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The world loves jargon. In this case, it’s the latest one and much touted new kid on the block in the lending segment -- ‘Buy Now Pay Later’ (<keyword id="9522245" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="bnpl" source="Orion">BNPL</keyword>). It sure is not a coincidence that almost every Indian business media has written about this topic in the past few weeks, accelerated by the PR [public relations] blitzkrieg of the lending players, and some of their (potential) advertising spends being a motivator too. Is BNPL much ado about nothing ? Is this lending practice contemporary or is it just the newly coined terminology ? Isn’t the practice the same as the credit system we saw even as early as a few decades ago; the one that our old-fashioned uneducated mom-n-pop kirana store owner gave us as an option -- to buy through the month, and pay as a lump sum later in the subsequent month? His cost of such funding-the-customer was built into expenses (from his sales margins). He did not have any calculator or computer to store CRM [customer relationship management] or any customer database. The only cloud he knew and that existed then was the one above in the skies. There were not even landlines available (easily), let alone the PoS [point of sale] solutions. And more importantly, his customers rarely defaulted in repayments. So why is this sudden chatter about BNPL now? Why is so much private-capital chasing fintech BNPL players globally? Why are the banks, which loved their own credit cards, suddenly pushing for BNPL products too? Why is merchant acquisition becoming the hottest skill in the financial services sector? For a country with over 1.3 billion population, there are only 30 million unique credit card holders in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> (about 3% of total banked population). This huge gap is the actual business opportunity to provide BNPL solutions for various consumer segments. More importantly, the younger consumers seem to prefer BNPL, instead of credit cards (their high interest charges are seen as a deterrent). It’s then no-guess why apart from the purely digitally-led fintech players in India, traditional banks too have entered this vertical. The success of BNPL in the Indian context can be attributed to the fact that it offers formal credit in an easy-to-access way. It is also known as point-of-sale loans. In general, the retailer/merchant pays the BNPL provider a low single-digit percentage of the transaction value. This is equally a product promotion push to increase revenues. The banks and highly-funded fintechs have an advantage with cost of funding, while the banks have that historic funding-cost-advantage, techfins and fintechs (which have large capital to sign off) use the might of their large capital to acquire consumers; and to change consumer behaviour over a long period of time, by using their capital, even if debt markets are as shallow and as conflicted as our market (structurally in absence of deep domestic debt market, banks being a large proportion lender as well as provider of debt to non-banks is the conflict of interest). Hopefully the regulator would indicate their view on this subject, just to align the industry players in terms of regulatory thinking, before this segment grows fast, so that any business model steering could be done by the industry in time, saving precious capital, consumption trends and regulatory worries, if any. Can BNPL be inclusive ? With more keypad literate Indians than literate Indians now, wide availability of mobile services along the length and breadth of the country and lower-priced internet access, digital finance has never looked better before. The pioneering efforts by India with its <keyword id="6367533" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="jam" source="Orion">JAM</keyword> trinity [JanDhan-Aadhaar-Mobile] to bring banking access with secured identity and digital to every citizen is a global first. The initiatives such as ‘Digital India’, ‘Make in India’, ‘Startup India’ have inspired many youngsters to develop innovative ideas to solve real-life-consumer-issues. The basics of financial inclusion is to make sure that the consumers have access and choice of products that suit their needs. The brick and mortar distribution of conventional finance has not reached the nook and corner of the country. Digital channels have started making access to finance, especially credit, as easy as searching for something on Google and language no