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The 5 states with the longest life expectancies, and the 5 with the shortest

<keyword id="6361617" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">Climate change</keyword> may take six months off the average human lifespan, according to a study which found that women and individuals in developing nations are disproportionately affected. The study, published recently in the journal PLOS Climate, evaluated average temperature, rainfall, and <keyword id="14078" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="life-expectancy" source="Orion">life expectancy</keyword> data from 191 countries from 1940-2020. In addition to measuring the isolated impacts of temperature and rainfall, the researchers designed a first-of-its-kind composite climate change index, which combines the two variables to gauge the overarching severity of climate change. Results indicate that in isolation, a <keyword id="1109109" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-temperature" source="Orion">global temperature</keyword> increase of 1 degree Celsius is associated with an average human life expectancy decrease of approximately 0.44 years, or about six months and one week. A 10-point increase in the composite climate change index-which accounts for both temperature and rainfall-is expected to decrease the average life expectancy by six months, the researchers said. Women and individuals in developing nations are disproportionately affected, they said. "The global threat posed by climate change to the well-being of billions underscores the urgent need to address it as a public health crisis, as revealed by this study," said Amit Roy from Shahjalal University of Science and Technology in Bangladesh and The New School for Social Research, U.S. The study emphasises that "mitigation efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and proactive initiatives are essential to safeguard life expectancy and protect the health of populations worldwide," Roy added. Temperature and rainfall-two telltale signals of climate change-cause myriad public health concerns, from the acute and direct (e.g., natural disasters like flooding and heat waves) to the indirect yet equally devastating (e.g., respiratory and mental illnesses), the researchers said. While impacts like these are observable and well documented, existing research has not established a direct link between climate change and life expectancy, they said. The team is hopeful that the composite climate change index will standardise the global conversation about climate change, become a usable metric for the nonscientific public and encourage collaboration and even friendly competition among countries to combat the impacts of climate change. Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to a changing environment are of particular importance, the researchers said. To complement this large-scale approach, they suggest localised future studies that consider specific severe weather events (e.g., wildfires, tsunamis, and floods), the impacts of which cannot be fully captured through analysing temperature and rainfall alone.

Climate change may reduce average life expectancy by half a year: Study

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/florida-residents-moving-leaving-climate-change-refugees-hurricanes-flood-2023-2">climate crisis</a> is an often-hidden financial risk when buying a house.</li><li>A few online tools can help you assess that risk and possible costs by address.</li></ul>If you're <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/florida-man-refused-leave-hurricane-proof-home-basically-unharmed-milton-2024-10">shopping for a house</a>, you're probably thinking ahead and planning for your future.Here's the thing, though: By the end of a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/mortgages/will-mortgage-rates-go-down-this-year">30-year mortgage</a>, you'll be living on a pretty different planet.Even if companies and governments across the world make some drastic changes — and that's a big "if" — humanity's carbon emissions have already locked in some additional warming for decades to come. That means more intense and sometimes more frequent floods, wildfires, hurricanes, winter storms, and other forms of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/housing-market-outlook-analysis-prices-rising-extreme-weather-risk-jpmorgan-2024-2">extreme weather</a>.You and your house could suffer everything from headaches and declining <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/housing-market-higher-home-prices-climate-change-air-quality-impact-2024-2">property value</a> to giant bills and life-threatening events.That's why it's important to take stock of the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/real-estate-housing-market-prediction-sun-belt-climate-change-zelman-2024-7">climate risks your home faces</a> in the coming decades.It's impossible to know exactly what will happen, but a few <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tool-determines-home-climate-risk-heat-wind-bad-air-2024-3">online tools</a> can give you an idea of the risks — as well as the costs you could incur and what you can do about it — depending on which house you buy.<h2 id="f72716a3-6428-4f34-94f8-2f3ebf4d7693">Learn about the possible damages</h2>The <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/zillow-gone-wild-weird-unique-houses-homes-hot-homebuying-selling-2024-7">most popular real-estate website</a> in the US, Zillow, has a new feature to peer into the potential climate future of each listing. The new "climate risks" tool shows <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/map-shows-united-states-extreme-heat-belt-study-2022-8">how many days of extreme heat</a> and unhealthy air quality a property is expected to see over the next 30 years, assuming humanity is on track to stabilize climate change by 2100. The tool also shows the likelihood of more destructive events: floods, wildfires, and windstorms.<div type="image" title="group of people watch wildfire burning home in the hills with palm trees" height="1771" width="2500" msid="114374425" hostid="261" sizebytes="281278"></div>These assessments come from First Street, a former nonprofit that became a for-profit company this year, which uses computer models to quantify certain weather and climate risks for individual properties. First Street says it incorporates a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/maui-wildfires-lahaina-wooden-house-spared-among-rubble-2023-8">building's specific structural characteristics</a>, as well as local infrastructure like roads and utilities."If you don't take stock of the climate risk specifically, you could be in over your head," Jeremy Porter, the head of climate implications research at First Street, told Business Insider.For example, if the cost of flood or wildfire insurance spikes as it already has in places like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/homeowners-california-florida-insurance-issues-natural-disasters-wildfires-hurricanes-2023-10">Florida and California</a>, "all of a sudden your household budget doesn't make any sense for the property that you ended up buying," he said.The new Zillow tool also makes recommendations about insurance based on First Street's analysis.To dive even deeper, you can go to First Street's website and get a free trial of its paid service, which shows ballpark estimates of how much a flood or fire could cost you, expected cooling costs, and projections of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/florida-insurance-hurricanes-extreme-weather-relocate-to-ocala-2023-10">insurance prices</a>. You can also toggle certain renovations to see how they impact those costs.<h2 id="0eef8ad3-480e-4072-aadf-cb64222742c5">Remember those estimates aren't a crystal ball</h2>Climate-science experts outside the company have some reservations about First Street's flood and wildfire estimates, though.Michael Wara, a senior research scholar at the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, told <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://heatmap.news/guides/zillow-climate-risk-flooding-fire">Heatmap News</a> to take First Street's calculations with "a lot of grains of salt."Heatmap reported that First Street probably underestimates <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-wildfire-burns-multimillion-dollar-homes-in-california-orange-county-2022-5">wildfire risk</a> in wildfire-prone areas and that flood risk is very difficult to accurately model. You can try to cross-check flood risk with other sources like seeing if the town or city has flood maps available."Everything that we're offering are probabilistic risk estimates," Porter said."I think that just in general, the models give you a pretty good indication of which properties are riskier than other properties," he added.<h2 id="ea2c710b-3a7a-45fe-b58f-971596d4b019">Then check local building codes…</h2>Once you know the climate risks, you can assess <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-why-some-homes-survive-hurricanes-lessons-homeowners-2024-10">how well a property is built</a> to withstand them.<div type="image" title="slumping one-story grey and wood panel house with panels ripped away next to a standing yellow house" height="1500" width="2249" msid="114374424" hostid="261" sizebytes="407800"></div>A good indicator of that is the local building code and whether the house is built to its standards. The Federal Alliance for Safe Homes has a tool for checking that at <a target="_blank" href="http://inspecttoprotect.org">inspecttoprotect.org</a>.Not only does FLASH rate the local building code, but the tool also shows information about the area's past <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-how-profit-natural-disasters-hurricanes-wildfires-storms-investors-2023-8">natural disasters</a> and suggests upgrades.<h2 id="03112be6-cab7-49c5-9eed-55cc34037179">... and consider renovations</h2>In the FLASH tool, you can select the year a house was built to see what <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tiny-home-renovation-old-abandoned-cottage-scotland-before-after-photos-2022-7">renovations</a> would strengthen it against different natural disasters. Each upgrade has a cost and impact rating.Taking matters into your own hands could make a big difference because, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.fema.gov/emergency-managers/risk-management/building-science/bcat#:~:text=FEMA%20tracks%20the%20building%20code,simply%20by%20its%20acronym%2C%20BCAT.">according</a> to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, only about one-third of US jurisdictions have adopted up-to-date codes to match their natural hazards.Even then, building codes are often designed to protect the lives of people inside the house, but not necessarily to prevent <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/florida-homeowner-milton-tearing-through-neighborhood-cant-sleep-2024-10">expensive property damage</a>."You got to at least have a good building code, but that's a starting point. It's not your gold standard, it's your minimum," Leslie Chapman-Henderson, FLASH's president and CEO, told BI.In some cases, renovations and upgrades can even help lower your insurance costs.

