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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Last week, Trump was said to be deciding between two leading candidates for Treasury Secretary.</li><li>Reports say Trump has been having second thoughts and is expanding his search to four major prospects.</li></ul>Two weeks after securing his return to the White House, president-elect Donald Trump has swiftly been forming his Cabinet for 2025.Trump already announced six of the people he wants to lead the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-white-house-staff-cabinet-picks-list-2024-11#marco-rubio-4">15 executive departments</a>, including Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for the Department of Health and Human Services and Florida Sen. Marco Rubio for the State Department.He appears to be taking a slower pace as he chooses his nominated successor to Janet Yellen, the current Secretary of the Treasury.The new Treasury Secretary will likely have two immediate tasks: Helping the US avoid default when the national debt ceiling expires in January 2025 and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tax-cut-tariff-plan-outlook-presidential-election-scenarios-harris-trump-2024-10">extending the 2017 Trump tax cut</a>, which is worth trillions and is mostly set to expire next year.The president-elect was initially said to be considering just two candidates, but <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/trump-broadens-hunt-for-top-treasury-job-after-jostling-became-messy-e20eb6b6">The Wall Street Journal</a> and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/17/us/politics/trump-treasury-candidates.html">New York Times </a>reported that he's been having second thoughts and expanded the list to four prospects.With Trump seemingly still unsure over his choice, it's also possible that another candidate may emerge.Here are the top picks Trump is reportedly now considering for Secretary of the Treasury. A press contact for Trump's transition team did not respond to a request for comment from BI.<h2 id="ac3f4426-a376-4840-ad0c-600691195aaa">Kevin Warsh</h2><div type="image" title="Kevin Warsh is dressed formally and sits as speaks at a panel with three other people." height="2558" width="3837" msid="115408301" hostid="261" sizebytes="1354142"></div>Warsh, 54, is a former Morgan Stanley banker and one of the newer contenders.He was an economic advisor to President George W. Bush from 2002 to 2006 and a governor of the Federal Reserve Board from 2006 to 2011. During the latter period, Warsh was a central figure in shaping the nation's response to the 2007-2008 financial crisis, working to rescue major ailing banks.More recently, he's been working on Trump's transition team, helping with economic policy and personnel, according to The Journal.Warsh appears to have been in the president-elect's good graces for several years. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.axios.com/2019/02/03/trump-compliments-powerful-men-handsome">Axios reported</a> that Trump praised Warsh as a "really handsome guy" when the two met in 2017 at the White House.Trump had been <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/03/kevin-warsh-would-take-a-hammer-to-the-fed-but-he-wouldnt-break-it.html">floating Warsh</a> that year as a frontrunner for Fed chair. He eventually picked Jerome Powell for the role.Warsh is often seen as a financial hawk, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cnbc.com/video/2024/10/24/former-fed-governor-kevin-warsh-the-fed-doesnt-seem-to-have-a-serious-theory-of-inflation.html">saying in October</a> that he believed the Fed "doesn't seem to have a serious theory of inflation" and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/interest-rates-are-a-sideshow-in-the-fed-drama-economy-monetary-policy-central-bank-53bb6d9e">writing in July</a> that it moved too slowly to curb surging prices.In his July commentary, he blamed inflation on "irresponsible government spending and excessive money printing." Warsh has also been critical of America's burgeoning debt.<h2 id="73ed19fc-c4d6-4b1c-af49-0c08335e71cb">Marc Rowan</h2><div type="image" title="Marc Rowan speaks at a financial leaders' summit in Hong Kong." height="2100" width="3150" msid="115408297" hostid="261" sizebytes="210070"></div>Rowan, 62, is a billionaire investor who leads Apollo Global Management, which he cofounded in the 1990s. It now has nearly $700 billion in assets under management. Apollo recently announced that it plans to double its assets under management to $1.5 trillion by 2029.The Journal and the Times reported that Rowan, like Warsh, is one of Trump's new candidates.The Journal, citing people familiar with the matter, reported that while the billionaire's aides are in touch with Trump, Rowan isn't actively trying to secure the Treasury Secretary role and hasn't spoken to Trump personally about such a position.But the Times also wrote that Trump has been telling his staff that he's impressed with Rowan, who Bloomberg estimates to be <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/billionaires/profiles/marc-j-rowan/">worth $10.9 billion.