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A US court has asked <keyword id="285457" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Antrix">Antrix</keyword> Corporation, the commercial arm of Indian Space Research Organisation, to pay compensation of USD 1.2 billion to a Bengaluru-based startup, <keyword id="406024" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Devas-Multimedia">Devas Multimedia</keyword>, for cancelling a satellite deal in 2005. As per the agreement in January 2005, Antrix agreed to build, launch and operate two satellites and to make available 70 MHz of S-band spectrum to Devas, which the latter planned to use to offer hybrid satellite and terrestrial communication services throughout India. The agreement was terminated by Antrix in February 2011. Over the next several years, Devas approached various legal avenues in India. This included the Supreme Court, which directed for a tribunal. In his order dated October 27, Judge Thomas S Zilly, US District Judge, Western District of Washington, Seattle, ruled that Antrix Corporation pay a compensation of USD 562.5 million to Devas Multimedia Corporation and the related interest rate amounting to a total of USD 1.2 billion. In its lawsuit filed in the US District Court, Western District of Washington in September 2018, Devas Multimedia said three separate international tribunals and nine different arbitrators have found the termination of the Devas-Antrix agreement to have been wrongful, with one of the tribunals describing it as "conduct 'which shocks, or at least surprises, a sense of juridical propriety,'" and another finding it to be "a clear breach of simple good faith" by India. Antrix, in November 2018, had sought the dismissal of the lawsuit citing jurisdictional issues. The court, however, asserted that it had jurisdiction over the issue, but stayed the matter for one year and asked the two to file a joint status report by April 15, 2020. On July 16, 2020, both Devas and Antrix filed the instant motion, a Joint Status Report in which they disputed whether the court should lift or extend the stay, and, if the latter, whether Antrix be required to post security. Devas, according to submissions, has argued that the US court has jurisdiction over these cases, as Antrix engages in business in this district and across the United States. Antrix and Spaceflight Industries, which is headquartered in Seattle have an agreement to provide satellite launch services using India's PSLV rocket. Antrix and RBC Signals LLC, which is headquartered in Redmond, Washington have a worldwide agreement to provide space communications services to satellite operators. Antrix in 2018 launched a satellite for Redmond, a Washington-based Planetary Resources. Antrix agreed in 2015 to launch two satellites for Colorado-based PlanetiQ. Antrix is contracted with DigitalGlobe, which has headquarters in Colorado and other locations in Florida, Virginia and Washington to procure certain satellite data, which is then distributed by the Indian Space Research Organisation's National Remote Sensing Centre. Devas said that after the initial signing of the agreement, the two companies performed in good faith for five years. Among other things, in May 2009, Dr Appanna Bhaskarnaryana, the Director of the Satellite Communications Programme Office of <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>, spent four to five weeks in the US with Devas personnel meeting with Hughes Networks, Sirius XM SkyTerra, Qualcomm and ICO North America to understand the technologies used by, and operation of, hybrid satellite-terrestrial operators providing telecommunications services. Devas subsequently conducted experimental trials in India (attended by Antrix officials, including the company's then chairman), Chengdu and Beijing in China, and Stuttgart in Germany, which successfully demonstrated the hybrid satellite-terrestrial systems and end-user terminals that Devas had developed in conjunction with a global network of leading technology players such as Alcatel Lucent, it said. On February 25, 2011, Antrix issued a termination notice to Devas, which among other things stated that the policy decision was of the central government, acting in its sovereign capacity is the event of force majeure, which was an occurrence on February 23, 2011. "The scope and duration of the said decision cannot be anticipated. It is likely to be indefinite. It is not possible for Antrix to take any effective step to resume the obligations under the agreement," Antrix said. Devas disputed Antrix's repudiation of the agreement and sought to conduct discussions among senior management as contemplated by that agreement. In June 2011, Devas commenced arbitration proceedings under the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce. Antrix initially refused to participate in the arbitration and obtained an injunction from the Indian Supreme Court enjoining the arbitration. After one year, the Supreme Court lifted the injunction, allowing the arbitration to proceed. Thereafter, Antrix participated fully in the arbitration. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/kepler-estimates-there-are-at-least-300-million-potentially-habitable-planets-within-the-milky-way-galaxy/articleshow/78946863.cms">Kepler estimates there are at least 300 million potentially habitable planets within the Milky Way galaxy</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/mit-has-a-new-ai-model-that-can-detect-asymptomatic-covid-19-patients-just-by-the-using-the-sound-of-their-coughs-recorded-over-phone-calls/articleshow/78927475.cms">MIT has a new AI model that can detect asymptomatic COVID-19 patients just by the using the sound of their coughs recorded over phone calls</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/tata-communications-executive-explains-how-iot-is-expanding-beyond-manufacturing-and-which-sectors-are-showing-the-fastest-growth/articleshow/78924587.cms">EXCLUSIVE: Tata Communications’ IoT head explains how COVID is driving the next wave of Internet of Things</a>

