<ul class="summary-list"><li>The loss of the Indonesian submarine <keyword id="11139638" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="KRI-Nanggala">KRI Nanggala</keyword> in April showed the perils of undersea warfare.</li><li>It's not the first time; in 1968, four submarines were lost in five months.</li><li>The causes of those wrecks remain unknown a half-century later.</li></ul><p>In April, after an extensive five-day search, the wreckage of the Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-might-have-happened-to-the-missing-submarine-kri-nanggala-2021-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">was found 2,750 feet underwater</a> in the Bali Sea.</p><p>The submarine had broken into three pieces, tragically confirming that all 53 crew members had perished.</p><p>The exact cause of the sinking remains unknown. Indonesian officials have <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WF3g6oRQrG0" target="_top">ruled out</a> human error and have suggested a power failure or <a href="https://www.npr.org/2021/04/30/992496772/what-is-an-internal-wave-it-might-explain-the-loss-of-an-indonesian-submarine" target="_blank" rel="noopener">undersea wave</a> may have forced the submarine to descend far below its crush depth of about 655 feet. The government plans to recover the submarine <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-sends-rescue-ships-to-help-recover-lost-indonesian-submarine-2021-5" target="_top">with help from China</a>.</p><p>Deep-water submarine sinkings are rare but always fatal, and their causes are hardly ever fully established.</p><p>In 1968, for instance, four submarines from four countries were lost with all hands in a five-month period. Over 50 years later, their causes remain unknown.</p><h2><keyword id="11291807" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ins-dakar">INS Dakar</keyword></h2><div type="image" title="INS Dakar Israeli navy submarine" height="1276" width="2000" msid="82800939" hostid="261"></div><p><a href="https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-archives-on-sunken-dakar-sub-reveal-nothing-new-1.5233307" target="_top">INS Dakar</a> was an Israeli T-class submarine that was launched in 1943 and served in the British navy as HMS Totem before being purchased by Israel in 1965.</p><p>After completing sea and diving trials in Scotland, Dakar was scheduled to arrive to a welcoming ceremony in Israel on January 29, 1968. The sub arrived in Gibraltar on January 15, reported its location as just east of Crete on January 24, and sent its final message shortly after midnight on January 25.</p><p>When it was clear the sub was missing, ships from Britain, Greece, Turkey, Lebanon, and Israel searched the area for days, though the effort was complicated by <a href="https://www.haaretz.com/.premium-archives-on-sunken-dakar-sub-reveal-nothing-new-1.5233307" target="_top">tensions</a> in the region.</p><p>Finding nothing, the search officially ended February 4, but the 69-man crew was not officially declared dead until 1981. In 1991, the wreck was finally discovered between Crete and Cyprus some 9,800 feet underwater.</p><p>The cause of Dakar's sinking has never been determined. The Israelis <a href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-feared-soviets-sunk-sub-in-1968-papers-reveals/" target="_top">initially believed</a> the Soviets might have been responsible but have since ruled out hostile action. Because Dakar was not carrying torpedoes and the wreck was mostly intact, an internal explosion is also unlikely.</p><p>The prevailing theories are that mechanical or human error caused a catastrophic accident or that the submarine's snorkel was damaged after hitting another ship in a storm, causing it to flood.</p><h2><keyword id="11291809" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="minerve">Minerve</keyword></h2><div type="image" title="Undated photo of the &quot;Minerve&quot;, a &quot;Daphne&quot; class submersible during an exercise" height="629" width="1024" msid="82800942" hostid="261"></div><p>Minerve was a French navy Daphné-class submarine launched in 1961. Based in Toulon, it had a crew of 52.</p><p>On January 27, 1968, Minerve was caught in bad weather as it returned to Toulon from a training operation in the Mediterranean.</p><p>When it was about 30 miles south of the French coast, Minerve made contact with French aircraft and said it would be in port in about an hour.</p><p>But Minerve never arrived. A frantic search was conducted with 20 vessels and aircraft, including the aircraft carrier Clemenceau, but it was called off on February 2. Multiple searches in the following years also failed to find the submarine.