Before buying a home, check this hidden financial risk

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Stephen Knox Jones Jr. never felt he could take a break while pursuing a science career in the US.</li><li>He felt guilty taking a vacation and his work-life balance wasn't ideal.</li></ul>This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with Stephen Knox Jones Jr., a 37-year-old scientist who lives in Vilnius, Lithuania. It's been edited for length and clarity.Growing up in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/raising-kids-small-town-new-hampshire-benefits-2024-7">New Hampshire</a>, I never questioned the strenuous 16 years it would take me to pursue my passion for biotechnology.I earned my PhD in Rhode Island and completed my postdoctoral research in Texas. Between those different career stages, I never took a vacation because I felt guilty about taking time off.I would always be at the next position within a week of leaving the previous role because that was the expectation.No matter how good you're doing, there's always this push to do more and be more. That's not to say that this pressure is everywhere in the US, but that's been my personal experience.After Texas, I moved to Europe, and have significantly less stress.I'm a full-time <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/baby-boomer-entrepreneur-not-retired-work-flexibility-mentally-engaged-2024-8">biotech research</a> group leader and principal investigator living and working in Lithuania. Here, people recognize the value of having time away from work for well-being — and now I don't feel guilty anymore when I take time off.People often ask me, "When are you <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-and-uk-life-biggest-differences-after-moving-home-space-2024-7">moving back to the US</a>?"I just don't even consider that right now. I've had great experiences in the US, but I feel like this fits my lifestyle better.<div type="image" title="stephen knox jones smiles at the camera next to his gray and white dog" height="1152" width="1536" msid="112426048" hostid="261" sizebytes="232062"></div>I get to take my dog to work and I have a guitar in my office that I play nearly every morning. Spending some time writing and playing music helps me get into a creative space for my research. I appreciate being able to do that here.I could probably do these things in the US too, but I think the difference is that here, it's understood as part of maintaining my well-being, rather than just being the weird guy.<h2 id="1e475c72-f1f2-4991-854c-dec3f9170c40">Stephen decided to move to Europe during the 2020 US election</h2>When the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/americans-who-left-us-because-of-trump-talk-biden-presidency-2020-12">2020 US election</a> came around, it made my wife and I think hard about our personal values around how society is set up, how people are valued, and the support structures in place.That's when we started looking at Europe.We realized that our values aligned better with Europe than the US regarding <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-moved-to-europe-with-family-life-better-2024-6">society-wide healthcare</a>, food quality, policies aimed at well-being and not necessarily profits, public transportation, and prioritization of privacy and limits on data sharing.<div type="image" title="stephen knox jones smiling and standing with arms crossed in a blue patterned button up in a professional setting" height="4948" width="7422" msid="112426052" hostid="261" sizebytes="1145702"></div>We settled on <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/i-moved-to-lithuania-from-us-life-more-stable-balanced-2024-8">Lithuania</a> because the institute I work at partners with a very large research organization called the European Molecular Biology Laboratories, which was a name I already knew well because of its reputation for scientific excellence plus decades of productivity in my research field, gene editing.<h2 id="e3cb1e77-506b-4210-92f8-38fdd9c8028c">Stephen thinks the quality of his research is better than it would be in the US</h2><div type="image" title="stephen knox jones wearing a bandanna and blue t-shirt sits in woods next to his dog and plays guitar" height="1536" width="2048" msid="112426054" hostid="261" sizebytes="578056"></div>When I was looking at full-time jobs in academia in the US, they came with very heavy teaching loads in addition to focusing on scientific research and publishing regularly. Don't get me wrong, teaching is important, but it's hard to be great at everything.One thing that's nice about academic jobs here is that, while many people choose to do both teaching and research, there's the option to focus on just one.Like me, for example, I'm more focused on research. That's why I think the quality of my research is better in Lithuania than it might be in the US.Because I'm <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-deal-with-stress-burnout-work-mental-health-professional-2023-11">less stressed</a>, I have some breathing room to make sure my research is going in the right direction and that my researchers have what they need, which helps us take our science to the next level.<div type="image" title="stephen knox jones in a blue short sleeve button up on a staircase in a professional setting" height="3235" width="4313" msid="112426051" hostid="261" sizebytes="285532"></div>That's important to me because, at the end of the day, my research is funded by people's tax dollars, and there is an implicit trust there that we're going to do our best with the resources that have been given to us to improve the human condition.Sometimes getting certain products can be a bit more challenging here. The bureaucracy around buying scientific equipment produced in other parts of the world can make companies second guess if it's worth the hassle.I also have a hard time finding corn masa flour to make tortillas at home and certain vegetarian products like seitan.I may not be here forever but at this stage of my life, it's really good. Jessica Orwig is reporting on career pursuits in the sciences. Are you currently, or were you at one time, on this path? Did you move or change careers because of personal values or something else? If so, I'd like to speak with you. Please email me at jorwig@businessinsider.com.

