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Indias urban unemployment rate improved remarkably in the April-June quarter, revealed the <keyword id="7734679" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-statistical-office" source="Orion">National Statistical Office</keyword>. It dipped to 7.6 per cent during the April-June quarter from 12.6 per cent during the corresponding quarter a year ago. It is a clear indication that the country's economy is coming out the grip of Covid-induced slowdown. India's urban unemployment rate improved across genders and age groups to its best-ever level in the quarter ending June 2022.India's headline urban unemployment rate was 7.6 per cent in the quarter ending June, compared to 8.2 per cent in the quarter ending March, 12.7 per cent in the June quarter of 2021-22, and 8.9 per cent in the June quarter of 2019-20. Joblessness was high in April-June 2021 mainly due to the staggering impact of Covid-related restrictions in the country. The 15th <keyword id="3429286" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="periodic-labour-force-survey" source="Orion">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> (<keyword id="1697741" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="plfs" source="Orion">PLFS</keyword>) showed that the unemployment rate among females (aged 15 years and above) in urban areas declined to 9.5 per cent in April-June, 2022 from 14.3 per cent a year ago. It was 10.1 per cent in January-March, 2022.Among males, the unemployment rate in urban areas dipped to 7.1 per cent in April-June 2022 compared to 12.2 per cent a year ago. It was 7.7 per cent in January-March 2022. Since some kinds of jobs, like those in agriculture, are seasonal in nature, unemployment rate comparisons are best made for the same quarter across years. However, the remarkable improvement in this rate can be seen from the fact that it is the lowest rate since the quarter ending June 2018, the first quarter for which the quarterly bulletins have data, revealed media reports. That the improvement in unemployment rate was not lopsided can be seen from the fact that it improved across groups. The quarterly bulletin gives a breakup of unemployment rate by gender and by three age groups: all ages, 15-29 years, and 15 years and above. Unemployment rates for all these groups was the best in the quarter ending June, media reports said. Similarly, at 37.2 per cent, the labour force participation rate (<keyword id="4279410" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="lfpr" source="Orion">LFPR</keyword>) - or the share of population working or seeking work - in the first quarter of the current financial year was the highest for this quarter for any year since 2018-19 and 10 basis points (100th of a percentage point) higher than in the first quarter of last year. While LFPR was not at its best level in the quarterly bulletin's history like the unemployment rate, it is enough for it to be best for the June quarter because of the seasonality factor. The broad industry-wise breakup of workers further showed that employment prospects also improved. The share of workers in agriculture, secondary sector (which includes sectors like manufacturing and mining), and tertiary sector (comprises services) was 5.7 per cent, 34 per cent and 60.3 per cent, respectively. The share in agriculture is an improvement over the June quarters of FY 2021-22 and FY 2020-21, both affected by lockdowns, but not over FY 2019-20, when only 4.9 per cent were in agriculture. The share in tertiary sector was similarly a higher 62 per cent in FY 2019-20, a clear sign that though people are seeking and finding jobs with the pandemic under control, they may not be earning as much as they did before the pandemic. These signs will be confirmed or rejected when the unit-level data becomes available, the report stated. Labour force refers to the part of the population which supplies or offers to supply labour for pursuing economic activities for the production of goods and services and, therefore, includes both employed and unemployed persons. The NSO launched PLFS in April 2017. On the basis of PLFS, a quarterly bulletin is brought out giving estimates of labour force indicators namely unemployment rate, worker population ratio (<keyword id="1966243" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="wpr" source="Orion">WPR</keyword>), labour force participation rate (LFPR), distribution of workers by broad status in employment and industry of work in Current Weekly Status. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/gromo-raises-11-million-plans-to-double-headcount-in-6-12-months/articleshow/94031705.cms">GroMo raises $11 million, plans to double headcount in 6-12 months</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/dreamfolks-services-beats-grey-market-expectations-lists-at-a-55-premium/articleshow/94017839.cms">DreamFolks Services stock slips 8% from its listing price</a>

