrel sticking through a chain-link fence in the bushes near where Trump was playing golf Sunday at his course in West Palm Beach, prompting the Secret Service to open fire.<br /><br />"We are not sure right now if the individual was able to take a shot at our agents, but for sure, our agents were able to engage," a Secret Service representative said at a press conference shortly after the incident.<br /><br />Palm Beach County Sheriff Ric Bradshaw, who led the press conference, estimated that Trump was 300 to 500 yards away when the Secret Service agent spotted the rifle barrel.<br /><br />According to a criminal complaint, Routh fled the scene after the Secret Service opened fire.<br /><h2 style="font-family: LabGrotesque, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 37.5px; margin-top: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.875rem; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Routh was identified by a witness and detained</h2>Bradshaw said a witness helped authorities identify the suspect using his vehicle.<br /><br />"Fortunately," he said, "we were able to locate a witness that came to us and said, 'Hey, I saw the guy running out of the bushes — he jumped into a black Nissan, and I took a picture of the vehicle and the tag,' which was great."<br /><br />Bradshaw said law enforcement used information from the witness to pull over the vehicle on the I-95 freeway in Martin County, north of West Palm Beach, and detain its driver. He said the witness later identified the driver as the person he had seen running from the bushes at the golf course.<br /><h2 style="font-family: LabGrotesque, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 37.5px; margin-top: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.875rem; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">A rifle with a scope was found at the scene</h2>According to a criminal complaint, location data from a cellphone connected to Routh suggests he had been in the area near the golf course for roughly 12 hours before the apparent assassination attempt.<br /><br />Police who searched the area around the fence found an SKS-style rifle with a scope and two bags tied to the fence, according to the criminal complaint. The complaint said the serial number on the gun had been partially damaged.<br /><br />Authorities on Sunday said the bags contained ceramic tile and that officials also found a GoPro camera at the scene.<br /><br />Routh was held Sunday and appeared in court on Monday, where he was charged with possession of a firearm by a prohibited person and possession of a firearm with an obliterated serial number, both felony charges.<br /><br />Neither charge makes mention of an assassination attempt, though further charges may be pending. He is due to be arraigned on the charges later this month.<br /><h2 style="font-family: LabGrotesque, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 37.5px; margin-top: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.875rem; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Routh was reportedly convicted on a weapons charge</h2>The Associated Press, citing North Carolina government records, reported that Routh was convicted in 2002 of possessing a weapon of mass destruction.<br /><br />The AP said the records didn't provide further details but separately noted that a 2002 story from the <a target="_blank" class="Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement" href="https://greensboro.com/article_3006b4f9-9370-5b08-a54e-46c87faf6cbe.html"><u>News &amp; Record</u></a> newspaper in Greensboro, North Carolina, reported that a 36-year-old named Ryan Routh had been arrested after a three-hour standoff with law enforcement in which he was accused of barricading himself inside a roofing business following a traffic stop. He faced charges including possessing a weapon of mass destruction, which the News &amp; Record said was referring to a machine gun.<br /><h2 style="font-family: LabGrotesque, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 37.5px; margin-top: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.875rem; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He once seemed willing to die in the Ukraine war</h2><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/15/us/politics/trump-shooting-suspect-routh.html">The New York Times</a> reported Routh had expressed a desire on social media to die in battle in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/putins-threatening-the-west-with-war-its-not-the-first-time-2024-9">Ukraine's war against Russia</a>.<br /><br />His bio on Signal, an encrypted messaging platform, read in part, "Civilians must change this war and prevent future wars," the Times reported.<br /><br />The former construction worker talked to the outlet in 2023 for a story about Americans traveling to Ukraine to aid in the war effort. The Times said he had no military experience but said he'd traveled to Ukraine and wanted to recruit Afghan soldiers to fight Russia.<br /><h2 style="font-family: LabGrotesque, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 37.5px; margin-top: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 1.875rem; color: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Routh has supported politicians on both sides of the aisle — including Trump</h2>Routh wrote in a self-published book last year that he had previously voted for Trump but then reversed his support, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://apnews.com/article/trump-assassination-attempt-suspect-ukraine-f76ed09f256f6bd21727a10901d92af7?utm_campaign=TrueAnthem&amp;utm_medium=AP&amp;utm_source=Twitter">The Associated Press reported</a>.<br /><br />According to the AP, in the book, titled "Ukraine's Unwinnable War," Routh wrote of Iran, "You are free to assassinate Trump." Routh also criticized the former president for the January 6, 2021, attack on the US Capitol and for his withdrawal from the Iran nuclear accord.<br /><br />The AP reported Routh had supported various politicians online, including Bernie Sanders, Tulsi Gabbard, Nikki Haley — and most recently Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.<br /><br /><em>Correction: September 16, 2024 — An earlier version of this story misidentified the gun recovered at the scene. Authorities ultimately identified it as an SKS-style rifle. The Palm Beach County sheriff had earlier identified it as an AK-47-style rifle, not as an AK-47. The story also misidentified which official said, "For sure, our agents were able to engage." It was a Secret Service official, not the county sheriff. The story was separately updated with new information, including the timing of when the suspect is scheduled to be arraigned on the charges.</em><br />

What we know about Ryan Wesley Routh, the suspect in the apparent assassination attempt against Donald Trump