</a> Rowan has said that US economic concerns must be fixed by what he called <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/apollo-ceo-marc-rowan-elon-musk-represents-wholesale-change-and-the-us-needs-it-155238301.html">"wholesale change,"</a> which he said Trump and his new administration would bring.That's broadly in line with how Trump has framed his Cabinet picks, as key movers who will upset the status quo and push fresh reform.Rowan has kept a relatively low profile on his views about government policy, though he recently voiced <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-02/apollo-ceo-rowan-warns-that-aggressive-rate-cuts-could-backfire">concerns</a> that the Fed could overstimulate the economy with interest rate cuts.<h2 id="e6cea6ab-a68b-4816-b297-f3f995f40039">Howard Lutnick</h2><div type="image" title="A man stands at a Trump/Vance podium" height="2769" width="4300" msid="115408282" hostid="261" sizebytes="238422"></div>Lutnick, 63, is the CEO of Cantor Fitzgerald, a Wall Street financial services firm.Lutnick has been serving as Trump's transition cochair with Linda McMahon, of WWE royalty. He's been a friend of the president-elect for decades, repeatedly holding fundraisers for Trump.In August, Lutnick hosted an <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-08-09/with-lutnick-s-help-trump-raises-15-million-at-hamptons-event">event at his home</a> in the Hamptons that raised $15 million for the Trump-Vance campaign.Lutnick has aligned himself closely with Trump's rhetoric. In late October, he expressed a vision for the US economy, describing America in the year 1900 to a crowd at Madison Square Garden, saying it was a time when the "economy was rocking.""We had no income tax, and all we had was tariffs," <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1b4UZn1GAk&amp;ab_channel=HowardW.Lutnick">he said to a cheering stadium.</a> Lutnick has also said that under Trump, corporate taxes would be raised for US giants like Apple and Tesla. He said that Elon Musk, a Trump ally, welcomed such a move if it applied to all big players. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-trump-lutnick-treasury-secretary-bessent-2024-11">Musk has endorsed Lutnick</a> for Treasury Secretary.Lutnick is also known for steering Cantor Fitzgerald after the 9/11 attack, which killed 658 of its 960 employees at the World Trade Center.<h2 id="4b1b9607-5cdd-4853-b1e5-347ec1d4ffa3">Scott Bessent</h2><div type="image" title="A man in a red vest and blue sweater goes for a walk" height="2931" width="4396" msid="115408293" hostid="261" sizebytes="791788"></div>Bessent, 62, was one of the original frontrunners for Trump's Treasury Secretary.His involvement emerged early last week when <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/bessent-paulson-lead-us-treasury-secretary-under-trump-sources-say-2024-11-08/">Reuters reported</a> that the founder of macro investment firm Key Square Capital Management had been meeting with Trump at the Mar-a-Lago resort.Bessent worked for the liberal philanthropist George Soros from 1991 to 2015, making a name for himself by betting big against the British pound, which collapsed in 1992, and then against the Japanese yen as it weakened in 2013.He left Soros' firm in 2015 to start Key Square, and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.wsj.com/politics/elections/the-ex-soros-executive-who-is-trumps-new-obsession-4be2d493">The Journal</a> reported that he hasn't spoken to the billionaire in years.Bessent has been vocal in his support for Trump, telling <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2024/08/18/exclusive-scott-bessent-kamala-harris-economic-illiterate-will-crash-economy/">Breitbart</a> in August that Vice President Kamala Harris would have crashed the economy if she was president.He wrote <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.wsj.com/opinion/markets-hail-trumps-economics-he-will-repair-biden-damage-pro-growth-investment-boost-f3954dbe?">an opinion column</a> just after the election, praising Trump for a stock market rally after his win and knocking <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/23/politics/nobel-prize-economists-harris-economic-plan/index.html">23 Nobel Prize-winning economists</a> for predicting that the president-elect's agenda would be "counterproductive."The investor laid out his ideas for the economy in his written piece, calling for the Trump administration to reduce government borrowing and to reform President Joe Biden's policies for investment in a "quixotic energy transition."Like Lutnick, he's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/scott-bessent-talk-tariffs-its-time-revitalize-alexander-hamiltons-favorite-tool">advocated for an economy</a> that's more reliant on tariffs and weaned off income tax, saying the move would restore America's position on the world stage and help curb China's growth.However, The Journal reported that some conservatives in Trump's circle were concerned about Bessent's past experience working for Soros, who has attracted the ire of the MAGA base for his support of left-leaning causes.

