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<keyword id="431538" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Astrosat">AstroSat</keyword>, Indias first multi- wavelength satellite, has detected an extreme ultraviolet (UV) light from a galaxy which is 9.3 billion light-years away from Earth, the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) said on Monday. A release from the Pune-based Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics said a global team led by IUCAA scientists have achieved the major breakthrough. "Indias first multi-wavelength satellite, which has five unique X-ray and ultraviolet telescopes working in tandem, AstroSat, has detected extreme-UV light from a galaxy, called AUDFs01, 9.3 billion light-yearsaway from Earth," said it said. The discovery was made by an international team of astronomers led by Dr Kanak Saha, associate professor of astronomy at the IUCAA, and published on August 24 by 'Nature Astronomy', the release said. This team comprised scientists from India, France, Switzerland, the USA, Japan and The Netherlands. Saha and his team observed the galaxy, which is located in the <keyword id="9818101" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="hubble-extreme-deep-field">Hubble Extreme Deep field</keyword>, through AstroSat. These observations lasted for more than 28 hours in October 2016, the release stated. But it took nearly two years since then to carefully analyse the data to ascertain that the emission is indeed from the galaxy. Since UV radiation is absorbed by Earths atmosphere, it has to be observed from space, it said. Earlier, NASAs Hubble Space Telescope (HST), a significantly larger than UVIT (UV imaging telescope), did not detect any UV emission (with energygreater than 13.6 eV) from this galaxy because it is too faint, it said. AstroSat/UVIT was able to achieve this unique feat because the background noise in the UVITdetector is much less than the ones on HST," said the release quoting Saha. Saha said they knew it would be an uphill task to convince the international community that UVIT has recorded extreme-UV emission from this galaxy when more powerful HST has not. Dr Somak Raychaudhury, Director of IUCAA, said, "This is a very important clue to how the dark ages of the universe ended and there was light in the universe. "We need to know when this started, but it has been very hard to find the earliest sources of light. I am very proud that my colleagues have made such an important discovery." SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/congress-working-committee-cwc-meeting-updates-decision-on-congress-new-president-sonia-gandhi-or-rahul-gandhi/articleshow/77717675.cms">Sonia Gandhi offers to quit, Manmohan Singh holds her back and Rahul Gandhi questions party leaders — the CWC meeting reveals the cracks in Congress</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/cognizant-says-it-will-spend-2-7-crore-to-restore-sebakkam-lake-and-help-natural-marshland-pallikaranai-wetland/articleshow/77716094.cms">Cognizant says it will spend ₹2.7 crore to restore one of India's last natural marshlands in Chennai</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/axis-bank-trims-its-investment-in-max-life-insurance-from-30-to-18/articleshow/77721249.cms">Axis Bank trims its investment in Max Life Insurance from 30% to 18%</a>

India's first multi-wavelength satellite detects galaxy 9.3 billion light years away

<ul><li>The US-based National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) congratulates India’s AstroSat for discovering one of the farthest galaxies in the universe. </li><li>According to Union Minister Jitendra Singh, AstroSat’s <keyword id="9866507" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ultraviolet-imaging-telescope">Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope</keyword> (UVIT) cuts through noise even better than the Hubble Space Telescope. </li><li>The galaxy, dubbed AUDFs01 is located 9.3 billion light years from Earth. </li></ul>Nearly 10 billion light-years away from Earth, Indian astronomers discovered one of the farthest galaxies in the universe using the country’s first Multi-Wavelength Space Observatory — <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1173-5">AstroSat</a>. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="77733544" title="India's first multi-wavelength satellite detects galaxy 9.3 billion light years away" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> And the reason it was able to make the significant discovery was that AstroSat’s Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) has less background noise as compared to the US-based National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Hubble Space Telescope, according to Union Minister <a href="http://achemaster.indiatimes.com/?type=login&amp;tempCode=7cTy5BS3wpcxDEBsG3eF6n3PSQUvy_N3zX-XJMcz5oIjdkPWJ2-8SncyRFoLxySJ">Jitendra Singh</a>. Nonetheless, NASA took the discovery in stride, reaching out to congratulate India on its milestone. “Science is collaborative effort around the world &amp; discoveries like these help further humankind’s understanding of where we come from, where are we going, &amp; are we alone,” NASA Public Affairs Officer, Felicia Chou told <a href="https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1300930767497777152">ANI.</a> The team of astronomers from the Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) in Pune published their discovery of the galaxy dubbed AUDFs01 in <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1173-5">Nature Astronomy</a> on August 24. AstroSat’s edge over NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope Astrosat has been in orbit around Earth for nearly five years — to the day. It launched aboard the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) workhorse, the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), on 28 September 2015. <div type="image" title="astrosat_edited" msid="77883484" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;AstroSat during a pre-launch test inside a clean room&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> The UVIT was the last of the satellite’s six payloads to come alive on 30 November 2015. It's a three-in-one imaging telescope. This means it can simultaneously observe the visible, the near-ultraviolet (NUV) and the far-ultraviolet (FUV). It has filters to differentiate between the three. Aside from the filters, the most important aspects of the UVIT are the detectors. This is where the AstroSat has a less up over the Hubble Space Telescope. These are photon-counting detectors that can measure the location and time of incidence of each photon — particles of light — individually, according to <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/article-files/node/7356/astrosat-book-final.pdf">ISRO.</a> “UVIT was a challenging instrument to design and build. It had to deal with unique problems of ultraviolet astronomy, incorporate modern technology and also withstand the intense mechanical vibrations during launch and the thermal and radiative extremes of outer space,” said ISRO in its book about AstroSat. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/musks-spacex-completes-first-polar-orbit-in-off-shore-landing-by-falcon-9-booster/articleshow/77845337.cms">Elon Musk owned SpaceX completes its first polar orbit mission as Falcon 9’s booster nails off-shore landing</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/mars-spotted-first-time-by-uae-hope-probe-on-its-maiden-voyage-in-space/articleshow/77775267.cms">UAE’s Hope probe spots Mars for the very first time on its maiden voyage through space</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-chandrayaan-2-identifies-craters-that-may-have-water-after-mapping-4-million-square-kilometres-of-the-moon-in-its-first-year/slidelist/77667105.cms">ISRO’s Chandrayaan 2 identifies craters that may have water after mapping 4 million square kilometres of the Moon in its first year</a>