</p><p>Minerve would remain missing until 2019, when it was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/22/world/europe/france-submarine-minerve.html" target="_top">found</a> by the American ocean-mapping company Ocean Infinity as part of a French government-sponsored effort to find the submarine.</p><p>It was located about 28 miles off Toulon in about 7,800 feet of water. The sub was in three pieces scattered over a 984-foot area. The French government decided to not raise the sub, which means the cause of the sinking will probably never be known.</p><h2><keyword id="11291810" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="k-129">K-129</keyword></h2><div type="image" title="Soviet Golf II class submarine" height="1129" width="2000" msid="82800944" hostid="261"></div><p>K-129 was a Soviet Golf II-class diesel-electric ballistic-missile submarine launched in 1959. Part of the Soviet Pacific Fleet, it had a crew of 98 and carried three SS-N-5 submarine-launched ballistic missiles - the first Soviet SLBM that could be fired from a submerged sub.</p><p>On March 8, 1968, almost two weeks into a patrol in the North Pacific, K-129 failed to send a scheduled radio message. The Soviets soon began a frantic search with 36 vessels and dozens of aircraft, which flew 286 flights over the search area.</p><p>After two months and no sign of K-129, the Soviets gave up. The US Navy, however, didn't.</p><p>Intrigued by the massive search effort, the Americans knew something valuable had been lost, and thanks to the Navy's underwater listening devices, they managed to find K-129's wreck on August 20.</p><p>The wreck, located some 1,500 miles northwest of Hawaii, was over 16,500 feet below the surface. The CIA, eager to obtain Soviet codebooks, SS-N-5 missiles, and nuclear torpedoes, created a <a href="https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb305/doc01.pdf" target="_top">plan</a>, called <a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/during-cold-war-ci-secretly-plucked-soviet-submarine-ocean-floor-using-giant-claw-180972154/" target="_top">Project Azorian</a>, to recover the sub.</p><p>The CIA persuaded the eccentric billionaire Howard Hughes to use his deep-sea mining company, Global Marine Inc., as a front for a CIA-funded vessel specifically designed to recover the K-129 and bring it to the US.</p><p>In 1974, the ship, Hughes Glomar Explorer, successfully recovered one-third of the K-129. Apart from six bodies (which were buried at sea) the CIA has never publicly disclosed what it recovered, though it is <a href="https://news.engin.umich.edu/features/submerged/" target="_top">believed</a> to have obtained two nuclear torpedoes and other intelligence items.</p><p>The cause of K-129's sinking has never been established, and because of the secrecy of Project Azorian and its effect on the wreckage, it will most likely never be known.</p><h2><keyword id="11291808" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="uss-scorpion">USS Scorpion</keyword></h2><div type="image" title="Navy submarine Scorpion" height="800" width="1000" msid="82800947" hostid="261"></div><p>Almost three months after K-129 sank, <a href="https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/s/scorpion-ssn-589-vi.html" target="_top">USS Scorpion</a>, a Skipjack-class nuclear-powered attack submarine with a crew of 99, went missing in the Atlantic while returning from a patrol in the Mediterranean.</p><p>Launched in 1959, Scorpion had a reputation for mechanical troubles - so much so its crew <a href="https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1998/july/why-they-called-scorpion-scrapiron" target="_top">called</a> it "USS Scrapiron." It received a hasty refit in 1967 and set out for a Mediterranean patrol on February 15, 1968.</p><p>Toward the end of its patrol, Scorpion was ordered to observe Soviet naval activity off the Canary Islands. On May 21, it radioed that it was some 50 miles south of the Azores and expected to return to Norfolk on May 27.</p><p>Scorpion never arrived. A massive search effort was launched with dozens of ships, submarines, and aircraft on both sides of the Atlantic, but on June 5, Scorpion and its crew were declared "presumed lost."</p><p>The search continued, and on October 29, the wreck was found roughly 400 miles southwest of the Azores under 10,000 feet of water.</p><p>The sub had broken into three pieces: The sail had been ripped off; the bow had separated from the operations compartment, which was obliterated; and the engine room had crumpled into the hull like a telescope.</p><p>The Navy never determined what caused Scorpion's sinking. The intact bow meant its torpedoes hadn't detonated, but multiple hatches on the sub's hull were open, and the batteries on the Scorpion's Mark 37 torpedoes were <a href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/what-really-happened-doomed-submarine-uss-scorpion-108276" target="_top">later known</a> to have defects.