I'm a scientist who moved to Lithuania from the US. I am less stressed and my work-life balance is so much better that I don't consider moving back any time soon. 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Hurricane Milton is probably not the last hurricane we'll see this season, experts told BI.</li><li>NOAA predicted up to 13 hurricanes before the season's end. We've had nine so far.</li></ul>After an unseasonably quiet August, the Atlantic hurricane season is ramping up. Hurricane Milton, now a Category 4, is forecast to land over Florida Wednesday night as the state is still cleaning up the damage <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-helene-milton-tampa-florida-desantis-clean-disaster-dangerous-2024-10">from Hurricane Helene</a>, which hit less than two weeks prior.These <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-milton-category-five-threatens-florida-fema-funding-2024-10">back-to-back storms</a> aren't the end of what we may see this year, experts told Business Insider."I wouldn't be surprised if we see a few other storms forming before the season ends," <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://x.com/knubez">Kelly Núñez Ocasio</a>, assistant professor with Texas A&amp;M University's Department of Atmospheric Sciences, said.<h2 id="c2710d4b-cbdc-4635-a9f3-a23a12954f6a">What's going on with this year's hurricane season</h2><div type="image" title="graphic of NOAA's 2024 atlantic hurricane season outlook" height="2373" width="3840" msid="114096563" hostid="261" sizebytes="328050"></div>October's sudden uptick in storms isn't a surprise to scientists. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration predicted a high chance of a more active season this year than normal in May and reiterated its prediction in August after the season kicked off to a violent start with Hurricanes Beryl, Debby, and Ernesto.Then hurricane season went quiet. There were no named storms between August 13 and September 3 — typically around when hurricane season is reaching its peak. As Hurricanes Helene and Milton suggest, it was the calm before the storm.Weather patterns — like Africa's monsoon season and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-el-nino-la-nina-weather-hurricanes-storms-2017-10">La Niña</a> — that typically fuel hurricanes during peak season, were behaving unexpectedly over the summer, which likely contributed to the unseasonable lull. Those patterns have since shifted, which could bring more storms in the coming weeks.Over the summer, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-causes-hurricanes-irma-harvey-jose-sahara-africa-easterly-atlantic-2017-9">Africa's monsoon season</a>, which feeds the Atlantic with moisture and waves for forming storms, made an unusual move and migrated north to drier conditions where storms are less likely to form, according to a September <a target="_blank" href="https://tropical.colostate.edu/Forecast/2024_0903_seasondiscussion.pdf">report</a> from Colorado State University's Department of Atmospheric Science.La Niña, the periodic cooling of ocean temperatures in the tropical Pacific, typically reduces vertical wind shear in the tropics, which <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.weather.gov/jan/el_nino_and_la_nina">can help</a> Atlantic storms form and grow. This year, La Niña was forecast to begin in August but it's only just now showing signs of ramping up."We're kind of sliding into La Niña now," Matthew Rosencrans, the lead hurricane season forecaster with the NOAA's Climate Prediction Center, told BI. The West African monsoon has also settled back toward its typical position, he added. Both are signs that hurricane season is not over and more storms could be on the horizon.<h2 id="8d706f10-6a4f-4170-a002-98ad0a58af88">More storms to come</h2><div type="image" title="picture of coastal houses surrounded by debris from other houses that were demolished around them by hurricane helene" height="1334" width="2000" msid="114096564" hostid="261" sizebytes="707320"></div>At the start of the Atlantic hurricane season in June, NOAA predicted up to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/noaa-predicts-above-normal-2024-atlantic-hurricane-season">13 hurricanes</a> by the season's end. So far, there have been nine.Conditions, especially in the Gulf of Mexico, have been ripe for storms over the last few weeks. Rosencrans expects those conditions to shift south toward the Caribbean in the coming days, as a result of La Niña ramping up.That could also shift storm formation slightly more south, according to NOAA's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/precip/CWlink/ghaz/gth_full.png">Global Tropics Hazards Outlook</a> for the rest of October.The Gulf is still in a unique place this year for storms. Every square inch of the Gulf of Mexico has abnormally warm surface temperatures, high enough to support tropical storm development, Rosencrans said.This can also help storms rapidly intensify like <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-milton-timeline-see-storm-evolution-from-space-satellite-imagery-2024-10">Hurricane Milton</a>. "Those warm waters act as fuel for the hurricanes, and the warmer the water, the faster these storms can intensify," Stephanie Zick, an associate professor for Virginia Tech's Department of Geology, told BI in an email.It's not just storms over the Gulf and Caribbean regions, though.Núñez Ocasio expects to see more storms form over the Atlantic in the coming weeks, since Africa's monsoons are still active and have shifted into a better position to spin up storms.<h2 id="63956a9a-1352-447b-9e25-abc2367f6255">Hurricane season may be shifting</h2><div type="image" title="St Petersberg Florida Hurricane" height="3774" width="6000" msid="114096566" hostid="261" sizebytes="688604"></div>This year's unusual hurricane season may be a sign of things to come.In a <a target="_blank" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2023MS004070">study</a> published in June, Núñez Ocasio and colleagues simulated how increasing levels of moisture in the atmosphere — a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-the-climate-crisis-could-feel-like-in-your-city-2024-9">consequence of climate change</a> — may affect Africa's climate and Atlantic hurricanes in the coming years.Typically, more moisture can lead to more storms, but the study found a tipping point where too much moisture can cause an abnormally wet and active African monsoon. That shifts the energy north away from the zone where it would normally spark a tropical storm — similar to what happened this year."What the study shows is that there's a delay," in hurricane formation, Núñez Ocasio said, adding that, "we may start to see a shift in the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season."Rosencrans said that there's a large window for peak hurricane season, and the peak varies each year. This year's peak appears to be a couple of weeks later than average, but he's yet to see a trend that would confirm a concrete shift."What we have to do is prepare, because in the end, what we do is to save life and property," Núñez Ocasio said of herself and the hurricane research community.