<keyword id="19905255" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="SpaceX" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="SpaceX" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="SpaceX">SpaceX</keyword> will launch its first uncrewed <keyword id="23083681" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Starships" source="keywords">Starships</keyword> to <keyword id="19901192" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars" source="keywords">Mars</keyword> in two years when the next Earth-Mars transfer window opens, Chief Executive Officer <keyword id="19903807" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Elon-Musk" source="keywords">Elon Musk</keyword> announced on Saturday. <br /><br />Elon Musk stated that these will be uncrewed to test the reliability of landing intact on Mars. He added that if those landings go well, then the first crewed flights to Mars will be in four years. Taking to X, Elon Musk stated, "The first Starships to Mars will launch in 2 years when the next Earth-Mars transfer window opens. These will be uncrewed to test the reliability of landing intact on Mars.<br /><br />"If those landings go well, then the first crewed flights to Mars will be in 4 years. Flight rate will grow exponentially from there, with the goal of building a self-sustaining city in about 20 years. Being multiplanetary will vastly increase the probable lifespan of consciousness, as we will no longer have all our eggs, literally and metabolically, on one planet," he added. <br /><br />In another post on X, Musk stated that SpaceX created the first fully reusable rocket stage and made the reuse economically viable. "SpaceX created the first fully reusable rocket stage and, much more importantly, made the reuse economically viable. Making life multiplanetary is fundamentally a cost per ton to Mars problem," Musk posted on X.<br /><br />"It currently costs about a billion dollars per ton of useful payload to the surface of Mars. That needs to be improved to USD 100k/ton to build a self-sustaining city there, so the technology needs to be 10,000 times better. Extremely difficult, but not impossible," he added. <br /><br />In June this year, SpaceX's Starship, the most powerful launch vehicle ever made, launched and achieved key objectives planned for its fourth test flight that showcased the vehicle's reusability, CNN reported. It was launched from a private Starbase facility in Boca Chica, Texas, on June 6 at 8:50 am ET, and the company streamed live coverage on X. <br /><br />The Starship launch system has the upper Starship spacecraft and a rocket booster known as the Super Heavy. According to SpaceX broadcast, of the rocket's 33 engines, 32 lit during the launch of the Starship, according to CNN report. The vehicle achieved multiple milestones during the test flight, including the survival of the Starship capsule upon reentry during peak heating in Earth's atmosphere and splashdown of both the capsule and booster.<br /><br />After separating from the spacecraft, the Super Heavy booster for the first time executed a landing burn and had a soft splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico after eight minutes of the launch.<br /><br />Meanwhile, the Starship capsule achieved orbital insertion. Around 50 minutes following the launch, the spacecraft started its controlled reentry journey, and a colourful buildup of plasma could be witnessed around the vehicle as its heat shield faced the extreme temperatures of Earth's atmosphere, CNN reported. <br /><br />The Starlink satellites of the company helped in the livestream that was continuously available during reentry. A flap near the camera view on Starship seemed to scorch during reentry, and particulate matter blocked some of the view of the camera, the report said. In the end, Starship was able to achieve its expected landing burn into the <keyword id="19899989" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-ocean" source="keywords">Indian Ocean</keyword>.<br /><br />

Elon Musk: SpaceX to launch first Starships to Mars in two years

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA's Perseverance Mars rover is collecting samples that could be evidence of ancient alien life.</li><li>But <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-plan-to-bring-perseverance-rover-mars-samples-to-earth-2021-9">NASA's Mars Sample Return mission to bring them to Earth</a> will now cost $11 billion and take two decades.</li></ul><p>NASA bit off more than it could chew when it sent the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-from-nasa-perseverance-mars-rover-2021-2">Perseverance rover to Mars</a> to collect samples.</p><p>The $2.4 billion mission <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-mars-rover-landing-jezero-crater-search-for-alien-life-2021-2">landed the rover in Jezero Crater</a>, the site of an ancient lake. It's the ideal spot to search for the fossils of Martian microbes that may have existed when the planet was lush with lakes and rivers.</p><div type="image" title="jezero crater river delta mars perseverance rover landing site" height="1894" width="2000" msid="109325207" hostid="261" sizebytes="368934"></div><p>Perseverance's main mission is to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-perseverance-rover-first-mars-sample-mysteriously-missing-2021-8">collect samples</a> of the rock and sediment along the lake bed and the crater rim, in hopes of finding a sign that life once thrived on the red planet. The rover has done a fine job — so far it's secured 24 samples — but NASA no longer knows how it's going to bring them to Earth for analysis.</p><div type="image" title="mosaic of photos of light-saber-like sample tubes on the martian surface" height="1608" width="2860" msid="109325271" hostid="261" sizebytes="489456"></div><p>NASA's original design for the retrieval mission, called Mars Sample Return, has fallen apart. The agency is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-helping-private-companies-build-business-moon-make-lunar-billions-2023-6">asking companies to step in</a> and propose better ideas.</p><p>"We are looking at out-of-the-box possibilities that could return the samples earlier and at a lower cost," Nicola Fox, head of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said in a press briefing on Monday. "This is definitely a very ambitious goal. We're going to need to go after some very innovative new possibilities for design, and certainly leave no stone unturned."</p><h2>NASA's old plan costs $11 billion and takes  too long</h2><div type="image" title="perseverance rover robotic arm holds up golden tube for coring samples against mars plains background" height="1161" width="1595" msid="109325273" hostid="261" sizebytes="42616"></div><p>NASA's original proposal for the Mars Sample Return is "mind-bendingly complicated," David Parker, director of space exploration at the European Space Agency, said in 2021.</p><p>The idea was to launch two rockets toward Mars, one carrying a lander and one carrying an orbiter.</p><p>The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-insight-mars-lander-hibernating-so-batteries-dont-die-2021-4">lander</a> would be the largest ever sent to Mars. It would touch down near the stash of samples that Perseverance set up, deploy a rover to fetch the sample tubes, and load them onto a small rocket attached to the lander.</p><div type="image" title="illustration of mini rocket launching from mars lander" height="1645" width="2200" msid="109325275" hostid="261" sizebytes="207076"></div><p>Then the rocket would launch the samples into Mars orbit, where it would eject them toward the orbiter, which would be the largest spacecraft NASA ever sent to Mars.</p><div type="image" title="illustration of mars sample return mission shows mini rocket releasing small container into mars orbit" height="1080" width="1920" msid="109325277" hostid="261" sizebytes="59142"></div><p>The orbiter would have to grab the samples, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jane-poynter-space-perspective-founder-space-travel-crucial-protect-earth-2022-3">journey back to Earth</a>, and drop the sample vessel on a fiery plummet to our planet's surface, where a team would retrieve them.</p><p>The mission plan relied about $4 billion in new technology and a decade of mission design and construction.</p><p>But the projected cost has ballooned to $8 to $11 billion since Perseverance touched down at Jezero Crater. Independent reviews have also concluded that instead of one decade to bring the samples to Earth, it would take two.</p><p>"The bottom line is that $11 billion is too expensive, and not returning samples until 2040 is unacceptably too long," NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said in the briefing. "It's the decade of the 2040s that we're going to be landing astronauts on Mars."</p><p>At the current price tag, Mars Sample Return would "cannibalize" other NASA missions, Nelson said. So the agency is calling all hands on deck, inside and outside of NASA, to come up with a new plan.</p><h2>NASA wants companies with 'tried-and-true' technology</h2><p>Fox said that NASA needs to see short proposals from companies or laboratories by May 17. Then the agency will choose a few of those competitors to further develop their ideas over a 90-day period, with complete proposals on NASA's desk by late fall or early winter.</p><p>Some of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-helping-private-companies-build-business-moon-make-lunar-billions-2023-6">NASA's most tried-and-true contractors</a> include Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, Boeing, and SpaceX. Startups like Astrobotic and Intuitive Machines are getting their foot in the NASA door through the agency's new moon program.</p><p>"What we're hoping is that we will be able to get back to some more traditional tried-and-true architectures," Fox said. "Anything requiring huge leaps in technology usually, from experience, takes a lot of time."</p><p>As for the return trip from <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mars-gravity-earth-giant-whirpools-oceans-climate-megacycle-million-years-2024-3">Mars to Earth</a>, that will be a technological leap no matter what.</p><p>"We've never launched from another planet, and that's actually what makes Mars Sample Return such a challenging and interesting mission because it really is the first of a kind," Fox said.</p>

