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Workers in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, who use advanced digital skills like <keyword id="11929101" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="cloud" source="Orion">cloud</keyword> architecture or software development, are contributing an estimated $507.9 billion (Rs 10.9 trillion) to the country's annual gross domestic product (GDP), a report showed on Wednesday.<br /><br />This is attributed to the 92 per cent higher salaries that these workers earn compared to those with a similar education who do not use digital skills at work.<br /><br />About 80 per cent of organisations in India that employ workers with advanced digital skills report higher annual revenue growth, but 88 per cent of organisations are facing hiring issues, according to the report by Amazon Web Services (AWS) conducted by Gallup.<br /><br />The findings showed advanced digital workers in India are benefitting from more than just a boost in their income.<br /><br />About 91 per cent of workers who use advanced digital skills express higher job satisfaction, compared to 74 per cent of workers with intermediate skills and 70 per cent of workers with basic digital skills.<br /><br />"India has the opportunity to seize immense economic benefits from building a strong pipeline of cloud talent to support the country's ongoing digital transformation. AWS has trained more than four million people with basic, intermediate, and advanced cloud skills in India since 2017, and our work doesn't stop here," said <keyword id="989663" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="amit-mehta" source="Orion">Amit Mehta</keyword>, Head of Training and Certification, AWS India Pvt Ltd.<br /><br />The report found that 21 per cent of Indian organisations that run most of their business on the Cloud report a doubling of annual revenue or more, compared to 9 per cent of those that use the cloud for some or none of their business.<br /><br />Cloud-based organisations are also 15 percentage points more likely to have introduced a new or improved product within the last two years.<br /><br />With many organisations now preparing for the challenges of a digital future, the Gallup study looked at 10 emerging technologies including AI, edge and quantum computing, blockchain, and cryptocurrency.<br /><br />Around 92 per cent of employers in India said at least one of these technologies is likely to become a standard part of their future business operations, with 5G ranking the highest at 78 per cent.<br /><br />"This research shows that digital skills provide immense economic value to India at the individual, organisational, and macroeconomic level," said Dr <keyword id="5521204" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="jonathan-rothwell" source="Orion">Jonathan Rothwell</keyword>, Gallup principal economist.<br /><br />However, shortage of tech talent is a global phenomenon.<br /><br />"While it is good that India has the lowest tech talent demand-supply gap among the top tech locations, it is imperative for individuals and organisations to continue to invest in digital skills training," said <keyword id="1561490" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="kirti-seth" source="Orion">Kirti Seth</keyword>, CEO, Sector Skills Council, Nasscom.<br /><b><br /></b><b>SEE ALSO:<br /></b><strong><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/shark-tanks-anupam-mittal-calls-this-startups-wellness-offerings-a-sin/articleshow/98150903.cms">Shark Tank’s Anupam Mittal calls this startup’s wellness offerings ‘a sin’</a><br /></strong><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-watch-band-may-change-colour-based-on-your-outfit-in-future/articleshow/98152211.cms"><strong>Apple Watch band may change colour based on your outfit in future</strong></a><b><br /></b>