Meet the top 4 candidates Trump is considering for Secretary of the Treasury

Descendants of royal families, who are contesting the 2024 <keyword id="19923279" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Lok-Sabha-elections" source="keywords">Lok Sabha elections</keyword> on <keyword id="19894848" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="BJP" source="keywords">BJP</keyword> tickets, have performed fairly well with a majority of them leading with a huge margin on their respective seats. <keyword id="29632" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="jyotiraditya-scindia" source="Orion">Jyotiraditya Scindia</keyword>, the scion of the erstwhile royal family of Gwalior who severed his 18-year-long ties with the <keyword id="19895371" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Congress" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Congress" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Congress">Congress</keyword> in 2020 and joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), is leading with over 5 lakh votes from the Guna parliamentary constituency in <keyword id="19898705" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Madhya-Pradesh" source="keywords">Madhya Pradesh</keyword>. The Union civil aviation minister is pitted against the Congress' Rao Yadvendra Singh. This is the first time in his political career that Scindia (53) is contesting as a BJP candidate from Guna, which was earlier represented by his late father Madhavrao Scindia and late grandmother Vijayaraje Scindia. The BJP is having a clean sweep in Madhya Pradesh by securing huge vote margins on all 29 seats. Another royal candidate Dushyant Singh, Prince of Dholpur state in <keyword id="19898913" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rajasthan" source="keywords">Rajasthan</keyword>, who has been elected four times in the past, is also leading from Jhalawar-Baran with over 3.5 lakh votes against his rival Urmila Jain of the Congress. Mahima Kumari Mewar, the wife of <keyword id="21351143" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vishvaraj-singh" source="keywords">Vishvaraj Singh</keyword> Mewar who is a descendant of Maharana Pratap, is also leading from Rajsamand Lok Sabha seat in Rajasthan with around 4 lakh votes against her nearest rival Dr Damodar Gurjar of the Congress. In Rajasthan, the BJP has won one seat and is leading on 13 out of 25 parliamentary constituencies. In the south, <keyword id="20932800" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="yaduveer-krishnadatta-chamaraja-wadiyar" source="keywords">Yaduveer Krishnadatta Chamaraja Wadiyar</keyword>, 31-year-old US-educated who was crowned as the titular head of the erstwhile Mysuru royal family in 2015 making him the 27th 'King' of the Wadiyar dynasty, is a BJP candidate for the Mysuru Lok Sabha seat. Yaduveer is leading with over 1.3 lakh votes against Congress' candidates M Lakshmana from this seat. As per the latest trend, the BJP has won one seat and leading on 15 seats out of 28 parliamentary seats in Karnataka. The Congress is leading on 10 seats. In Odisha, while contesting as a BJP candidate, Malvika Devi, wife of former MP Arka Keshari Deo, a member of the royal family of Kalahandi district, is leading with about one lakh votes against her nearest rival Lambodar Nial of Biju Janata Dal (BJD). The BJP has put up a significant performance in Odisha as its candidates are leading on 19 out of 21 seats. Among the Northeastern states, Kriti Singh Debbarma, a member of the Tripura's erstwhile royal family, who is a joint candidate of the regional party Tipra Motha and the BJP, is leading with over 5.5 lakh votes on Tripura East seat from her nearest rival Rajendra Reang of the Communist Party of India (CPI). Tripura has two parliamentary constituencies and the BJP is leading on both of them. Among the losing royal challengers of the 2024 Lok Sabha elections is Vikramaditya Singh, who is contesting from the Congress from the Mandi Lok Sabha seat. Singh, the heir of the Rampur royal family and son of the late Virbhadra Singh, a six-time chief minister of Himachal Pradesh, is trailing as his rival, actress-turned-politician Kangna Ranaut of the BJP, is ahead of him with over 70,000 votes. Another royal candidate is Rajmata Amrita Roy from the Krishnanagar seat in West Bengal, who is also trailing by over 50,000 votes against Trinamool Congress' (TMC) Mahua Moitra. Roy, married to the family of Maharaja Krishnachandra Roy, is revered as the "Rani Maa" or Queen Mother by the constituency, carrying a legacy rich in tradition and aristocracy.