Hurricane Milton isn't the end of our destructive storm season. There's likely more to come.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Van Gogh's "The Starry Night" seems to follow a mathematical theory describing fluids in nature.</li><li>He couldn't have understood the equations, which came about decades after his death. </li></ul>When Vincent van Gogh painted "The Starry Night," one of his most <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/i-did-yoga-in-immersive-van-gogh-i-felt-high-2021-7">iconic paintings</a>, he incorporated a mix of memory, observation, and, perhaps, his intuition for mathematics and nature.According to a recent study published in the journal <a target="_blank" href="https://pubs.aip.org/aip/pof/article-abstract/36/9/095140/3312767/Hidden-turbulence-in-van-Gogh-s-The-Starry-Night">Physics of Fluids</a>, the curling swaths of color in the painting's night sky closely follow a mathematical theory that describes the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-physicists-love-vincent-van-gogh-2015-10">complex flow of swirling fluids</a>.While van Gogh may not have fully understood the underlying mathematics of what he was painting, he still managed to capture it on the canvas, the study's lead author, Yongxiang Huang, told Business Insider via email."We believe that van Gogh, as one of the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hidden-portrait-by-vincent-van-gogh-found-by-x-ray-2022-7">foremost painters of his era</a>, meticulously studied the movement of the sky on numerous occasions," Huang said. "Consequently, when he created this renowned painting, the flow pattern accurately adhered to the physical laws."<h2 id="6fd0de4c-e4b1-4c65-bac4-cee1046114f1">The physics of van Gogh's brushstrokes</h2><div type="image" title="Images of van Gogh's &quot;The Starry Night&quot; showing how the swirls reflect mathematical formulas" height="2156" width="2700" msid="113765397" hostid="261" sizebytes="544166"></div>"The issue concerning 'The Starry Night' is whether its depicted flowing sky mirrors reality," Huang said. To figure that out, Huang and his colleagues examined 14 swirls in a high-resolution <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-science-how-vincent-van-gogh-saw-the-world-2015-9">image of "The Starry Night."</a>Based on the swirls' size and the distance between them, the researchers determined that they adhered incredibly closely to Kolmogorov's turbulence theory.In 1941 — 52 years after van Gogh painted "The Starry Night" — mathematician Andrey N. Kolmogorov <a target="_blank" href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019GL085083">proposed</a> a formula to explain how the kinetic energy of a vigorously moving fluid flowed from larger eddies, or <a target="_blank" href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/eddy.html">circular</a> currents, to smaller ones. "Turbulent flows are a frequent occurrence in everyday life," Huang said. You can see turbulence in action in a flowing river, your gushing faucet, or moving clouds.While churning water <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/25-of-the-coolest-natural-phenomena-2016-6">may seem chaotic</a>, its swirls follow patterns, which mathematical equations — like Kolmogorov's — can help explain.Of course, van Gogh didn't use these equations, since they didn't exist while he was alive. But the fact that "The Starry Night" resembles turbulent activity so accurately is a testament to the painter's keen observation of nature.Even <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amsterdam-museum-stopped-giving-van-gogh-pokemon-cards-pikachu-frenzy-2023-10">his brushstrokes</a> in the masterpiece seemed to fit with a different law related to turbulence, called Batchelor scaling, which describes the way turbulence mixes fluids.The researchers found that van Gogh's tiny brushstroke eddies followed patterns they would expect to see from particles swirling together in a fluid.<h2 id="99d1162c-a499-46ea-a3f8-858da83074f4">Van Gogh captured at least one element of turbulence</h2><div type="image" title="Vincent Van Gogh" height="4917" width="4015" msid="113765405" hostid="261" sizebytes="2633036"></div><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/100-artists-hand-paint-movie-about-van-gogh-2016-3">Van Gogh painted</a> "The Starry Night" in 1889 while he was recuperating in an asylum in southern France where he voluntarily checked in after mutilating his left ear.Van Gogh sketched the views he saw from his room's window and painted in the asylum's garden and a makeshift studio. He <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/art-and-stories/vincents-life-1853-1890/hospitalization">completed</a> about 150 paintings during his yearlong stay.Not everything in "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/van-gogh-art-exhibit-paris-photos-2019-4">The Starry Night</a>" looks exactly as he would have seen it. For example, there was no <a target="_blank" href="https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79802">village</a> outside his window.Yet there's one part of the painting that van Gogh wouldn't have been able to create without turbulence: the bright object near the horizon, which is likely Venus.Its position low on the hills and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/venus-mysterious-light-flashes-arent-what-scientists-thought-study-2023-9">bright, white color</a> make Barnard astronomer Janna Levin think van Gogh saw the planet in the night sky. "There's no star, besides our sun, close enough to look like anything but a twinkle," she told The BBC's "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2464nwcbTXkcngMsR7x34g6/what-did-we-find-out-when-a-cosmologist-looked-at-van-gogh-s-the-starry-night">The Way I See It</a>" podcast in 2019."The only reason it twinkles is because of the turbulent air," she added. "The turbulent air is usually so invisible to us except for that it makes the stars twinkle."