bar. The COVID lockdown fast-paced the digital adoption in almost all consumer segments, including those who were not digitally-led before. Online banking, app usage, and online commerce increased at a rapid pace. Many of these consumer behaviour would have become a habit and won’t make consumers go back to non-digital pre-covid behaviour. All these also helped in the BNPL growth in the past few months, spurred by a plethora of merchant offers across product categories. The larger opportunity set could be using BNPL products for livelihood-enhancing business-productivity needs. This could mean looking at business users like the gig economy and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) stakeholders. Will we see lending players offering BNPL to <keyword id="12386350" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sme-/-msme-/-psl" source="Orion">SME / MSME / PSL</keyword> segments with a win-win proposition ? It is only about “ity”s If extending credit is filtered on the basis of consumption, the risk parameters and its consequent lending would differ. Consumption itself is not a bad aspect. Responsible consumption is an ideal expectation from lenders. But lenders can’t judge consumer behaviour, but can very well decide if they want to lend to such consumers’ consumption patterns. <ul><li>Vanity consumption : Financing done for products bought or services used to give instant gratification. (Eg: Botox facial uplift treatment, bridal makeup. ) The challenge for this category of purchase is that the end-use is for “wants” and not “needs”. Absolute critics would even call it “unwanted wants”! </li><li>Sanity consumption : Financing done for products or service acquisition now, by customers who anyways have that affordability-capability but using it more for cash-flow management. (Eg: Consumer electronics, holidays, etc.) While these purchases using BNPL could be well within the budget of the buyer, studies have shown that the objectivity to stick to a financial wellness goal could be shaken, if the BNPL offers are tempting enough to buy yet another product or service. It would be beneficial for the industry at large to come together to build-in the concept of financial wellness assistance for its users. This would help the users conform to their financial plan and not to have any undue credit exposure that hurts their credit scores. And such hand-holding would go a long way in building consumer trust and to reposition BNPL as a safe practice. </li><li>Reality consumption : Anything that can add value to the real economy borrowers, be it for individuals or businesses, and done with responsible finance framework and responsible-credit behaviour would be long-term positive-trust-accretion to the overall industry. (Eg: business or livelihood enhancement loans) </li></ul>Not eating itself for lunch While BNPL surely is the flavour of the season, rational product development and prudent growth would build consumer trust. Valuations alone can’t drive up consumer trust, while they might drive up short-term public hype. Industry players have to build a profitable business model and sustainable service delivery (expectations), as they launch and/or scale BNPL products. If lending is driven well with adequate technology to understand risks, coupled with relevant merchant-partnerships on-the-ground, this can be a good source of financing for the consumers. Reckless lending through BNPL just to grow the AUM [assets under management] or to showcase the business pass-through that could drive-up potential valuations, will ensure that at some point that music will stop. Then that silence will be eerie. With so many conversations and coverage, hopefully BNPL should not become the next four-letter foul-word in the financial world. The better 4-letter-words that the financial sector does well to remember: “Lend”, “tech”, “risk”, “care”. If the industry does not offer improved socio-economic impact with BNPL, it might as well be called ‘Banal Nouveau Product (for) Lending’. After all, there is no free lunch. Someone has to pay for it! SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/tech-mahindras-attrition-rate-is-nearly-twice-that-of-tcs/articleshow/87259727.cms">Tech Mahindra's attrition rate is nearly twice that of TCS</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/investment/news/all-bitcoin-price-estimates-for-2021/articleshow/87259108.cms">Bitcoin’s rally is far from over — these analysts are betting on the world’s largest cryptocurrency to more than double in value by the end of year</a>

