Billionaire Dan Gilbert has already bet $5.6 billion on Detroit's future, but money can't solve his biggest challenge

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5395bd18eab8ead20de61437-1200-600/neil-patrick-harris-tony-awards-3.png" border="0" alt="Neil Patrick Harris Tony Awards" />Theo Wargo/Getty Images</div></div></div>The 68th annual Tony Awards aired live on Sunday on CBS, celebrating the best of Broadway. 
TV stars Bryan Crantson and Neil Patrick won their first stage awards, while Audra McDonald had a record-breaking sixth win for "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar and Grill."
Cranston's "All the Way" won for best play, while "A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder" received the award for best musical. 
See who else took home the top awards below (<a href="http://variety.com/2014/legit/news/tony-award-winners-2014-tonys-winner-list-1201215961/" target="_blank">via Variety</a>):
Best Play "Act One" "All the Way" "Casa Valentine" "Mothers and Sons" "Outside Mullingar"
Best Musical "After Midnight" "Aladdin" "Beautiful - The Carole King Musical" "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder"
Best Revival of a Play "The Cripple of Inishmaan" "The Glass Menagerie" "A Raisin in the Sun" "Twelfth Night"
Best Revival of a Musical "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" "Les Misérables" "Violet"
Best Book of a Musical "Aladdin" "Beautiful - The Carole King Musical" "Bullets Over Broadway" "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder"
Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre "Aladdin" "The Bridges of Madison County" "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder" "If/Then"
Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play Samuel Barnett, "Twelfth Night" Bryan Cranston, "All the Way" Mark Rylance, "Richard III" Chris O'Dowd, "Of Mice and Men" Tony Shalhoub, "Act One"
Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play Tyne Daly, "Mothers and Sons" LaTanya Richardson Jackson, "A Raisin in the Sun" Cherry Jones, "The Glass Menagerie" Audra McDonald, "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar &amp; Grill" Estelle Parsons, "The Velocity of Autumn"<a href="http://variety.com/2014/legit/news/tony-awards-red-carpet-1201216091/"> </a>
Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical Neil Patrick Harris, "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" Ramin Karimloo, "Les Misérables" Andy Karl, "Rocky" Jefferson Mays, "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder" Bryce Pinkham, "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder"
Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical Mary Bridget Davies, "A Night With Janis Joplin" Sutton Foster, "Violet" Idina Menzel, "If/Then" Jessie Mueller, "Beautiful - The Carole King Musical" Kelli O'Hara, "The Bridges of Madison County"
Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Play Reed Birney, "Casa Valentina" Paul Chahidi, "Twelfth Night" Stephen Fry, "Twelfth Night" Mark Rylance, "Twelfth Night" Brian J. Smith, "The Glass Menagerie"
Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Play Sarah Greene, "The Cripple of Inishmaan" Celia Keenan-Bolger, "The Glass Menagerie" Sophie Okonedo, "A Raisin in the Sun" Anika Noni Rose, "A Raisin in the Sun" Mare Winningham, "Casa Valentina"
Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical Danny Burstein, "Cabaret" Nick Cordero, "Bullets Over Broadway" Joshua Henry, "Violet" James Monroe Iglehart, "Aladdin" Jarrod Spector, "Beautiful - The Carole King Musical"
Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical Linda Emond, "Cabaret" Lena Hall, "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" Anika Larsen, "Beautiful - The Carole King Musical" Adriane Lenox, "After Midnight" Lauren Worsham, "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder"
Best Scenic Design of a Play Beowulf Boritt, "Act One" Bob Crowley, "The Glass Menagerie" Es Devlin, "Machinal" Christopher Oram, "The Cripple of Inishmaan"
Best Scenic Design of a Musical Christopher Barreca, "Rocky" Julian Crouch, "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" Alexander Dodge, "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder" Santo Loquasto, "Bullets Over Broadway"
Best Costume Design of a Play Jane Greenwood, "Act One" Michael Krass, "Machinal" Rita Ryack, "Casa Valentina" Jenny Tiramani, "Twelfth Night"
Best Costume Design of a Musical Linda Cho, "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder" William Ivey Long, "Bullets Over Broadway" Arianne Phillips, "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" Isabel Toledo, "After Midnight"
Best Lighting Design of a Play Paule Constable, "The Cripple of Inishmaan" Jane Cox, "Machinal" Natasha Katz, "The Glass Menagerie" Japhy Weideman, "Of Mice and Men"
Best Lighting Design of a Musical Kevin Adams, "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" Christopher Akerlind, "Rocky" Howell Binkley, "After Midnight" Donald Holder, "The Bridges of Madison County"
Best Sound Design of a Play Alex Baranowski, "The Cripple of Inishmaan" Steve Canyon Kennedy, "Lady Day at Emerson's Bar &amp; Grill" Dan Moses Schreier, "Act One" Matt Tierney, "Machinal"
Best Sound Design of a Musical Peter Hylenski, "After Midnight" Tim O'Heir, "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" Mick Potter, "Les Misérables" Brian Ronan, "Beautiful - The Carole King Musical"
Best Direction of a Play Tim Carroll, "Twelfth Night" Michael Grandage, "The Cripple of Inishmaan" Kenny Leon, "A Raisin in the Sun" John Tiffany, "The Glass Menagerie"
Best Direction of a Musical Warren Carlyle, "After Midnight" Michael Mayer, "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" Leigh Silverman, "Violet" Darko Tresnjak, "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder"
Best Choreography Warren Carlyle, "After Midnight" Steven Hoggett &amp; Kelly Devine, "Rocky" Casey Nicholaw, "Aladdin" Susan Stroman, "Bullets Over Broadway"
Best Orchestrations Doug Besterman, "Bullets Over Broadway" Jason Robert Brown, "The Bridges of Madison County" Steve Sidwell, Beautiful - "The Carole King Musical" Jonathan Tunick, "A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder"

A Complete List Of Tony Award Winners

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5644d41b2491f92b008b49d0-3056-2292/rtr2d4sx.jpg" alt="Blankfein Cohn" data-mce-source="REUTERS/Natalie Behring" />REUTERS/Natalie Behring</div></div></div>Goldman Sachs has promoted 425 people to managing director."Our new Managing Directors represent the best of our firm's dedication to excellence, leadership and client service, and we wish them continued success in their careers," Goldman CEO Lloyd Blankfein said in a statement.It's a big deal to be named a managing director. The title is just one step below "partner," which is one of the most highly-coveted titles in investment banking. The next class of MDs won't be selected until 2017. In 2013, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-managing-director-selection-2013-3">Goldman changed its managing director selection process</a> from every year to every two years. That year, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/goldman-managing-director-class-2013-11">280 people</a> made the cut.The following individuals have been promoted:Catherine Addona-Peña Alokik Advani Sam Agnew Daniel Ahern Murtaza Ahmed Fusae Akamatsu Phil Almond Ana Alonso Roy Appelman Juliano Arruda Alex Ashwal Daniel Avery Misty Bailey Tom Barkes Jose Barreto