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Even as climate models have indicated an increasing heatwave this summer for <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, people suffering from asthma, a respiratory disease, may be at significant risk, said experts here on World Asthma Day. World Asthma Day is an annual event observed on the first Tuesday of May, aimed at raising awareness about asthma, a chronic respiratory disease affecting millions worldwide. According to the <keyword id="43588" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="Orion">World Health Organization</keyword>, approximately 339 million people suffer from asthma globally, and the number is expected to rise to 400 million by 2025. "Heatwaves can be a challenging time for individuals with asthma, as extreme heat can worsen symptoms and trigger an asthma attack," Dr Nikhil Modi, Senior Consultant, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, told IANS. "The high temperatures and increased humidity can cause airways to become inflamed and constricted, making it difficult to breathe. This can lead to shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness," he added. Moreover, hot weather also increases the levels of air pollutants, such as ozone, which can further aggravate asthma symptoms. The global climate crisis is fuelling heat waves to become more frequent, intense and lethal in India. In 2022, India experienced its hottest April in 122 years and its hottest March on record. And it experienced extreme weather on 242 out of 273 days between January and October 2022, revealed a recent study by Cambridge University. The study also showed that about 90 per cent of India is in the "extremely cautious" or "danger" zone from heat wave impact and almost all of Delhi is particularly vulnerable to severe heat wave impacts. Meanwhile, the India Meteorological Department (IMD), last week, predicted above-average temperatures and heat waves until the end of May in the country. It said for states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Gangetic West Bengal, East Uttar Pradesh, coastal <keyword id="37102" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="andhra-pradesh" source="Orion">Andhra Pradesh</keyword>, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, and coastal Gujarat, heatwave days "will be more than usual". To combat the effects of heatwaves on asthma, it is essential to take precautionary measures to minimise exposure to triggers. Health experts suggested people with asthma to stay indoors during the hottest parts of the day, typically from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m., and avoid strenuous outdoor activities. "To stay protected, people with asthma should avoid exposure to extreme heat and humidity, stay hydrated, and keep your rescue inhaler with you at all times. Additionally, be sure to stay on top of your asthma management plan and regularly check in with your healthcare provider," <keyword id="16927023" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="ambarish-joshi" source="Orion">Ambarish Joshi</keyword>, Senior Consultant, <keyword id="4368953" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="pulmonary" source="Orion">Pulmonary</keyword> and Sleep Medicine, Primus Super Speciality Hospital, told IANS. When outside, individuals with asthma should wear a mask or scarf over their mouth and nose to reduce exposure to pollutants and warm, moist air. Avoid caffeinated and alcoholic beverages, the expert suggested. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/26-million-jobs-to-be-wiped-out-globally-by-2027-clerical-and-administrative-roles-on-more-risk/articleshow/99930222.cms">26 million jobs to be wiped out globally by 2027 – Clerical and administrative roles to see the biggest decline, says WEF’s Future of Work Report</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/after-us-bank-failures-agencies-directed-to-analyse-deposit-insurance-mechanism/articleshow/99928860.cms">After US bank failures, agencies directed to analyse deposit insurance mechanism</a>

Severe heatwave may trigger and worsen asthma, say experts

<ul><li>India has the second largest population of smokers in the world, despite which the Indian health ministry is calling for a ban on all Electronic <keyword id="54964" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="nicotine">Nicotine</keyword> Delivery Systems (ENDS).</li><li>Jharkhand, a state in eastern India, has become the first state to actually implement the ban. </li><li>The rationale behind the ban is that <keyword id="141209" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="e-cigarettes">e-cigarettes</keyword> do more harm than good by getting more people addicted to nicotine. </li><li>The ban will apply across the board on the sale, import, manufacture and advertising of e-cigarettes. </li></ul>The Indian government called for a ban on all Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) in August last year, but since it was only an advisory notice — individual states in the country didn’t necessarily have to abide by it. But the eastern Indian state of Jharkhand finally took the plunge and announced that it is banning the sale and usage of e-cigarettes. 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="&quot;E-cigarettes are the new method of nicotine use. It affects the embryos in pregnant woman. It also causes mental problem. The sale, distribution, advertisement, import and usage of e-cigarettes have been banned with immediate effect.&quot;" auname="Notification issued by the Jharkhand's health department"></div>