NASA congratulates Indian scientists for discovering one of the farthest galaxies in the universe

<ul><li>India’s <keyword id="431538" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Astrosat">AstroSat</keyword> and <keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>’s <keyword id="2228961" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandra-X-Ray-Observatory">Chandra X-Ray Observatory</keyword> have confirmed the discovery of a <keyword id="6409890" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-hole">black hole</keyword> spinning close to the maximum possible speed. </li><li>A black hole spinning that fast can make <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="space">space</keyword> itself rotate according to Einstein’s theory of relativity.</li><li>In comparison, the Milky Way's own supermassive black hole moves much slower hardly taking in any energy around it.</li><li>This black hole is only one of five to have an accurately measured high spin rate. </li><li>Researchers hypothesise that this could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed.</li></ul><keyword id="4740034" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-holes">Black holes</keyword>, while fascinating, are hardly a new discovery - but a black hole spinning at one of the highest speeds ever, according to the <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/isro-nasa-project-finds-black-hole-that-spins-near-max-possible-rate/story-fKCARQcL31VY74fVjgTrJJ.html">Hindustan Times</a>, is a completely different story — especially when there have only ever been four others like it. In comparison, the Milky Way's own supermassive black hole — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">Sagittarius A*</a> — is relatively inactive. It moves at a much slower speed. While observing it using infrared, the black hole flickers every now and then as it takes in dust as gas. NASA initially estimated that Sagittarius A* was only taking in 1% of the energy that comes it away only to realise that its consumption is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">even lower </a> at 1% of that 1%. In 2016, India's first dedicated astronomy satellite, the AstroSat, first <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c30-astrosat-mission/astrosat-observes-high-energy-x-ray-variability-of-black-hole-system">spotted the black hole</a> in the binary star system called 4U 1630-47, which is bursting out X-rays that astronomers found unusual. NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory later confirmed the outburst. Those X-rays were caused by gas and dust falling into the black hole, which is about 10 times the mass of the sun, and they revealed to researchers that the object is spinning very, very rapidly. In fact, according to <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/08-003.html">NASA</a> this particular black hole is spinning very close to the limit set by Albert <keyword id="433617" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Einsteins-theory-of-relativity">Einstein's theory of relativity</keyword>, according to Rodrigo Nemmen, the lead author on the research paper. That means it is spinning close to the speed of light. Spinning to break barriers Currently, scientists only have two ways of measuring <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Physicists-have-discovered-that-rotating-black-holes-might-serve-as-portals-for-hyperspace-travel/articleshow/68434150.cms">black holes</a> - either by their mass or by their spin rate. A spin rate can be anywhere between 0 and 1: this black hole was spinning at the rate of 0.9. Einstein's theory further implies that if a black hole spinning that fast, then it is capable of making space itself rotate. In fact, if the conditions around black holes are hypothesised to be correct, then the high spin rate coupled with the gaseous elements entering the black hole and high temperatures, could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed. Including the black hole discovered by the AstroSat, there are only five black holes have accurately measured high spin rates. Even if you're not taking spin rates into account, this black hole of one of only 20 others that have been spotted in the Milky Way Galaxy. The Indian Space Research Organisation's (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/here-is-a-list-of-isros-biggest-launches-over-the-last-2-years-that-showcase-indias-space-prowess/slidelist/52401346.cms">ISRO</a>) AstroSat along with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Chandra X-Ray Observatory have confirmed the speed of the spinning black hole. The study was conducted by researchers from multiple institutions led by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">There was a big spark — 75 times brighter than usual — from the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-black-hole-bigger-than-the-sun-is-pulling-on-the-fabric-of-space-and-time/articleshow/69127080.cms">A black hole bigger than the sun is pulling on the fabric of space and time</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Our very own black hole in the Milky Way doesn’t quite eat up ‘everything’</a>

ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate

The Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) has grown by leaps and bounds over the past year — from setting up <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/union-budget-2019-isros-new-commerical-arm-is-new-space-india-limited/articleshow/70086097.cms">New Space India Limited</a> to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/jeff-bezos-is-rooting-for-indias-chandrayaan-2-to-reach-the-moon-safe-and-sound/articleshow/71016790.cms">trying to land on the Moon</a>. In 2020, ISRO plans to hit another milestone by studying the Sun for the very first time. "India is quite advanced in the field of astronomy, and we have taken path-breaking initiatives in this field. ISRO has an astronomical satellite called ASTROSAT. Moreover, they are planning to launch a satellite called Aditya, to study the sun," said Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his monthly Mann ki Baat broadcast on All India Radio. The Sun is the keeper of many secrets. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasas-sun-probe-sheds-new-light-on-our-star-here-the-5-new-secrets-it-uncovered/articleshow/72395624.cms">Parker Solar Probe</a> has already demonstrated how our understanding of the Sun is fairly limited. India’s <keyword id="3586950" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aditya-L1">Aditya L1</keyword> mission was sanctioned in 2008 with a budget of ₹127.5 crore. It’s pegged to launch in April 2020 will 7 instruments to study various aspects of the Sun. Here’s what Aditya L1 is hoping to learn on ISRO’s first mission to study the Sun:

8 pictures you must see to understand what ISRO's Aditya L1 is looking for

In 2014 the Union Government of India allocated a 50% increased budget to <keyword id="6358064" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> granting Rs 6,000 crores (US$1.2 billion) planned and Rs 1,238 crores (approx US $ 25.75 million) unplanned. ISRO had a total of Rs 7,238 crores (approximately US$1.3 billion) as compared to the previous year budget allocation. 
 2014 was a successful year for ISRO with PSLV, GSLV launch vehicles for launching of satellites, Chandrayaan (Moon) probe and the recent wonder of the Mangalayaan or <keyword id="6356585" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mom">MOM</keyword> ,the Mars probe, proving the combined efforts of ISRO and the Indian Space industry are on the right track. 
 
The encouraging factor is that most of the missions have been accomplished the first time and on almost shoe-string budgets (Mars probe cost India just US $ 74 million) when compared to worldwide space programs. 
 
It is also encouraging not only for ISRO but the Space sector industry involved in the development and manufacturing of the sensitive equipment. International awards have been earned and ISRO has made the country proud of its achievements. 
 
ISRO and the Indian Space Sector are proud examples and have given the right impetus to the Prime Minister’s ‘Made in India’ drive by largely using components and technology developed within the country cutting down costs considerably. 
 
ISRO is spreading its wings and the year 2015 is going to be packed with several important missions and in tandem it will be increasing and improving its launch pads, infrastructure and technical support. 
 
India’s space programs and will continue to focus on social and economical development. It has one of the world’s largest satellite networks covering communications and information technology, education, weather and disaster management, land and water management, navigation, business, and of course, military applications.. 
 
ISRO will continue to develop its launch vehicles and also try to reduce dependency on using foreign launch vehicles especially for heavy communication satellites, which increases cost of a mission by about 30 to 40%. 
 
It has come a long way and now has launched not only its own satellites but satellites for other countries generating revenue. It will be launching five foreign satellites out of which three are from UK. It has also contracted to launch two Indonesian satellites. 
 
The Indian Regional Satellite Navigation System or IRNSS constellation will be completed with the launch of additional four satellites. GSAT-6 communication satellite is being readied to be launched by GSLV rocket. 
 
India will be spending US $ 150 million for launch hire for launching its heavy three tonnes communication satellites GSAT–15 and GSAT-16 through Europe’s Ariane 5. 
 
The indigenously developed cryogenic engine (2014 budget was US $ 30 million) will be developed further. The GSLV-Mark III made to carry heavy satellites of 4 tones will be tested. The GSLV-Mark III will also test a giant cup cake like unmanned Crew Module for atmospheric re entry flight, aero braking and end to end parachute validation. 
 In line infrastructure development with the construction of a third launch pad for heavy vehicles in the <keyword id="1373812" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="GSLV-Mark-III">GSLV Mark III</keyword> category is also being studied along with a second rocket assembly building at <keyword id="6355143" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sriharikota">Sriharikota</keyword>. 
 
It may appear that pure space exploration has been put aside but ISRO is planning to test launch Astrosat India’s astronomical laboratory in 2015. The Venus probe in 2015 and preparations for Moon and Sun probes in 2016 and 2017 and perhaps a second Mars probe in 2016 will keep ISRO fully engaged. 
 
Taking into account its successful track record it is fair to assume that the Union Government will be generous and grant ISRO a morale booster increase of 50% on the 2014 budget.

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India's first multi-wavelength satellite detects galaxy 9.3 billion light years away

PTI

NASA congratulates Indian scientists for discovering one of the farthest galaxies in the universe

Prabhjote Gill

ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate

Prabhjote Gill

8 pictures you must see to understand what ISRO's Aditya L1 is looking for

Prabhjote Gill

Can Indian Space Industry expect a repeat 50% budget increase in 2015

Preetam Kaushik

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