OPINION: The next four-letter word taking the world of finance by storm

New Delhi, Jan 31 () India is making rapid strides in electronics production and has emerged as the second largest mobile phone manufacturing hub globally, President Ram Nath Kovind said on Friday.
Addressing a joint sitting of both Houses of Parliament, Kovind said the value of electronic equipment manufactured in the country has increased to Rs 4.58 lakh crore in 2018-19 from Rs 1.90 lakh crore in 2014-15.
"In 2014, there were only two companies manufacturing mobiles in India. Today, India is the second largest mobile manufacturing hub in the world," he said.
He noted that the government is promoting manufacturing of mobile phones, TVs and other electronic devices, and National Policy on Electronics has been formulated in this regard.
Over the last few years, the government has been bullish on making India a manufacturing base for the world and has set a target to promote domestic manufacturing in the entire value-chain of ESDM (electronic system design and manufacturing) to achieve a turnover of USD 400 billion (Rs 26 lakh crore) by 2025.
For mobile handset segment alone, the government, under the National Policy on Electronics 2019, had set a target of making 100 crore mobile handsets indigenously by 2025, valued at about Rs 13 lakh crore. 
Out of the 100-crore mobile handset manufacturing target, 60 crore units will be for exports valued at about Rs 7 lakh crore.
According to industry body Indian Cellular and Electronics Association (ICEA), mobile handset exports grew over eight-fold to Rs 11,200 crore in 2018-19 and exceeded imports for the first time.
The President, in his address on Friday, said technology is playing a major role in bringing cities and villages closer. 
"So far, more than 1.25 lakh Gram Panchayats have been connected with high speed broadband under the BharatNet scheme," he said.
In 2014, there were 60,000 Common Service Centres in rural areas, a number that has now increased to more than 3.65 lakh.
"This has provided employment to more than 12 lakh villagers. Through these centres, the government is delivering more than 45 services in rural areas," he said.
Asserting that digital technology is the foundation of the Industrial Revolution 'Industry 4.0', he said the government has focussed on digital access, digital inclusion and digital empowerment in an "unparalleled manner" through the Digital India Programme.
"It is a matter of pride for the country that digital systems developed in India during the last five years have been a source of inspiration for several countries of the world," he said.
Kovind said more than 121 crore people in the country have Aadhaar cards and about 60 crore people possess RuPay cards.
"A record value of Rs 2 lakh crore has been transacted through UPI in December 2019," he said adding the government has also launched a new version of the BHIM App.
The government has linked about 450 schemes to Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) by using the 'JAM Trinity' of Jan-Dhan, Aadhaar and Mobile. 
He said over Rs 9 lakh crore has been directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries through DBT in the last five years. 
"By plugging the leakages, my Government has saved about Rs 1.70 lakh crore from going into the wrong hands," he added. SR PRS MBI ANU

India second largest mobile manufacturing hub globally: Kovind

'Moderation in India's growth coincides with global situation'New Delhi, Feb 10 () The moderation in India's growthcoincides with a deceleration in growth of global output andthe IMF has projected the country's GDP growth to pick up to5.8 per cent in 2020, Union Minister Anurag Thakur said in LokSabha.Thakur said India's growth trajectory over the period2014-15 to 2018-19 is characterised by macroeconomic stabilitywith real GDP growth averaging 7.4 per cent."The moderation in India's growth coincides with adeceleration in growth of global output, as estimated by theIMF, in recent years," he said replying a question of CongressMP Abdul Khaleque and TMC's Saugata Roy during Question Hour.Thakur, union minister of state for finance, said the IMFhas projected India's GDP growth to pick up to 5.8 per cent in2020.The economic survey 2019-20 has also projected a pick-upin India's growth in the range of 6.0 per cent to 6.5 per centin 2020-21.The RBI's sixth bi-monthly monetary policy statement,2019-20 has also projected GDP growth of 6.0 per cent for2020-21.Thakur said as per the National Statistical Office'sfirst advance estimates of national income, 2019-20, India'sreal GDP is estimated to grow at 5.0 per cent in 2019-20.He said the World Economic Outlook Update (January 2020)published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has revisedIndia's GDP growth rate to 4.8 per cent in 2019.This revision in growth may not cause any stress in theNon-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) sector as NBFCs arewell capitalised, he said.The minister said the government has implemented severalmajor structural reforms in recent years to bolster investmentand growth.These include Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) tostrengthen the financial system, Goods and Services Tax (GST)to simplify the indirect taxation regime, Make-in-Indiaprogramme to boost domestic manufacturing capacity,liberalisation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and JanDhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) Trinity towards greatertransparency, efficiency and financial inclusion, he said.Thakur also said recently, the corporate tax rate hasbeen cut to 15 per cent for new domestic manufacturingcompanies, which is amongst the lowest in the world.In December 2019, he said, the government has announcedthe Rs 103 lakh crore National Infrastructure Pipeline whichwould significantly boost infrastructure and spur growthimpulses in the economy. ACBDV DV