Indian workers with digital skills contributing $508 billion to country's GDP

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The pandemic hit lower-income Americans and Americans of color harder, both physically and financially.</li><li>New research illustrates yet again the disparate impact of the virus on different groups.</li></ul><p>COVID-19 has affected lives across the globe, but its impact isn't equally felt.</p><p>Two years of the pandemic have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-divergence-rich-and-poor-americans-inequality-k-shaped-recovery-2021-1">surfaced underlying inequities</a>. Childcare closures and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/top-democrats-biden-paid-leave-ease-labor-shortages-and-inflation-2021-12">lack of paid leave</a> have kept parents, especially mothers, from returning to work. Millions of workers found themselves <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-weekly-jobless-claims-labor-market-unemployment-filings-coronavirus-recession-2020-4">suddenly unemployed</a>, losing their income and navigating a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-states-unemployment-insurance-programs-ended-in-disaster-2020-9">labyrinth of unemployment claims</a>.</p><p>At the same time, the wealthiest Americans added <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-billionaires-add-21-trillion-to-fortunes-during-pandemic-2021-10">trillions to their fortunes</a>. The divide between who could work remotely and who had to keep working in-person — and face direct exposure to the virus — was stark.</p><p>Now, <a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00027162211062137">new research</a> from Brookings Institution researcher Ember Smith and Gallup economist Jonathan Rothwell offers a glimpse at just how uneven the physical and economic toll of COVID-19 has been. It's the latest data point that shows just how lower-income Americans, Americans of color, and Americans with lower educational attainment all bore a greater brunt of the pandemic's effects.</p><p>"In 2020, many vulnerable Americans were more likely to social distance or wear a mask," Smith wrote in an email to Insider. But they were "more likely to contract or die of COVID-19; more likely to face severe risk from contracting COVID-19, yet less able to work from home to avoid risk; more likely to work low-income jobs, yet more likely to lose them."</p><h2>Poorer Americans were more likely to get COVID-19, and suffered a greater financial hit</h2><p>The pandemic <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-divergence-rich-and-poor-americans-inequality-k-shaped-recovery-2021-1">exposed</a> a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/charts-why-us-economy-feels-bad-2019-8">two-track economy</a> that was already bubbling before 2020, where middle and high-income Americans were reaping the rewards of a booming <keyword id="11893570" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="economy" source="Orion">economy</keyword> and getting an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/charts-why-us-economy-feels-bad-2019-8#inequality-has-also-gotten-worse-in-the-us-in-the-last-several-decades-10">increasing share of the national income</a>.</p><p>Using zip-code-level COVID-19 case data, Smith and Rothwell find that lower-income Americans were more likely to live in areas that had higher COVID-19 infection rates — and deaths.</p><p>"A typical low-income worker (lowest income deciles) is four times more likely than a high-income worker (top decile) to work a job that requires close physical proximity," Smith said.</p><p>The Bureau of Labor Statistics <a href="https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2021/higher-paid-workers-more-likely-than-lower-paid-workers-to-have-paid-leave-benefits-in-2020.htm">found</a> that higher-paid workers were also more likely to have access to paid sick leave in 2020. </p><p>Smith and Rothwell find a similar dynamic between income level and how likely Americans were to lose income in the pandemic. The lower the household income, the higher the loss of income: 51.7% of households with incomes of under $25,000 saw income loss, compared to 25.7% of households that earn $200,000 or more. And the higher the income, the more likely it was that household could work remotely.</p><h2>Race and education also led to greater disparities</h2><p>The impact of race on COVID-19 outcomes isn't easily extricable from income or education, the researchers say — and that's because structural racism has a powerful impact on both. </p><p>In the US, white people have much more wealth than their peers of color, but the gap is especially large between <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/americans-underestimate-wealth-gap-between-white-and-black-people-yale-2020-7">white and Black people</a>. And that <keyword id="11930037" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="wealth-gap" source="Orion">wealth gap</keyword> has implications for the neighborhood one lives in, the schools they go to, and the jobs they have: factors that expose people to more economic and physical harm from COVID-19. </p><p>Black and Hispanic people are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/maps-show-how-black-hispanic-and-american-indian-children-stay-poor-2018-10">overrepresented</a> in the lowest income bracket. Workers with a high school diploma or less were also 56% more likely to lose income compared to workers with a graduate degree, and Black and Hispanic people are much <a href="https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/86981/who_goes_to_graduate_school_and_who_succeeds_1.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">less likely</a> than white Americans to have a master's degree or PhD.</p><p>And the same racial disparities exist when it comes to infection rates and fatalities.</p><p>That's because of the increased risk of exposure that people of color face: Black and Hispanic households tend to be more <a href="https://www.cbpp.org/sites/default/files/archive/11-21-06pov.pdf">crowded</a>, and Black and Hispanic people are overrepresented in <a href="https://www.epi.org/blog/black-and-hispanic-workers-are-much-less-likely-to-be-able-to-work-from-home/">service-sector jobs</a> that require more contact with others. They also experience worse <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2015/03/05/healthcare-black-latino-poor/?sh=456d8a597869">health care conditions</a>. </p><p>"Black and Hispanic Americans faced higher odds of contracting, being hospitalized from, or dying of COVID-19 in 2020, even though they were more likely to engage in preventative behaviors like social distancing or mask-wearing," Smith said. "Racial income gaps may account for a substantial portion of the difference in contracting or being hospitalized from COVID-19, but there are still sizable racial gaps in infection and severity, even among those in the same income group."</p><p>There are also racial disparities when it comes to Medicare and vaccine access, the paper says: white and Asian Americans over the age of 65 are more likely to be Medicare eligible, and experience lower hospitalization rates. They're also more likely to be vaccinated than their Black and Hispanic peers, with the researchers saying that <a href="https://tcf.org/content/report/racism-inequality-health-care-african-americans/?agreed=1">poor medical care</a> for people of color and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-medical-association-defines-racism-public-health-threat-coronavirus-2020-11">medical racism</a> are likely responsible. </p>