Sushil Bathija Gregoire Baudot Olivier Belaich Sharon Bell Allison Beller Christine Benson Schwartzstein Sam Berberian Todd Berger Sandy Bernhardt Greg Berube Shashi Bhushan (Bengaluru) Lyla Bibi Julie Billings Alexander Blanchard Tristan Blood Katherine Bloom Alexander Blostein John Blythe Andrea Bonini Vijay Borkar Jean-Pierre Boudrias Dyson Bowditch Rhett Brewer Sean Brewer Cameron Brien Tyler Brooke Marios Broustas Melissa Brown Jacob Buitelaar Jason Burgess Manuel Camacho Tim Campbell Eliot Camplisson Susana Cao Miranda Nicholas Chan Sorubh Chandani Amy Chang Dennis Chang Scott Chastain Scott Chen (IBD) Yu Chikami Vikram Chima Sung Cho Caroline Chu Simon Clarke Ray Clifford Jorge Combe William Connolly Ron Cortina Daniela Costa Yasmine Coupal Patricia Creedon Brian Culang Michelle Daly Ranga Dattatreya Christopher Daur Brian DeCenzo Alexis Deladerriere Robert Devens Devanshu Dhyani Scott Dias Johanna Diaz Simon Dickinson Andrew DiMaria Darren Dixon Terence Donnelly Christopher Droege Lindsay Drucker Mann Frank Drury Caroline Dunne Steven Edwards (Internal Audit) Jeffrey Egee Naoko Ehara Inna Elyashkevich Jason English Andrew Erekson Joris Esch Ana Estrada Cristina Estrada Owain Evans Julia Feldman Jing Feng Albert Ferng Val Feygin Dan Fishman Dennis Fleck Terence Flynn Ian Foster (IBD) Kelly Galanis Ilya Gaysinskiy Libardo Gerardino Said Ghusayni Michael Gillott Arvind Giridhar Mark Glotfelty Chloe Goddard Lakshya Goel Peter Goertzen Andres Gonzalez Clara Gonzalez-Martin Claire Goodeve Anton Gorshkov Simon Gosling Jessica Binder Graham Michael Graham (Securities) Glenn Greilsamer Fabrizio Grena Alain Griveau Pierre-Yves Guerber Renaud Guidée Renu Gupta Christoph Haenschel Simon Hale Jay Handfield Deirdre Harding Nada Hassan Frances Hawkins Tobias Heilmaier Christoph Heuer Kenneth Ho Luke Hodges Jennie Holloway Matthew Hostasa Henry Howell Soomin Hu Victor Hu Andrew Huang Lee Hughes Michael Hui Shinichiro Ichiki George Ingram Francesca Innocenti Karen Ip Yuichiro Isayama Shubha Iyer Kristy Jago Matt Jahansouz Lear Janiv Jessica Janowitz Franklin Jarman Jabe Jerram Lei Jin Moritz Jobke Charles Johnston Ganesh Jois Katherine Jollon Colsher John Jonke Shrut Kalra Emiko Kamoda Markus Kant Yugandhar Karna Lotfi Karoui Vanya Kasanof Ting Ke Kyle Kendall Richard Kendrick Corey Kenyon Anthony Kim Seong Eun Kim Sean Kingston Teresa Kingswood David Kirschner Michael Klym Jared Klyman Andrew Knight Timur Kocaoglu Kevin Kochar Christina Kopec David Korpi Caroline Kraus Jennifer Krevitt Ajay Kumar Raj Kumar Kosuke Kurosawa Marc Kurz Takashi Kuwano Loredana La Pace Phil Labbe Marco Laicini Vidya Lakshmi Lia Larson Kinger Lau Max Layton Jerome Lebuchoux Andrew Lee (GIR) David Lee (IMD) Jay Hyun Lee (MBD) Jerry Lee Shane Lee Valerie Leeder Panayiotis Lemonidis Joe Lenehan Daniel Levy Yael Levy Olga Lewis Christina Sun Li Chuan Li James Li Edmund Lim Stephen Little David Liu Daniel Lochner Michael Loetzsch Donald Lu Rochelle Lucas Matthias Ludemann Christopher Lvoff Andrew Lyons Kristen Macleod Manju Madhavan Lynn Magnus Thomas Malafronte Sajith Maliakel Rakesh Manani Elizabeth Mann Jim Mannoia John Manzi Jia Mao Guillaume Marinacce Jeremie Marrache Matthew Mason Gaurav Mathur Yuji Matsumoto Tom McAndrew Scott McHugh Andrew McIlroy Jenny Meng Shahmil Merchant Joann Mercurio Maryline Mertz Marco Messeri Hideo Michiba Jared Miller Stacey Miller Elizabeth Milonopoulos Pascal Mischler Pooja Mishra Prahlad Doretta Mistras Matthew Mizrahi Hillel Moerman Soren Moller-Rasmussen Fausto Monacelli Q Montazeri Leonie Morel Owen Morris Daniel Motta Ricardo Mourao Christian Mueller-Glissmann Niladri Mukhopadhyay Mathieu Munuera Francis Murphy Thomas Murray Charles Myers Harsh Nanda Asad Naqvi Ryan Nash David Naulty Toh Ne Win Shapour Neshatfar Billy Newport Anya Newton Katrina Niehaus Christos Nifadopoulos Ryan Nolan Brian Nordahl Steven Nowak Matthew O'Callaghan John Olivo Oscar Ostlund Marco Paesotto Kanak Palanisamy Sundaram Pandiarajan Mrudang Pandya Francesco Paolicelli Dhaval Parekh Keyur Parekh Akash Patel Himin Patel Jatin Patel Cristina Patron Nicholas Peach Agostina Pechi Xi Pei Shlomit Perry Joseph Persky Carlos Prieto Ricardo Puggina Tim Quandt Stephanie Rader Emilie Railhac Amit Raje Sudarshan Ramakrishnan Akila Raman Vishaal Rana Robert Rancitelli Zeeshan Razzaqui Paolo Re David Reis Kevin Relihan Ben Reuter Matt Rhodes Clare Richards Brian Richardson Richard Rivero Duane Robinson Fabiano Romeiro Agustin Romo Calvo Karen Rossi Matias Rotella Anne Russ C. Kyle Russ Jamie Russell Isidoor Rutten Timothy Ryan Craig Sabal Carolyn Sabat Michael Sachs Hassan Salamony Nicholas Saunders Carly Scales Marc Schaffer Tom Schouwenaars Jameson Schriber Leonard Seevers Masataka Sera Arpan Shah (Internal Audit) Dhruv Shah Nitin Shah Ashoke Sharma Nik Sharma Salil Sheth Jonathan Shugar Aaron Siegel Eric Siegel Julie Silverman Jim Sinclair Balaji Sivasubramanian Neil Slee Martin Smith (IMD) Scott Smith Lin Smyth Douglas Spell David Sprake Jack Springate Sujatha Srinivasan Ricardo Stabile John Startin John Stecher Alexander Stiles Peter Stone Miruna Stratan Matthew Straughen Hiroyuki Sugiura Joseph Sumberg Philip Sun Lawrence Tankel Richard Tarling Ian Taylor Mike Taylor (Services) Sophie Taylor Latifa Tefridj-Gaillard Kurt Tenenbaum Prasanna Thati Radha Tilton Vincent Tiseo Jandirk tom Dieck Margo Topman Shinsaku Toriyama Dom Totino Joseph Traina Matthew Traina Alexis Tsang Tetsuya Ukai Silvia Valente Laura van Alkemade Carol Van der Vorst Alexis Vassilakas Kerone Vatel Thomas Vaughan Meriel Vessey Alexandra Vincenzi David Wade Dennis Walsh Alex Wang Jun Wang Moon Wang Katherine Ward Amy Watson Peter Watson Whitney Watson Gregory Watts Jie Wei Michael Weiss Miriam Wheeler Pete Williams Wes Williams Jiahong Wu Tony Xu Michael Yaeger Satoshi Yamagata Huan Yang Jonathan Yarrow Sylvia Yeh Vincent Yeung Derek Yi Jon Yoder Jaewon Yu Brendan Zeigon Daniel Zimmerman Martin Zoll <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/seaworld-end-killer-whale-show-san-diego-blackfish-2015-11">SeaWorld is ending its killer whale show after being criticized for how it treats them</a></h3> <div> <div> <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="VjdnBxeDr7ABHNOUF_pwCshHV8m9AMwX" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> <script> if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; } RunFunctions.push(function() { var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', 'VjdnBxeDr7ABHNOUF_pwCshHV8m9AMwX',{ autoplay: 'false' }); }); </script> <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div> </div> <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script> </div>

The Goldman Sachs new managing director list is out!

<img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/53eb95a06bb3f76d65056f53-1200-924/12442362925_a9b6ae5270_o.jpg" border="0" alt="woman walking reading"><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/francisco_osorio/12442362925">Flickr/Francisco Osorio</a></img>The best part about reading a mystery book is not being able to put it down. &#xa0;
Amazon released its <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/browse.html/?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;linkCode=ur2&amp;node=10207153011&amp;pf_rd_i=10207069011&amp;pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&amp;pf_rd_p=1968818082&amp;pf_rd_r=0JCRX2R77PPT3RN3XFPR&amp;pf_rd_s=merchandised-search-5&amp;pf_rd_t=101&amp;pldnSite=1&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=KA2WHP25YLZXSWJG">best edge-of-your-seat mysteries and thrillers</a> of 2014.