India's urban unemployment rate dips to 7.6% in the April-June quarter

Gender discrimination is the reason for 98 per cent of employment gap between males and females in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, according to a new report of <keyword id="69945" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="oxfam-india" source="Orion">Oxfam India</keyword>. The report highlighted that woman in India despite their same educational qualification and work experience as men will be discriminated in the labour market due to societal and employers' prejudices. The Oxfam India's 'India Discrimination Report 2022' shows that discrimination causes 100 per cent of employment inequality faced by women in rural areas in labour market and 98 per cent in urban areas. The report said self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females, 83 per cent of which is attributed to gender-based discrimination and 95 per cent of the gap between the earnings of male and female casual wage workers is due to discrimination. According to the report, gender discrimination is the reason for 98 per cent of the employment gap between males and females. Woman in India despite their same educational qualification and work experience as men will be discriminated in the labour market due to societal and employers' prejudices, it said. The report further said that 93 per cent of the gap in earnings of males and females is due to discrimination. Rural self-employed males earn twice of what females earn in rural areas. Male casual workers earn Rs 3,000 per month more than females, 96 per cent of which is attributed to discrimination, it said. As high as 91.1 per cent of the gap in earnings between males and females is explained by discrimination. The academically recognised statistical model applied in the report is now able to quantify the discrimination women face in the labour market. The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 per cent of discrimination and 33 per cent due to lack of education and work experience, the report said. Oxfam India called on the government to actively enforce effective measures for the protection and right to equal wages and work for all women. The Government of India should also incentivise the participation of women in workforce, including enhancement in pay, upskilling, job reservations and easy return-to-work options after maternity, the report said. What the report finds is if a man and woman starts on an equal footing, the woman will be discriminated in the economic sphere where she will lag behind in regular/salaried, casual and self-employment, said <keyword id="1594237" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="amitabh-behar" source="Orion">Amitabh Behar</keyword>, CEO of Oxfam India. "The inequality in the labour market for gender and other social categories, the report finds, is not just due to poor access to education or work experience but because of discrimination," he said. These findings are based on the government data on employment and labour from 2004-05 to 2019-20. The Oxfam India report refers to unit level data from 61st round <keyword id="179132" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-sample-survey" source="Orion">National Sample Survey</keyword> (NSS) data on employment-unemployment (2004-05), the <keyword id="3429286" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="periodic-labour-force-survey" source="Orion">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> in 2018-19 and 2019-20 and All India Debt and Investment Survey by the government. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/online-education-platform-upgrad-acquires-centum-learning-to-upskill-enterprise-workforce/articleshow/94216993.cms">Online education platform upGrad acquires Centum Learning to upskill enterprise workforce</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/fitch-slashes-indias-fy23-gdp-growth-forecast-to-7-from-7-8-earlier/articleshow/94213633.cms?utm_source=google_newsstand&amp;utm_medium=google_rssfeed&amp;utm_campaign=news_referral">Fitch slashes India's FY23 GDP growth forecast to 7% from 7.8% earlier</a>