Lok Sabha polls: Royal family candidates heading towards a comfortable victory

New Delhi, The number of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations that are operating in the country has gone up to 12,146 as of February 2 this year, Minister of State for Heavy Industries, <keyword id="20219727" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="krishan-pal-gurjar" source="keywords">Krishan Pal Gurjar</keyword>, said in a written reply in the <keyword id="19895394" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="lok-sabha" source="keywords">Lok Sabha</keyword> on Tuesday. The data provided by the minister shows that Maharashtra leads with 3,079 EV charging stations followed by Delhi with 1,886, while Karnataka is at the third spot with 1,041 charging stations. The top three states are followed by: <keyword id="19896018" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="kerala" source="keywords">Kerala</keyword> (852), <keyword id="19896558" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tamil-nadu" source="keywords">Tamil Nadu</keyword> (643), Uttar Pradesh (582), <keyword id="19898913" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rajasthan" source="keywords">Rajasthan</keyword> (500), Telangana (481), Gujarat (476) and Madhya Pradesh (341), making up the top 10 list. The Ministry of Heavy Industries (MHI) has been making consistent efforts for facilitating the promotion of EVs in India. The FAME-II scheme inter-alia included financial support in the form of subsidy for setting up of public charging infrastructure to instill confidence among the EV users, the minister said. Further, the Ministry of Power has taken several initiatives to accelerate the deployment of public EV charging infrastructure in the country. The government has issued guidelines and standards for charging infrastructure, which enable the owners of EVs to charge their vehicles at their residence/office using their existing electricity connections. A revenue sharing model for provision of land at promotional rates for public charging stations has also been introduced and provision has been made for providing electricity connection to Public Charging Station (PCS) within stipulated timelines. The government has also prescribed the single part EV tariff for public charging stations, This amount cannot exceed Average Cost of Supply (ACoS) till 31.03.2025. The guidelines specify a ceiling of Rs 2.50 per unit and Rs 3.50 per unit of electricity used for slow AC charging of EVs at PCS during the solar and non-solar hours, respectively. Additionally, a ceiling limit of Rs 10 per unit and Rs 12 per unit of electricity used for DC fast charging of EVs at PCS during the solar and non-solar hours, respectively, has also been specified. Average cost of supply (ACoS) by DISCOMs to PCSs during solar hours shall have a rebate of 20 per cent and a surcharge of 20 per cent during all other times. The Green Energy Open Access Rules, 2022, has been notified with the objective of further accelerating renewable energy adoption, ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and green energy for all, the minister added.

India has 12,146 EV charging stations, Maharashtra leads, Delhi second

The BJP crossed the halfway mark in Rajasthan with its candidates leading in over 100 seats while the Congress was ahead in 77, according to Election Commission trends available on Sunday for the assembly polls in Rajasthan. The Bharat Adivasi Party (BAP) is leading on five seats while the CPI (M) and BSP on two each. The Rashtriya Loktantrik Party (RLP) and Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD) were leading on one seat each. Independent candidates are leading in nine constituencies. Chief Minister <keyword id="49103" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ashok-gehlot" source="Orion">Ashok Gehlot</keyword>, ministers Pratap Singh Khachariyawas, Tikaram Jully, Shakuntala Rawat, Brijendra Ola, Vishvendra Singh, Mahendra Jeet Singh Malvia are among the Congress candidates who are leading whereas parliamentary affairs minister Shanti Dhariwal and assembly speaker CP Joshi are trailing. Congress candidate Sachin Pilot is leading on Tonk seat with a margin of 943 votes while BJP leader and former chief minister <keyword id="6361795" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vasundhara-raje" source="Orion">Vasundhara Raje</keyword> is leading in Jhalrapatan assembly seat with 7,025 votes. BJP rebels Yoonus Khan (Deedwana), Chandrabhan Singh Aakya (Chittorgarh), Ravindra Singh Bhati (Sheo) are among the nine independent candidates who are leading in initial trends. As the trends poured in, BJP candidate from Kota north Prahlad Gunjal said that the BJP is going to form the government. "Rajasthan has given the mandate and the picture will become clear in sometime," he said. When asked who will be the CM, he said, "This will be decided by the party high command. We have big leaders like Vasundhara Raje and we need not bring from outside." Gunjal is contesting against parliamentary affairs minister Shanti Dhariwal. Elated over the initial trends, Union minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat said people have voted to oust Congress from the government. "People have failed the guarantees of Congress. They have voted to throw corrupt Congress out," Shekhawat told reporters here. He said that the BJP will be forming the state government with a huge mandate. Polling in 199 out of 200 assembly constituencies was held on November 25. The election in Sriganganagar's Karanpur seat was postponed due to the death of Congress candidate Gurmeet Singh Koonar. Counting of votes polled in the November 25 assembly elections in Rajasthan got underway at 8 am amid tight security arrangements. A total of 36 counting centres have been set up 199 of the state's 200 assembly constituencies which went to poll. Election to the Sriganganagar's Karanpur seat was postponed due to the death of Congress candidate Gurmeet Singh Koonar. As many as 1,862 candidates are in the fray for 199 seats. While 30 election districts have one counting centre, Jaipur, Jodhpur and Nagaur have two centres each. "All District Election Officers, Police Commissioners and Superintendents of Police have been instructed to strictly follow the security protocol at the counting centre," CEO Gupta said. He said that three-tier security arrangements have been ensured at the counting venue and only those with authorised passes would be able to enter. "Separate counting halls have been made for each assembly seat at the counting centre, where as per the instructions of the Commission, tables have been arranged for counting of postal ballots and EVMs," he said. Incumbent Congress and its rival Congress conducted intense poll campaign and are both hopeful of forming a government. While most of pollsters predicted an edge for the BJP, three exit polls in their upper limit forecast a Congress win in the desert state.