Even though the year has already wrapped up, these books will keep you completely engrossed.
Keep reading to find your next nail-biting novel.
1. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1476770387/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=1476770387&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=KGCWU6WIBMG4QHEC">Revival: A Novel</a>" by Stephen King:&#xa0;Set over half a century ago, the story focuses on the bond between a boy and the new town minister. The tale spans five decades and follows the relationship of these two characters who are plagued by demons and deep-seated grief. "Revival" culminates in&#xa0;the most terrifying conclusion Stephen King has ever written.
2. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0804178747/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0804178747&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=GP6G7SJ7HWQGSXPE">Personal: A Jack Reacher Novel</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Lee Child:&#xa0;Former military cop Jack Reacher is called back into duty when an American gunman tries to shoot the president of France. Very few people in the world would have been able to make the long range shot from such a long range, but Reacher knows someone who can, and now has to catch him.
3. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0670026328/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0670026328&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=7TFDVNF3HQUZ6YED">The Secret Place (Dublin Murder Squad)</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Tana French:&#xa0;In the newest addition to the Dublin Murder Squad series, the murder investigation of teen heartthrob Chris Harper is reignited when a photo of him emerges with the caption "I KNOW WHO KILLED HIM." Detectives Stephen Moran and&#xa0;Antoinette Conway work to uncover the truth and are shocked by the danger and mystery of the private world of teenagers.
4. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0374292086/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0374292086&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=IVHY7K7HJ3WK5U5J">Wolf in White Van: A Novel</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;John Darnielle:&#xa0;After a disfiguring accident, Sean Phillips lives within the confines of his home. He creates a text-based, role-playing game that takes its players on an adventure through an imaginary world. Sean must face reality when two players take his game into the real world and disaster ensues. The story ultimately leads back to the horrific accident that has shaped Sean's isolated existence.
5. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0374280592/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0374280592&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=YIKSXKBOKGAKH5SH">The Laughing Monsters: A Novel</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Denis Johnson:&#xa0;"The Laughing Monsters" tests the loyalty between long-time friends. After a decade away, Roland Nair returns to Sierra Leone to reunite with his friend and former business partner Michael Adriko and Adriko's fiance. On the journey to meet Adriko's clan in Uganda it becomes very clear that the three have their own motives and secrets that threaten their relationships with each other.
6. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1439177724/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=1439177724&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=Z3HQHNGWZO3QJMIM">I Am Pilgrim</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Terry Hayes:&#xa0;When four brutal and seemingly unrelated murders turn out to actually be connected, only one man, a retired and reclusive CIA operative named Pilgrim, can discover the missing links.
7.&#xa0;"<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/006232005X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=006232005X&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=VHTBYIFQUF75GJ64">The Heist: A Novel</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Daniel Silva:&#xa0;Gabriel Allon has many identities: art restorer, spy, assassin. This thriller novel follows Gabriel as he searches the globe for renowned artist&#xa0;Caravaggio's stolen masterpiece.
8. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1250022061/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=1250022061&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=76OKK26JEVPTOQOQ">The Long Way Home</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Louise Penny:&#xa0;Former chief inspector of homicide Armand Gamache has found peace and quiet in retirement until his neighbor Clara enlists him to find her missing, estranged artist husband.
9.&#xa0;"<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0062311077/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0062311077&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=XCEMAYSZS5SS5ASN">Natchez Burning: A Novel</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Greg Iles:&#xa0;Set in Mississippi, lawyer Penn Cage has always looked up to his father Tom, a doctor and pillar in the community. When Tom is accused of murdering a nurse he worked with in the '60s, Penn tries to clear his father's name, and ends up following a trail that dates back 40 years and uncovers his town's racist and bloody past.
10. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0385351372/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0385351372&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=63CREHXA7SQF4CBV">The Son: A Novel</a>"&#xa0;by Jo Nesbo: Sonny, a heroin addict, has been in jail for 12 years for crimes he didn't commit, but he doesn't question his sentence as long as he has a steady supply of dope. But when he learns a secret about his deceased corrupt cop father, Sonny escapes jail and his addiction only to find himself at the center of&#xa0;a whole infrastructure of corruption.
11. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316122556/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0316122556&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=FB6YA23DPOVSEPTA">Those Who Wish Me Dead</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Michael Koryta: When teenaged Jace Wilson is the only witness of a grisly murder, police put Jace into witness protection at a wilderness camp while they search for the murderous Blackwell Brothers. Jace can only hope the police find the Blackwell Brothers before they find him.&#xa0;
12. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0385349580/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0385349580&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=R2CFHDFR5KPHRHRD">An Officer and a Spy: A Novel</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Robert Harris:&#xa0;The novel follows French Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus, who is convicted of treason for sharing secrets with the Germans. Georges Picquart, head of the counterespionage agency that imprisoned Dreyfus, starts to question if there is a larger conspiracy using Dreyfus as the scapegoat.
13. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0446550736/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0446550736&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=JRWLQDMWWQLJ7MOS">The Farm</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Tom Rob Smith: Daniel is caught between his parents. His father is claiming that his mother is mentally ill and suffering a psychotic break; Daniel's mother calls Daniel frantically, saying everything his father is saying about her is a lie, and tells him a story of secrets, deceit, crime, and a terrible conspiracy.
14. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/147674923X/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=147674923X&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=LYSJBOBJ55GXLPFW">Windigo Island: A Novel</a>" by&#xa0;William Kent Krueger<a href="http://www.amazon.com/William-Kent-Krueger/e/B001H6KG50/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_14?qid=1419863893&amp;sr=1-14"></a>: A young girl from the Ojibwe tribe&#xa0;washes up on the shores of Bad Bluff reservation. The girl had gone missing a year ago with her friend&#xa0;Mariah, who is still missing. While the Ojibwe tribe thinks the girls' disappearance is attributed to the mythical creature Windigo, private detective Cork O'Connor finds evidence that the girls were sold into a dangerous sex-trafficking ring.&#xa0;
15. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0345547497/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0345547497&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=3XE7QKIFSTVRNV3S">Cop Town: A Novel</a>"&#xa0;by&#xa0;Karin Slaughter: It's 1974 and there is a cop killer loose in Atlanta, Georgia. Kate Murphy and Maggie Lawson are two rookie cops looking to prove their worth to the APD. When they are pushed out of the manhunt for the cop killer, the two women take the investigation into their own hands.&#xa0;
16. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0316231053/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0316231053&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=PT2QA4SZZF557MEE">The Fever: A Novel</a>" by&#xa0;Megan Abbott: The story focuses on the close-knit Nash family when their community is shaken with hysteria after a lethal contagion breaks out.&#xa0;
17. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1250036135/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=1250036135&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=LECGXVY5H4N7CORL">The Cairo Affair</a>" by&#xa0;Olen Steinhauer<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Olen-Steinhauer/e/B001ITYIM8/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_17?qid=1419863893&amp;sr=1-17"></a>: Sophie watches her husband, an American diplomat in Hungary, get killed minutes after confessing that she had an affair in Cairo. Sophie enlists the help of Stan Bertolli, a Cairo-based CIA agent and Sophie's former lover, to find out who wanted her husband dead. The story follows Sophie, Stan, and two other characters as they pursue different roads to solve the same case. 
18. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0062236733/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0062236733&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=PGDQAEACGHLOOSF6">The Kept: A Novel</a>" by&#xa0;James Scott: It's 1897 in rural New York, and after a day at work&#xa0;Elspeth Howell comes home to find her husband and four of her children brutally murdered. She finds her son Caleb alive and hiding in the pantry. Mother and son set out to find the men responsible for shattering their family.&#xa0;
19. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1590516850/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=1590516850&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=RDO2GFQPAW22PBDS">Secrecy</a>" by&#xa0;Rupert Thomson<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Rupert-Thomson/e/B0034OW4Z8/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_19?qid=1419863893&amp;sr=1-19"></a>:&#xa0;The Grand Duke has asked Sicilian sculptor Zummo to create a life-sized wax sculpture of the woman who broke his heart. Meanwhile, Zummo finds love of his own but must conceal his feelings to remain a part of the Medici court. The novel shows the repression, hypocrisy, and piety that plagued seventeenth century Florence.