Self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females: Oxfam

<ul><li>As education level rises, the rate of unemployment also increases, shows data by Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). </li><li>Unemployment rate among the highly educated stood at 13.2% during September-December 2018. </li><li>People with bachelor’s degrees and above account for only 10% of India’s total working age population.</li><li>Rate of unemployment among women — with bachelor’s and master’s degrees — has been higher than men, at 35%. </li></ul>Unemployment has emerged as a key challenge for the Indian government as it heads into the general elections. A recent <a href="https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=warticle&amp;dt=2019-03-19%2009:46:12&amp;msec=486">analysis </a>by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) has shown that the rate of unemployment among qualified youth — those with bachelor degrees and higher — has seen a sharp increase from mid 2017. The report has highlighted that the unemployment rate for the given group was projected at 13.2% during September - December period in 2018. While in 2017, the number stood at 12.1% for the qualified Indians. The highly educated set of individuals — those with bachelor’s degrees and above — faced the <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/unemployment-rate-among-graduates-touched-13pct-during-sep-dec-2018-cmie/story/329572.html">maximum unemployment </a>while the students who passed high school stood at 10.6%, in terms of unemployment numbers. The CMIE’s Consumer Pyramids Household Survey bifurcated the unemployment numbers according to the levels of education. People who have completed a bachelor’s degree or any other higher level of education account for only 10% of the working age population of India. While over 100 million had a bachelor’s degree or higher as of 2018. Out of these, nearly 53 million of those were employed. While eight million were looking for jobs. Post graduates (master’s or higher) in India have been facing the biggest challenge to fetch jobs. The unemployment rate among those with a master’s degree is twice the unemployment among the entire labour force, according to the report. India has a labour participation rate of 61% — for the graduation and above group, which was below 60% mark, a year ago. Labour participation rate is the number of employed people or the ones seeking employment. Unemployment among women While the overall labour participation rate — employed and seeking jobs — in the country has improved from the past few years, the female participation was still significantly low at 11.1% during September-December 2018. However, for the females with higher educational qualifications, the numbers hit 22.6%, which is more than twice compared to the average female participation. Unemployment rate among women in this segment stood at 35% during the same period. In contrast, the rate of unemployment for men stood at 10%. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indians-will-prefer-to-learn-a-new-skill-if-they-have-a-four-days-work-week-survey/articleshow/68516702.cms">Indians were asked what they would do in their free time if they could work for four days a week — and their answers are unexpected</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/male-workforce-is-reportedly-shrinking-in-india-reveals-job-survey-by-nsso/articleshow/68498030.cms">Male workforce is reportedly shrinking in India, reveals job survey by NSSO</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-unemployment-crisis-is-hurting-women-more-than-the-men/articleshow/68403129.cms">India’s unemployment crisis is hurting women more than the men</a>

Fewer jobs for better educated: India’s unemployment rate stands at 13.2% among the highly educated segment

Narendra Modi, elected leader of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) will take oath as <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword>'s prime minister for a historic third term on Sunday evening at 7:15 PM. After a decade of full majority governance, Modi will now run a <keyword id="20018803" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="coalition-government" source="keywords">coalition government</keyword>, with the Telugu Desam Party and Janata Dal (United) as key partners. Despite being in coalition, experts feel that there won't be much change in the new government's economic agenda. Economists believe that <keyword id="20509939" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Modi-3-0" source="keywords">Modi 3.0</keyword> will not slow down the reforms and to achieve the goal of Vikshit Bharat by 2047, <keyword id="20404815" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="economic-reforms" source="keywords">economic reforms</keyword> and policy reviews need to be continued across multiple sectors, including infrastructure, labour, and manufacturing. These reforms are deemed essential to drive economic growth and development in India. "The oft-repeated target of becoming a developed country by 2047 requires far-reaching reforms in the factor market, opening up of the economy and infrastructure development and a thrust towards labour intensive manufacturing. In a coalition environment it may not be easy to carry out big bang reforms, but the thrust of incremental reforms should be in this direction," said M Govind Rao, Member, Fourteenth Finance Commission and former Director, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy. Economists have noted that spending on <keyword id="20229510" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="populist-measures" source="keywords">populist measures</keyword> will increase because of coalition politics, however, the government will continue with its focus on "<keyword id="20054650" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Made-In-India" source="keywords">Made In India</keyword>" reforms. Sectors like infrastructure and manufacturing will remain the priority of the government. "There's likely to be a swerve towards greater populist spending and some commitment of resources to states of alliance partners is also likely. But India's public finances are in relatively robust health and to be augmented by significant reserves from the RBI. India's infrastructure spending will continue apace but perhaps with greater private sector participation. Expenditure on defence modernisation and indigenisation will also undoubtedly continue" said Gautam Sen, retired political economist London School of Economics and author, Former member of the Indo-UK Roundtable and Senior Consultant UNDP. The full budget expected to be announced in July, will reflect the economic agenda of Modi 3.0. Many economists expect the Budget will likely see a spurt in welfare and support schemes mainly for farmers and poor. The Budget will indicate the policy priorities for the new coalition government and decide the growth trajectory for the next five years, On the economic front, economists have cautioned the government about the potential setbacks from a sluggish global economy and geopolitical crisis. "One constraint remains the sluggish world economy, which could suffer worse setbacks next year, though Indian growth has risen despite it. The unknown is the impact of external shocks of intensifying wars and uncertainty over energy prices" added Sen. Meanwhile, in a significant boost to the start of Modi 3.0, the Reserve Bank of India on June 7 revised upwards the <keyword id="19972825" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="GDP-growth" source="keywords">GDP growth</keyword> projection for the current fiscal to 7.2 per cent from 7 per cent on rising private consumption and revival of demand in rural areas. RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das said estimates released by the National Statistical Office (NSO) placed India's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth at 8.2 per cent in 2023-24.