Van Gogh's 'Starry Night' obeys a scientific law that was invented 52 years later. It reveals the painter's keen observations of nature.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In my third year in college, I suddenly started having issues whenever I ate dairy.</li><li>I stopped eating it, and have remained dairy-free for the last 15 years.</li></ul>I grew up eating grilled cheese sandwiches and Frosted Flakes with milk. There was nothing I enjoyed more than going to the ice cream shop.Suddenly, that joy was stripped away from me the summer before my <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/college-student-studying-abroad-classmates-taking-luxury-trips-2024-4">third year in college</a>. I went from eating ice cream in the dorm cafeteria daily to enduring excruciating pain almost anytime I ate anything with dairy.<h2 id="68e812fa-17c4-452f-b590-a4f5767d18a1">My intolerance for dairy happened out of the blue</h2>The first time I remember experiencing pain was when I took a medication I needed to take with food. I decided to have it with milk and cereal, which I used to love. For the first time, it made me nauseous. I wondered if it was related to the medication, which had given me <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/conditions-symptoms/stomach-ache">stomach pains</a> before. But since it was rare for me to have an upset stomach, I developed an aversion to milk and never had it or took the medicine again.Weeks later, I ate ice cream, and it also led to unbearable, pulsating pain that brought me to my knees for hours. I can now say that pain was almost as bad as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/reproductive-health/braxton-hicks">labor contractions</a>, except maybe worse, because it was nonstop. I stopped eating ice cream, too.The next semester, I made homemade mac and cheese for a classmate, and after a couple of bites, it immediately upset my stomach. The last straw was when one of my professors bought pizza for our class. I tried to eat it, but within minutes, I was running to the bathroom.I was never officially diagnosed, but I began to believe I was <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/conditions-symptoms/lactose-intolerance-symptoms">lactose intolerant</a>, as I only experienced the unbearable pain when I consumed dairy products. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/lactose-intolerance#:~:text=Lactose%20intolerance%20often%20runs%20in,after%20a%20disease%20or%20infection.">John Hopkins Medicine</a> says that symptoms, which include bloating, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and nausea, may start during the teen or adult years.Although I loved the taste, dairy was no longer worth consuming. Ridding it from my diet proved to be a tall task, especially back then, before alternatives were so common.<h2 id="8e190653-2845-4155-a9c1-ad1c0d135b6d">It's difficult to eat in social situations</h2>I've found that restaurants, especially locally-owned ones, don't always indicate on the menu when they've included cream or cheese in their meals. When I go out to eat, I have to ask a lot of questions about <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/my-food-allergies-have-eased-but-eating-is-still-complicated-2023-4">food preparation and ingredients</a>. That annoys some people, so I typically stick to eating out with my husband, close family, and friends.If I go to group gatherings, such as weddings, work functions, and parties, I will likely not be able to eat much of the food because it contains dairy. I usually have to contact the host beforehand to find out what's on the menu and let them know I'll need a dairy-free or vegan option.If that's not possible, I'll eat whatever I can, like bread or a side, and then go out to eat afterward. For work functions, I typically don't attend unless they're mandatory, as they seem to center around food I can't consume; it's one of the reasons I prefer to work in a remote environment.It's also more <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/things-i-wish-i-knew-before-going-dairy-free-2018-3">expensive to be dairy-free</a>. When I go out for coffee, I have to pay extra for soy, almond, or oat milk.<h2 id="e4fc805f-affd-4c48-a3a9-6ea68a69c070">I'm thankful there are now more dairy-free options</h2>My home is my safe place, where I don't have to constantly think about avoiding dairy. Luckily, businesses such as ice cream shops and grocery stores have become way more inclusive in recent years, and it's become easier to find non-dairy alternatives to products like milk, ice cream, and yogurts. I can enjoy Ben &amp; Jerry's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-dairy-free-ice-creams-2018-9">almond-based ice cream</a>, So Delicious's coconut milk-based vanilla yogurt, and Silk's organic soy milk without fear.Research indicates that people with lactose intolerance and those who have issues with dairy can handle <a target="_blank" href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/lactose-intolerance/eating-diet-nutrition">different amounts</a> of lactose. That has been confusing for everyone around me. Over the years, I've learned that the only things with dairy that I can handle are Cheez-Its, margarine (some varieties of margarine have dairy, and some don't), and baked goods where milk is cooked into them, such as cookies, biscuits, and pancakes.To compensate for my lack of dairy intake, I pay attention to my <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/foods-high-in-calcium">calcium intake</a> and eat foods such as broccoli, oranges, collard greens, and kale. It must be working because my calcium levels have remained normal. I also take a vitamin D supplement.I'm grateful my husband is so accommodating. The meals I prepare do not include dairy, but if my husband wants some, he'll add it to his. He typically orders dairy-based meals when we eat out on the weekends.I know there are lactase tablets I can take before consuming dairy products to help with digestion. I'm too afraid to try them, though, because they may not work.While this journey has been challenging, it has taught me to be more inclusive and mindful of others' dietary restrictions when planning gatherings. It has also helped me become more open to trying new foods. There are pros and cons to every situation. You just have to find the positive.

I've been eating dairy-free for 15 years. I didn't expect it to affect my social life.

When it comes to smartphones, there are a few brands that have established themselves in the market and <keyword id="19900518" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="OnePlus" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="OnePlus" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="OnePlus">OnePlus</keyword> is one of them. The smartphone maker has carved a niche for itself in the industry over the years and its name is often associated with reliability. Now, as per latest reports, <keyword id="24155009" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="OnePlus-13R" source="keywords">OnePlus 13R</keyword> is all set to make its debut in India soon. According to a report in GSM Arena, the company is set to release its <keyword id="24224578" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ace-5-series" source="keywords">Ace 5 series</keyword> in China, with one of the models expected to make its way to global markets under the name OnePlus 13R. The phone will launch in China next month and is expected to make its debut in India in January 2025. <h4>A glimpse at the upcoming OnePlus 13R</h4><h4></h4>The OnePlus 13R, likely to be a rebranded Ace 5, is shaping up to be a powerful addition to the smartphone market. Reports suggest it will be powered by the cutting-edge <keyword id="20182185" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Snapdragon-8-Gen-3" source="keywords">Snapdragon 8 Gen 3</keyword> chipset, paired with a stunning <keyword id="24224579" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="6-78-inch-AMOLED-display" source="keywords">6.78-inch AMOLED display</keyword> boasting 1.5K resolution. A trio of cameras on the back – including a 50MP primary sensor, an 8MP ultra-wide lens, and a 2MP macro camera – promises versatility for photography lovers. Battery life looks impressive, with the 13R rumoured to house a 6,500mAh powerhouse supporting <keyword id="24224580" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="100W-fast-charging" source="keywords">100W fast charging</keyword>. Leaked renders hint at a sleek and durable design, featuring a flat screen and premium materials. Meanwhile, the Ace 5 Pro, which will reportedly remain exclusive to China, will pack the Snapdragon 8 Elite chip – the same processor as the flagship OnePlus 13. Expected features include a telephoto camera and a slightly smaller battery than the Ace 5, but still substantial at over 6,200mAh. <h4>What else to expect?</h4><h4></h4>Rumours also point to the launch of a next-generation OnePlus Watch alongside the new smartphones. The anticipated <keyword id="24224583" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="OnePlus-Watch-3" source="keywords">OnePlus Watch 3</keyword> is expected to combine Google’s WearOS with a power-saving mode powered by a secondary operating system. Durable with an IP68 rating, it could cater to both tech lovers and fitness enthusiasts. With the global release of the OnePlus 13R expected in January 2025, fans worldwide won’t have to wait long to experience OnePlus’s latest innovations. Whether it’s the premium design, powerful specs, or new features, the December launch is likely to set the stage for an exciting year ahead in mobile technology.