20. "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0743289242/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=0743289242&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=bibooklists-20&amp;linkId=575ROJHW4CFHTFPA">Chance: A Novel</a>" by&#xa0;Kem Nunn<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Kem-Nunn/e/B001HD01NU/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_20?qid=1419863893&amp;sr=1-20"></a>: Neuropsychiatrist Dr. Eldon Chance is&#xa0;primed for ruin when he falls into bed with Jaclyn, one of his patients who suffers from dissociative identity disorder. Jaclyn is also the wife of an abusive and dangerous homicide detective. Chance's relationships both with Jaclyn, and a young man named D, threaten to unravel his life.
Disclosure: Jeff Bezos is an investor in Business Insider through his personal investment company Bezos Expeditions.

20 Great Mystery Books You Should Read

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:800px"><div class="image"><img src="http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/51e6fd68ecad04cb68000025-1200-924/wall-street-subway-stop-2.jpg?maxX=800" border="0" alt="Wall Street Subway Stop" width="800" /><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/eschipul/4385922393/sizes/o/in/photolist-7FyZVB-aqrGbq-bT6oQr-aqS7yW-aqUSCN-aqQMXg-argGAu-aqZJaV-arhxGg-dfuU6A-arpzMT-aq54K3-atZEBp-aRvTpn-aFnGzL-aFiTgc-aQxna2-aQxmZa-aznUS9-aznVnf-aFiTe4-aFnGuJ-aFiTjr-aopEJb-aoK6mz-aA474V-arhdBF-ao6QWc-ao9AXh-ao75hr-7LgJe4-ao6MNZ-dcQBNk-aoa7NU-ao9Wcm-ao9J17-ao6Uti-ao6Tkn-ao7b9n-aoa6uJ-ao6Y8t-dbxzYE-dcQFHw-aBpGGS-ao7tog-ao7dqp-bqYWAD-ao9Q1J-ao7oin-dcQQEw-aoa8XG/">Flickr/eschipul</a></div></div>NEW YORK (<keyword id="76338" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Reuters">Reuters</keyword>) - U.S. federal prosecutors are considering a new strategy for criminally charging <keyword id="42111" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Wall-Street">Wall Street</keyword> bankers who packaged and sold bad mortgage loans at the height of the housing bubble, according to a federal official familiar with the investigation.
The official said federal authorities are finding new evidence they say indicates intent to commit fraud over the packaging and sale of mortgage bonds backed by subprime home loans in some of the civil lawsuits plaintiffs' lawyers have filed against large banks.
And they are exploring whether they can build criminal cases against bankers by using a 1984 law intended to punish individuals for scamming commercial banks.
The investigators are part of the Justice Department's Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities Working Group, a network of law enforcement agents and prosecutors - both state and federal - working together to probe the mortgage market meltdown that helped trigger the financial crisis.
"The <a class="cite">RMBS Working Group</a> members are aggressively investigating both civil and criminal matters across the country. <a class="cite">RMBS Working Group</a> members expect to announce more law enforcement actions in the future," said <a class="cite">Adora Jenkins</a>, a spokeswoman for the Justice Department.
The group keeps a close eye on every civil suit filed and holds regular conference calls to update its members on developments. It held a day-long meeting on Friday to discuss ongoing investigations and potential new targets, as well as legal strategies, according to the Justice Department.
The strategy involves a shift away from the more widely used securities fraud charge to a less common offense: bank fraud. The advantage is that perpetrators of bank fraud can be charged up to 10 years after their crimes, compared with the five-year statute of limitations on securities fraud, which has already run out on most events leading up to the 2008 financial crisis. A bank fraud conviction carries up to $1 million in fines and a maximum prison sentence of 30 years.
<a class="cite">Rita Glavin</a>, a partner at Seward &amp; Kissel in New York who specializes in white-collar, criminal defense, said she thought the statute's broad scope gave prosecutors an opportunity to use it, and adding a conspiracy charge could help.
"When you charge conspiracies or schemes to defraud it gives you a lot of leeway in terms of the types of evidence you're allowed to get in, because it speaks to the defendant's state of mind," she said.
Some legal critics express misgivings. They say it has the whiff of a face-saving measure by the <a class="cite">U.S. government</a> in light of criticisms about prosecutors' inability to bring criminal cases over the financial crisis.
The bank fraud statute is more often used to pursue people trying to forge checks, falsify loan documents or make other false statements to banks. Applying the charge to behavior in the securities market would be a novel use of the statute.
"You're taking a statute that predates the entire phenomenon of securitization and trying to apply it to the securities market," said <a class="cite">V. Gerard Comizio</a>, a Washington-based partner at <a class="cite">Paul Hastings</a>, a law firm.
"I don't think any prosecutor wants to start his or her day dealing with a statute that it's not clear they have jurisdiction to apply," added Comizio, who previously served as an attorney for the <a class="cite">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>, and deputy general counsel of the <a class="cite">Office of Thrift Supervision</a>.
But using the bank fraud statute could inject new life into the <a class="cite">U.S. government</a>'s effort to hold accountable the people on Wall Street whose overzealous approach to mortgage lending and securitization is what many economists say resulted in the crippling wave of home foreclosures, the financial crisis and the resulting deep recession.
Only one person faces jail time for activities related to mortgage-backed securities: former Credit Suisse Group AG <CSGN.VX> managing director, <a class="cite">Kareem Serageldin</a>, who allowed traders working for him to artificially inflate the values of mortgage-backed securities they were holding in 2007. He pleaded guilty to a conspiracy charge in April and faces up to five years in prison. His sentencing is scheduled for August.</CSGN.VX>
His case, however, isn't like the ones the RMBS group is investigating now because he and his subordinates tried to defraud their own institution, not an outside entity.
SECOND WIND
Federal prosecutors had previously ruled out criminal charges in many investigations into the causes of the financial crisis.
As part of the attempt to breathe new life into criminal cases, <a class="cite">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> agents are monitoring civil fraud suits against major banks like JPMorgan Chase &amp; Co <JPM.N> and Bank of America Corp <BAC.N>, which acquired two of the largest players in the mortgage securitization world - Bear Stearns and <a class="cite">Countrywide Financial</a> - in 2008, according to two government sources.</BAC.N></JPM.N>
FBI spokesman <a class="cite">James Margolin</a> said the bureau sometimes has to rely on civil court cases to turn up evidence of criminal behavior. <a class="cite">Amy Bonitatibus</a>, a spokeswoman for JPMorgan, and Lawrence Grayson, a spokesman for Bank of America, both declined to comment.
Civil cases can involve detailed document discovery processes and interviews that law enforcement agents may not have the time or the resources to do, <a class="cite">Columbia University School of Law</a> Professor<a class="cite">Daniel Richman</a> said.
At the greatest risk of being charged, according to legal experts who have been monitoring the fallout from the mortgage crisis, are former mid-level investment bank employees who, during the peak years of mortgage bond issuance in 2005-2007, stitched together hundreds of thousands of doomed home loans into packages and sold them as highly rated securities.
To prove any banker committed bank fraud, the government would have to show that those packaging and selling the securities deliberately lied about their quality, and that they targeted commercial banks in sales pitches.
"Prosecutors would be looking at the offering memos, prospectuses and so on to see if there were any misrepresentations in them to the banks that purchased them," said <a class="cite">David Rosenfield</a>, counsel at Herrick Feinstein specializing in white collar criminal defense. He has no specific connection to the MBS lawsuits.
