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<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Hurricane Joaquin is coming.&#xa0;It has already <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-joaquin-thursday-updates-2015-10">touched down</a> in the Bahamas and is causing heavy flooding&#xa0;there.The storm is rapidly increasing in intensity, having grown&#xa0;from a tropical storm&#xa0;to a Category 3 hurricane in just&#xa0;24 hours. It is <a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2015/10/01/hurricane_joaquin_forecast_an_unknowable_storm_approaches_the_east_coast.html">expected to reach at least Category 4</a> status by the end of the day Thursday.While the path of Joaquin is <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/category/hurricane-joaquin">incredibly hard to predict</a>, meteorologists are expecting <a href="http://www.techinsider.io/east-coast-expecting-2-feet-of-rain-from-hurricane-joaquin-2015-9">heavy rainfall </a>along the east coast, regardless of where the hurricane eventually lands.New Jersey governor Chris Christie has <a href="http://6abc.com/weather/christie-declares-state-of-emergency-in-nj-ahead-of-joaquin/1011405/">already declared</a> a state of emergency in preparation for the storm. Officials are warning residents in coastal areas&#xa0;to prepare for severe flooding from storm surges and intense rainfall.Yet while a hurricane's strength is defined by the speed of its wind, the water is really what can kill you. In fact, the National Hurricane Center estimates that <a href="http://www.weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/hurricanes-tropical-storms-us-deaths-surge-flooding">75% of all deaths</a> from hurricanes in the US between 1963 and 2012 were due to storm surges and rainfall flooding.Roaring winds and resulting tornadoes only caused about 10 to 15% of deaths in the US during that time.<div></div><h2 class="embed-spacer">Storm surge</h2>The <a href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/prepare/hazards.php">number one greatest&#xa0;threat</a> from&#xa0;a hurricane comes from storm surges. They are responsible for&#xa0;<a href="http://www.weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/hurricanes-tropical-storms-us-deaths-surge-flooding">about half</a> of all US deaths from hurricanes.Storm surges are produced by the force of a hurricane's winds pushing water toward the shore. A storm's winds can cause an abnormally large rise in the water level, which can destroy buildings, bridges and roads; sweep people away; and cause damaging erosion to beaches and dunes.&#xa0;To get an idea of their incredible power, storm surges produced by Hurricane Katrina alone in 2005 contributed - directly and indirectly - to at least <a href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/surge/">1,5000 deaths</a>.<h2 class="embed-spacer">Heavy rainfall and flooding</h2>The second most deadly effect of a tropical cyclone is flooding, which is especially dangerous&#xa0;for people living inland. Storms can produce torrential rains of more than 6 inches, and can cause a rapid rise in water levels quickly during a flash flood.&#xa0;Rainfall is not directly related to the&#xa0;strength of a hurricane, but to the speed and size of the storm, as well as an area's geography. "Slower moving and larger storms produce more rainfall," the <a href="http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/prepare/hazards.php">National Hurricane Center reports</a>. "In addition, mountainous terrain enhances rainfall from a tropical cyclone."In 2011, Hurricane Irene caused a surge of flooding in New York state and New England. Of the 41 deaths in the US resulting from the storm, <a href="http://www.weather.com/safety/hurricane/news/hurricanes-tropical-storms-us-deaths-surge-flooding">Weather.com reports</a>, more than half were from rainfall flooding.As&#xa0;Marshall Shepherd, director of the atmospheric-sciences program at the University of Georgia, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-joaquin-forecast-thursday-2015-10">told Business Insider</a>: "The Bahamas are experiencing the hurricane at its strongest. But it might be just as treacherous because of all the rain."If you live in an area with a risk of flooding, check out <a href="http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/floods/readiness.asp">the CDC's tips</a> on staying safe during a storm, and <a href="http://emergency.cdc.gov/disasters/hurricanes/evacuate.asp">what you should know</a> if you are ordered to evacuate your home.

Winds aren't the most dangerous part of a hurricane

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="11899295" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="tropical-storm" source="Orion">Tropical Storm</keyword> Nicholas is expected to make landfall along the middle <keyword id="11896956" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="texas" source="Orion">Texas</keyword> coast Monday night.</li><li>It "could be near <keyword id="11911087" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="hurricane" source="Orion">hurricane</keyword> intensity level at landfall," the National Hurricane Center said.</li><li>The storm is expected to bring heavy rainfall and potential floods to portions of the coasts of Texas and <keyword id="11910052" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="louisiana" source="Orion">Louisiana</keyword>.</li></ul>Tropical Storm Nicholas could strengthen into a hurricane by the time it makes landfall in Texas later Monday, bringing with it heavy rainfall and potential floods, forecasters warned. The storm, which was just off the Gulf Coast Monday morning, is expected to "approach the middle Texas coast as a tropical storm today, and could be near hurricane intensity level at landfall," the National Hurricane Center said. Additionally, the agency warned that tropical storm conditions are expected along portions of the middle Texas coast by Monday afternoon, with hurricane conditions possible from the Texas areas of Port Aransas to Freeport through Monday night. The agency also warned of tropical storm conditions along portions of the northeastern coast of Mexico. The storm, which currently has maximum sustained winds of 60 miles-per-hour, was moving north-northwest at 5 miles-per-hour, according to the latest forecast. Portions of the coasts of Texas and <a href="https://www.insider.com/live-updates-hurricane-ida-louisiana-katrina-gulf-coast-forecast-storm-2021-8">Hurricane Ida-battered Louisiana</a> will be impacted by heavy rainfall from the storm through the middle of the week, the National Hurricane Center said. "Significant rainfall amounts are possible, potentially resulting in areas of considerable flash and urban flooding," the agency said.