Economists expect big bang reforms to continue under Modi 3.0

<ul><li>From boardroom participation to inclusive policies, India Inc is stepping up its efforts to recognise women at the workplace. </li><li>The Indian law mandates maternity benefits to <keyword id="6482204" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="FEMALE-EMPLOYEES">female employees</keyword> at the time of childbirth, under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. </li><li>However, there are a few companies, including tech giants like <keyword id="6370971" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="accenture">Accenture</keyword>, Tata Consultancy Services (<keyword id="6357150" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="tcs">TCS</keyword>) and <keyword id="6358384" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="SAP">SAP</keyword> — that have gone beyond the basics. </li><li>Here are the five companies that extend adoption and paternity leave.</li></ul>From boardroom participation to inclusive policies, India Inc is stepping up its efforts to recognise women at the workplace. The Indian law mandates maternity benefits to women employees at the time of childbirth, under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. The maternity act is applicable to all companies employing over 10 people. Yet too many women continue to drop out of the workforce mid-career due to childcare and family responsibilities. “Organizations across sectors have taken conscious steps to create an enabling environment for women as well creating the right infrastructure at the workplace to support the growth of women. The gender parity has improved significantly, with 28% organizations not differentiating between male and female apprentices. There is still a long path to walk, but the ecosystem is definitely getting more conducive and encouraging,” told Sumit Kumar, Vice President at <keyword id="8169255" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="NETAP">NETAP</keyword>, TeamLease. However, there are a few companies, including tech giants like Accenture, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and SAP — that have gone beyond the basics.

Accenture, TCS and other top tech giants that extend adoption leaves to its female employees