(Reporting By Emily Flitter; Editing by Martin Howell and Leslie Gevirtz)

Federal Prosecutors May Charge Wall Street Bankers Who Sold Bad Loans Under An Obscure 1984 Law

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/575e8d845124c91b442f90a4-800/ap-top-tony-moments-mirandas-tearful-sonnet-cordens-antics.jpg" alt="Barbra Streisand, right, presents the award for best musical to Lin-Manuel Miranda of " border="0"><a href="http://syndication.ap.org/AP.Distro.ContentBroker2/ContentBroker.aspx?contentid=7abe77c5e0a0a51d9b0f6a706700e5a8&amp;iid=675cc9c61791418aae08f8353c88240f&amp;rsn=0&amp;recordid=675cc9c61791418aae08f8353c88240f&amp;filingId=d2221cb739074e43b0456b232e3799f1&amp;role=Preview&amp;reldt=2016-06-13T05:11:05&amp;media=Photo&amp;sz=&amp;dest=ak&amp;trF=NYAH287&amp;ofn=APTOPIX%2b2016%2bTony%2bAwards%2b-%2bShow.JPEG&amp;fmt=jpg&amp;relativeUrl=jpg/2016/201606/13/7abe77c5e0a0a51d9b0f6a706700e5a8.jpg&amp;s3Key=preview.jpg&amp;authToken=eNotizsOAyEMBU8EMhAbUiDlKvwiuciygkXZwocPRaaY5s2TdkdyBIY8OE%2bwCQ8rhaNPuXlfUDVIoBKaqp4Z3oqShx1DwxSkc913QCdrxtKPa3BeVx%2fzldfko82tybUNXfpHFu%2fYADk5v%2fE%2fGAThM6LVpK2xOuAPt1ktxQ%3d%3d">syndication.ap.org</a>Barbra Streisand, right, presents the award for best musical to Lin-Manuel Miranda of "Hamilton" at the Tony Awards at the Beacon Theatre on Sunday, June 12, 2016, in New York. (Photo by Evan Agostini/Invision/AP)</img></div></div></div>NEW YORK (AP) - As presenter Barbra Streisand noted, "tonight our joy is tinged with sorrow" - and she wasn't the only one making reference to the horrific Orlando shootings during the Tony Awards ceremony. But the night was also a celebration of the power of theater to bring joy. And there much joy for the cast and creators of the wildly popular "Hamilton," which won a whopping 11 Tonys.A look at some of the night's top moments, both onstage and off, and a list of all the winners:A SEARING SONNET"Hamilton" creator Lin-Manuel Miranda, the eloquent hero of this Broadway season, is known for giving acceptance speeches in freestyling rap. But on this night, he told the crowd, he opted to write a sonnet instead. His own tears over the Orlando tragedy were infectious, as he spoke of "when senseless acts of tragedy remind us that nothing is promised, not one day." But, he added: "Hope and love last longer, and love is love is love is love."<div><iframe width="560" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/4nsg0tE11Gw" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div>THE LOOK OF DIVERSITYFor all the talk about diversity and inclusiveness this season (absent at the Oscars, present at the Tonys), nothing could beat one powerful image: All four of the musical acting winners were black actors. "Think of tonight as the Oscars, but with diversity," host James Corden had said at the beginning of the show. "It's so diverse that Donald Trump has threatened to build a wall around this theater."CORDEN'S BROADWAY CREDSpeaking of Corden, after his own somber opening referring to Orlando - a piece he pre-recorded to be sure to get it right - the late-night TV host delighted the crowd with an ode to what seemed like dozens of past Broadway shows, from "Les Miserables" to "Phantom of the Opera" to "Sweeney Todd" to "Grease." And there's no easier way to win over a theater-loving audience than to sing a few bars from "Rose's Turn" in "Gypsy."WHAT YOU DIDN'T SEEDuring commercial breaks, Corden worked the crowd a bit, and this included enlisting prominent audience members for impromptu singalongs. He got Jeff Daniels to sing from "The Sound of Music," and he got Jake Gyllenhaal and Sean Hayes to sing from "Aladdin." When he saw that Gyllenhaal was chewing gum, he simply took it and put it in his own mouth.OUTSIDE ANTICSSpeaking of singalongs, Corden adopted the "Hamilton" practice of performing for a streetside crowd, actual putting on brief shows outside the Beacon Theater. This made for some odd combinations, like Miranda and Andrew Lloyd Webber joining Steve Martin and Edie Brickell in singing "Tomorrow" from "Annie" - or the cast of "Fiddler on the Roof" singing "There's No Business Like Show Business" from "Annie Get Your Gun."A BLAST FROM THE PAST FOR GROBANSpeaking of "Fiddler," Corden had a surprise for presenter Josh Groban: He unearthed, and played, a clip of the singer performing Tevye as a high school student. Groban seemed to have a good sense of humor about it.GIVING THANKSMany people thank their parents or their kids in their speeches, but Renee Elise Goldsberry, who plays Angelica Schuyler in "Hamilton," had an especially poignant moment speaking about her years-long struggle to become a mother. "If you know anything about me you know I've spent the last 10 years just trying to have children," she said. "God gave me Benjamin, he gave me Brielle - and he still gave me this," she said, gesturing to her Tony.YOU NEVER KNOWIvo Van Hove, who won for best direction of a play ("Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge,") told the story of how when he first came to New York at age 20, he met a woman on a park bench, and told her he was an aspiring theater director. She asked for his autograph - because, she said, "you never know." So, the director surmised in his Tony speech: "She's watching now and thinking, 'See? I was right.'"PARTYING LIKE THERE'S NO (PERFORMANCE) TOMORROWIf you were the "Hamilton" cast, wouldn't YOU be partying? The "Hamilton" bunch had a day off on Monday, and it's a good thing: their after-party Sunday night was way cooler than the official post-Tony gala. The show took over the Tavern on the Green restaurant in Central Park, and danced to a DJ until the early hours. Rapper Common, who introduced "Hamilton" at the ceremony, was among the guests. Besides eating, drinking and dancing, one could pose against a green screen and be inserted into a famous "Hamilton" photograph.BARBRA DRESSES JUST RIGHTIntroducing Streisand, Corden warned that medical personnel were standing by, just in case her return was too exciting for some. She was appearing on the Tony stage for the first time since 1970 to present the award for Best Musical - to "Hamilton," of course. "You're making me verklempt!" she called out when the crowd gave her an ovation. Dressed in a ruffled, high-collared white blouse and black vest, she quipped when she opened the envelope: "Thank God I picked the right outfit."A LITTLE SELF-ESTEEM CAN'T HURTSheldon Harnick, the 92-year-old lyricist, wasn't above a little healthy self-promotion when he received his Lifetime Achievement Award.Responding to the accolades that had just been showered upon him, he replied: "Thank you. If I didn't deserve it, this would be embarrassing."BELOW ARE ALL THE WINNERS:Best Play "Eclipsed" "The Father" WINNER: "The Humans" "King Charles III"Best Musical "Bright Star" WINNER: "Hamilton" "School of Rock-The Musical" "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed" "Waitress"Best Revival of a Play "Arthur Miller's The Crucible" WINNER: "Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge" "Blackbird" "Long Day's Journey Into Night" "Noises Off"RELATED: <a