NASA is asking for help to retrieve Mars samples that could be the first evidence of alien life 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Scientists have known about Mars holes for years but an old image has reignited interest. </li><li>These holes could contain evidence of alien life on Mars and be a shelter for future astronauts.</li></ul><p>In case you hadn't heard, there's a hole on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-havent-we-been-to-mars-yet-2024-5">Mars</a> — multiple holes, actually. These holes, or pits, aren't news. Here's a photo of one from 2007:</p><div type="image" title="dark black hole on grey martian surface" height="246" width="491" msid="110917150" hostid="261" sizebytes="24096"></div><p>However, an image taken by the HiRISE camera in 2022 recently resurfaced on the University of Arizona HiRISE's <a target="_blank" href="https://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/ESP_075251_1775">Picture of the Day</a>, reigniting the conversation around these fascinating features.</p><p>Any excuse to talk about these holes is a good one because they remain largely mysterious and full of promise for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-plan-colonize-mars-plan-unrealistic-scientists-explain-2023-10">future scientific missions</a>.</p><h2 id="02922bb5-b134-4beb-a59c-caadf4cc0a2f">What are those mysterious holes on Mars?</h2><div type="image" title="side by side images of holes on mars" height="1500" width="3000" msid="110917144" hostid="261" sizebytes="202650"></div><p>The holes, aka pits, are located on the flanks of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/martian-volcano-unlike-anything-on-earth-2017-2">ancient volcanoes</a> in Mars's Tharsis region, the largest volcanic region on the red planet and home to some of the biggest volcanoes in our solar system.</p><p>As far as scientists can tell, Mars is no longer <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-close-up-photos-show-volcanoes-erupt-on-jupiters-moon-2024-2">volcanically active</a>. So there's no risk of these giant volcanoes erupting. But there is a possibility that residual underground lava tubes may still exist.</p><p>Scientists think these holes are "skylights," or places where the ground above the lava tubes has caved in and created a gaping hole in the surface, Brandon Johnson, a geophysicist at Purdue University who studies impact craters throughout the solar system, told Business Insider.</p><div type="image" title="Olympus Mons volcano on Mars from the Viking 1 Orbiter. The mosaic was created using images from orbit 735 taken 22 June 1978. Olympus Mons is about 600 km in diameter and the summit caldera is 24" height="947" width="1024" msid="110917143" hostid="261" sizebytes="101872"></div><p>If these lava tubes are anything like Earth's, they could be the perfect place for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mars-colony-volcano-hawaii-hi-seas-2016-1">astronauts to hunker down</a> during their stay on Mars.</p><p>"There's more than one of these [pits] on Mars that we've seen," Johnson said. "But they're really interesting because they're places where astronauts might be able to go and be safe from <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mars-radiation-levels-spacex-nasa-exposure-2018-4">radiation</a>."</p><p>That said, it's unclear how deep these holes go or where they lead. We can only speculate from what we see on other planets, like our own.</p><div type="image" title="An underground lava tube is lit with a yellow lamp and a person stands inside." height="683" width="1024" msid="110917146" hostid="261" sizebytes="175578"></div><p>"On the Earth, these <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hawaii-man-fell-into-lava-tube-died-2019-11">lava tubes</a> can be large enough to walk around in, but they can also be small or the voids can be discrete or discontinuous," Ross Beyer, a planetary scientist with the SETI Institute, told Business Insider over email. "So these pits we see could open into larger caves, or they could just be isolated pits."</p><p>Beyer added, "There's no way to know what's in them until we explore them in more detail."</p><p>Besides hypothetical <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-says-man-will-go-mars-within-10-years-2023-2">human missions</a> that may, or may not, happen anytime soon, there's a far more important reason to explore these holes further.</p><h2 id="e80dfe2f-3842-4d28-964d-919f40576cf4">Is there life on Mars?</h2><div type="image" title="A hole in the grey surface of the moon with craters all around it." height="800" width="800" msid="110917151" hostid="261" sizebytes="24272"></div><p>These holes could be one of the best places to search for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asks-help-retrieving-perseverance-mars-samples-alien-life-2024-4">evidence of extraterrestrial life</a> on Mars because they may offer a protective, warm sanctuary from the planet's unforgiving surface.</p><p>For example, lava tubes on the moon can be as warm as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/nasas-lro-finds-lunar-pits-harbor-comfortable-temperatures/">63 °F</a>. That's plenty warm enough for life to arise inside. It's unclear if lava tubes on Mars would also be this warm — it's not a stretch to imagine, just a challenge to confirm.</p><p>Right now, the only information scientists know about these holes is what they can see from orbiting cameras in space. When it launched onboard NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft in 2005, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-mars-orbiter-best-images-15th-anniversary-2020-8">HiRISE camera</a> was the most powerful telescope to ever leave Earth's orbit and has since transformed our understanding of the red planet, snapping over <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103523003731">80,000</a> images. But it's still limited.</p><p>"Unfortunately, there is a limit to the 'angle' that we can get from orbit to look 'into' these pits. So sometimes we can see 'walls' and sometimes we can't," Beyer told BI.</p><div type="image" title="Illustration of Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter" height="555" width="740" msid="110917148" hostid="261" sizebytes="20564"></div><p>The best way to explore below the surface would be to physically go inside by dispatching a rover to investigate the pit, Johnson said.</p><p>"There are missions proposed to essentially have a robot go on a line and drop down into one of these skylights and be able to explore what's inside of them," he said.</p><p>But to be clear, just because there could be life in these pits, doesn't mean Mars definitely hosts extraterrestrials.</p><p>"This is a good place to look, but we don't know if there's life on Mars at all," Johnson said.</p><p>In the meantime, to understand these mysterious holes as much as we can, "HiRISE and other Mars-orbiting spacecraft will certainly continue to take images of volcanic areas from orbit to try and characterize them better," Beyer said.</p>

A mysterious hole on Mars could be a jackpot of scientific discoveries, from extraterrestrial life to where astronauts could live