</p><p>The most likely theories are that Scorpion sank after a torpedo had accidentally been armed (known as a "hot run") and detonated inside or outside the sub, that the trash-disposal unit had malfunctioned and caused flooding that triggered an explosion when it reached the batteries, or that a hydrogen explosion was caused by gases trapped during or after the charging of the batteries.</p><p>The lack of a definitive answer has also led to conspiracy theories, including that the Soviet Navy sank the submarine in retaliation for the loss of the K-129. (Some Soviet Navy officials believed K-129 sank because of a collision with the USS Swordfish, a US submarine operating in the Pacific at the same time.)</p><p>Scorpion is one of two nuclear-powered submarines the US Navy has lost. The other, USS Thresher, sank off the coast of Massachusetts in 1963.</p>

4 mysterious submarine disappearances a half-century ago show why undersea disasters are so hard to figure out

<keyword id="19944940" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-athlete" source="keywords">Indian athlete</keyword> <keyword id="21523333" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Dutee-Chand" source="keywords">Dutee Chand</keyword>, the country's first openly gay sprinter, on Friday, talked about the <keyword id="22634959" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gender-controversy" source="keywords">gender controversy</keyword> being faced by <keyword id="22652000" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Algeria-boxer" source="keywords">Algeria boxer</keyword> <keyword id="22646344" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Imane-Khalif" source="keywords">Imane Khalif</keyword>, at the ongoing <keyword id="20006192" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Paris-Olympics" source="keywords">Paris Olympics</keyword> and defended the athlete's right to compete in the competition. <br /><br />Italian boxer <keyword id="22631089" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Angela-Carini" source="keywords">Angela Carini</keyword> quit her 66 kg women's category boxing match against Algeria's Imane Khalif on Thursday, handing the latter, who was banned from competing in world championships following failures in testosterone and gender eligibility tests, a win in the opening round. Algeria's Khelif won the fight within just 46 seconds after her opponent quit. A very few punches were thrown before Carini abandoned the match, which is a rare occurrence in <keyword id="20634596" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Olympic-boxing" source="keywords">Olympic boxing</keyword>.<br /><br />Dutee shared her own experience of being dropped from the 2014 Commonwealth Games squad when the <keyword id="20386415" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Athletics-Federation-of-India" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Athletics Federation of India" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Athletics Federation of India">Athletics Federation of India</keyword> (AFI) decided to drop her, citing that she was ineligible to compete as a woman athlete, due to hyperandrogenism, which is a medical condition in which woman has a high level of androgens and how it was difficult for her to cope with such problems and immense pressure because of it. <br /><br />She extended her support to Imane, saying that if the <keyword id="20407227" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="International-Olympic-Committee" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="International Olympic Committee" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</keyword> (IOC) does not have any problems with her competing and has not raised any questions about her gender, then why her opponent had a problem with her. <br /><br />Speaking to ANI, Dutee said, "A lot of issues occur when such a situation comes up. I faced it in 2014. Before I was selected for the Commonwealth Games, I was dropped from the team. There were media reports that I had to undergo a gender test, that I am not a woman but a man and that is why I cannot play in the women's category. At that time, the biggest challenge was to lead a normal life in society. So, with what is happening at the Olympics, she (Imane) will perhaps face a lot of issues .She will face immense mental pressure.''