href="http://www.ew.com/gallery/tony-awards-2016-red-carpet-arrivals" target="_blank">Tony Awards 2016 Red Carpet Arrivals: See the Photos</a>Best Revival of a Musical WINNER: "The Color Purple" "Fiddler on the Roof" "She Loves Me" "Spring Awakening"Best Book of a Musical "Bright Star," Steve Martin WINNER: "Hamilton", Lin-Manuel Miranda "School of Rock-The Musical," Julian Fellowes "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed,"&#xa0;George C. WolfeBest Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre "Bright Star" (Music: Steve Martin and Edie Brickell / Lyrics: Edie Brickell) WINNER:&#xa0;"Hamilton" (Music &amp; Lyrics: Lin-Manuel Miranda) "School of Rock-The Musical" (Music: Andrew Lloyd Webber / Lyrics: Glenn Slater) "Waitress"&#xa0;(Music &amp; Lyrics: Sara Bareilles)Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play Gabriel Byrne, "Long Day's Journey Into Night" Jeff Daniels, "Blackbird" WINNER:&#xa0;Frank Langella, "The Father" Tim Pigott-Smith, "King Charles III" Mark Strong, "Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge"RELATED: <a href="http://www.ew.com/gallery/tony-awards-2016-red-carpet-best-worst" target="_blank">Tony Awards 2016: Best and Worst Dressed</a>Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play WINNER:&#xa0;Jessica Lange, "Long Day's Journey Into Night" Laurie Metcalf, "Misery" Lupita Nyong'o, "Eclipsed" Sophie Okonedo, "Arthur Miller's The Crucible" Michelle Williams, "Blackbird"Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical Alex Brightman, "School of Rock-The Musical" Danny Burstein,&#xa0;"Fiddler on the Roof" Zachary Levi, "She Loves Me" Lin-Manuel Miranda, "Hamilton" WINNER:&#xa0;Leslie Odom, Jr., "Hamilton"Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical Laura Benanti,&#xa0;"She Loves Me" Carmen Cusack, "Bright Star" WINNER:&#xa0;Cynthia Erivo, "The Color Purple" Jessie Mueller, "Waitress" Phillipa Soo, "Hamilton"Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Play WINNER:&#xa0;Reed Birney, "The Humans" Bill Camp, "Arthur Miller's The Crucible" David Furr, "Noises Off" Richard Goulding, "King Charles III" Michael Shannon,&#xa0;"Long Day's Journey Into Night"Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Play Pascale Armand, "Eclipsed" Megan Hilty, "Noises Off" WINNER:&#xa0;Jayne Houdyshell, "The Humans" Andrea Martin, "Noises Off" Saycon Sengbloh, "Eclipsed"Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical WINNER:&#xa0;Daveed Diggs, "Hamilton" Brandon Victor Dixon, "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed" Christopher Fitzgerald,&#xa0;"Waitress" Jonathan Groff, "Hamilton" Christopher Jackson, "Hamilton"Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical Danielle Brooks, "The Color Purple" WINNER: Renée Elise Goldsberry, "Hamilton" Jane Krakowski, "She Loves Me" Jennifer Simard,&#xa0;"Disaster!" Adrienne Warren, "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed"Best Scenic Design of a Play Beowulf Boritt, "Thérèse Raquin" Christopher Oram,&#xa0;"Hughie" Jan Versweyveld, "Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge" WINNER: David Zinn, "The Humans"Best Scenic Design of a Musical Es Devlin &amp; Finn Ross, "American Psycho" David Korins, "Hamilton" Santo Loquasto,&#xa0;"Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed" WINNER: David Rockwell, "She Loves Me"Best Costume Design of a Play Jane Greenwood,&#xa0;"Long Day's Journey Into Night" Michael Krass,&#xa0;"Noises Off" WINNER: Clint Ramos, "Eclipsed" Tom Scutt, "King Charles III"Best Costume Design of a Musical Gregg Barnes, "Tuck Everlasting" Jeff Mahshie, "She Loves Me" Ann Roth, "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed" WINNER: Paul Tazewell, "Hamilton"Best Lighting Design of a Play WINNER: Natasha Katz, "Long Day's Journey Into Night" Justin Townsend, "The Humans" Jan Versweyveld, "Arthur Miller's The Crucible" Jan Versweyveld, "Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge"Best Lighting Design of a Musical WINNER: Howell Binkley, "Hamilton" Jules Fisher &amp; Peggy Eisenhauer, "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed" Ben Stanton, "Spring Awakening" Justin Townsend, "American Psycho"Best Direction of a Play Rupert Goold, "King Charles III" Jonathan Kent, "Long Day's Journey Into Night" Joe Mantello, "The Humans" Liesl Tommy, "Eclipsed" WINNER:&#xa0;Ivo Van Hove, "Arthur Miller's A View From the Bridge"Best Direction of a Musical Michael Arden, "Spring Awakening" John Doyle, "The Color Purple" Scott Ellis, "She Loves Me" WINNER:&#xa0;Thomas Kail, "Hamilton" George C. Wolfe, "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed"Best Choreography WINNER:&#xa0;Andy Blankenbuehler, "Hamilton" Savion Glover, "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed" Hofesh Shechter,&#xa0;"Fiddler on the Roof" Randy Skinner, "Dames at Sea" Sergio Trujillo, "On Your Feet! The Story of Emilio and Gloria Estefan"Best Orchestrations August Eriksmoen, "Bright Star" Larry Hochman, "She Loves Me" WINNER:&#xa0;Alex Lacamoire, "Hamilton" Daryl Waters, "Shuffle Along, Or the Making of the Musical Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed"Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre Sheldon Harnick Marshall W. MasonSpecial Tony Award National Endowment for the Arts Miles WilkinRegional Theatre Tony Award Paper Mill Playhouse (Millburn, New Jersey)Isabelle Stevenson Tony Award Brian Stokes MitchellTony Honors for Excellence in the Theatre Seth Gelblum Joan Lader&#xa0; <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/lin-manuel-miranda-paid-tribute-orlando-victims-speech-2016-6">'Hamilton' creator Lin-Manuel Miranda paid tribute to the Orlando shooting victims with a stirring speech</a></h3> <div> <div> <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="NjdGY0NDE6k9LFSPV-YX-kD5pGyjBFlE" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> <script> if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; } RunFunctions.push(function() { var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', 'NjdGY0NDE6k9LFSPV-YX-kD5pGyjBFlE',{ autoplay: 'false' }); }); </script> <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div> </div> <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script> </div>

'Hamilton' swept the Tony Awards with 11 wins - here are all the winners

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/535faf2f6bb3f77b4c5f096b-1031-773/hugh-jackman-lucy-liu-tony-awards-2.png" border="0" alt="Hugh Jackman Lucy Liu Tony Awards" />Neilson Barnard/Getty Images for Tony Awards ProductionsHigh Jackman crashed this morning's nominations.</div></div></div>The 2014 <a href="http://www.tonyawards.com/index.html" target="_blank">Tony Awards nominations</a> were announced on Tuesday morning by actors Lucy Liu and Jonathan Groff, with Hugh Jackman crashing the ceremony.
A few TV stars were nominated, including Bryan Cranston for "All The Way" and Neil Patrick Harris for "Hedwig and the Angry Inch."
"A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder" leads the pack with 10 nods, followed by "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" with 8 nominations.
The Tonys will air on June 8 on CBS.