<ul><li>IT giants — Tech Mahindra and Wipro — are the only Indian companies after Dr. Reddy Laboratories to make it to in the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index (GEI). </li><li>The GEI index is based on five parameters — female leadership and talent pipeline, equal pay and gender pay parity, inclusive culture, sexual harassment policies, and a pro-women brand. </li><li>This includes parental leaves, lactation rooms at the workplace and education programmes dedicated to women. </li><li>According to the <keyword id="69007" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="World-Economic-Forum">World Economic Forum</keyword> Gender Gap Report, it will take 257 years to eliminate the prevailing gap on women participation in the workforce, globally.</li></ul>Homegrown IT giants — Tech Mahindra and Wipro — are the only Indian companies after Dr. Reddy Laboratories to make to the Bloomberg Gender Equality Index (GEI). The pharma multinational retained its spot for three consecutive years. The GEI index is based on five parameters — female leadership and talent pipeline, equal pay and gender pay parity, inclusive culture, sexual harassment policies, and creating a pro-women brand. The report tracked companies based on their market cap and efforts to support and implement gender equality via policy development, representation, and transparency. Tech Mahindra and Wipro made their debut for the first time this year. “At Tech Mahindra, we value individual differences and focus on providing equal opportunities to all our associates. For us, diversity of every kind is a priority, whether it is diversity of nationality, age, gender, thoughts, or abilities, and our constant endeavour is to build a workplace that is ‘intentionally’ diverse,” said Harshvendra Soin, chief people officer at Tech Mahindra. The companies are also ranked based on parental leaves, lactation rooms at the workplace and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) education programmes which are dedicated to women. “We celebrate and learn from diverse ideas, backgrounds, perspectives and experiences. The essence of co-creating and being guided by our values, defines inclusion and diversity at Wipro,” said Abidali Z. Neemuchwala, CEO and MD of Wipro. The report also highlights that the companies that have women in the boardroom and as CEOs also have more women at the senior management level. “Female-led organizations also had more women in the top 10% of compensation than male-led firms, and more women in revenue-producing roles,” the report said. India has a long way to go before they attain gender parity. According to the <a href="https://www.weforum.org/reports/gender-gap-2020-report-100-years-pay-equality">World Economic Forum Gender Gap Report</a>, it will take 257 years to eliminate the prevailing gender gap in the workforce, globally. India ranks 112th in the Global Gender Gap Index in 2020. In fact, the International Labour Organisation (ILO) says that women around the globe work for a combined 12.5 billion hours for free. The Bloomberg report includes over 6,000 companies across 84 countries. Of this, the 325 companies featured in the index have a market capitalization of $12 trillion. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/iits-and-nits-will-now-be-ranked-on-how-many-women-they-educate-and-employ/articleshow/73296855.cms">IITs and NITs will now be ranked on how many women they educate and employ</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/policy/foreign-policy/news/uns-list-of-top-10-countries-with-gender-equality-is-empty/articleshow/72123061.cms">Which country can achieve gender equality by 2030 ? The answer is none, UN laments</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/top-jobs-for-women-in-india-as-employability-rises-9-in-2-years/articleshow/72487187.cms">The number of employable Indian women has sharply risen in the last two years⁠— and it is nearly at par with men</a>

Tech Mahindra, Wipro and Dr Reddy’s Labs — only 3 Indian companies made it to Bloomberg Gender Equality Index