Rajasthan assembly polls: BJP surges ahead of Congress to take lead

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Trump-backed candidates lost primary races in Utah, South Carolina, and Colorado.</li><li>These defeats mark a rare trend of Trump endorsements failing in the 2024 election cycle.</li></ul>An endorsement from Donald Trump usually spells success for congressional candidates. But in this week's primary elections, some Trump picks experienced rare losses.In Utah, Republican Rep. John Curtis — who has been critical of Trump — beat out Trump's chosen candidate Trent Staggs to take over Mitt Romney's open Senate seat. Staggs lost to Curtis by 20 points, according to projected race calls from the Associated Press, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/06/25/us/elections/results-utah-primary.html">compiled by The New York Times</a>.In South Carolina, a similar situation occurred: ultra-conservative pastor Mark Burns, who <a target="_blank" href="https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112198139080960182">Trump endorsed on Truth Social</a> in April, lost his House runoff race to Republican Sherri Biggs.And in Colorado, House hopeful and state GOP Chair Dave Williams, who the <a target="_blank" href="https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/112085235042312156">former president endorsed on Truth Social</a> in March, got smoked by his rival, conservative commentator Jeff Crank — losing by 30 points, according to the Times.The three losses are just the second, third, and fourth time that a Trump favorite has lost their race for a federal position this election cycle, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2024/06/26/trump-endorsement-losses-00165023">Politico reported</a>. The first instance happened earlier in June when Trump-endorsed New Jersey Senate candidate Christine Serrano Glassner lost by 7 points to real estate developer Curtis Bashaw, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2024/06/04/us/elections/results-new-jersey-primary.html">according to the Times</a>.There's two othr candidates who might get added to Trump's list of failures.The race for Utah's second congressional district is still too close to call, with Trump-backed incumbent Rep. Celeste Maloy <a target="_blank" href="https://electionresults.utah.gov/results/public/utah/elections/primary06252024">leading by just 3 points</a>. And Virginia's Republican primary is also still too close to call, with <a target="_blank" href="https://enr.elections.virginia.gov/results/public/Virginia/elections/2024_June_Republican_Primary">Trump pick John McGuire less than one point</a> ahead of his challenger. That race may result in a recount, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/maddowblog/gop-voters-reject-trump-backed-candidates-multiple-primaries-rcna158985">MSNBC reported</a>.

Trump-backed congressional candidates suffered rare losses in Tuesday's primary elections

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In the unlikely event <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-if-biden-ends-his-reelection-bid-1968-dnc-2024-2">Joe Biden drops out, </a>his party's nomination will be thrown into chaos.</li><li>Biden and his allies have also implemented changes that stack things in his favor.</li></ul>Some Democrats have grown antsy over <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/joe-biden-ruth-bader-ginsburg-comparison-age-health-step-down-2024-2">President Joe Biden’s status</a>. While even some members of Congress are voicing concerns about his age, there’s little that could be effectively done to stop the president.And if he were to suddenly drop out à la LBJ in 1968, his party would face immediate chaos. It’s a near certainty that such a scenario would require an open convention, an event that hasn’t been seen in recent memory.It is worth remembering that there are no constitutional provisions regarding presidential primaries and very few details about the election of the president itself. The current system is the result of self-interested leaders, shell-shocked parties, and the constant debate about who should really have the power to elect a presidential nominee. Here's a breakdown of how we went from smoke-filled rooms and chaotic conventions to our modern system.<h2>What were early presidential elections like?</h2>Neither the primary process, if it existed at all, nor the general election are anything like their current counterparts. Revolutionary War hero George Washington was the easy choice for the white male property owners who decided the nation’s early elections. Washington’s decision to not seek a third term upended the system. The nation’s framers hadn’t anticipated political parties, but John Adam and Thomas Jefferson’s fierce rivarly quickly divided the top officials. Members of Congress, due to their proximity to political power, began informally and then increasingly publicly nominating their preferred candidates. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42622825?read-now=1&amp;seq=11#page_scan_tab_contents">Not everyone was happy with the system</a>, which multiple state legislatures rallied against in part due to constitutional concerns about the separation of power. The chaos of the election of 1824, the only presidential election to be thrown to the House, hastened the end of this approach.The Anti-Masonic Party, perhaps the U.S.’s first dominant third party, paved the way for a new method when it held the first national convention in 1831. (incredibly, they still chose a Mason as their nominee.) Soon after, as Jill Lepore <a target="_blank" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/07/04/conventions-primaries-and-the-presidency">recounted</a> in The Atlantic, then-President Andrew Jackson’s desire to have his Democratic Party follow suit helped enshrine a new tradition into American politics.<h2>What were early conventions like?