<br /><blockquote class="twitter-tweet"><br /></blockquote> "Before we go to the Olympics, we face a number of tests - Doping Test, Hormonal Level Test, Gender Test. So, if she is facing a gender issue, how did she participate in the Olympics? She has played in a lot of competitions before this. She must have undergone tests there too. When IOC made no complaints that she is male by gender, how can someone question her? She has lost 9 games so far (in her career). Today, she (Angela Carini) is questioning as she lost the game. She would not have raised a question had she won," she added. <br /><br />Following the match, the Italian was in tears and refused to shake hands with Khelif, as per ESPN. In the post-match interview, Khelif said, as quoted by ESPN, that she felt severe pain in her nose during the fight. She also said that she was not going to judge if Khelif should be allowed to compete at the Olympics.<br /><br />"I felt a severe pain in my nose, and with the maturity of a boxer, I said 'enough,' because I didn't want to, I did not want to, I could not finish the match," Carini said. "I am not here to judge or pass judgment. If an athlete is this way, and in that sense, it is not right or it is right, it is not up to me to decide. I just did my job as a boxer. I got into the ring and fought. I did it with my head held high and with a broken heart for not having finished the last kilometre," she added.<br /><br />Just before her gold medal bout in the International Boxing Association (IBA) Women's Championships held in New Delhi last year, Khelif was disqualified as she had failed to meet IBA's eligibility criteria. She was not allowed to compete due to elevated testosterone levels, as per ESPN.<br /><br />But she was allowed to compete in the Paris Olympics by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) task force, which is running past two Olympic boxing events, as IBA has been banned from the past two years in Olympics due to governance issues, lack of financial transparency and instances of corruption in judging and refereeing.<br /><br />IOC defended the rights of Khelif and Lin Yu-ting, another boxer under scrutiny due to failing an unspecified eligibility requirement in a biochemical test, to compete in the Olympics.<br /><br />Replying to the controversy, the IOC said on Thursday in a statement, "All athletes participating in the boxing tournament of the Olympic Games Paris 2024 comply with the competition's eligibility and entry regulations, as well as all applicable medical regulations set by the Paris 2024 Boxing Unit (PBU). As with previous Olympic boxing competitions, the gender and age of the athletes are based on their passports."<br /><br />"These rules also applied during the qualification period, including the boxing tournaments of the 2023 European Games, Asian Games, Pan American Games and Pacific Games, the ad hoc 2023 African qualifying tournament in Dakar (SEN) and two world qualifying tournaments held in Busto Arsizio (ITA) and Bangkok (THA) in 2024, which involved a total of 1,471 different boxers from 172 National Olympic Committees (NOCs), the Boxing Refugee Team and Individual Neutral Athletes, and featured over 2,000 qualification bouts," the IOC statement read.<br /><br />The IOC said that the athletes in question had been subjects of an arbitrary decision by the International Boxing Association earlier.<br /><br />"We have seen in reports misleading information about two female athletes competing at the Olympic Games Paris 2024. The two athletes have been competing in international boxing competitions for many years in the women's category, including the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, International Boxing Association (IBA) World Championships and IBA-sanctioned tournaments. These two athletes were the victims of a sudden and arbitrary decision by the IBA. Towards the end of the IBA World Championships in 2023, they were suddenly disqualified without any due process," the IOC said.<br /><br />"According to the IBA minutes available on their website, this decision was initially taken solely by the IBA Secretary General and CEO. The IBA Board only ratified it afterwards and only subsequently requested that a procedure to follow in similar cases in the future be established and reflected in the IBA Regulations. The minutes also say that the IBA should "establish a clear procedure on gender testing. The current aggression against these two athletes is based entirely on this arbitrary decision, which was taken without any proper procedure - especially considering that these athletes had been competing in top-level competition for many years. Such an approach is contrary to good governance," the IOC added.<br /><br />The IOC said it was committed to protecting the human rights of all athletes participating in the Olympic Games as per the Olympic Charter, the IOC Code of Ethics and the IOC Strategic Framework on Human Rights. The IOC further said it was saddened by the abuse that the two athletes are currently receiving, the release added. <br /><br />