I take the Delhi Metro to work every morning. The subway system allocates one out of six or eight carriages exclusively for the use of <keyword id="624" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Women">women</keyword>, in the interest of safety. The remaining carriages are mostly occupied by men - I would venture to say anywhere between 80% and 90%, based on rudimentary calculations. This is usually the case all the time. It’s a stark and daily reminder of just how far India has to go in terms of solving its gender inequality problem. A recent<a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Global%20Themes/Gender%20Equality/The%20power%20of%20parity%20Advancing%20womens%20equality%20in%20Asia%20Pacific/MGI_Power-of-Parity-Asia-Pacific_Report_April-2018.ashx"> report on gender equality </a>by the Mckinsey Global Institute (MGI), the consultancy’s research division, shows that India is one of the lowest-ranked countries in the Asia-Pacific in terms of labour force participation by females and the contribution of women to GDP, based on figures from 2016. Around 18% of India’s GDP is accounted for by women, while the share of females in the country’s labour force is 25%. Only Pakistan ranks lower than India on both counts- with women contributing a mere 11% to GDP and comprising 22% of its labour force. It has a lot to gain by unleashing the productive potential of its women- who have, up until this point, been a underused resource. MGI estimates that India’s GDP, if everything were to carry on as usual, could increase by $770 billion, or 18%, by 2025 by giving women access to equal work opportunities as men. Around $550bn, or 70% of this increase, would come by just increasing the share of females in the workforce by 10%. The remaining portion of the increase in GDP would be achieved by improving the quality of work given to women and the hours worked. Too often, the report notes, women are engaged in unpaid care work or low-quality, low-paying work like cleaning. A staggering 97% of all female workers are engaged in informal sector work that isn’t regulated and doesn’t offer adequate remuneration based on hours put in. Additionally, the amount of time spent doing unpaid, household chores is lengthened by a lack of easy access to amenities such as cooking fuel and clean water. A lot of women find themselves unable to enter the formal sector due to a low level of <keyword id="6355445" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="education">education</keyword>. A <a href="https://thewire.in/economy/ten-charts-gender-inequality">report last year in the Wire</a> showed that despite achieving strong enrolment rates for females in primary schools, as a result of the Right to Education Act, the government was not able to translate this into improved rates for secondary and tertiary enrolment. A girl’s higher education is looked at as an opportunity cost. Why send her to school when she can start helping her mother take care of the house or drawing an income from manual work? Inequality in formal sector The lack of female representation in the formal sector also has a lot to do with how upper classes in Indian society function. The MGI report explained that women’s workforce participation follows a “U-shaped curve”. While women from low-income families are forced to work out of necessity, the level of female employment gets progressively lower the wealthier a family gets, owing to the fact that there is a lower need for a woman to work for pay. MGI says that this effect can be reversed if companies step up their hiring of women and give women more leadership opportunities. In most cases, the hiring practices of Indian companies reinforce the <keyword id="6484133" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="labour-participation">labour participation</keyword> gap. According to <a href="http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/548581522089881652/pdf/WPS8379.pdf">a working paper by the World Bank, </a>an analysis of over 800,000 Indian job postings showed that there was an explicit bias towards men, especially in blue-collar sectors. Further still, professions that have greater representation by women - such as teaching, health and business process outsourcing - actually paid men significantly more. A lack of legal protection and political representation India does not have any laws in place to ensure equal pay for men and women. While the government passed a law mandating 26 months paid maternity leave in April last year, it made no provision for financial support to small-and-medium sized businesses. At the time, experts felt that the law would only serve to exacerbate <a href="https://qz.com/943639/proof-that-indias-new-maternity-leave-law-could-make-it-even-harder-for-women-to-get-a-job/">discriminatory hiring practices against women.</a> The government also excluded the unorganised sector from the purview of the law, thereby offering no protection to women in temporary, self-employed or contractual roles. Worse still, the law did not make any mention of paternity leave, deciding once and for all that child-rearing was the sole responsibility of the mother. The percentage of women in India’s lower house of Parliament is tragically low, at 11%. The Women’s Reservation Bill, which reserves 33% of the seats in both houses of Parliament and state legislatures for women, has been languishing for 22 years, despite being passed in the upper house in 2010. No surprise there. Why would the leaders of a male-dominated legislature be okay with ceding their seat to a woman? The Northern states fare a lot worse There seems to be a regional aspect to India’s <keyword id="6372584" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="gender-equality">gender equality</keyword> problem. While states in the northeast and south of India, like Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Sikkim, report strong female workforce participation rates, Northern states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Jammu &amp; Kashmir, fall significantly behind. Unsurprisingly, the level of female workforce participation was lowest in states with lower levels of adult literacy. This highlights the problem as primarily one of access to good education. In mapping out a strategy to improve gender equality in India, the government would do well to focus on states in the North first. Some progress has been made, however This is not to say that India hasn’t made any progress in curbing gender inequality. Over the past decade, it has reduced maternal mortality rates from 280 for every 100,000 births to 174. The female-to-male adult literacy ratio has also increased by 0.10 points to 0.87 while the prevalence of child marriage has declined. Financial inclusion is also being achieved, gradually, through the Jan Dhan Yojana Scheme, which has given around 300 million women access to bank accounts and savings schemes, and the Mudra Yojana microcredit programme, under which more than 6 million female entrepreneurs have received loans. But a lot more needs to be done So what does that India needs to do to unlock the potential of its women and achieve the aforementioned increase in GDP? Firstly, according to the MGI, the government needs to leverage the digital inclusion and internet penetration wave. Greater access to computer skilling and by extension, to the internet means greater access to information - educational courses, learning resources, job postings and networking opportunities. It also means access to online banking, which in turn, means access to credit and savings instruments. Secondly, there need to be skilling and vocational training programmes tailored to industries where women have the highest potential for greater participation- healthcare, hospitality, textiles and electronics assembly. Thirdly, the government needs to encourage gender diversity-focused hiring policies in the companies. Fourth, given that women do ten times more unpaid work than men, the government can help reduce the time spent on unpaid work by providing households in rural area with electricity, closer access to clean water and subsidised childcare services. Fifth, increasing the level of women in legislative bodies in India will set a good example for other industries and could kickstart a shift in societal norms. Women are an <a href="https://www.livemint.com/Politics/PyQ7hlxIkiyXlsUqq7JbOL/The-growing-importance-of-women-as-an-electoral-constituency.html">increasingly influential electoral group</a> and deserve adequate representation. Last, but most important, it needs to stimulate private investment and create enough jobs in the economy to accommodate the increase in female workers - an issue that merits its own feature story. The increase in the female labour participation rate is not low-hanging fruit that the government can pluck and qualify as a win. It transcends election cycles and requires long-term, structural reform and a broad shift in societal attitudes. It’s a massive undertaking, but with a worthy payoff. Wouldn’t it be great if there were two compartments for women in the Delhi subway? Or better yet, each compartment was equally comprised of men and women?