OnePlus 13R expected to launch in India soon, here is everything we know

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The cost of childcare is weighing on American families.</li><li>Below are some of the policies Harris and Trump have proposed to address these worries.</li></ul>With the presidential election days away and early voting already underway in most states, America's parents are wondering how the next administration could affect the rising <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-kids-cost-raising-child-inflation-childcare-tax-exemptions-2024-1">cost of raising children</a>.In the last of Business Insider's five-part series in the final stretch before the election, we're looking at the ways each candidate and their proposed policies could influence the price of childcare. The series has already covered each how each candidate is expected to impact <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/market-impact-presidential-election-scenarios-trump-harris-stocks-bonds-crypto-2024-10">investments</a>, <a target="_blank" rel="" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cost-expensive-goods-price-impact-presidential-election-scenarios-trump-harris-2024-10">overall </a><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cost-expensive-goods-price-impact-presidential-election-scenarios-trump-harris-2024-10">costs</a>, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/housing-affordability-supply-impact-presidential-election-scenarios-homebuyers-harris-trump-2024-10">housing</a>, and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tax-cut-tariff-plan-outlook-presidential-election-scenarios-harris-trump-2024-10">taxes</a>.Former President Donald Trump and Vice President Kamala Harris have both talked about the importance of making childcare more affordable. Harris has put forth specific plans to help alleviate the high costs of raising children, while Trump's campaign has focused mainly on increasing the amount of the child tax credit.Below are three elements of the childcare equation and what the Harris and the Trump camps have either proposed or already done.<h2 id="fbba22c8-b4a8-4c15-9104-0610fb961271">Childcare-cost assistance</h2>Harris has <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VRJciXc4UcQ&amp;t=1206s">promised</a> to cap families' childcare costs at no more than 7% of their incomes, compared to the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://blog.dol.gov/2023/01/24/new-childcare-data-shows-prices-are-untenable-for-families">between 8% and 19.3%</a> spent by the median American family in 2022. The policy was first proposed in President Joe Biden's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/democrats-bench-build-back-better-face-obstacles-with-voting-rights-2022-1">2021 Build Back Better package</a> but was not passed by Congress.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/02/29/fact-sheet-vice-president-harris-announces-action-to-lower-child-care-costs-for-more-than-100000-families/">As vice president</a>, Harris said she's working to encourage states to lower childcare costs by cutting copayments for the Child Care and Development Block Grant — a federal program that provides childcare subsidies for low-income families. Harris wants to make these subsidies more accessible for families of children who have disabilities, are experiencing homelessness, or are in foster care, and families living at or below 150% of the federal poverty line.Trump has not included a specific policy to mitigate childcare costs in his 2024 campaign. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/new-plan-from-donald-trump-aims-to-address-costs-of-child-care/2016/09">While in office</a>, Trump expanded the child tax credit, but he made no other major policy changes.Neither Trump nor Harris have proposed plans to fund childcare facilities or boost <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jd-vance-childcare-plan-providers-teachers-criticize-policy-2024-9">hiring</a>, though experts told BI that skyrocketing costs are in part because the industry is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/providers-struggle-to-keep-funding-rising-childcare-costs-2023-9">underfunded.</a> The number of childcare workers is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-insights/2024/childcare-labor-market">still below</a> pre-pandemic levels."What's partially driving that conundrum is that we put so much burden right now on parents — and parents alone — to foot the bill for childcare," said Anne Hedgepeth, the senior vice president of policy and research at the advocacy organization Child Care Aware of America.Cindy Lehnhoff, the director of the advocacy group National Child Care Association, said that previous federal funding pools, such as the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-to-sign-19-trillion-american-rescue-plan-on-thursday-2021-3">2021 American Rescue Plan Act,</a> helped to fund childcare facilities at the local and federal levels. She said more plans like it in the future could expand childcare options and make it more affordable for parents.<h2 id="e8cf6a27-c056-425e-a8d8-f31d090d9888">Child tax credits</h2>Trump and Harris have both proposed expanding the child tax credit, which currently provides <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/child-tax-credit/">up to $2,000</a> per child.Harris' <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/harris-trump-proposals-boost-child-tax-credit-give-parents-money-2024-8">child tax credit</a> policy would restore the enhanced <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/child-poverty-rate-america-congress-cut-biden-expanded-tax-credit-2023-9">pandemic-era credit,</a> giving parents up to $3,600 annually per child, with the amount dependent on a child's age and family income. The plan also includes a $6,000 tax credit for middle- and low-income families for the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/child-tax-credit-new-parents-cut-taxes-harris-economic-policy-2024-8">first year of their child's life</a>, which Harris said can be used to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://kamalaharris.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Policy_Book_Economic-Opportunity.pdf">offset expenses</a> like diapers, car seats, baby formula, and childcare. She has also proposed <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-kamala-harris-opportunity-economy-2024-9">other tax cuts</a> for middle- and low-income Americans, which would benefit some parents.In August, the vice presidential candidate JD Vance floated a child tax credit proposal that would include $5,000 per child for families of all income levels. Previously, Trump's 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provided about $2,000 of relief per eligible child, though the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities said the plan <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cbpp.org/research/federal-tax/child-tax-credit-increases-in-gop-tax-plan-exclude-millions-of-children-in-low">excluded some</a> low-income families and single-parent households.The US's pandemic-era child tax credit <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/child-poverty-rate-america-congress-cut-biden-expanded-tax-credit-2023-9">expired</a> at the end of 2021 because Republicans in Congress opposed it. A renewed one — which would have boosted the amount of money families receive — was <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/child-tax-credit-boost-bipartisan-plan-lift-kids-from-poverty-2024-1">introduced to Congress</a> earlier this year, but it failed to pass the Senate.<h2 id="4d34e818-8e07-40ed-ba56-9b3d5c44fa5f">Paid leave</h2>During her <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2019/10/7/20902697/paid-family-leave-kamala-harris">run for president in 2020</a>, Harris supported a six-month paid-leave policy for Americans with a new child or a sick relative. Protecting paid leave at the federal level has been one of her key 2024 talking points, and she's expected to build on Biden's agenda, which supported <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/02/02/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-new-actions-to-support-and-advance-womens-economic-security/">12 weeks</a> of paid parental leave.While in office, Trump signed a bipartisan bill that provided federal employees with 12 weeks of paid <a target="_blank" href="https://www.npr.org/2019/12/13/787631029/paid-parental-leave-how-republicans-learned-to-love-a-democratic-priority">parental leave</a>. He hasn't emphasized the issue on the campaign trail.While parents are legally allowed to take 12 weeks of unpaid leave under the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-pregnant-workers-parental-maternity-leave-can-be-laid-off-2023-3">Family and Medical Leave Act</a>, the US does not have a federal paid-leave policy. Some states have their own paid-leave requirements, and others leave policies up to individual employers.Without federal paid-leave protections, many <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/high-childcare-costs-in-us-women-workforce-cheapest-countries-kids-2024-2">families</a> would not have access to parental leave — which could lead to higher childcare costs and lower job security.