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Barron Trump is the youngest Trump son and has spent time in NYC, the White House, and Mar-a-Lago.</li><li>Trump has largely stayed out of the political spotlight but is starting to take on a bigger role.</li></ul><p>Barron Trump's life has been cloaked in privacy. But now that he's officially an adult and his father, former President Donald Trump, is running for president again, Barron Trump is back in the public eye.</p><p>The youngest Trump spent much of his childhood in Manhattan and waited five months after his dad's inauguration to move into the White House. He has largely <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-campaign-2024-election-family-2023-10">remained out of</a> the political spotlight, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/barron-trump-donald-rnc-convention-delegate-2024-5">but attended his first campaign rally in July, 2024</a>.</p><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-family-after-white-house-donald-melania-ivanka-2022-2#eric-trump-serves-as-vice-president-of-the-trump-organization-and-lara-trump-cochairs-the-republican-national-committee-5">Now officially an adult,</a> the 18-year-old is a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/first-children-of-presidents-went-to-college">freshman at New York University's</a> Stern School of Business. He's not living on campus and spent his first day surrounded by Secret Service agents.</p><p>Here's everything you need to know about Trump's New York City upbringing, political engagement, and personal life.</p><h2 id="02efeb82-5adf-4ca9-b800-9b39941cb566"><strong>Barron Trump's childhood and family</strong></h2><p>Barron Trump was born on March 20, 2026 in New York City. He's Donald Trump and former First Lady Melania Trump's only child. The couple <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-karen-mcdougal-affair-melania-pregnant-timeline-2024-6">found out they were expecting</a> about six months after getting married, which Melania described as "a real surprise."</p><p>Donald Trump wasn't in the delivery room when Barron Trump was born, but did choose his name. Barron Trump weighed 8 lbs., 8 oz. at birth and now measures a whopping 6-foot-7. He is the youngest Trump child and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meet-donald-trumps-five-children-2017-1">has four half-siblings</a>: Ivanka, Donald Jr., Eric, and Tiffany. There is a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-children-through-the-years-photos-2022-11">significant age gap between the kids</a> — Barron Trump is between 13 and 29 years younger than his siblings.</p><div type="image" title="Donald Trump, Barron Trump, and Melania Trump pose" height="3000" width="2271" msid="114148239" hostid="261" sizebytes="249364"></div><p>Trump became an uncle when he was still a baby. He has four nieces who are just one year younger than him.</p><p>Throughout his childhood, Trump lived in Trump Tower in New York City. He had an entire floor to himself and enjoyed drawing, according to his mom. In an interview, Melania Trump said she calls her son "Little Donald" because of how similar she thinks he is to his father.</p><p>Trump attended Columbia Grammar and Preparatory School on the Upper West Side of Manhattan through the end of fifth grade. Tuition for elementary and middle school cost $64,340 for the 2024-2025 academic year, according to the school's website.</p><div type="image" title="Melania Trump, Barron Trump, and Donald Trump stand on steps together." height="2155" width="3000" msid="114148235" hostid="261" sizebytes="456642"></div><h2 id="36a5a847-5965-4171-8e3a-adb4b847228a"><strong>Barron Trump's years in the White House and high school</strong></h2><p>Trump was nine years old when his father was elected president. Though it's typical for a president's immediate family to join them in the White House after the inauguration, Trump and his mom bucked tradition by waiting five months to relocate to Washington. In those months, Trump finished up fifth grade at Columbia Grammar. During his last year at the school, his entire class went to Washington, D.C. and met the president.</p><div type="image" title="Barron Trump and Donald Trump at the presidential inauguration in 2017." height="2270" width="3000" msid="114148233" hostid="261" sizebytes="188042"></div><p>On June 11, 2017, the young Trump joined his dad in the White House. He enrolled at St. Andrew's Episcopal, a prep school in Maryland. Middle school tuition was $49,680 for the 2024-2025 academic year, according to the school's website. Most other presidents — including Clinton, Bush, and Obama — sent their children to Sidwell Friends, a private Quaker school.</p><p>Melania Trump guarded her son's privacy during their years in Washington. When Donald Trump left office and moved to Mar-a-Lago in Palm Beach, Florida, Barron went with him. He enrolled at Oxbridge Academy for high school, where high school tuition in 2025-2025 was $41,500. Trump graduated on May 17, 2024 and his dad got a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-attend-son-barron-high-school-graduation-after-all-2024-4">break from his hush-money trial </a>to attend the ceremony.</p><div type="image" title="Barron Trump in his high school graduation ceremony." height="2800" width="4200" msid="114148243" hostid="261" sizebytes="506740"></div><h2 id="29306c95-80be-4f63-b041-d6874f37a4ba"><strong>Barron Trump's political role</strong></h2><p>Though he was the only one of his siblings to live in the White House, the youngest Trump generally<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/family-members-attend-donald-trump-2024-presidential-campaign-launch-florida-2022-11"> avoided political scrutiny </a>during his time in Washington. He appeared at a few holiday events, like the annual Easter Egg Roll and Thanksgiving turkey pardoning in 2017.</p><p>Since his dad left office, however, Trump has started to tiptoe into the political arena. In May, 2024, outlets announced that he was chosen as an at-large delegate for Florida at the Republican National Convention. But just two days later, Melania Trump's office announced that her <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-says-donalds-youngest-son-barron-wont-florida-delegate-2024-5">son would not participate</a> because of a previous engagement. Other members of the Trump family were delegates for Florida.</p><p>Trump attended his first campaign rally on July 9, 2024 in Doral, Florida. In photos, he could be seen smiling and waving his fist.</p><p>"You're pretty popular, he might be more popular than Don and Eric," the former president joked at the rally. He has previously said that his youngest son is interested in politics and will occasionally give campaign advice. Barron Trump reportedly advised his dad to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-son-barron-told-him-talk-to-streamer-adin-ross-2024-8">sit for an interview with Adin Ross</a>, a high-profile streamer whose viewers are largely male and conservative.</p><p>While his dad was president, the young Trump dealt with online attacks and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/children-of-former-us-presidents-2015-7">former first children </a>rushed to his defense. The aggression persisted even after the Trumps left Washington — in 2023, a woman <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/barron-trump-received-death-threats-from-illinois-woman-feds-2023-8">sent the then-high schooler death threats</a>.</p><div type="image" title="Barron Trump at a Florida campaign rally in July of this year." height="1657" width="2000" msid="114148230" hostid="261" sizebytes="161174"></div><h2 id="90fcf5ac-0751-4d2c-9522-37814024e4d7"><strong>Barron Trump's young adulthood and personal life</strong></h2><p>Much speculation swirled around where Trump would attend college and in September of 2024, the public got its answer: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/barron-trump-attending-new-york-university-college-2024-9">New York University's Stern School of Business</a>. The former president called NYU "a very high quality place" and said his son was admitted to various schools. Trump is not living on campus, but rather residing at Trump Tower and commuting to school. He spent his first day surrounded by Secret Service agents.</p><div type="image" title="US President Donald Trump and his son Barron wave as they board Air Force One at Morristown Municipal Airport in Morristown, New Jersey, on August 16, 2020." height="3712" width="5568" msid="114148228" hostid="261" sizebytes="668718"></div><p>Trump is apparently close with his mom and fluent in Slovenian, her first language. Much of his personal life is unknown, though. He had no social media accounts prior to September, 2024, when he made an account on X, formerly known as Twitter, to join an event about <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-going-for-crypto-bro-vote-world-liberty-financial-2024-9">his dad's new crypto platform</a>.</p><p>Should Trump become a first child yet again, he may become an even bigger fixture of public and political speculation.</p>