Check out the list of nominees below:
Best Play
Act One All the Way Casa Valentina Mothers and Sons Outside Mullingar
Best Musical
After Midnight Aladdin Beautiful A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder
Best Revival of a Play
The Cripple of Inishmaan The Glass Menagerie A Raisin in the Sun Twelfth Night
Best Revival of a Musical
Hedwig and the Angry Inch Les Miserables Violet
Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play
Samuel Barnett- Twelfth Night Bryan Cranston- All the Way Chris O'Dowd- Of Mice and Men Mark Rylance- Richard III Tony Shalhoub- Act One
Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play
Audra McDonald- Lady Day at Emerson's Bar &amp; Gril Tyne Daly- Mothers and Sons Estelle Parsons- The Velocity of Autumn LaTanya Richardson Jackson- A Raisin in the Sun Cherry Jones- The Glass Menagerie
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/535fafb2ecad04826b741153-1190-892/neil-patrick-harris-hedwig-and-the-angry-inch.png" border="0" alt="Neil Patrick Harris Hedwig and the Angry Inch" />Mike Pont/Getty ImagesNeil Patrick Harris, who stars in "Hedwig and the Angry Inch," is nominated for Best Actor in a Musical.</div></div></div>
Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical
Ramin Karimloo- Les Miserables Neil Patrick Harris- Hedwig and the Angry Inch Jefferson Mays- A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Bryce Pinkham- A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Andy Karl- Rocky
Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical
Idina Menzel- If/Then Mary Bridget Davis - A Night with Janice Joplin Jessie Mueller- Beautiful: The Carole King Musical Kelli O'Hara- The Bridges of Madison County Sutton Foster- Violet
Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play Reed Birney- Casa Valentina Paul Chahidi- Twelfth Night Stephen Fry- Twelfth Night Mark Rylance- Twelfth Night Brian Jacob Smith- The Glass Menagier
Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Play Sarah Green- The Cripple of Inishmaan Celia Keenan-Bolger- The Glass Menagerie Sophie Okonedo- A Raisin in the Sun Mare Winningham- Casa Valentina Anika Noni Rose- A Raisin in the Sun
Best Book of a Musical
Chad Beguelin - Aladdin Douglas McGrath - Beautiful Woody Allen - Bullets Over Broadway Robert L Freedman - A Gentleman's Guide to Love and Murder
Best Score
Jason Robert Brown- The Bridges of Madison County Tom Kitt and Brian Yorkey- If/Then Steven Lutvak and Robert L. Freedman- A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Alan Menken and Chad Beguelin- Aladdin
Best Director of a Musical Warren Carlyle- After Midnight Michael Mayer- Hedwig and the Angry Inch Leigh Silverman- Violet Darko Tresnjak- A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder
Best Director of a Play Tim Carroll- Twelfth Night Michael Grandage- The Cripple of Inishmaan Kenny Leon- A Raisin in the Sun John Tiffany- The Glass Menagerie
Best Book of a Musical
Aladdin- Chad Beguelin Beautiful - The Carole King Musical - Douglas McGrath Bullets Over Broadway- Woody Allen A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder- Robert L. Freedman
Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre
Aladdin- Music: Alan Menken, Lyrics: Howard Ashman, Tim Rice and Chad Beguelin The Bridges of Madison County- Music &amp; Lyrics: Jason Robert Brown A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder- Music: Steven Lutvak, Lyrics: Robert L. Freedman &amp; Steven Lutvak If/Then- Music: Tom Kitt, Lyrics: Brian Yorkey Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Play
Samuel Barnett, Twelfth Night Bryan Cranston, All The Way Chris O'Dowd, Of Mice and Men Mark Rylance, Richard III Tony Shalhoub, Act One Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play
Tyne Daly, Mothers and Sons LaTanya Richardson Jackson, A Raisin in the Sun Cherry Jones, The Glass Menagerie Audra McDonald, Lady Day at Emerson's Bar &amp; Grill Estelle Parsons, The Velocity of Autumn Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role in a Musical
Neil Patrick Harris, Hedwig and the Angry Inch Ramin Karimloo, LES MISERABLES Andy Karl, Rocky Jefferson Mays, A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Bryce Pinkham, A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Musical
Mary Bridget Davies, A Night with Janis Joplin Sutton Foster, Violet Idina Menzel, If/Then Jessie Mueller, Beautiful - The Carole King Musical Kelli O'Hara, The Bridges of Madison County Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Play
Reed Birney, Casa Valentina Paul Chahidi, Twelfth Night Stephen Fry, Twelfth Night Mark Rylance, Twelfth Night Brian J. Smith, The Glass Menagerie Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Play
Sarah Greene, The Cripple of Inishmaan Celia Keenan-Bolger, The Glass Menagerie Sophie Okonedo, A Raisin in the Sun Anika Noni Rose, A Raisin in the Sun Mare Winningham, Casa Valentina Best Performance by an Actor in a Featured Role in a Musical
Danny Burstein, Cabaret Nick Cordero, Bullets Over Broadway Joshua Henry, Violet James Monroe Iglehart, Aladdin Jarrod Spector, Beautiful - The Carole King Musical Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Role in a Musical
Linda Emond, Cabaret Lena Hall, Hedwig and the Angry Inch Anika Larsen, Beautiful - The Carole King Musical Adriane Lenox, After Midnight Lauren Worsham, A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Best Scenic Design of a Play
Beowulf Boritt, Act One Bob Crowley, The Glass Menagerie Es Devlin, Machinal Christopher Oram, The Cripple of Inishmaan Best Scenic Design of a Musical
Christopher Barreca, Rocky Julian Crouch, Hedwig and the Angry Inch Alexander Dodge, A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Santo Loquasto, Bullets Over Broadway Best Costume Design of a Play
Jane Greenwood, Act One Michael Krass, Machinal Rita Ryack, Casa Valentina Jenny Tiramani, Twelfth Night Best Costume Design of a Musical
Linda Cho, A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder William Ivey Long, Bullets Over Broadway Arianne Phillips, Hedwig and the Angry Inch Isabel Toledo, After Midnight Best Lighting Design of a Play
Paule Constable, The Cripple of Inishmaan Jane Cox, Machinal Natasha Katz, The Glass Menagerie Japhy Weideman, Of Mice and Men Best Lighting Design of a Musical
Kevin Adams, Hedwig and the Angry Inch Christopher Akerlind, Rocky Howell Binkley, After Midnight Donald Holder, The Bridges of Madison County Best Sound Design of a Play
Alex Baranowski, The Cripple of Inishmaan Steve Canyon Kennedy, Lady Day at Emerson's Bar &amp; Grill Dan Moses Schreier, Act One Matt Tierney, Machinal Best Sound Design of a Musical
Peter Hylenski, After Midnight Tim O'Heir, Hedwig and the Angry Inch Mick Potter, LES MISERABLES Brian Ronan, Beautiful - The Carole King Musical
Best Direction of a Play
Tim Carroll, Twelfth Night Michael Grandage, The Cripple of Inishmaan Kenny Leon, A Raisin in the Sun John Tiffany, The Glass Menagerie Best Direction of a Musical
Warren Carlyle, After Midnight Michael Mayer, Hedwig and the Angry Inch Leigh Silverman, Violet Darko Tresnjak, A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder Best Choreography
Warren Carlyle, After Midnight Steven Hoggett &amp; Kelly Devine, Rocky Casey Nicholaw, Aladdin
Susan Stroman, Bullets Over Broadway
Best Orchestrations
Doug Besterman, Bullets Over Broadway Jason Robert Brown, The Bridges of Madison County Steve Sidwell, Beautiful - The Carole King Musical Jonathan Tunick, A Gentleman's Guide to Love &amp; Murder
Recipients of Awards and Honors in Non-competitive Categories
Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre - Jane Greenwood
Regional Theatre Award - Signature Theatre, New York, N.Y.
Isabelle Stevenson Award - Rosie O'Donnell
Tony Honors for Excellence in the Theatre - Joseph P. Benincasa, Joan Marcus, Charlotte Wilcox

'Hedwig And The Angry Inch' And 'A Gentleman's Guide To Love & Murder' Lead Tony Award Nominations

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"><img src="http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/5238ca74ecad040619b27510-1200-924/ted-cruz-11.jpg?maxX=480" border="0" alt="Ted Cruz" width="480" />APU.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas</div></div>If rogue Republicans do not relent over the budget impasse by October 1, whatever pandemonium happens next will largely be governed by a federal statute you likely have never heard of: <a href="http://www.gao.gov/legal/lawresources/antideficiencybackground.html">the Antideficiency Act</a>. You can call it the "anti-deadbeat" law -- a collection of statutory and administrative provisions, really -- that forbid federal officials from entering into financial obligations for which they do not have funding, like paying the salaries of their employees or buying the things they need to run the government.
It's also the law that wisely permits certain "essential" government functions -- like the military and the courts, for example -- to keep operating even in the absence of authorized legislative funding.
Predictably, there aren't many legal experts who have built careers around the Antideficiency Act, but I managed to corral a few. The most important messages they offer are these: 1) It's not just present federal work that's affected by the shutdown, it's future work, too; and 2) shutting down the federal government is terribly wasteful and expensive because of the re-start costs involved.
That's the point made by the acclaimed dean of Antideficiency Act scholars, University of Baltimore Law Professor <a href="http://law.ubalt.edu/faculty/profiles/tiefer.cfm">Charles Tiefer</a> ("For obscure details," he told me, "you've come to the right guy."). It's not just that many federal operations will shut down next week, Tiefer said, it's that "all kinds of planning and preparation for federal activity in the months and weeks to come" will become "increasingly neglected and disjointed if the showdown lasts more than a couple of days." Here's a <a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/1342">key passage from the statute</a>:
<blockquote style="padding-left: 30px;">An officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government may not accept voluntary services for either government or employ personal services exceeding that authorized by law except for emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property ... As used in this section, the term "emergencies involving the safety of human life or the protection of property" does not include ongoing, regular functions of government the suspension of which would not imminently threaten the safety of human life or the protection of property.</blockquote>
Preparing for the Shutdown Here is an example of <a href="http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34680.pdf">what is happening right now within federal agencies and bureaus</a>. Earlier this week, U.S. District Judge John Bates, a George W. Bush appointee who now is director of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, sent an <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/171036658/FY-2014-Jud-Funding-Guidance-for-Operations-During-Lapse-in-Approps">open letter</a> to all departments within the federal judiciary. The letter set forth in detail the protocol for what will (and will not) happen in our nation's courts if as expected the money runs out next week. Bates wrote (emphasis in original):
<blockquote>
If Congress fails to enact a CR by October 1, 2013, most federal entities will have to implement shut-down plans effective immediately. The Judiciary, however, will not shut down immediately. We will continue operations utilizing fees and no-year appropriations for an estimated 10 business days (through approximately October 15, 2013).