How the cost of childcare is expected to change under Trump or Harris

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launch-risky-polaris-dawn-mission-first-commercial-spacewalk-radiation-2024-8">SpaceX launched the Polaris Dawn mission</a> Tuesday morning, sending four people on an ambitious flight.</li><li>The private mission aims to fly through radiation belts and conduct the first commercial spacewalk.</li></ul><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-polaris-dawn-mission-launch-2024-8">SpaceX just launched four people</a> on its most daring human spaceflight yet, a mission called Polaris Dawn.The crew features a billionaire, a pilot, and two SpaceX employees. After an early morning launch on Tuesday, they're floating in the company's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-says-next-spacex-flight-will-have-better-toilets-2021-9">Crew Dragon spaceship</a> in Earth's orbit.None of them are NASA-grade <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-astronaut-warns-tourists-that-spaceflight-is-uncomfortable-risky-2021-8">professional astronauts</a>, but they're scheduled to fly further from Earth than anyone has traveled in over 50 years, since the Apollo missions.They're also planning to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/polaris-dawn-spacewalk-spacex-crew-dragon-2024-9">conduct the first-ever commercial spacewalk</a>, taking the risk of opening their entire Crew Dragon spaceship to the vacuum of space.Here's who's on board this bold, historic mission.<h2 id="688a5c11-20ce-406b-89c2-4f98790acc82">Jared Isaacman, mission commander</h2><div type="image" title="jared isaacman spacex crew dragon" height="2560" width="3840" msid="113245844" hostid="261" sizebytes="991006"></div><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jared-isaacman-net-worth-career-spacex-polaris-dawn-2024-8">Jared Isaacman</a> is the billionaire bankrolling the mission and serving as its commander. This isn't the 41-year-old's first rodeo.In 2021, he funded and flew on the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-civilian-crew-zip-ties-sedatives-orbit-2021-9">first-ever all-civilian spaceflight</a>, called Inspiration4, and brought three people with him to circle Earth aboard SpaceX's Crew Dragon.That mission's name, Inspiration4, derives from Shift4, the payment-processing company that Isaacman founded at age 16 in his parents' basement after dropping out of high school. He is still the CEO.Compared to other space-faring billionaires — like the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/virgin-galactic-richard-branson-spaceflight-2021-7">flashy Richard Branson</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-jeff-bezos-interrupts-william-shatner-space-speech-spray-champagne-2021-10">champagne-spraying Jeff Bezos</a> — Isaacman's tone is much more serious.For starters, he's a relatively private person. He's repeatedly declined to say how much money he's spent on his missions with SpaceX.He also has some technical qualifications for the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/virgin-galactic-blue-origin-spacex-commercial-space-flights-tourism-cost-2023-7">commercial astronaut</a> gig: He's an accomplished pilot, reporting over 7,000 flight hours. Isaacman's business repertoire also includes Draken International, a private aircraft provider and pilot-training company that he founded in 2012 and sold to Blackdstone in 2019. The sale, along with taking Shift4 public, made him a billionaire.Messaging around both <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-final-members-of-the-all-civilian-inspiration4mission-revealed-2021-4">Inspiration4</a> and Polaris Dawn has been heavily focused on fundraising for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital as well as making technological advancements in human spaceflight."I just knew it was a pretty significant moment in history, and it comes with some responsibility," Isaacman told BI ahead of the Inspiration4 launch in 2021. He said the St. Jude fundraising was an effort to "take care of some of the problems that we have here on Earth, so we earn the right to go and explore among the stars."Isaacman has also approached NASA, offering to fund a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-spacex-announcement-billionaire-spaceflight-hubble-space-telescope-2022-9">Crew Dragon mission to boost the Hubble Space Telescope's orbit</a> and therefore extend its lifespan, since it's currently expected to fall from orbit in the mid-2030s. NASA has declined the offer for now.Isaacman lives in New Jersey with his wife, Monica Isaacman, and their two daughters, according to the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://nypost.com/2024/09/10/us-news/jared-isaacman-nj-high-school-dropout-turned-tech-billionaire-set-to-conduct-first-private-spacewalk/">New York Post</a>.<h2 id="826614e6-dace-47db-8f31-d7d755ada4e7">Sarah Gillis, mission specialist</h2><div type="image" title="sarah gillis smiling woman in white spacesuit and open helmet with gray and black trim" height="1667" width="2500" msid="113245841" hostid="261" sizebytes="137418"></div>As the engineer overseeing <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-spacex-first-civilians-trained-for-spaceflight-photos-2021-9">SpaceX's astronaut training program</a>, Sarah Gillis first got to know Isaacman when she was preparing him and his crewmates for the Inspiration4 flight."You spend a huge amount of your job pretending to be an astronaut and thinking through what they would care about," Gillis, aged 30, said in a briefing on August 19. "I cannot wait to actually test this in space and bring back knowledge to the engineers."Growing up in Boulder, Colorado, Gillis was on track to be a violinist like her mother until her junior year of high school, when she attended a university guest lecture by Joe Tanner, a former NASA astronaut and a mechanical engineering professor. She told <a target="_blank" href="https://www.denverpost.com/2024/07/22/spacex-colorado-astronauts-scott-poteet-sarah-gillis-polaris-dawn/">The Denver Post</a> that she stayed to talk with Tanner, who became her mentor as she pursued aerospace engineering.Gillis started with an internship at SpaceX in 2015 and quickly ascended through the ranks of the company's astronaut training program and mission control operations. She's still a skilled violinist and an avid hiker.Gillis's husband, Lewis, is also a SpaceX engineer. He helped build Dragon's propulsion system."So I know exactly what goes into the testing and the design and the rigor behind absolutely everything in the spacecraft," Gillis said, adding that she was "very, very excited to fly on my favorite Dragon spacecraft."She's serving as the mission specialist on Polaris Dawn, assigned to leave Dragon on Thursday to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-shows-cosmonaut-space-littering-during-spacewalk-nasa-says-harmless-2023-5">conduct the first commercial spacewalk</a> alongside Isaacman. This is her first time in space.<h2 id="3fe1acf4-ea8f-4279-9bc9-30d402b3c54d">Anna Menon, mission specialist and medical officer</h2><div type="image" title="Crewmember Anna Menon of Polaris Dawn smiling and wearing sunglasses" height="1500" width="2004" msid="113245851" hostid="261" sizebytes="165860"></div><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-astronaut-parenting-tips-career-vs-dad-time-2024-3">Anna Menon</a> has dreamed of going to space since she was a child."I grew up in Houston, another Space City, and I was exposed to space on a field trip and got to experience a day in the life of an astronaut and a flight controller in mission control," Menon said during the August 19 briefing. "And I fell in love with the industry." Polaris Dawn is the 38-year-old's first time in space. She's an engineer at SpaceX and is serving as a mission specialist and medical officer for Polaris Dawn. "I think working at SpaceX gives me a tremendous amount of competence going to space," Menon said. Before joining SpaceX, Menon worked at NASA and helped oversee International Space Station operations as a biomedical flight controller. She's not the only one in her family headed to space. Menon's husband, Anil, is one of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-astronauts-hiring-resume-selection-manager-2024-3">NASA's new astronauts</a>. The couple have two children, James and Grace.During her trip in space, Anna plans to get in a bit of reading. "I'm going to read a children's book I wrote, '<a target="_blank" href="https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/744559/kisses-from-space-by-anna-menon-and-keri-vasek-illustrated-by-andy-harkness/">Kisses from Space</a>,' to both my kids as well as some of the brave kids at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital," she <a target="_blank" href="https://people.com/billionaire-jared-isaacman-leads-four-civilian-astronauts-historic-polaris-dawn-mission-8709509">told People</a>. The live feed storytime is part of the mission's fundraising for the pediatric hospital, which treats childhood cancers and other diseases.<h2 id="3fce8d66-9204-4222-b02b-13d7f457607b">Scott "Kidd" Poteet, mission pilot</h2><div type="image" title="Polaris Dawn crewmember Scott Poteet against a white background" height="1500" width="2151" msid="113245842" hostid="261" sizebytes="78440"></div>Though he's flown fighter jets for the US Air Force, Scott Poteet has never been to space. The 50-year-old <a target="_blank" href="https://polarisprogram.com/team/scott-poteet/">mission</a> pilot <a target="_blank" href="https://mynews13.com/fl/orlando/space/2024/08/16/scott-kidd-poteet-talks-about-polaris-dawn">suffers</a> from motion sickness, but managed to overcome that in his combat missions and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.airforce.com/thunderbirds/overview">performing</a> aerobatic maneuvers with the US Air Force's Thunderbirds.Poteet told <a target="_blank" href="https://mynews13.com/fl/orlando/space/2024/08/16/scott-kidd-poteet-talks-about-polaris-dawn">Spectrum News</a> his route to becoming an astronaut wasn't typical, at least not by today's standards. His grades weren't the best in school, and he doesn't have a background in engineering or science. Nevertheless, Isaacman invited Poteet, who goes by "Kidd," to pilot Polaris Dawn."On a personal level, flying fighter jets in the Air Force for 20 years, combat experience, operational test experience, leading many red flag exercises, and fighter weapons school, I can tell you without a doubt this has been some of the most challenging training that I've ever experienced," Poteet said about his training for Polaris Dawn during the briefing on August 19.Poteet lives in Monument, Colorado with his wife and has <a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/p/C8QPSBUMRo8/?img_index=1">three</a> children. At least one hopes to follow in his footsteps. "My 12-year-old son absolutely plans to go to space," he recently told <a target="_blank" href="https://magazine.unh.edu/issue/winter-2023/to-the-stars/">UNH Magazine</a>. "He believes it will be commonplace in his lifetime."