</h2>They were also nothing like modern conventions. Jackson supported the already ongoing expansion of voting rights to most white men, Daniel Feller, Editor/Director Emeritus of The Papers of Andrew Jackson, <a target="_blank" href="https://millercenter.org/president/jackson/the-american-franchise">wrote</a> in a summary of the former general's rise to power. Even that push didn’t change the real power that was selecting the nation’s presidential nominees. Detractors may have killed the congressional caucus, but the convention delegate system was another avenue for political elites to determine their respective party’s nominees. This era did give us one of the best cliches, <a target="_blank" href="https://politicaldictionary.com/words/smoke-filled-room/">the smoke-filled room</a>.Conventions didn't start to resemble what currently occurs every four years until much later. For example, it wasn't until FDR accepted the Democratic Party's nomination in 1932 that nominees began to show up for formal acceptance speeches, a major part of the modern convention.<h2>What are primaries and how did we get them in presidential elections?</h2>Progressive reformers were tired of political bosses. They sought to weaken elite officials' power through primary elections at all levels. In 1912, former President Theodore Roosevelt won most of the GOP primaries, but few states actually held such elections. Unable to usurp William Howard Taft, his successor, Roosevelt started a third party of his own, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/memorable-presidential-elections-american-history-2020-10#theodore-roosevelt-started-a-third-party-in-the-1912-election-and-took-a-bullet-to-the-chest-at-one-campaign-stop-3">The Bull Moose Party</a>. Slowly, the primaries began to take hold, not as definitive nomination contests but as data points for party elites to assess the relative strength of candidates.Dwight D. Eisenhower notched a major upset in the 1952 New Hampshire GOP primary that upended Robert A. Taft's perceived frontrunner status. Eisenhower went on to win the Republican nomination on the first ballot. On the Democratic side, Then-Sen. John F. Kennedy’s win in the West Virginia primary helped to soothe fears that some top party officials held about how a Catholic presidential candidate would be received.Some defend this system and want to return to it, because it mixed a limited number of primaries with the power of party figures. As Richard Pildes, a constitutional law professor at New York University School of Law, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/05/25/two-myths-about-the-unruly-american-primary-system/">wrote in 2016</a>, this approach allowed party loyalists to maintain some control over the primary process. It was a year of sheer chaos that provided the final push to start modern presidential campaigning.<h2>Why is 1972 the start of the modern era?</h2>The 1968 Democratic National Convention was a disaster. President Lyndon B. Johnson shocked the country by announcing he would not seek reelection. Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert Kennedy were gunned down just months apart. And an outcry over the Vietnam War loomed over everything. Democrats were already entering an uneasy situation for their national convention in Chicago. The party’s decision to nominate Vice President Hubert Humphrey, a pro-war candidate, who had run in any of the limited number of primaries, was vocally rejected by some delegates on the floor. News coverage of that drama was interrupted by a violent riot that unfolded outside. The legacy of Chicago held on for so long that questions were raised about whether Democrats should go back there for their convention this summer nearly 60 years later.In the wake of the violence, Democrats launched a massive overhaul of their presidential primary process. Then-Sen. George McGovern helped co-lead the commission aimed at opening up the delegate selection process in more democratic ways, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.thisnation.com/politics/elections/how-did-political-party-conventions-start/">such as requiring</a> more female delegates, establishing a quota for younger delegates, and pushing away from the old tradition of making delegate selection in secret. McGovern, <a target="_blank" href="https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-oral-histories/george-mcgovern-oral-history">who later said</a> he was asked to help lead the panel due to his favorability among all wings of the party, later used the knowledge to help clinch the presidential nomination under the new rules.According to some officials who worked on the commission, their changes had the unintended effect of popularizing state presidential primary elections. The Republican Party soon followed with its review. The upshot was party elites were now less powerful than they had been in decades. While Democrats have continued to study and tweak how they run presidential elections ever since. <h2>How did the top officials respond?</h2>Like they had in the past, party officials quickly tried to claw back power. Critically for Democrats, this led to the creation of so-called super delegates<a target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/apr/19/democratic-party-superdelegates-history-rules-changes"> in the early 1980s</a>.While the initial goal was to limit their number, by 2016 superdelegates made up 15% of the available delegates, a sizable chunk in what became a more closely contested primary than initially anticipated. Sen. Bernie Sanders’ supporters responded by calling for limits on superdelegates’ power.In 2018, superdelegates <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/25/politics/democrats-superdelegates-voting-changes/index.html">were officially barred</a> from voting on the first ballot if a candidate did not secure a majority of the delegates without the party officials’ support. In short, party officials’ hands are initially tied, even if they want to cast the deciding votes.<h2>What has Joe Biden done?</h2>Biden continued the tradition of tweaking the process. He went further than any recent proposal, angering Iowa and New Hampshire Democrats by pushing them further down in the party’s primary calendar. He also elevated <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-2024-democratic-presidential-primary-calendar-dnc-south-carolina-2023-7">South Carolina to first</a>. Officially, the Democratic National Committee had to approve the plan, but it was largely rubber-stamped. If Biden were to drop out tomorrow, any hopeful would have to face this reality. Some states, such as Florida and North Carolina, have either canceled their primary election or made it a de facto Biden victory by only listing one candidate on the ballot.