Barron Trump: The childhood, political role, and personal life of the youngest Trump son

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Former first lady Melania Trump has remained an enigmatic figure since Donald Trump entered politics.</li><li>Born in Slovenia, she moved to the US for her modeling career and became a naturalized citizen.</li></ul><p>Former first lady Melania Trump has remained an enigmatic figure since her husband, former President Donald Trump, launched his political career.</p><p>Born in Slovenia, she moved to the US to pursue modeling and made history as the first naturalized citizen to become first lady. During her time in the White House, she focused on children's health and well-being with her <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-be-best-campaign-details-2018-5">Be Best</a> initiative and sparked controversy with her fashion statements.</p><p>A self-described "private person," she has rarely campaigned or granted interviews.</p><p>Here's a look at Melania Trump's life, career, and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-melania-stormy-daniels-affairs-marriages-timeline-2018-3">marriage to Donald Trump</a>.</p><h2 id="90192e5d-5ca1-4083-a84e-9bdc2fd369e0">Melania Trump's early life and upbringing</h2><p>Melania Trump, 54, was born Melanija Knavs on April 26, 1970, in Novo Mesto, Slovenia, which was then part of Yugoslavia. Her mother, Amalija Knavs, worked in the fashion industry as a patternmaker at a textile factory. Her father, Viktor Knavs, was a car salesman. She has one sister, Ines Knauss, and a half-brother, Denis Cigelnjak.</p><div type="image" title="Melania Trump's childhood home in Sevnica, Slovenia." height="683" width="1024" msid="113883421" hostid="261" sizebytes="139624"></div><p>Melania Trump has said that she speaks English, Italian, French, and German in addition to her native Slovenian.</p><h2 id="80d16b8c-8bfb-49fb-bfa0-b0593462b604">Melania Trump's modeling career</h2><p id="80d16b8c-8bfb-49fb-bfa0-b0593462b604">At 5 feet 11 inches tall, Melania Trump was scouted by photographer Stane Jerko in Slovenia in 1987. She dropped out of architecture school to pursue modeling, appearing on runways in Paris and Milan before moving to the US on a tourist visa in 1996.</p><p id="80d16b8c-8bfb-49fb-bfa0-b0593462b604">Melania Trump posed nude for photos that appeared in a French edition of GQ in 1996. The New York Post resurfaced the photos in 2016 during <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-book-claims-roger-stone-behind-leaked-nudes-2019-12">Donald Trump's presidential campaign</a>. She also posed nude on Donald Trump's Boeing 727 private plane for GQ in 2000. That same year, she appeared in the swimsuit issue of Sports Illustrated.</p><div type="image" title="Melania Trump poses in front of the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue." height="874" width="1165" msid="113883415" hostid="261" sizebytes="76730"></div><p id="80d16b8c-8bfb-49fb-bfa0-b0593462b604">In a post on X in 2024, Melania Trump said that she stands proudly behind her <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-nude-modeling-honor-bodies-memoir-2024-9">nude modeling work</a>, calling it a "celebration of the human form."</p><p>"Throughout history, master artists have revered the human shape, evoking profound emotions and admiration," she said. "We should honor our bodies and embrace the timeless tradition of using art as a powerful means of self-expression."</p><h2 id="3c9a5fc7-9e8e-46a3-a620-e7b209c1edd2">Melania Trump's citizenship and immigration</h2><p id="3c9a5fc7-9e8e-46a3-a620-e7b209c1edd2">Melania Trump became a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-immigrant-first-lady-speech-national-archives-2023-12">naturalized US citizen</a> in 2006 and is the first naturalized citizen to serve as first lady of the United States.</p><p id="3c9a5fc7-9e8e-46a3-a620-e7b209c1edd2">Speaking at a naturalization ceremony at the National Archives in a rare public appearance in 2023, she recalled navigating a "labyrinth" of paperwork while obtaining her worker visa and becoming a US citizen.</p><div type="image" title="Melania Trump speaks at the National Archives" height="683" width="1024" msid="113883416" hostid="261" sizebytes="29192"></div><p id="3c9a5fc7-9e8e-46a3-a620-e7b209c1edd2">Melania Trump is the second first lady to be born outside the US. The first was Louisa Catherine Adams, the wife of President John Quincy Adams.</p><h2 id="8b5da627-c413-4b6c-b9e0-5ab233e59561">When Melania Trump met Donald Trump</h2><p><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-melania-trump-relationship-timeline-2018-11">Melania and Donald Trump</a> met in 1998 when she was 28 years old at a party thrown by their mutual friend, Paolo Zampolli. At the time, Donald Trump was separated from his second wife, Marla Maples. Their divorce was finalized in 1999.</p><p>The couple briefly broke up in 2000 but reconciled a few months later. Donald Trump proposed in 2004 with a 15-carat, $1.5 million engagement ring.</p><h2 id="54bf411f-9848-4517-880a-e66f0f7a9622">Melania Trump's marriage to Donald Trump</h2><p id="54bf411f-9848-4517-880a-e66f0f7a9622"><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-family-weddings-photos-details-2022-11">Melania Trump and Donald Trump's wedding</a> took place on January 22, 2005.</p><p id="54bf411f-9848-4517-880a-e66f0f7a9622">The ceremony was held at the Bethesda-by-the-Sea Episcopal Church in Palm Beach, Florida, and Donald Trump's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-trump-mar-a-lago-club-photos-2018-1">Mar-a-Lago club</a> hosted the reception. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/first-ladies-wedding-dress-photos-2020-9">Melania Trump's wedding dress</a> was designed by Christian Dior and embellished with 1,500 crystals and pearls.</p><p id="54bf411f-9848-4517-880a-e66f0f7a9622">They welcomed a son, Barron Trump, in 2006.</p><div type="image" title="Donald Trump and Melania Trump at Mar-a-Lago." height="715" width="1024" msid="113883417" hostid="261" sizebytes="74640"></div><p id="54bf411f-9848-4517-880a-e66f0f7a9622">Adult film star <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-stormy-daniels-porn-star-affair-donald-trump-2018-1">Stormy Daniels</a> said that she had an affair with Donald Trump after Melania Trump gave birth in 2006. In the first-ever criminal trial of a former US president, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-hush-money-trial-verdict-2024-5">Donald Trump was found guilty</a> on all 34 counts of falsifying business records to cover up a $130,000 hush-money payment made to Daniels 11 days before the 2016 election. Donald Trump has denied ever having an affair with Daniels.