US court asks ISRO's commercial arm to $1.2 billion compensation to Bengaluru start-up for cancelling a satellite deal

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is inviting applications for technicians, technical and scientific assistants, draughtsman and other posts. With this, the space agency plans to fill as many as 150 vacancies. The vacancies are at the UR Rao Satellite Centre in Bengaluru. Interested candidates can apply online at the official website isro.gov.in. Last date to apply is March 6, 2020. The selected engineers will be hired on a monthly compensation of up to ₹44,900, depending on the qualification. In 2019, ISRO was also featured among the top five workplaces in India by the online job search platform Indeed, turning out to be the only government organisation on the list. According to the official announcement, the age of the applicants should be between 18 and 35 years. Science students with bachelor’s degree or diploma are eligible to apply. Here’s how to apply: <ul><li>Visit the official website <a href="http://www.isro.gov.in">www.isro.gov.in</a> </li><li>Apply online to register for the post and save the registration number for future reference </li><li>Pay the application fee of ₹250 </li><li>Download the hall ticket.</li></ul>Meanwhile the space agency is also inviting applications for its Young Scientists Programme — <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/trends/isro-to-launch-young-scientists-programme-for-students-on-feb-3-check-eligibility-criteria-other-details/story/395311.html">YUVIKA (YUva VIgyani KAryakram) </a>— for school students. The last date of application is February 24. The ten day long programme — which will be held from May 11 to May 22 — aims to create awareness of space theories and related technologies.

ISRO is hiring scientific and technical assistants at a salary of ₹44,900 per month, check and apply @isro.gov.in

<ul><li>India just tested is anti-satellite weapon (ASAT) by taking down a live satellite in low earth orbit. </li><li>While this may make India a 'space power', it weakens its fight against dangerous space debris.</li><li>In the past, Russian satellites have been destroyed by space debris that was left behind by China's testing of its ASAT.</li></ul>India’s prime minister, Narendra Modi, just announced the successful test of India’s anti-satellite weapon (ASAT). In his address to the nation, where he highlighted India’s entry to the club of the world’s space powers — he left out any mention of the resulting space debris. 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="narendramodi" handlename="Chowkidar Narendra Modi" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/718314968102367232/ypY1GPCQ_normal.jpg" favoritecount="30875" retweetcount="10983" status="In the journey of every nation there are moments that bring utmost pride and have a historic impact on generations… https://t.co/nrGnTyDXdh" createdat="1553670539000" id="1110800868058660864"></div>















 And, while this gambit adds India to the list of the select few nations to have done so successfully, it’s out of place with India’s role as a member of the Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee (IADC). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="&quot;A similar test by China in 2007 has left behind a lot of debris which is still floating around.&quot;" auname="Ajay Lele, Senior Fellow with the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA)"></div>















 As a member of IADC, such a test by India could undermine the country’s credibility in the arena. India is also a signatory of the Outer Space Treaty which prohibits the use of weapons in space and requires nations to take steps to mitigate space debris. With respect to the first part Kumar Abhijeet, a member of the International Institute of Space Law (IISL) clarifies, "If we look up the international treaty. Nowhere is ASAT testing prohibited. We are very much within the international laws to make use of it." But, in cases where space debris is created, nations are under the obligation to pay compensation for any damages that arise from it. 
 