The chaotic history of how we elect presidential candidates

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Ron DeSantis dropped out of the 2024 race on Sunday.</li><li>At one time, it would have been considered an unexpected ending for a promising candidate.</li></ul>Turns out, Mickey Mouse is stronger than you thought.Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ron-desantis-suspends-gop-presidential-campaign-trump-haley-florida-2024-1">ended his presidential campaign</a> on Sunday, succumbing to the final realization of defeat in a candidacy that once held such promise.The epitaph of his campaign is and will be intensely debated. Perhaps, any politician trying to be a replica of Trump when the original was readily available was doomed to fail.And yet, it doesn't explain the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-reaction-to-desantis-twitter-spaces-announcement-2024-gop-primary-2023-5">glitchy rollout</a>. The weird,<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ron-desantis-responsible-widely-condemned-anti-lgbtq-video-2023-8"> definitely too online videos</a>. And how the governor of one of America's largest states, just seemed well, <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/gabegutierrez/status/1684641404369203200?s=20">odd on the campaign trail</a>. It's true that as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/desantis-trump-indictments-distorted-gop-primary-struggles-woes-2023-12">DeSantis himself complained</a>, Trump's unprecedented criminal indictments upended the race. Still, it seemed like one man in America who could have humbled Trump just couldn't stop tripping over himself.<h2>DeSantis was one of the most intimidating candidates to enter the presidential arena in ages</h2>It's worth remembering as pundits, foes, and anyone else kick the Florida man while he's down that they remember DeSantis once cut a much different figure. After all, there's a reason the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-desantis-abortion-rights-disney-guns-education-2024-election-trump-2023-5">Biden White House</a> once<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jen-psaki-blasts-desantis-fundraising-spat-white-house-covid-2021-8"> made it a point</a> to<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ron-desantis-jen-psaki-white-house-covid-monoclonal-antibodies-2022-1"> tangle with him regularly.</a>DeSantis cut his teeth after<a target="_blank" href="https://www.natesilver.net/p/ron-desantiss-electoral-track-record"> narrowly winning a general election</a> over then-Tallahassee Mayor Andrew Gillum, a candidate who was virtually anointed as the future of the Democratic Party but who now looks at best like a deeply flawed challenger. And yes, it was then-President Donald Trump whose endorsement powered DeSantis to that very general election in the first place.You know how the story goes. DeSantis pivoted away from his early governorship to becoming a pandemic-era culture warrior willing to take on Trump or anyone else who stands his way. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-desantis-feud-timeline-parental-rights-education-florida-2023-4">He later added Disney</a>, one of his state's largest employers, to his enemy list. After pundits point out this a bold strategy for a historic swing state, DeSantis pulls off a historic reelection rout. <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/nypost/status/1590329298942103552?s=20">Front pages </a>proclaimed him the man of the moment. Very early polling showed <a target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/dec/14/desantis-trump-2024-republican-presidential-poll">DeSantis leading Trump</a> in national polling. The Wall Street Journal had him <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/ron-desantis-holds-early-lead-over-donald-trump-among-gop-primary-voters-wsj-poll-shows-11670989311?mod=hp_lead_pos5">up by double digits over Trump</a> in a 2022 poll. Of course, it didn't last.<h2>His collapse is among the most significant ever in Republican politics.</h2>It might be our fault too, more specifically the media. To juice early interest in the presidential race, the national media often declares frontrunners that age more poorly than a mid-2000s sitcom: just ask Rudy Giuliani, Scott Walker, and Kamala Harris (briefly). Some, namely Joe Biden, campaign long enough to go from frontrunner to also-ran back to winning the race again. But for the rest, they drop out before the Iowa caucuses or live on long enough to be humbled by roughly a couple hundred thousand Americans.While DeSantis may often be <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ron-desantis-scott-walker-chris-christie-2024-lessons-campaign-trump-2022-11">compared to former Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker</a>, the Floridian's disappointing performance might be so bad that he has now risen close to the level occupied by Giuliani. As America's (former) Mayor, Giuliani dominated early polling in the 2008 Republican primaries. But <a