India would be US$550 billion richer if it just increased its share of women in the labor force by 10%

<ul><li>The number of salaried <keyword id="32919" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="women-employees">women employees</keyword> in the urban workforce has increased by 2.1%, compared to 1.5% amongst men, according to the <keyword id="3429286" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Periodic-Labour-Force-Survey">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> (PLFS) released by the National Statistical Organisation (NSO). </li><li>The overall share of salaried employees improved from 48.3% in 2018 to 50% in March 2019. </li><li>The unemployment rate dropped to 11.6% among women against 12.8% in June last year. </li><li>According to the Monster Salary Index, women earn 19% less than men in India. </li></ul>Fewer Indian women are a part of its labour market. But their participation seems to be growing at a faster rate than that of men. Salaried women employees in the urban workforce increased by 2.1% as compared to 1.5% among men, according to the <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/jobs/rise-in-salaried-workers-women-fare-better-nso/articleshow/72217767.cms?from=mdr">Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) </a>released by the National Statistical Organisation (NSO). The overall share of salaried employees improved from 48.3% in 2018 to 50% in March 2019. However, the survey also says that unemployment is higher among women. The rate of unemployment in women dropped to 11.6% as against 12.8% in June last year. But it is yet to match that of men where unemployment rate is at 8.7%. <keyword id="2191211" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="gender-pay-gap">Gender pay gap</keyword> remains However, the pay gap remains an area of concern for the government and organisations. According to the<a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/gender-pay-gap-still-high-women-in-india-earn-19-per-cent-less-than-men-report/story/325378.html"> Monster Salary Index,</a> women earn 19% less than men in India. The online job search platform shows that the gender pay gap widens with higher skill level but exist all across. This could be one of the many reasons why women participation in the workforce is low. Even after five years, merely 22% of the females between the age bracket of 15-30 years are expected to enter the labour force, according to the <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/skills-study-over-next-5-years-just-1-in-5-entrants-to-labour-force-a-woman-6127848/">National Skills Development Corporation</a>. That means, of the 59 million people who enter the job market, only one in five will be women. Education Statistics Though fewer women are expected to work, there has been no change in women who are keen on an education. Female participation at the higher secondary level stood at 70.8% over the last decade. But this is changing as the skill levels increase. The share of women in engineering and management courses dropped in 2018, the survey highlighted. While the students enrolling in vocational courses rose by 3.9% in the last four years. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/unemployment-in-india-highest-among-urban-youth-says-government-data/articleshow/69631185.cms">Unemployment in India highest among urban youth, says government data</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/male-workforce-is-reportedly-shrinking-in-india-reveals-job-survey-by-nsso/articleshow/68498030.cms">Male workforce is reportedly shrinking in India, reveals job survey by NSSO</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/over-200-economists-academicians-ask-govt-to-release-nsso-data-reports/articleshow/72172989.cms">Over 200 economists, academicians ask govt to release NSSO data, reports</a>

You Searched For "labour participation in india" and got 8 results

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India would be US$550 billion richer if it just increased its share of women in the labor force by 10%

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More women are drawing salaries in India but the gender pay gap persists

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