Meet SpaceX's Polaris Dawn crew: The daring 4 who are in space on the most ambitious private space mission in history

<keyword id="19905255" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="SpaceX" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="SpaceX" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="SpaceX">SpaceX</keyword> will launch its first uncrewed <keyword id="23083681" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Starships" source="keywords">Starships</keyword> to <keyword id="19901192" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mars" source="keywords">Mars</keyword> in two years when the next Earth-Mars transfer window opens, Chief Executive Officer <keyword id="19903807" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Elon-Musk" source="keywords">Elon Musk</keyword> announced on Saturday. Elon Musk stated that these will be uncrewed to test the reliability of landing intact on Mars. He added that if those landings go well, then the first crewed flights to Mars will be in four years. Taking to X, Elon Musk stated, "The first Starships to Mars will launch in 2 years when the next Earth-Mars transfer window opens. These will be uncrewed to test the reliability of landing intact on Mars. "If those landings go well, then the first crewed flights to Mars will be in 4 years. Flight rate will grow exponentially from there, with the goal of building a self-sustaining city in about 20 years. Being multiplanetary will vastly increase the probable lifespan of consciousness, as we will no longer have all our eggs, literally and metabolically, on one planet," he added. In another post on X, Musk stated that SpaceX created the first fully reusable rocket stage and made the reuse economically viable. "SpaceX created the first fully reusable rocket stage and, much more importantly, made the reuse economically viable. Making life multiplanetary is fundamentally a cost per ton to Mars problem," Musk posted on X. "It currently costs about a billion dollars per ton of useful payload to the surface of Mars. That needs to be improved to USD 100k/ton to build a self-sustaining city there, so the technology needs to be 10,000 times better. Extremely difficult, but not impossible," he added. In June this year, SpaceX's Starship, the most powerful launch vehicle ever made, launched and achieved key objectives planned for its fourth test flight that showcased the vehicle's reusability, CNN reported. It was launched from a private Starbase facility in Boca Chica, Texas, on June 6 at 8:50 am ET, and the company streamed live coverage on X. The Starship launch system has the upper Starship spacecraft and a rocket booster known as the Super Heavy. According to SpaceX broadcast, of the rocket's 33 engines, 32 lit during the launch of the Starship, according to CNN report. The vehicle achieved multiple milestones during the test flight, including the survival of the Starship capsule upon reentry during peak heating in Earth's atmosphere and splashdown of both the capsule and booster. After separating from the spacecraft, the Super Heavy booster for the first time executed a landing burn and had a soft splashdown in the Gulf of Mexico after eight minutes of the launch. Meanwhile, the Starship capsule achieved orbital insertion. Around 50 minutes following the launch, the spacecraft started its controlled reentry journey, and a colourful buildup of plasma could be witnessed around the vehicle as its heat shield faced the extreme temperatures of Earth's atmosphere, CNN reported. The Starlink satellites of the company helped in the livestream that was continuously available during reentry. A flap near the camera view on Starship seemed to scorch during reentry, and particulate matter blocked some of the view of the camera, the report said. In the end, Starship was able to achieve its expected landing burn into the <keyword id="19899989" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-ocean" source="keywords">Indian Ocean</keyword>.

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