</p><p id="54bf411f-9848-4517-880a-e66f0f7a9622">After The Wall Street Journal broke the news of the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-role-stormy-daniels-mcdougal-payments-michael-cohen-2018-11">alleged affair</a> in 2018, Melania Trump retreated from public appearances. She canceled a trip to Davos, Switzerland, that she was scheduled to make with Donald Trump and flew to Mar-a-Lago instead. She also did not acknowledge their wedding anniversary or <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trumps-stormy-daniels-valentines-day-silence-2018-2">Valentine's Day</a> on social media as she had in past years. Upon returning to the White House, the Trumps broke protocol by arriving separately to board <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-donald-trump-break-tradition-following-affair-allegations-2018-2">Marine One</a>.</p><p id="54bf411f-9848-4517-880a-e66f0f7a9622"><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-humiliated-trump-affairs-former-aide-stormy-daniels-2023-4">Stephanie Winston Wolkoff</a>, who was friends with Melania Trump for 15 years, told Page Six that silence is the former first lady's "weapon of choice and her protective armor."</p><h2 id="28292c1c-d166-46fc-b23d-e6d2a08032ad">Melania Trump's time as first lady</h2><p>Melania Trump largely remained away from the campaign trail during Donald Trump's 2016 presidential run, but caused controversy when she appeared to copy parts of her speech at the Republican National Convention from <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-takes-center-stage-night-one-gop-convention-2016-7">Michelle Obama's 2008 Democratic National Convention speech</a>.</p><p>She continued to keep a low profile when Donald Trump was elected to the White House, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-barron-trump-white-house-2016-11">staying behind in New York City</a> with their son, Barron, so that he could finish the school year.</p><p>As first lady, Melania Trump spearheaded Be Best, a campaign focused on promoting children's health and well-being, combating online bullying, and educating communities about opioid addiction. She also visited Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, and Egypt on a solo trip focused on children's health in 2018.</p><div type="image" title="Melania Trump speaks in the White House Rose Garden with a &quot;Be Best&quot; banner in the background." height="1382" width="2000" msid="113883422" hostid="261" sizebytes="55656"></div><p>She often appeared in sunglasses that obscured much of her face, sparking an unsubstantiated <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-secret-service-agent-body-double-conspiracy-2017-10">conspiracy theory</a> that she had a body double who would stand in for her at events. Melania Trump's then-spokesperson, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-stephanie-grisham-book-falling-out-2021-10">Stephanie Grisham</a>, debunked the theory, and Donald Trump slammed reports about the rumors, saying that "fake news" was "only getting more deranged with time!"</p><p>Melania Trump occasionally wore outfits that proved controversial. In 2017, she wore a $51,500 Dolce &amp; Gabbana jacket at the G7 Summit in Italy that garnered criticism for its steep price tag. She was also criticized for wearing Manolo Blahnik pumps to board Marine One on her way to visit sites impacted by Hurricane Harvey.</p><div type="image" title="Melania Trump gets into an SUV wearing a green jacket with white writing on the back that reads, &quot;I really don't care, do U?&quot;" height="1000" width="1500" msid="113883419" hostid="261" sizebytes="113964"></div><p>In 2018, Melania Trump attracted more controversy when she flew to Texas to visit children at a government immigration facility while wearing a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/first-ladies-fashion-controversial-outfits-2021-10">Zara jacket that read "I really don't care, do U?"</a></p><p>Grisham told Business Insider at the time, "It's a jacket. There was no hidden message."</p><p>Months later, Melania Trump told ABC News that the message was directed at "the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-says-she-may-be-the-most-bullied-person-in-the-world-2018-10">left-wing media</a> who are criticizing me," which she said may make her the "most bullied person in the world."</p><h2 id="c413b8db-6005-4bb6-af07-8302254e25e9">Melania Trump's post-White House life</h2><p>Donald Trump and Melania Trump skipped President Joe Biden's inauguration in 2021 and moved back to Mar-a-Lago. The Palm Beach club remained her primary residence, though she made occasional visits to Trump Tower in New York City.</p><p>She attended <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-running-for-president-2024-campaign-announcement-2022-11">Donald Trump's presidential campaign launch</a> event in 2022, but did not join her husband at most campaign stops and rallies.</p><div type="image" title="Melania Trump enters Trump Tower wearing a black top and brown skirt, carrying a Chanel bag." height="1459" width="1945" msid="113883423" hostid="261" sizebytes="97100"></div><p>Donald Trump addressed <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-refused-to-campaign-but-will-soon-according-to-trump-2023-9">Melania Trump's absence</a> on "Meet the Press" in 2023, telling moderator Kristen Welker, "She's a private person, a great person, a very confident person, and she loves our country very much."</p><p>"And honestly, I like to keep her away from it," he said of the campaign trail. "It's so nasty and so mean."</p><p>In 2023, she attended <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-trump-attends-rosalynn-carter-funeral-former-first-ladies-2023-11">Rosalynn Carter's funeral</a> along with former first ladies Hillary Clinton, Laura Bush, and Michelle Obama.</p><p>In a rare joint appearance, she accompanied Donald Trump to vote in Florida's 2024 primary election.</p><div type="image" title="Donald Trump and Melania Trump" height="1667" width="2500" msid="113883425" hostid="261" sizebytes="238076"></div><p>Melania Trump attended the final night of the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/republican-national-convention-rnc-biggest-moments-speeches-photos-2024-7">2024 Republican National Convention</a> and joined Donald Trump onstage after his address, but did not give a speech herself.</p><p>She did not appear in the courtroom during <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jill-biden-and-melania-trump-have-different-trial-attendance-strategies-2024-6">Donald Trump's hush-money trial</a>.</p><p><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melania-conspiracy-trump-assassination-attempt-book-promotion-video-2024-9">Melania Trump's memoir</a>, titled "Melania," is due to be released on October 8, 2024.</p><p>"As a private person who has often been the subject of public scrutiny and misrepresentation, I feel a responsibility to clarify the facts," she said in a post on X.</p><h2 id="53f3967d-b8b6-4432-905c-328d5ef25bb3">Donald Trump and Melania Trump's net worth</h2><p>Melania Trump's individual net worth is unclear, but Donald Trump was worth an estimated $3.9 billion as of October 2024, according to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/donald-trump/">Forbes</a>.</p>