Lower-income Americans were twice as likely to lose pay because of COVID than more affluent people, and it shows how the pandemic revealed long-running inequities

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Given how much Donald Trump talks about jobs leaving America, you might think that his supporters lost out more than others. In fact, the opposite appears to be true, according to a <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2822059">recent analysis</a> from Gallup.</p><p>"No matter how you measure it, there's not any evidence that Trump supporters are more likely to have lost their job in the manufacturing sector," Gallup senior economist Jonathan Rothwell said in a call.</p><p><span></span>The study, which analyzed <span><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/who-are-trump-supporters-2016-10">how various factors predict voters' support for the Republican presidential nominee</a>,</span> linked living in a manufacturing-dominated area with a 1% lower probability of supporting Trump (after controlling for race, income, and other variables).</p><p>Living in a low-manufacturing area was linked to a 1% higher probability of supporting Trump.</p><p><span>"When I started this analysis, I expected the relationship to be the opposite because Trump has focused so much on criticizing trade competition with China and Mexico and other countries," Rothwell said.</span></p><p>The study also analyzed this trend in other ways. It found that living in an area dominated by manufacturing in 2000 was linked to an even stronger negative effect on Trump support. Living in an area with higher exposure to Chinese imports also correlated with slightly less Trump support. Living in an area that saw a rise in manufacturing employment from 2000 to 2007 was associated with a slight increase in Trump support.</p><p>People currently employed in manufacturing were more likely to support Trump, but other blue collar industries like construction, transportation, and installation and repair supported him even more, despite having no clear economic incentive.</p><p>"Those are all occupations that are not really affected by trade, or at least not negatively, or if anything they're more positively affected by trade," Rothwell said. "In the case of transportation, for example, they're moving goods that people bought from China or other countries from the ports to the middle of the country."</p><p>Why don't manufacturing regions prefer Trump? Rothwell chalks it up to the prominence of unions in low-tech manufacturing areas, which tend to align with Democrats, and the rise of high-tech manufacturing areas, which tend to be richer, more educated, and more liberal.</p><p>As for why Trump supporters care so much about trade:</p><p>"[T]he reasons for them not liking trade are probably not that they were disproportionately affected themselves," Rothwell said. "They might have another reason that they don't like trade.</p><p>Trump support was significantly stronger among whites, particularly those in less diverse areas with fewer college graduates and worse white health. That could have something to do with it.</p><p>"These findings suggest a need to better understand how even seemingly affluent voters may take extreme political views when their health status and the well-being of their children fail to meet their expectations," Rothwell wrote in the paper. "The results also suggest that housing and social integration can moderate extreme political beliefs."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-photobomb-bill-clinton-presidential-debate-2016-10">Watch Trump repeatedly photobomb Clinton during the debate</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="JocWJpNjE6fN4g131cTRZOXTNvxsY1pn" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

People who actually lost jobs to Mexico and China are less likely to support Trump