LS-FINANCE

By Yoshita Singh United Nations, Jul 13 () India's response to the COVID-19 pandemic, articulated through Prime Minister Narendra Modi's vision of an "Aatma Nirbhar Bharat", does not imply a "self-sufficient or isolationist" India and the country remains supportive of the multilateral global economic order, as challenges presented by the pandemic can only be addressed through multilateralism and global solidarity, NITI Aayog Vice Chairman Rajiv Kumar said. India presented its 2nd Voluntary National Review (VNR) on Sustainable Development Goals at a virtual session of the High-Level Political Forum here on Monday. Presenting India's VNR, Kumar said the Indian government's response to the pandemic has been articulated through Modi's vision of an "Aatma Nirbhar Bharat" or a self-reliant India. "This is in no sense implying a self-sufficient or an isolationist India. On the other hand, we remain supportive of the multilateral global economic order, whose robust, resilient and rapid response capabilities to major disruptions is established beyond doubt," Kumar said in his address to the High-Level Political Forum. Kumar was accompanied by Adviser in the NITI Aayog, Sanyukta Samaddar during the VNR presentation. He stressed that the COVID-19 pandemic has thrown up multiple new challenges for countries. "All member countries are also faced with several pressing challenges, including climate change, the scourge of dehumanising poverty, human trafficking and natural disasters. These can be successfully addressed only and only through multilateralism and global solidarity," he said. Underscoring that the virus does not recognise any distinctions, Kumar emphasised that "we should all obliterate all divisions and distinctions amongst us, and come together to try and convert the prevailing situation into an opportunity for accelerating our progress towards achieving the SDG targets." Kumar said that India's responses to COVID-19-induced economic downturn has been operationalised through a stimulus package of USD 276 billion, which is 10 per cent of India's GDP and includes several reform and relief measures across sectors to protect lives and livelihoods. "No doubt challenges remain. We are committed to addressing them effectively and expeditiously. Our 2nd VNR highlights many of those good practices that have worked in the most challenging regions of our country. These examples can provide a basis for mutual learning amongst countries. The role of international cooperation is more critical than ever before," he said. Referring to Modi's articulation that "people, planet and profits are interlinked", Kumar said nations have to "earnestly" focus on the triple bottom line of optimising financial, social and ecological returns in whatever they do. "We have to continuously strive for doing well by doing good. It can be done," he said. Outlining the significant progress made by India towards the SDGs and Agenda 2030 through various flagship and ambitious programmes and initiatives, Kumar said the country has been able to lift 270 million people from multi-dimensional poverty, the law on the Right to Education promises education for all and the Prime Minister's housing programme promises a roof over every head by 2025 and piped water to every home. He added that electricity has already reached all of India's villages and 80 million households have access to clean fuel, 110 million toilets have been built, 385 million new bank accounts have been opened and the government launched the world's largest health insurance programme 'Ayushman Bharat' that covers 500 million citizens. The JAM Trinity (Jan-Dhan, Aadhaar and Mobile) has enabled the government to shift all the beneficiaries in nearly 480 schemes for direct benefit transfers. "Given our extensive diversity, regional priorities and … plurality, we have had to localise the SDGs. One size simply does not fit all the people," Kumar said, adding that the government is actively partnering with state governments and union territories for vertical and horizontal policy coherence for achieving SDG targets. Kumar told the high-level forum that India's 2nd VNR preparation process has been "truly participatory" and included consultation with businesses, civil society organisations, academia, think tanks, professionals and startups. "It is indeed a whole of society endeavour," he said. The NITI Aayog partnered with civil society organisations for a consultative process that saw more than 50 national and sub-national consultations led by civil society organisations from 14 population groups. Kumar also highlighted India's leadership in the International Solar Alliance and The Coalition for Disaster Resilience Infrastructure, UN Convention to Combat Desertification and the Paris Climate Agreement. Further, during the COVID-19 crisis, India has extended humanitarian relief and supplied essential drugs over 80 countries across the world. "We may be far off from each other physically but we remain connected… The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions to our plans and timelines. Therefore, we have to double and triple our efforts for achieving the Agenda 2030," he said. YAS RS RS

COVID-19 challenges can be addressed only through multilateralism, global solidarity: India at UN

Among the most ambitious projects that have enjoyed great attention by Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword>, national mission for financial inclusion tops the list. 
 