 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="We are well within the norms, but if at all there any debris that has been created, since we are a part of international treaties, we owe the liability as well." auname="Kumar Abhijeet, Member of the International Institute of Space Law and Research Scholar at the Institute of Air and Space Law"></div>









 When China <a href="https://swfound.org/media/9550/chinese_asat_fact_sheet_updated_2012.pdf">tested</a> its ASAT capabilities back in 2007, the test left behind 2,500 to 3,000 pieces of dangerous space debris in Earth’s low earth orbit (LEO). And despite never ending perception of space, debris in that particular region is a threat to other satellites. A Russian satellite was one such <a href="https://www.space.com/20138-russian-satellite-chinese-space-junk.html">victim</a> in 2013, when a piece of space debris struck the body of the satellite, destroying it. And, the question is not solely about space debris destroying other satellites. It's also about how space debris can result in more space debris as it knocks into older objects left behind in space. The true danger is that some of these pieces of debris are so small that it's nearly impossible to track them. Unlike China, where the test was conducted at an altitude of 800 km, India's ASAT test was conducted only 300 km above the Earth where the probability of space debris is unlikely. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="Debris also depends on where we’re doing the test. In China’s case, they did it at 800kms — we’ve conducted ours at 300kms. The debris will most likely burn up in the atmosphere. So there is minimum chance of debris being created." auname="Kumar Abhijeet, Member of the International Institute of Space Law and Research Scholar at the Institute of Air and Space Law"></div>













 'Operation Burn Frost' was conducted in a similar manner at an altitude of 240km. Even then, while most of the debris managed to fall back to Earth within a year, a few pieces were still blasted to a higher orbit. To prove it’s military might in space, India had the option of <a href="https://defenceupdate.in/space-war-indias-anti-satellite-weapons/">conducting</a> a fly-by test where, instead of destroying a live satellite, the missile would just glide past. A former Integrated Defence Staff Lieutenant General, HS Lidder, saw this coming when he <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25216230/ns/technology_and_science-space/t/indian-army-wants-military-space-program/">said</a>, “With time, we will get sucked into the military race to protect space assets and inevitably there will be a military contest in space. In a life and death scenario, space will provide the advantage.” See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/prime-minister-modi-in-his-live-address-says-indian-scientists-shot-down-a-low-orbit-satellite-300-km-away-in-space/articleshow/68593276.cms">Indian enters an elite space club after scientists shoot down a low orbit satellite 300 km away in space, says Prime Minister Modi</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-is-to-trying-to-beat-elon-musks-spacex-success/articleshow/67550362.cms">India’s apex space agency is following Elon Musk's idea — and taking it a step forward</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a>

India's test of its anti-satellite weapon may have weakened its fight against dangerous space debris

<ul><li>ISRO plans to reach the south side of the moon where no nation has gone before. </li><li>They have plans to study potential mining of <keyword id="6656023" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="helium-3">helium-3</keyword>, a a source of waste-free <keyword id="53710" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nuclear-energy">nuclear energy</keyword> which is worth trillions of dollars. </li><li>If successful, the mission could add significantly to the scientific, military and commercial gains of the country and the world. </li></ul>ISRO plans to reach the south side of the moon where no nation has gone before and a rover is expected to be launched for this in October. Once they get there, they plan to study if mining the surface of the moon for water and helium-3 is possible. Helium-3 is a source of waste-free nuclear energy which, when harnessed, is worth trillions of dollars. The Helium-3 isotope can provide safer nuclear energy as it is not radioactive and doesn't produce dangerous waste products. The Helium-3 isotopes are limited on Earth but found in abundance on the moon due to the heavy solarwinds it is in contact with. If the isotopes on the moon are harnessed, they could theoretically meet the global energy demands for 250 years. However, that could require overcoming a lot of difficulties like mining the lunar surface and building of power plants for starters. The exploration on the moon is open to all countries and therefore, <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> is facing tough competition from other governments, start-ups and billionaires. However, the chairman of ISRO, K Sivan, has declared that he wants to dictate this mission of harnessing Helium-3 and not just be a part of it like the other countries. If successful, the mission could lead to the scientific, military and commercial gains of the country and world, in general. China had put a rover on the moon in 2013 with its Chang'e 3 mission and has plans to return later this year to explore the far side. Furthermore, US is calling for astronauts to return to the moon too, and NASA has proposed a $19 billion budget to launch a lunar orbiter by the early 2020s. ISRO’s estimated budget, about $1.7 billion, is less than a 10th of NASA’s, but having said that, ISRO’s hallmarks include getting the job done cheaply yet effectively. The upcoming mission will cost about $125 million which is less than a quarter of Snap Inc co-founder’s compensation last year, according to the Bloomberg Pay Index. India’s confidence in the success of this mission has increased because it has already had one successful moon mission. The Chandrayaan-1 craft, launched by India in October 2008, had discovered molecules of water in the lunar surface for the first time. The upcoming launch called <keyword id="53289" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</keyword> will include an orbiter, lander and a rectangular rover and cover an area with a 400-meter radius. It will collect information for at least 14 days and send images to the lander, to be transmitted back to ISRO for analysis. Rakesh Sharma, a famous Indian space traveller, said that even if India reaches the moon first, one can not draw boundaries there. He wants India to show that its capable of utilising <keyword id="6422364" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-technology">space technology</keyword> for the good of people.