During these first 10 business days of a lapse in appropriations, the Judiciary will use available fee and no-year balances to pay judges, court employees and FDO employees, and to maintain court and federal defender operations. Courts and FDOs will continue to operate, but funding should be conserved as much as possible by delaying or deferring expenses not critical to the performance of your Constitutional responsibilities.
All Judiciary and FDO employees should continue reporting to work and they will be in full-pay status during this period. After the 10-day period, if there is still no appropriation, the Judiciary will operate under terms of the Anti-Deficiency Act, which allows "essential work" to continue during a lapse in appropriations. Among the definitions of "essential work" are powers exercised under the Constitution, which include activities to support the exercise of Article III judicial powers, specifically the resolution of cases.
Each court and FDO will determine the court staff, probation and pretrial services officers and FDO staff necessary to support the exercise of Article III judicial powers. Staff performing essential functions will report to work in a non-pay status. Other staff will be furloughed.
Staff who are furloughed cannot work voluntarily or be required to work. Staff performing essential functions and working in a non-pay status should expect to be paid once appropriations are enacted; Congress will have to take affirmative action to authorize pay for staff who are furloughed.
</blockquote>
The details will be different in each instance, but you can be sure that all over the federal government this week these sorts of letters were being written and sent in preparation for the showdown. Here is the <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/a11_current_year/s124.pdf">current OMB memo</a> that outlines protocols. <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/memoranda/2011/m11-13.pdf">Here</a> is a April 2011 White House memo that also adds context. Some workers will simply be sent home. Others will have to work with only the promise of pay. And Congress will have the obligation, moral if not political, to clean up whatever mess it and the White House create in the next few days and weeks.
The History of the Act "Those who disburse the money are like a saucy boy who knows his grandfather will gratify him, and over-turns the sum allowed him at pleasure," Rep. John Randolph of Virginia said in 1806. The "saucy boy" here was the executive branch, the grandfather Congress. Georgetown University Law Professor<a href="http://www.law.georgetown.edu/faculty/westmoreland-timothy-m.cfm">Timothy Westmoreland</a>, who has a background in congressional <keyword id="6358883" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Politics">politics</keyword>, wrote via email:
<blockquote>
All civics students learn that the Congress has "the power of the purse." The Constitution gives the Congress the decision about whether to spend money or not. This shows up in Article I of the Constitution, where it says, "No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law." The Executive Branch cannot make a decision on its own to spend money -- and that's clearly what the Framers wanted.
That seems fairly straightforward, but almost from the beginning of the Nation, the Executive Branch tried different ways to dodge that fundamental restriction.I've seen references to congressional complaints about this all the way back to John Calhoun in 1816 and Henry Clay in 1819.
</blockquote>
Not incidentally, who were these congressional titans complaining about? Presidents James Madison and James Monroe. Westmoreland continues:
<blockquote>
The most obvious tactic was for Executive Branch officials to make contracts without already having the money from the Congress. If that happened, the Congress was backed into a corner: a commitment by the U.S. had already been made by the Executive, so the Congress felt it had to make the funds available because of some sense of a moral or good-faith obligation. This was called creating a "coercive deficiency." In the early days, most of this appears to have been done by the military, but that may not be surprising since so much of the early Federal spending was for the military.
To take back its control of the spending power, the Congress passed laws just after the Civil War that made such actions illegal. The main one is the Antideficiency Act, which prohibits Executive Branch officials from obligating or spending money before it is given to them by the Congress. It also prohibits these officials from taking money given to them for one purpose and using it for another. There are civil and criminal penalties for violating the law, as well as extensive auditing and reporting requirements.
</blockquote>
Westmoreland continues:
<blockquote>
A version of this 19th Century statute is still the law. Agencies themselves, Inspectors General, and the Government Accountability Office (GAO) all look into potential violations, and they are found every year. Some of them are simple errors. Some are disputes over bookkeeping rules or over interpreting legislation. Some are relatively small. Others are in the hundreds of millions. In Fiscal 2012, GAO reported 20 violations -- ranging from a $50,000 violation in the National Guard to an $800 million one by the SEC. Civil servants can be disciplined or fired for violating the law. They can be criminally prosecuted for a willful violation, although I don't think anyone has ever been convicted.
The Act becomes especially significant when the Congress fails to provide appropriations. At that point, government employees are legally prohibited from spending money, because they haven't been given any money to spend. So an agency head cannot authorize a government employee to come to work; that would be incurring a government obligation without having an appropriation. The law also prohibits accepting voluntary services for the government, so the agency head can't even allow people to volunteer to do their jobs.
</blockquote>
To Whom Does the Act Apply? The act "definitely applies to government employees and officials of the core executive and independent agencies," Harvard Law Professor <a href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/faculty/hjackson/">Howell E. Jackson</a>, a budget and regulatory expert, told me. This means the vast majority of federal workers will be told to go home next week in the absence of a budget deal. Those who get to stay will come from two groups -- one in which federal workers have been explicitly exempted and one in which workers have been deemed to be "essential" through analysis. "It's complicated," Jackson said, "where the lines are drawn and sources of legal authority are not precise."
Perhaps the most interesting example of a "specific exemption," Jackson says, is the <a href="http://www.foreffectivegov.org/files/budget/feedandforageact.pdf">Food and Forage Act of 1861</a> -- near the start of the Civil War. As the title suggests, that law permitted soldiers to graze their horses and take whatever other necessities were required to live on horseback. It's a law that was invoked in a decidedly non-horsey sense during the Vietnam War, again during Operation Desert Shield in Iraq in 1990, and, for a brief time, immediately following the terror attacks of September 11, 2001.
"Federal employees can accept volunteers or go beyond their funding in cases of emergency involving the safety of human life or the protection of property," Westmoreland says. So federal firefighters and law enforcement officials clearly are exempt, Tiefer adds, as are judges presiding over criminal (but not necessarily civil) cases. Moreover, it's the OMB, with help from the Justice Department, that makes the call on who is essential and who is not, and each federal department, as we see above in the judicial example, has formulated its shutdown protocols. Westmoreland writes:
<blockquote>
There has been a lot of legal interpretation (including during the Reagan and Clinton Administrations) of what this means. Overall, it has been interpreted narrowly but not rigidly. But the threat to life or property has to be "imminent." Air-traffic controllers and meat inspectors can generally keep working. People writing checks or doing maintenance generally cannot.
</blockquote>
Worried about that federal payment that may be coming to you? You may be right to be concerned. Most payments will come, but others won't. As Jackson notes, new Social Security or Medicare checks or applications may not be processed as quickly (or not at all) until funding is restored. But Westmoreland says funding for Social Security doesn't go away on October 1:
<blockquote>
There is also another group of activities that are not really an exception to the Act because they actually meet the terms of the Act: programs that already have received an appropriation from the Congress. Most government activities are funded by the Congress for just one year at a time. But some -- like Social Security -- have permanent funding in their statutes. Others may have multi-year funding that will not expire on September 30. Those programs won't shut down, although some of the staff who make the programs work more easily or more efficiently might have to stay home because their salaries are part of the annual spending bill.
</blockquote>
So, barring a degree of political bipartisanship that seems increasingly unlikely, a dusty law designed in the 1880s to stop excessive federal spending will be employed next week to guide the government in a dispute over, well, excessive federal spending.
"The irony is that it always costs money to restart them and they typically get their back pay for the days they don't work, the government employees, and they have to catch up on the work that's not done while they are on these involuntary furloughs," Jackson said."So it's a very expensive way to play politics over the fiscal crisis."
Click <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/follow-the-atlantic/">here</a> to follow <keyword id="1816953" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="The-Atlantic">The Atlantic</keyword>.
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