The report relating to this project prepared by USAID -- titled ‘Beyond Cash’- was released recently highlights the current behaviors and perceptions of digital payments in low-income communities in India, and suggests ideas on how policy makers can accelerate the adoption of digital payments in the country. The study was conducted by strategic advisory firm Dalberg in six locations across four states. 
 Indicating the potential of inclusive digital economy, the report carried most intricate data pertaining to the avenues that <keyword id="1929810" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Digital-India">digital India</keyword> can take to make the project a huge success. 
 
The data indicates that across India 97 percent of retail transactions are conducted in cash or cheque. Surprisingly, only 29% of bank accounts in India have been used in the last three months, only 6 percent of merchants accept digital payments, and just over 10 percent of consumers have used a debit card for payments in the last year. 
 
Schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana, supported by the Aadhaar; India has already made some important strides into the area. Add to this, one billion mobile phone connections and you will see universal financial inclusion taking stronghold in the country. However, the use of digital payments in the country remains limited and this needs to be addressed. 
 Digital payments can help consumers and merchants spend their money more safely and securely, save and build credit profiles for lending opportunities unavailable in the informal banking sector, and participate in a growing online economy. According to the <keyword id="6354424" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="World-Bank">World Bank</keyword>, India could save approximately one percent of its GDP annually by digitizing cash-based subsidies alone. 
 
The report Beyond Cash suggests a few ideas to drive greater consumer and merchant adoption and use of digital payments. These ideas include: 
 
• Create opportunities for consumers to make digital contributions to micro-savings products. 
• Incentivize current users to deepen use and bring other consumers onboard. 
• Enable merchants to try digital payments at low or no cost. 
• Digitize retailer-to-supplier payments. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Matthew Homer, a Senior Policy Advisor on Digital Finance at the United States Agency of International Development (USAID), lays open the potential, the challenges, solutions and way ahead for universal inclusive digital economy for India. 
 
BI: What are the solutions that India can focus on - both short term and long term (considering the majority low income demography and poverty)? Essentially how would you rate government's efforts and what are the necessary suggestions? 
 
Matthew: India is making tremendous progress with regard to financial inclusion. Aadhaar has created an enabling environment in which PMJDY and digital direct benefit transfers (DBTs) can take hold. These are important foundational elements of India’s journey to widespread and meaningful financial inclusion. Another critical element on this journey is to ensure that all Indians have the opportunity to actively participate in India’s growing digital economy. Very few merchants in India currently accept digital forms of payment, and those who do are unlikely to serve poor consumers. Solving this is a critical piece of the financial inclusion puzzle. As more and more low-income consumers are obtaining accounts, and DBTs are flowing into those accounts, being able to make active use of these accounts requires greater merchant acceptance of digital payments. 
 Finding ways to increase usage of digital payments between merchants and consumers is an important short- and medium-term step toward a more inclusive and active digital economy that extends across society, including to low-income demographics. In the long-run, sustaining focus on this issue will be critical for both the government and the private sector. It’s important that the private sector sees a long-term opportunity to viably and responsibly meet the <keyword id="6354241" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Financial-Services">financial services</keyword> needs of the poor, by designing, testing, and scaling business models that increase use of digital payments wherever consumers shop. 
 
 
 
 
BI: In a country like India the major problems are reaching out to public, low income and the necessary digital infrastructure to support the initiatives of financial inclusion. How do you see that? 
 