ISRO to step on unexplored side of the moon to harness trillion dollars’ worth of nuclear energy

<ul><li>The Ordinance seeks amendments to the 125-year-old <keyword id="552772" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Epidemic-Diseases-Act">Epidemic Diseases Act</keyword>, 1897, that protects health workers in the country. </li><li>The Indian government in April approved an ordinance that recognised any crime against health workers in India as a “cognizable and non-bailable” offence. </li><li>It means that offenders can be arrested without a warrant, and no bail will be granted. </li></ul>The Indian government is preparing to introduce over 20 bills for discussion in the monsoon session of the Parliament, which is slated to begin on September 14. Moreover, 11 ordinances will also have to be passed during the session, as most of them face an expiration date by the winter. Among the ordinances to be discussed is Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance 2020. The Ordinance seeks amendments to the 125-years-old Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, that protects health workers in the country. What is the Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance 2020? The Indian government in April approved an ordinance that recognised any crime against health workers in India as a “cognizable and non-bailable” offence. It means that offenders can be arrested without a warrant, and no bail would be granted. Offenders can also be fined anywhere between ₹50,000 to ₹2 lakh and will also have to serve a prison term between 3 months to five years, Union Minister Prakash Javadekar had said in April. Moreover, people who damage the vehicles of healthcare workers or clinics will have to compensate by paying twice the value of the damaged property. These cases will be fast-tracked. An investigation against such cases will take place within 30 days, and a decision will be announced within a year. Why the need to amend the Epidemic Diseases Act 1987 now? The Epidemic Diseases Act is a century-old law enacted when Bombay (Mumbai) was hit by Bubonic plague. Over the years, it has been used to prevent the spread of epidemics including H1N1 influenza in 2009, Cholera in 2018 etc. Ever since the pandemic began, several <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/indian-doctors-attacked-abused-assaulted-while-fighting-coronavirus/articleshow/74961776.cms">incidences of abusive behaviour</a> against the doctors came to light. People were said to be pelting stones and attacking health workers. At some places, a mob tried to stop a medical team from taking a <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> infected man into isolation. The Indian government then said that it will not tolerate any incident of violence or harassment against the doctors. Since the amendments were made in April and is applicable during the pandemic only Several experts have lauded the ordinance and<a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/covid-19-pandemic-coronavirus-ima-indian-medical-association-ordinance-ensuring-doctors-safety-6380562/"> asked</a> the government to extend the ordinance to post-COVID period as well. “The ordinance has been brought as an amendment to the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897, and hence, may become infructuous after the pandemic is declared over. We do hope that the pandemic dies down at the earliest, but want an assurance that the ordinance will remain in force,” <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/covid-19-pandemic-coronavirus-ima-indian-medical-association-ordinance-ensuring-doctors-safety-6380562/">Dr S K Sarin, Director, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences wrote. </a> SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-doubles-down-on-startups-and-msme-for-space-technology-launches-seed-program-and-reviews-over-200-applications-under-arise-mission/articleshow/78037431.cms">ISRO doubles down on startups and MSME for space technology — launches SEED program and reviews over 200 applications under ARISE mission</a>

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US court asks ISRO's commercial arm to $1.2 billion compensation to Bengaluru start-up for cancelling a satellite deal

PTI

ISRO is hiring scientific and technical assistants at a salary of ₹44,900 per month, check and apply @isro.gov.in

Prerna Sindwani

India's test of its anti-satellite weapon may have weakened its fight against dangerous space debris

Prabhjote Gill

ISRO to step on unexplored side of the moon to harness trillion dollars’ worth of nuclear energy

BI India Bureau

What is the Epidemic Diseases (Amendment) Ordinance — key provisions up for Parliament's consideration

BI India Bureau

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