target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/jan/30/usa.rudygiuliani">Giuliani was ultimately doomed </a>by cultural issues (evangelical conservatives couldn't stomach his then-pro-choice views) and his curious decision to skip the early states in favor of focusing on the delegate battle. He ultimately staked his campaign on Florida. After finishing third, he quickly dropped out.Walker's failed candidacy is similar in that the Wisconsin Republican expanded his operation quickly to match the early hype for his bid. Just like DeSantis, Walker ended up being doomed by the sheer rate at which his campaign burned through contributions.Maybe there's a different ending in another multiverse. But in this reality, a week ago DeSantis lashed out at "worthless" Republicans who back Trump."You can be the most worthless Republican in America, but if you kiss the ring, he'll say: 'You're wonderful,"<a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/JenniferJJacobs/status/1746713824470679631?s=20"> DeSantis told Iowans</a> just a day before he finished the caucuses <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/desantis-iowa-caucuses-counties-trump-haley-conservatives-2024-1">without carrying a single county.</a>DeSantis can only hope he'll return to a wonderful world as Florida's governor. It sure won't be Disney's.

DeSantis might be the worst presidential candidate in recent memory 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Tom Cotton has emerged as a potential running mate for former President Donald Trump.</li><li>Cotton, first elected to the Senate in 2014, is known for his staunchly conservative views.</li></ul>High-profile GOP figures like Senators <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jd-vance-donald-trump-jr-close-friendship-gop-america-first-2024-4">JD Vance of Ohio</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tim-scott-trump-running-mate-2024-republican-party-2022-2">Tim Scott of South Carolina</a> have long been bandied about as potential running mates for former President Donald Trump.But one of their Senate colleagues has also emerged as a potential pick: Tom Cotton of Arkansas.According to The New York Times, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/24/us/politics/tom-cotton-trump-vp.html">Trump sees Cotton</a> as adept at cable news appearances, an important conduit for reaching GOP audiences. The former president also admires Cotton's military service and overseas deployments and speaks highly of the senator's Harvard-educated background.In addition to Cotton, Vance, and Scott, Trump is also strongly considering Gov. Doug Burgum of North Dakota and Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida as potential running mates, according to the Times. The former president has also mentioned the five politicians as possible cabinet choices should he choose another candidate as his No. 2.Individuals close to Trump who spoke with the Times said the ex-president isn't wedded to any particular figures and could consider other Republicans as the final decision looms.Of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-vice-president-running-mate-power-rankings-2024-5">candidates on Trump's radar</a>, all have been reliable foot soldiers of the former president's conservative views. And Trump — embroiled in myriad legal issues — is looking to tap a well-regarded candidate who won't create any major controversies for his campaign, the Times reported.Burgum briefly ran for president against Trump last year but suspended his campaign in December and threw his support behind the ex-president shortly before the Iowa caucuses. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-little-marco-rubio-2016-2">Rubio famously jostled with Trump</a> during the 2016 Republican primaries but has since overwhelmingly supported the former president.Cotton and Scott were strong legislative allies of Trump during his first administration, and Vance has emerged as one of the former president's leading "America First" adherents in the Senate.When Cotton — who was first elected to the Senate in 2014 — was asked last week about being part of a potential second Trump administration, he said he's mostly spoken with the former president about <a target="_blank" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-vp-shortlist-allegedly-has-top-contender-report">strategies for winning in November</a>."I suspect only Donald Trump knows who is really on his short list," Cotton told Fox News. "When we do talk, we talk about what it's going to take to win this election … to elect President Trump to another term in the White House and elect a Republican Congress."While Cotton's selection would be a huge hit with conservatives, it is unclear if he would be able to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-haley-suburbs-gop-problem-north-carolina-virginia-2024-3">help Trump with suburban voters</a> — a weak demographic for the former president — especially given the senator's strong anti-abortion views.

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