Matthew: With one billion mobile phone connections in India, mobiles have the potential to be one of the most effective channels for delivering critical services to the public, particularly low-income and underserved communities. However, without effective and widespread digital infrastructure, it will impossible to achieve deeper financial and economic inclusion for all of India’s citizens. The public and private sectors both have a role to play in building this infrastructure, and we have seen important public sector investments in payment systems and other critical digital infrastructure. To effectively meet the last-mile access needs of low-income and rural populations, significant private sector leadership is needed. For example, building a digital payment network that reaches all of India’s merchants can’t be accomplished without compelling business models that are attractive to merchants, consumers, and other other private sector stakeholders. This is one of the goals of the Partnership we’ve organized with the Ministry of Finance, one which includes nearly 40 private sector member organizations. 
 
 
 
BI: What can India do to achieve next level of economic gains through digital? World is already watching India and its economic outlook with great optimism but problems and challenges are plenty. How tech can help achieve the dynamism India is looking for? 
 
Matthew: Transitioning from cash to a less-cash digital economy won’t happen overnight. Digital infrastructure, like digital payment networks at point-of-sale, is an important enabler. But just as important is creating incentives for this shift to happen. Enabling must be coupled with incentivizing. Technology and innovation can have a huge impact, especially when they are accompanied by effective policy incentives and business models that reach low-income populations. Among population segments that are generally unaware of these tools, targeted marketing that appeals to the needs and wants of specific population segments can also be essential. 
 
BI: Many people are under extreme poverty and many are struggling for basic financial necessities. What could be done through digital tech based on the ideas and findings of the report? How to catalyze India's digital growth and what impact it would have globally? 
 
Matthew: Digital finance tools such as digital payments can help alleviate poverty in a number of ways. This can include, for example, enabling low-income consumers to store and save their money more safely and securely, reducing the amount of time needed to travel to obtain or cash a check, improving ability to handle emergencies, and developing a digital transaction history that can be used to provide access to additional financial services such as credit. Importantly, digital payments also enable consumers to participate in the growing online and digital economy. 
 
Our research is intended to help us better understand the financial behaviors and perceptions of consumers and merchants when it comes to making payments digitally. The report, <a href="https://www.globalinnovationexchange.org/beyond-cash">Beyond Cash</a>, uses quantitative and qualitative research methods to answer that question and identify potential actions that can lead to widely-used digital payment networks, particularly among low-income populations. The report also includes a rich dataset that is available for public use. As we think about extending digital payment networks to the poor, the research provides some insight about how to move forward. 
● First, to increase the number of merchants who accept digital payments we must focus on creating incentives for consumers to pay electronically. Our research indicates that merchants are much more willing to accept digital payments if their customers demand it. 
● Second, early adopters should be incentivized to sign up others and the cost of trying digital payments should be as easy and inexpensive as possible for both merchants and consumers. Merchants report that even if they would like to try accepting digital payments the cost of trialing is too high. 
● Third, digital payments should focus on mimicking what consumers and merchants like about paper payment instruments (e.g. cash or check) while also solving for clear pain-points they experience in the cash economy. (The research identifies a number of pain points and suggests a variety of responses). 
● Fourth, and to me this is the most important factor, digital payments must connect merchants and consumers with something more valuable than any digital transaction itself. For merchants, this may be the ability to reach new market segments or have access to better inventory management tools. And for consumers this could include being able to participate in the online economy or being able to more quickly pay and board a bus without exact change. 
 
Engaging all Indians in the digital economy would benefit not only individuals themselves, but the Indian economy too. And as India identifies opportunities to lift the poor out of poverty using the digital economy, these learnings will be of keen interest across other markets as well. 
 
BI: Digital divide, how to overcome this main problem? 
 
Matthew: While our research doesn’t examine this larger question, it does point to the importance of designing financial services and products with a variety of users in mind. This means, for example, better understanding the use cases that appeal most to digitally marginalized populations and creating targeted outreach efforts that highlight those use cases. I think it also suggests the need to think out-of-the-box with regard to business models that meet the needs of un- or underserved consumers. Business models that work elsewhere or with other population segments may not work for these populations and we may need to try entirely new approaches. This is really what our Partnership is all about, and we’re focused on using the research we’ve conducted to now to test a variety of business models to find out what really works.

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OPINION: The next four-letter word taking the world of finance by storm

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India second largest mobile manufacturing hub globally: Kovind

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