 That being said, prior to the government's advisory notice, bans were already in place across various Indian states including Karnataka, Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Punjab, Maharashtra, Mizoram, and Kerala. While some states have taken the route of banning ENDS under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, others have placed it in the Poisons Act of 1919. While the generally accepted notion is that electronic cigarettes are less harmful than normal cigarettes, the Indian government has taken a stand that these devices could potentially spark a new generation of smokers. Their take is that children and non-smokers are using these devices and could switch to smoking actual cigarettes once they’re addicted to nicotine. On that basis, the <keyword id="191419" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ministry-of-Health-and-Family-Welfare">Ministry of Health and Family Welfare</keyword> (MoHFW) has called for a ban on the sale and import of electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn (HNB) tobacco devices altogether. That means no local manufacturing, no retail sales, no imports and no advertising of any Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). E-cigarettes: Good or bad? India has one of the highest populations of smokers in the world. According to the World Health Organisation, there are nearly 106 million adult smokers in the country which makes India second only to China. While the non cancer-causing tobacco smoke is cut from the equation with e-cigarettes, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine <a href="http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2018/public-health-consequences-of-e-cigarettes.aspx">claim</a>, that’s about all they’re good for. The incidence of smoking may have dropped but vaping has increased and the crux of the issue lies in the many unknowns associated with the phenomenon. When cigarettes first made an appearance, their adverse effects, which are rather obvious now, took a few years to come into the light. And even though e-cigarettes don’t burn tobacco, they still <a href="https://www.nap.edu/read/24952/chapter/2">contain and emit</a> potentially toxic substances. On the other hand, experts argue that while nicotine in itself is undoubtedly addictive, its actual effects could be as harmless as <keyword id="23086" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Caffeine">caffeine</keyword>. Mike Russel, a British psychiatrist, very aptly said, ‘Smoke for the nicotine but die from the tar.’ India’s rules and regulations are already so lax that underage individuals have no problems obtaining normal cigarettes, making access to e-cigarettes even easier. The US is already engaged in its own battle against the Juul, an e-cigarette that looks like a USB drive and contains nicotine equivalent to one pack of cigarettes. With its soaring popularity and easy access to underage kids, the brand is used a verb as ‘juuling’ instead of ‘vaping’. The announcement comes at a time when <keyword id="152138" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Philip-Morris-International">Philip Morris International</keyword>, known for their Marlboro cigarettes, was going to launch their iQOS smoking devices in the country. The iQOS devices produce a nicotine-containing vapour rather than actually burning tobacco, pegging them as a ‘reduced risk’ product.

Jharkhand becomes the first state to implement ban on e-cigarettes after government advisory notice in India

Amid an increase in the number of measles cases, the Centre has asked states to consider administering an additional dose of measles and <keyword id="6702974" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="rubella" source="Orion">rubella</keyword> vaccines to all children aged nine months to five years, in vulnerable areas. Recently, increased numbers of measles cases were reported from certain districts of Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Kerala and <keyword id="13126" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="maharashtra" source="Orion">Maharashtra</keyword>. Areas under the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) and some other districts in Maharashtra have reported a rapid rise in infections and around 10 mortalities caused by the measles virus. In a letter to the Principal Health Secretary of Maharashtra that was also marked to all states and Union territories, the <keyword id="46535" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="health-ministry" source="Orion">Health Ministry</keyword> said this surge is of particular concern from the public health point of view. "It is also clear that in all such geographies, the affected children were predominantly unvaccinated and the average coverage of Measles and Rubella Containing Vaccine (MRCV) among the eligible beneficiaries is also significantly below the national average," Health Ministry Joint Secretary P <keyword id="1823797" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="ashok-babu" source="Orion">Ashok Babu</keyword> said. In this context, he said a meeting of domain experts chaired by a member (health), NITI Aayog, was held on Wednesday. Based on inputs received from the meeting, the Centre said states and UTs are advised to consider administering an additional dose to all children of nine months to five years in vulnerable areas. "This dose would be in addition to the primary vaccination schedule of first dose at nine-12 months and second dose at 16-24 months," he said. The vulnerable areas are to be identified by the state government and UT administration in "Outbreak Response Immunisation" (ORI) mode. A dose of MRCV is to be administered to all children aged six months and up to less than nine months in those areas where measles cases in the age group of less than nine months are above 10 per cent of the total cases, he said. "Since this dose of MRCV is being given to this cohort in "Outbreak Response Immunisation" (ORI) mode, these children should also be covered by first and second dose of MRCV according to the primary (routine) Measles and Rubella vaccination schedule," he said. As the disease is known to witness a surge in cases of numbers from November to March, annually, the health ministry said an active fever and rash surveillance mechanism needs to be strengthened for early case identification. "Head count survey of all children aged six months to five years must be undertaken in the vulnerable outbreak areas to facilitate full MRCV coverage in an accelerated manner. The institutionalised mechanism of District Task Force on immunisation under the leadership of the district collector must be activated to review the measles situation on a daily and weekly basis and plan the response activities accordingly," he said. The disease is known to be fatal among children with moderate and severe malnourishment, he said, underlining that as part of the case identification and management, house-to-house search activities to identify such vulnerable children and provide pre-emptive care with nutritional and Vitamin A supplementation is also necessary. The Health Ministry said immediate isolation of laboratory-confirmed cases must be done for at least seven days from the date of identification. The Centre also asked Maharashtra to earmark wards and beds for effective caseload management of measles in dedicated health facilities for timely transfer and treatment of such children. The Centre has also deployed high-level teams to Ranchi (Jharkhand), Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Malappuram (Kerala) to assess and manage the increase in the number of measles cases among children there. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/fugitive-diamantaire-nirav-modi-seeks-permission-to-appeal-against-his-extradition-in-uk-top-court/articleshow/95729459.cms">Fugitive diamantaire Nirav Modi seeks permission to appeal against his extradition in UK top court</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/tata-consumer-keystone-realtors-biocon-among-stocks-to-watch-out-for-on-november-24/articleshow/95729263.cms">Indian markets open higher on indications of US Fed slowing interest rate hikes – Tata Consumer, Keystone Realtors, Biocon in focus</a>

Administer one additional dose of measles, rubella vaccines to children in vulnerable areas: Centre to states

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Severe heatwave may trigger and worsen asthma, say experts

IANS

Jharkhand becomes the first state to implement ban on e-cigarettes after government advisory notice in India

Prabhjote Gill

Administer one additional dose of measles, rubella vaccines to children in vulnerable areas: Centre to states

PTI

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