Tropical Storm Nicholas could strengthen into a hurricane by the time it makes landfall in Texas

<keyword id="644986" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Heatwaves" source="Orion">Heatwaves</keyword> somewhere, <keyword id="48088" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="floods" source="Orion">floods</keyword> in other parts of the country – India has witnessed extreme <keyword id="14334985" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="weather-patterns-in-2022" source="Orion">weather patterns in 2022</keyword> and we are only just halfway through the year. <div type="image" title="India has witnessed extreme weather patterns in 2022" msid="92584664" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;India has witnessed extreme weather patterns in 2022 &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Erratic monsoon in India India is witnessing <a href="https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/nature-and-wildlife/article/erratic-rainfall-pattern-in-india-amid-climate-change-warns-ipcc-report-23223005">erratic</a> rainfall after suffering from intense heat waves in April. On one hand, Assam has received <a href="https://weather.com/en-IN/india/monsoon/news/2022-06-24-southwest-monsoon-to-cover-india-entirely-between-june-30-and-july-6">too much</a> rainfall and on the other, Jharkhand has received around half of what it’s due. The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/the-winds-of-change-are-changing-the-fortunes-of-indian-farmers/articleshow/92487685.cms">easterly winds</a> that bring monsoon to the Northwest India have been absent in June this year, leading to a dry spell in the region. Instead, those winds drifted to Northeast India, leading to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/the-winds-of-change-are-changing-the-fortunes-of-indian-farmers/articleshow/92487685.cms">floods</a>. As June came to an end, as per <a href="https://twitter.com/ANI/status/1542378873492344835">IMD</a>, Southwest monsoon advanced into entire Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmiri, some parts of Rajasthan, entire Delhi, some parts of Punjab and Haryana on Thursday. According to the latest EcoScope report from research firm Motilal Oswal, India’s cumulative rainfall has a reported deficit of 7% as of June 26, 2022 after reporting a surplus of 20% in 2021 and 22% in 2020. The deficiency of rainfall is because the northwestern, central and southern parts of India have a shortfall of rains, suggesting that the issue is a lot more widespread than initially expected. <div type="image" title="The northwestern, central and southern parts of India have a shortfall of rains" msid="92584693" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The northwestern, central and southern parts of India have a shortfall of rains&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> A see-saw summer From long dry spells to excessive rainfall, 2022 has been a year of extremes so far. As per the India Meteorological Department (IMD), April was the <a href="https://internal.imd.gov.in/press_release/20220402_pr_1551.pdf">hottest</a> month for northwest and central India and the third-hottest April the country has seen over the past 122 years, from 1901 to 2022. The daily high temperatures measured each year have also been increasing at a faster rate than daily low temperatures. This indicates that the distribution of temperature is shifting and <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/02/india-heat-wave-in-pictures.html">changing</a> the ‘normal’ state. In fact, 12 of the country’s 15 <a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1686173">warmest years</a> on record have occurred in the last 30 years. <div type="image" title="12 of the country’s 15 warmest years on record have occurred in the last 30 years" msid="92584779" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;12 of the country&amp;#8217;s 15 warmest years on record have occurred in the last 30 years&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> These recurring patterns of intense hot spells and erratic rainfall could be a sign of climate change and global warming. Our country is also expected to suffer through more frequent and intense hot spells, extreme rainfall and erratic monsoons in the coming decades as the planet warms, said <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/india-s-record-heatwave-to-get-worse-authorities-blame-global-warming-122042900785_1.html">United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel</a>, a body for assessing science related to climate change. Cascading impacts of climate change This radical change in the weather is not good news for a country like India, which is heavily dependent on agriculture as it contributes <a href="https://india.mongabay.com/2021/10/extreme-weather-becomes-the-new-normal-in-indias-main-monsoon-season/">16-20% to GDP</a>, according to Finance Ministry data. In a country like India farmers are heavily dependent on monsoons for irrigating their fields, erratic rainfall and hot summer are the bane for their cultivation. According to a <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.IRIG.AG.ZS">World Bank report</a>, as of 2015, nearly 62% of the agricultural lands in India are dependent on monsoon rains for irrigation. As of 24th Jun’22, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/the-winds-of-change-are-changing-the-fortunes-of-indian-farmers/articleshow/92487685.cms">Kharif sowing</a> is 24% lower than the area sown last year. <div type="image" title="Kharif sowing is 24% lower than the area sown last year" msid="92584805" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Kharif sowing is 24% lower than the area sown last year&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> The 2022 summer, which was ridden with heatwaves, led to cascading impacts not just on human health, but also on ecosystems such as agriculture, water and energy supplies. Power demand spiked and coal inventories dropped, leaving the country with its worst <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/why-are-there-power-cuts-and-heatwave-in-india/articleshow/91177785.cms">power shortage</a> in more than six years. The heat wave also <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/india/after-five-record-crops-heat-wave-threatens-indias-wheat-output-export-plans-2022-05-02/">threatened</a> India’s wheat output plan. According to a World Meteorological Organization report released in 2020, India lost more than <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-lost-87-billion-to-climate-disasters-in-2020-report-101635272896946.html">$87 billion</a> (approx. ₹6.8 lakh crore) due to disasters such as cyclones, floods and droughts. However, there’s still hope to <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/2022/04/04/ipcc-ar6-wgiii-pressrelease/">control</a> climate change. It will involve a substantial reduction in fossil fuel use, widespread electrification, improved energy efficiency, and use of alternative fuels (such as hydrogen).

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Winds aren't the most dangerous part of a hurricane

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