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Researchers have manipulated a type of white blood cells, called macrophages, to eliminate solid tumours by silencing their molecular pathway that prevents them from attacking our own cells.  Cancers that form solid tumours such as in the breast, brain, or skin are particularly hard to treat. Surgery is typically the first line of defence for patients fighting solid tumours. <br /><br /> However, surgery may not remove all cancerous cells, and leftover cells can mutate and spread throughout the body. <br /><br /> The new approach, described in the journal <keyword id="3877163" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="nature-biomedical-engineering" source="Orion">Nature Biomedical Engineering</keyword>, not only eliminates cancerous cells, but teaches the immune system to recognise and kill them in the future. <br /><br /> "Due to a solid tumour's physical properties, it is challenging to design molecules that can enter these masses," said <keyword id="17692657" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="dennis-discher" source="Orion">Dennis Discher</keyword>, a professor at the <keyword id="83492" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="university-of-pennsylvania" source="Orion">University of Pennsylvania</keyword> in the US. <br /><br /> "Instead of creating a new molecule to do the job, we propose using cells that 'eat' invaders-macrophages," Discher said. <br /><br /> Macrophages, a type of white blood cell, immediately engulf and destroy invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and even implants to remove them from the body. <br /><br /> A macrophage's innate immune response teaches our bodies to remember and attack invading cells in the future. This learned immunity is essential to creating a kind of <keyword id="6355291" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cancer" source="Orion">cancer</keyword> vaccine. However, a macrophage can not attack what it cannot see. <br /><br />"Macrophages recognise cancer cells as part of the body, not invaders," said the University of Pennsylvania postdoctoral fellow <keyword id="17692656" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="larry-dooling" source="Orion">Larry Dooling</keyword>. <br /><br /> "To allow these white blood cells to see and attack cancer cells, we had to investigate the molecular pathway that controls cell-to-cell communication. Turning off this pathway-a checkpoint interaction between a protein called SIRPa on the macrophage and the CD47 protein found on all 'self' cells-was the key to creating this therapy," Dooling said. <br /><br /> The engineered macrophages were put to the test on "tumoroids," conglomerates of mouse melanoma cells in culture plates. The macrophages cooperatively clustered around the cancer cells, picked them apart and progressively destroyed the tumour. <br /><br />When tested, the engineered cells were able to eliminate tumours in 80 per cent of mice. Tumour elimination triggered an adaptive immune response. Weeks later, the anti-cancer immunoglobulin G antibody increased, the researchers said. <br /><br /> The engineered macrophage therapy works best in combination with existing antibody therapy, the researchers said, adding one day, patients may be able to rely on these cells to eliminate solid tumours as well as the need for future treatments. <br /><br /> Macrophage therapy may be the key to a cancer vaccine, destroying cancer cells and teaching the body to destroy emerging cancer cells in the future-a gamechanger in the fight against cancer, they added.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/aviom-india-housing-finance-secures-30-million-in-funding/articleshow/100965232.cms">Aviom India Housing Finance secures $30 million in funding</a><br /></strong><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/markets/news/sensex-jumps-418-pts-to-6-month-high-on-positive-domestic-macro-data-firm-global-equities/articleshow/100965080.cms"><strong>Sensex jumps 418 pts to 6-month high on positive domestic macro data, firm global equities</strong></a><br />

Engineered white blood cells can eliminate cancer, study finds

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>Thursday night's game between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Cleveland Browns ended in a brutal brawl when Myles Garrett struck Mason Rudolph with his helmet.</strong></li><li><strong>During the fight, Steelers lineman David DeCastro got between Garrett and Rudolph, taking Garrett to the ground after he swung at the quarterback.</strong></li><li><strong>After the game, DeCastro received praise from viewers and even Garrett himself for helping to diffuse the situation.</strong></li><li><strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</strong></li></ul><p>Thursday night's game between the Browns and Steelers was marred by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-myles-garrett-hits-mason-rudolph-in-head-with-helmet-on-tnf-2019-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a brawl between Myles Garrett and Mason Rudolph</a>.</p><p>The fight broke out in the final seconds of the game, with the Browns holding a 21-7 lead and the Steelers down to their final plays before time expired. Garrett had brought Rudolph down on the play, and after a physical exchange, ripped off his helmet and swung it at the Pittsburgh quarterback.</p><p>Garrett was quickly called out for his action, with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-baker-mayfield-myles-garrett-hits-rudolph-with-helmet-2019-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">quarterback Baker Mayfield calling his teammate's participation</a> in the brawl "inexcusable."</p><p>But while Garrett was called out, players, coaches, and commentators have all praised Steelers lineman David DeCastro, who during the mayhem, did his best to diffuse the situation by bringing Garrett to the ground and keeping him away from angry Steelers teammates.</p><p>In the video above, DeCastro can be seen attempting to get between Garrett and Rudolph before the helmet is swung. After Garrett goes for the knockout, DeCastro wrapped him up and took him to the ground. While center Maurkice Pouncey can be seen throwing punches at Garrett, DeCastro was pretty clearly trying to quell the situation from getting any further out of hand.</p><p>On Twitter, DeCastro was praised for his role of peacemaker during the chaotic moment.</p><p>Even Garrett gave credit to DeCastro for helping to deescalate the situation on the field.</p><p>Asked about how his Browns teammates responded to the fight, Garrett thanked them for having his back before pivoting to DeCastro.</p><p>"Even DeCastro on the other team, he was trying to keep everybody off me," Garrett said, <a href="https://twitter.com/Jake_Trotter/status/1195234877442052097" target="_blank" rel="noopener">per ESPN's Jake Trotter</a>. "He understood the gravity of the situation, and he didn't want any more blows to be thrown, and he knew it was just two guys getting chippy. He and I made a mistake, but I appreciate him coming up to me and Larry coming up to me and having my back in the whole situation."</p><p>On Friday, <a href="https://twitter.com/NFLfootballinfo/status/1195383502113509378" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the NFL announced</a> that Garrett was suspended without pay indefinitely - a punishment that will last at least through the 2019 season and postseason. Pouncey also received a three-game suspension for his role in the fight. DeCastro did not receive a suspension.</p><p>The two teams will meet for a rematch in Cleveland in just two weeks.</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li></ul><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nfl-picks-week-11-expert-picks-against-the-spread-2019-11" data-analytics-position="9" data-analytics-module="featured_post">NFL WEEK 11: Our official predictions for who wins this weekend</a></p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fantasy-football-start-em-sit-em-week-11-2019-11" data-analytics-position="11" data-analytics-module="featured_post">18 players to start or sit in fantasy football for Week 11</a></p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/colin-kaepernick-workout-nfl-out-of-nowhere-questions-2019-11" data-analytics-position="19" data-analytics-module="featured_post">Colin Kaepernick's chance to revive his NFL career seemed to come out of nowhere and is shrouded in mystery</a></p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nfl-power-rankings-week-11-2019-11-2019-11" data-analytics-position="35" data-analytics-module="featured_post">NFL POWER RANKINGS: Where every team stands heading into Week 11</a></p><div><div style="width: 100%; height: 0px; position: relative; padding-bottom: 57.588%;"></div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/world-famous-sports-logos-hidden-messages-2019-10">10 world-famous sports logos with hidden meanings</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Steelers lineman David DeCastro praised as peacemaker for his role in 'Thursday Night Football' brawl, including from Myles Garrett

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Engineered white blood cells can eliminate cancer, study finds

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Steelers lineman David DeCastro praised as peacemaker for his role in 'Thursday Night Football' brawl, including from Myles Garrett

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