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/ Evan Vucci</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>There are clear demographic patterns in who does or doesn't like Donald Trump, according to <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2822059"><span>a recent analysis</span></a> from Gallup.</p><p>Some factors are obvious: men, whites, and Protestant Christians are much more likely to support Trump than average.</p><p><span>"Race, ethnicity, and religious categories are hugely predictive of one's view of Trump," Gallup senior economist Jonathan Rothwell wrote in the report.</span></p><p>Some factors are surprising: people with high exposure to manufacturing job loss are slightly less likely to support Trump.</p><p>"When I started this analysis, I expected the relationship to be the opposite because Trump has focused so much on criticizing trade competition with China and Mexico and other countries," Rothwell said in a call. "[Trump supporters] might not like trade, but the reasons for them not liking trade are probably not that they were disproportionately affected themselves."</p><p>Some factors are subtle: Trump support is higher in areas with fewer college graduates, less diversity, and worse white health.</p><p>"These findings suggest a need to better understand how even seemingly affluent voters may take extreme political views when their health status and the well-being of their children fail to meet their expectations," Rothwell wrote. "The results also suggest that housing and social integration can moderate extreme political beliefs."</p><p>You can see for yourself how different variables affect likelihood of supporting Trump. In the sample, taken from July 2015 through August 2016, 35% of respondents had a favorable view of Trump. The probability of any person supporting Trump went up or down when factoring in these variables:</p><p>Male: +14 percentage points<br />White: +9<br />Installation and repair workers: +9<br />Transportation workers: +7<br />Asian: +6<br />Veteran family: +6<br />Self-employed: +6<br />Manufacturing worker: +5<br />Sales worker: +4<br />Unemployed +4<br />High school diploma (max): +3<br />Less diverse area: +3<br />Less educated area: +3<br />Farmer: +3<br />Business owner: +3<br />Older: +3<br />Married: +2<br />Parent: +2<br />Richer: +2<br />Area with worse white health: +2<br />Area with fewer non-profits: +1<br />Area with less manufacturing: +1<br />Area with lower voting rate: +1<br />Less urban area: +1<br />Farther from Mexico: +1<br />Whiter area: +1<br />Less white area: -1<br />Closer to Mexico: -1<br />More urban area: -1<br /><span>Area with higher voting rate: -1</span><br />Area with more manufacturing: -1<br />Area with more non-profits: -1<br />Catholic: -1<br />Part-time worker: -1<br />Area with better white health: -2<br />Poorer: -2<br />Clerical worker: -2<br />Professional: -2<br />Younger: -3<br />No high school diploma: -3<br />More diverse area: -3<br />More educated area: -3<br />Union: -4<br />Mormon: -7<br />Bachelor's degree (max): -9<br />Jewish: -9<br />LGBTQ: -10<br />Atheist: -11<br />Female: -14<br />Post-grad degree: -16<br />Muslim: -16<br />Black: -19<br />Hispanic -20</p><p>Although it's hard to compare the importance of different variables, Rothwell says you can use them to make rough predictions. A college-educated black man would, based on those factors alone, have a 21% chance of supporting Trump (35 baseline + 14 - 19 - 9); add in other factors and that number could go higher or lower.</p><p>Note that non-binary variables like "richer" refer to a one standard deviation from average.</p><p>Rothwell also observed a telling trend about the economic anxiety of Trump supporters. 53% of Trump supporters worried about money, based on responses to several questions, compared to 46% of non-supporters. The same trend held true at every income level. Among households earning more than $200,000, 42% of Trump supporters worried about money compared to 30% of non-supporters.</p><p>People's opinions about Trump, of course, are still changing.</p><p>"After the debates and revelations about sexual misconduct, alleged, his support has fallen again to close to ...  something like 31 percentage points instead of 35," Rothwell said. "The male variable ... would probably go up a little bit, but some of the other factors would change to lower his overall support."</p><p>In the last published Gallup data, looking at late September, Hillary Clinton had a <a href="http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/195947/debate-record-amount-paying-attention-campaign.aspx?g_source=FAVORABILITY&amp;g_medium=topic&amp;g_campaign=tiles">41% favorability rating</a>. That's a big enough difference that the odds are strongly in her favor. Trump currently has only <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/upshot/presidential-polls-forecast.html?_r=0">a 7% chance</a> of winning the presidency, according to the New York Times election model.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/map-shows-how-religion-spread-around-the-world-2016-9">This animated map shows how religion spread across the world</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="F5aHR4dTob1y4-cHP5qNzXITGcq1vPVW" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