What to know about Melania Trump's life, career, and marriage to Donald Trump

An international team of researchers has found new evidence for the possible existence of liquid water beneath the south polar ice cap of <keyword id="47638" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword>.<br /><br />The results, published in the journal Nature Astronomy, provide the first independent line of evidence, using data other than radar, that there is liquid water beneath Mars' south pole.<br /><br />The researchers, led by the University of Cambridge with involvement from the University of Sheffield, used spacecraft laser-altimeter measurements of the shape of the upper surface of the ice cap to identify subtle patterns in its height.<br /><br />They then showed that these patterns match computer model predictions for how a body of water beneath the ice cap would affect the surface.<br /><br />Their results are in agreement with earlier ice-penetrating radar measurements that were originally interpreted to show a potential area of liquid water beneath the ice.<br /><br />There has been debate over the liquid water interpretation from the radar data alone, with some studies suggesting the radar signal is not due to liquid water.<br /><br />"This study gives the best indication yet that there is liquid water on Mars today because it means that two of the key pieces of evidence we would look for when searching for sub-glacial lakes on Earth have now been found on Mars," said Frances Butcher, second author of the study from the University of Sheffield.<br /><br />"Liquid water is an essential ingredient for life, although it does not necessarily mean that life exists on Mars," Butcher said.<br /><br />In order to be liquid at such cold temperatures, the resaerchers noted that the water beneath the south pole might need to be really salty, which would make it difficult for any microbial life to inhabit it.<br /><br />However, it does give hope that there were more habitable environments in the past when the climate was less unforgiving, they said.<br /><br />Like Earth, Mars has thick water ice caps at both poles, roughly equivalent in combined volume to the Greenland Ice Sheet.<br /><br />However, unlike Earth's ice sheets which are underlain by water-filled channels and even large subglacial lakes, the polar ice caps on Mars have until recently been thought to be frozen solid all the way to their beds due to the cold Martian climate.<br /><br />In 2018, evidence from the European Space Agency's Mars Express satellite challenged this assumption.<br /><br />The satellite has an ice-penetrating radar called MARSIS, which can see through Mars' southern ice cap. It revealed an area at the base of the ice that strongly reflected the radar signal, which was interpreted as an area of liquid water beneath the ice cap.<br /><br />However, subsequent studies suggested that other types of dry materials, which exist elsewhere on Mars, could produce similar patterns of reflectance if they exist beneath the ice cap.<br /><br />Given the cold climate conditions, liquid water beneath the ice cap would require an additional heat source, such as geothermal heat from within the planet, at levels above those expected for present-day Mars.<br /><br />"The combination of the new topographic evidence, our computer model results, and the radar data make it much more likely that at least one area of subglacial liquid water exists on Mars today, and that Mars must still be geothermally active in order to keep the water beneath the ice cap liquid," said Professor Neil Arnold from Cambridge's Scott Polar Research Institute, who led the research.<br /><br />On Earth, subglacial lakes affect the shape of the overlying ice sheet - its surface topography. The water in subglacial lakes lowers friction between the ice sheet and its bed, affecting the velocity of ice flow under gravity.<br /><br />This in turn affects the shape of the ice sheet surface above the lake, often creating a depression in the ice surface followed by a raised area further down-flow.<br /><br />The team, including researchers from the University of Nantes, University College, Dublin, and the Open University, used a range of techniques to examine data from NASA's Mars Global Surveyor satellite of the surface topography of the part of Mars’ south polar ice cap where the radar signal was identified.<br /><br />Their analysis revealed a 10-15 kilometre-long surface undulation comprising a depression and a corresponding raised area, both of which deviate from the surrounding ice surface by several metres.<br /><br />This is similar in scale to undulations over subglacial lakes here on Earth. The team then tested whether the observed undulation on the surface of the ice could be explained by liquid water at the bed.<br /><br />They ran computer model simulations of ice flow, adapted to specific conditions on Mars. They then inserted a patch of reduced bed friction in the simulated ice sheet bed where water, if present, would allow the ice to slide and speed up.<br /><br />The researchers also varied the amount of geothermal heat coming from inside the planet. These experiments generated undulations on the simulated ice surface that were similar in size and shape to those the team observed on the real ice cap surface.<br /><br />The similarity between the model-produced topographic undulation and the actual spacecraft observations, together with the earlier ice-penetrating radar evidence suggest that there is an accumulation of liquid water beneath Mars’ south polar ice cap, the researchers said.<br /><br />This magmatic activity occurred relatively recently in the subsurface of Mars to enable the enhanced geothermal heating needed to keep the water in a liquid state, they added. <br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO: </strong><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/credit-suisse-is-in-trouble-but-this-is-not-2008-investors-remain-wary-of-the-all-is-well-soundbites/articleshow/94641570.cms">Credit Suisse is in trouble, but this is not 2008 – investors remain wary of the ‘all is well’ soundbites</a><br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/reliance-jio-and-airtel-5g-prices-may-be-affordable-for-now-but-expected-to-increase-after-wider-rollout/articleshow/94636173.cms">Reliance Jio and Airtel 5G prices may be affordable for now but expected to increase after wider rollout</a><br />