Dutee Chand extends support to under-fire boxer Imane Khalif following controversial win in Paris Olympics

<p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-is-a-dating-app-remote-work-online-romance-2024-1"></a></p><ul class="summary-list"><li><em>This post originally appeared in the Insider Today newsletter.</em></li></ul><p><strong>Happy Friday! </strong>For those of you in cold-weather cities, it's the time of year when a snowstorm can upend your day. Here are <a href="https://www.insider.com/what-to-put-in-emergency-survival-kit-blizzard-winter-snow-2020-1">10 items to help you get out of a jam during a blizzard</a>.</p><p>Lucky for me, I'm escaping the cold for a few days. I'm headed to Las Vegas for CES, the big, annual trade show for consumer electronics. If you'll be there, <a href="mailto:ddefrancesco@businessinsider.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">drop me a line</a> or keep an eye out for where free food is being served.</p><p>In today's big story, we're looking at <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-is-a-dating-app-remote-work-online-romance-2024-1">how LinkedIn has become an unexpected dating site for some</a>.</p><p><strong>What's on deck: </strong></p><ul><li><strong>Markets:</strong> Hedge funds' annual report cards are in, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/2023-hedge-fund-returns-for-citadel-millennium-point72-multistrats-2024-1">and a familiar face is on top</a>.</li><li><strong>Tech:</strong> One of the top EV reviewers <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-cybertruck-interior-video-tour-features-best-yet-2024-1">finally got a Tesla Cybertruck</a>.</li><li><strong>Business:</strong> Bill Ackman railed against Harvard's former president for plagiarizing. Turns out <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-ackman-wife-neri-oxman-mit-dissertation-plagiarism-2024-1">his wife did it in her dissertation</a>. </li></ul><p>But first, you have a new connection (in more ways than one).</p><hr /><p><strong><em>If this was forwarded to you, </em></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-today"><strong><em>sign up here.</em></strong></a></p><hr /><h3><strong>The big story</strong></h3><h2><strong>#opento</strong><strong>work</strong><strong><em>love</em></strong>.</h2><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-is-a-dating-app-remote-work-online-romance-2024-1"></a></p><div type="image" title="Graphic depicting LinkedIn, a rose, and champagne, among other icons, in a water cooler, which has taken the place of a man-in-a-suit's head" height="1000" width="2000" msid="106579950" hostid="261" sizebytes="37624"></div><p><strong>Looking for a romantic relationship can sometimes feel like a job, so why not treat it like one? </strong></p><p>That's a growing trend on LinkedIn, where some people are using the professional network <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-is-a-dating-app-remote-work-online-romance-2024-1">for personal connections</a>, Kelli María Korducki reports. </p><p>Fielding romantic offers amid job postings and work updates doesn't sound like the stuff of romcoms, but the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-is-a-dating-app-remote-work-online-romance-2024-1">love-via-LinkedIn approach</a> isn't that far-fetched.</p><p>In a world of carefully manicured socials, LinkedIn offers a more accurate representation of a person. Many profiles have verified their employment and include references from real people.</p><p>This latest dating revolution does come with downsides. While finding <em>the one</em> on LinkedIn might be a welcome surprise for some, not everyone is looking for love. Being #opentowork doesn't also mean being #opentohappyhouratApplebees. </p><p>Blurring the lines on a website focused on career development also creates a dangerous dynamic. It's another way people could leverage their positions of power over those looking to break into an industry.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-is-a-dating-app-remote-work-online-romance-2024-1"></a></p><div type="image" title="Graphic depicting different parts of the Internet, from shoe shopping to making money" height="1000" width="2000" msid="106579951" hostid="261" sizebytes="428124"></div><p><strong>LinkedIn has evolved from the social-media backwaters to a favorite among people </strong><a href="https://www.thecut.com/article/why-teenagers-love-linkedin.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><strong>barely old enough to work</strong></a><strong>.