These factors predict how likely you are to support Donald Trump

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Everyday you sit down, put on your headphones and open your integrated developer environment. You stitch together libraries, collaborate with the design team and attempt to fix the inevitable bugs in your code.</p><p>You're a programmer. And the work you do is the engine behind this crazy, massive shift in the global economy and how people fundamentally interact with their computers. You're probably being paid fairly well, especially if you are in one of the tech hubs of the United States like San Francisco, New York, Seattle or Boston. But sometimes you wonder, like everybody does …</p><p>Am I being paid enough?</p><p>Analytics company, <a href="http://blog.startupcompass.co/how-much-should-you-pay-your-engineers" target="_blank">Compass, set out to determine how much programmers of various roles should be paid</a>, depending on various years of experience and expertise in programming language.</p><p>The top earners tend to work in native and backend programming languages or skill sets such as C++, Python, or as an Amazon Web Services administrator. More traditional Web-based skills like JavaScript, PHP or CSS (especially for design purposes) fell towards the lower run of the table.</p><p>The list of top programming languages was accumulated from Startup Compass users along with several other employee tracking databases including Payscale, AngelList, Glassdoor, Toptal, oDesk and Elance.</p><p>An important note on the list: it appears that the numbers are mean salaries for various roles and do not quite take into account the specific geography of the programming or engineer. The focus also tends to skew towards medium to small-sized startups (Compass's survey was of 421 startup executives) and also takes into account the amount of equity a programmer might expect for a specific job title.</p><p>For instance, the list does not break down how much an Objective-C programmer would make in San Francisco versus what one would make in Boston or Duluth, Minnesota. If you are a C++ developer with 10+ years of experience in a chief technology officer or vice president of engineering role in SoMa in San Francisco, you are likely making quite a bit more than the averages listed by Compass.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container alignnone  wp-image-1821"><div class="image"></div></div></p><p><span>The Compass list differs slightly from a </span><a href="http://qz.com/298635/these-programming-languages-will-earn-you-the-most-money/" target="_blank">study published by Quartz looking at data from Burning Glass with Jonathan Rothwell from the Brookings Institution</a><span>. In the Quartz study, Objective-C average salary ranges about $15,000 above C++ whereas the Compass list shows C++ to be the more valued skill. Both data points are a little bit of a misnomer; if you know Objective-C, you by definition should know a fair degree of C++ as well.</span></p><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container alignnone  wp-image-1822"><div class="image"></div></div></span></p><p> </p><p>As these are average salaries, it is important to note that 50% of actual wages will fall above or below the numbers listed. It is not unheard of for top end talent at director level or above (in any field, really, but engineering specifically) to make more of $180,000 at a large startup or small public company.</p><p>Take a look at the full infographic below. Do you agree with the salary ranges listed? What about the Compass's methodology? Let us know in the comments.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container   wp-image-1823 aligncenter"><div class="image"></div></div></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/inventor-auto-tune-music-kanye-west-t-pain-andy-hildebrand-2015-2">Here's the unlikely story of how auto-tune was created</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="hvOGE1czq9Y2lLOX0M4NZLaRu-dBP8ZI" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

You Searched For "jonathan rothwell" and got 5 results

Indian workers with digital skills contributing $508 billion to country's GDP

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Lower-income Americans were twice as likely to lose pay because of COVID than more affluent people, and it shows how the pandemic revealed long-running inequities

Juliana Kaplan,Jason Lalljee

People who actually lost jobs to Mexico and China are less likely to support Trump

Gus Lubin

These factors predict how likely you are to support Donald Trump

Gus Lubin

The programming and engineering skills with the highest salaries

Dan Rowinski, ARC from Applau…

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