Scientists find new evidence for liquid water on Mars

Billionaire <keyword id="6355315" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="elon-musk" source="Orion">Elon Musk</keyword> on Monday said his space venture <keyword id="6360701" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="spacex" source="Orion">SpaceX</keyword> aims to build over 1,000 Starships to transport life to Mars.<br /><br />The Tesla CEO stated that making life multiplanetary will help backup the ecosystems on Earth. He added that apart from humans no other species can transport life to Mars.<br /><br />Referring to Biblical patriarch Noah who built an Ark that survived the great flood on Earth, <keyword id="364027" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="musk" source="Orion">Musk</keyword> said his Starship models will be "modern Noah's Arks", that can save "life from a calamity on Earth".<br /><br />"Making life multiplanetary expands the scope &amp; scale of consciousness. It also enables us to backup the biosphere, protecting all life as we know it from a calamity on Earth," he tweeted.<br /><br />"Humanity is life's steward, as no other species can transport life to Mars. We can't let them down," he added.<br /><br />When a user asked Musk "what's the plan", he replied: "Build 1000+ Starships to transport life to Mars. Basically, (very) modern Noah's Arks."<br /><br />SpaceX is developing Starship to take people and cargo to the moon, Mars and beyond. The vehicle consists of two elements: a first-stage booster called Super Heavy and an upper-stage spacecraft known as Starship.<br /><br />Starship and Super Heavy are both designed to be completely and rapidly reusable, and both will be powered by SpaceX's new Raptor engine -- 33 for Super Heavy and six for Starship.<br /><br />Musk earlier said that Mars settlement and deep space exploration will see reduced costs due to its reusability.<br /><br />NASA also sees considerable promise in Starship. The US space agency selected the vehicle to be the first crewed lunar lander for its Artemis programme, which aims to put astronauts on the moon in the next few years.<br /><br />However, the Starship programme has not yet been given a green signal by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).<br /><br />The FAA, last week, delayed the completion of its environmental review of the Starship by another two weeks to June 13.<br /><br />While SpaceX has conducted a number of high-altitude test flights of Starship prototypes at Starbase site in South Texas, its plan to launch the system's first-ever orbital test mission needs approval from the FAA and a host of other regulatory bodies.<br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><br /> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/news/read-the-email-elon-musk-sent-to-tesla-employees-about-returning-to-the-office-before-saying-headcount-will-increase-/articleshow/92022448.cms">Read the email Elon Musk sent to Tesla employees about returning to the office before saying headcount will increase</a><br /><br /> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/bill-gates-says-hes-given-more-to-climate-change-than-elon-musk-who-replies-sigh/articleshow/92018618.cms">Bill Gates says he's given more to climate change than Elon Musk, who replies: 'Sigh'</a><br /><br /> </strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/tesla-falls-as-elon-musk-says-he-wants-to-cut-10-of-staff-at-the-ev-maker-because-hes-got-a-super-bad-feeling-about-the-economy/articleshow/91989973.cms"><strong>Tesla falls as Elon Musk says he wants to cut 10% of staff at the EV maker because he's got a 'super bad feeling' about the economy</strong></a>

Elon Musk to now build a Noah-like Ark to transport life to Mars

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA launched Europa Clipper to see if <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/oxygen-europa-life-surface-ocean-subsurface-earth-juno-mission-jupiter-2024-3">Jupiter's moon Europa</a> could host alien life.</li><li>Scientists think Europa contains a vast saltwater ocean deep beneath its surface.</li></ul><p><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-nasa-could-tell-us-aliens-are-real-2023-2">NASA is serious about searching for alien life</a>, even within our own solar system.</p><p>On Monday, aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket, the agency launched a spacecraft toward Europa, a moon of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jupiter-images-webb-sees-rings-moons-hubble-cant-2022-8">Jupiter</a>.</p><p>Scientists believe Europa contains a vast saltwater ocean deep beneath its icy crust, with twice as much water as Earth. It's perhaps the most promising place in our solar system for active <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asks-help-retrieving-perseverance-mars-samples-alien-life-2024-4">extraterrestrial life</a>.</p><div type="image" title="Europa" height="1700" width="2300" msid="114225773" hostid="261" sizebytes="181080"></div><p>The NASA mission, called Europa Clipper, aims to figure out whether <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-lava-from-moon-volcanoes-creates-jupiters-powerful-aurora-lights-2022-2">the Jupiter moon</a> and its ocean could support life. It's the largest interplanetary spacecraft NASA has ever built. The probe is about 16 feet tall and, when its vast wings of solar arrays are deployed, 100 feet wide. It weighs three-and-a-half tons.</p><p>Clipper is undertaking the first targeted exploration of an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-underwater-rover-hunt-alien-life-on-ocean-worlds-2019-11">ocean world</a> beyond our planet.</p><p>Even if there is no life on Europa, this mission is crucial in the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-no-contact-with-aliens-2019-9">search for alien life</a>, since ocean worlds across the galaxy are prime candidates for life.</p><p>Missions like Europa Clipper are "modern cathedrals" and "generational quests," said Laurie Leshin, the director of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-mars-helicopter-pilot-what-job-is-like-advice-2023-1">NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory</a>, which built the spacecraft.</p><div type="image" title="giant spacecraft folded up between red Airbus panels with a large round foil-covered piece on the front with technicians in blue clean suits standing nearby in a giant white clearnroom" height="1280" width="1920" msid="114225774" hostid="261" sizebytes="132976"></div><p>"We scientists have been dreaming about a mission like Europa Clipper for more than 20 years. We've been working to build it for 10 years," she added in a briefing about the mission in September. "It's going to be another 10 years, because <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-animation-planetary-scientist-huge-solar-system-2019-11">Jupiter's so far away</a>, until we have all the science in the bag."</p><p>The spacecraft must travel 1.8 billion miles to get to Jupiter, getting a boost from Mars's gravity along the way. It's scheduled to arrive in April 2030.</p><h2 id="ccd765aa-2885-424c-ab06-309d5a9fdb77">A 7-body problem and unfathomable radiation</h2><p>Life exists without sunlight at the bottom of the ocean here on Earth. All it needs is an energy source, like hydrothermal vents which release heat from deep within the planet, and organic molecules containing essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen.</p><p>Europa Clipper is carrying nine scientific instruments to look for the fingerprints of those molecules, measure the salinity and depth of the underground ocean, and take photos of Europa down to one meter of resolution, among other things.</p><div type="image" title="illustration of a spacecraft with long wings of solar panels above a white moon covered in crisis crossed brown lines with jupiter in the distant background in space" height="1121" width="1995" msid="114225771" hostid="261" sizebytes="107104"></div><p>"Clipper is not actually going to look for life itself, but it's going to characterize the habitability of Europa," Gina DiBraccio, the acting director of NASA's Planetary Science Division, said in the briefing.</p><p>The mission is designed to orbit Jupiter and fly past Europa 49 times, each time soaring over a different area to eventually cover almost the entire moon, pole to pole. The spacecraft will skim as close as 16 miles above Europa's surface.</p><p>The mission plan is a marvel of engineering. Rather than a three-body problem, falling into orbit around Jupiter is a "seven-body problem" because of the planet's large moons, Jordan Evans, the mission's project manager, said in the briefing.</p><p>During each flyby, Clipper will bathe in radiation from Jupiter that's equivalent to "a few million chest X-rays," Evans added.</p><p>It might even find out if Europa's ice really <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-jupiter-oceanic-moon-europa-radioactive-glow-2020-11">glows in the dark from that radiation</a>, as NASA research has previously indicated.</p>

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