</strong></p><p>Sure, LinkedIn has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-linkedin-got-weird-work-life-blurred-lines-of-oversharing-2023-9">gotten a bit weird with people oversharing</a>, as Business Insider's Rob Price previously reported. But as "cringe" as LinkedIn can be, brands are starting to like it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/linkedin-cringe-more-attractive-advertisers-than-elon-musk-x-2024-1">better than other networks</a>, writes BI's Hasan Chowdhury.</p><p>The platform's evolution got me thinking about the wider social-media ecosystem, which <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/social-media-splintering-new-less-toxic-era-meta-bluesky-twitter-2023-10">seems to be on its last legs</a> thanks to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/social-media-dead-instagram-tiktok-bereal-replaced-group-chats-messaging-2023-8">the rise of group chats and messaging apps</a>.</p><p><strong>TikTok: </strong>The new kid on the block. TikTok has grown from the pandemic's go-to spot for short-form videos to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-new-google-search-engine-gen-z-taylor-tomlinson-2023-11">Gen Z's Google</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-gets-news-from-tiktok-influencers-media-industry-2023-12">main news source</a>. But, TikTok's China-based owner <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bytedance-planned-track-specific-us-tiktok-user-locations-report-2022-10">could lead to trouble</a> as geopolitical tensions remain high.  </p><p><strong>X: </strong>Long considered the pinnacle of social media and the internet's public square, the website <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-year-elon-musk-turned-twitter-into-x-2023-12">has changed a lot under Elon Musk</a>, to put it mildly. X will never go away completely, but it's also apparent <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-killed-twitter-irrelevant-meta-threads-debt-mark-zuckerberg-2023-7">its best days are behind it</a>. </p><p><strong>Facebook:</strong> The ship sailed on one of the OG social networks long ago. But the platform still holds considerable sway, with a user base encompassing about 40% of the world's population. However, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-facebook-apps-used-half-world-population-earnings-mark-zuckerberg-2023-7">growth opportunities in the US</a> seem few and far between.</p><p><strong>Instagram: </strong>Documents alleging Instagram knowingly has millions of underage users and a Wall Street Journal report on how it pushed "risqué footage of children" was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/news-today-november-28-instagram-advertising-ai-adtech-2023-11">not the ending to 2023 the company was hoping for</a>. Its prime use case now seems to be watching videos you saw on TikTok three days ago.</p><hr /><h2><strong>3 things in markets</strong></h2><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/2023-hedge-fund-returns-for-citadel-millennium-point72-multistrats-2024-1"></a></p><div type="image" title="A composite image of Izzy Englander, Ken Griffin, and Steve Cohen." height="900" width="1200" msid="106579953" hostid="261" sizebytes="65158"></div><ol><li><strong>It was another big year for Ken Griffin's Citadel. </strong>The hedge fund's flagship fund, Wellington, was top among its peers, with a 15.3% gain in 2023, according to sources. Meanwhile, rivals Point72 and Millennium posted double-digit returns. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/2023-hedge-fund-returns-for-citadel-millennium-point72-multistrats-2024-1">More on how other hedge funds performed</a>.</li><li><strong>David Tepper's no-good-very-bad tenure owning the Carolina Panthers. </strong>The hedge fund billionaire isn't exactly a fan favorite of the NFL team he purchased in 2018. A dreadful 2023 season, coupled with a recent $300,000 fine for throwing a drink at an opposing fan, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/david-tepper-carolina-panthers-owner-hedge-fund-billionaire-2024-1">is the latest issue for the founder of Appaloosa Management</a>.</li><li><strong>What keeps bullish investors up at night about the market. </strong>Ed Yardeni is as optimistic as any investor about this year, <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-outlook-4-negative-risks-fed-hawkish-taiwan-yardeni-2024-1">but still has concerns</a>. Among the potential hiccups are the war in the Middle East and the Fed turning hawkish.</li></ol><hr /><h2><strong>3 things in tech</strong></h2><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-googles-plan-end-cookies-chrome-browser-2024-1"></a></p><div type="image" title="Google office outside" height="750" width="1000" msid="106579954" hostid="261" sizebytes="63796"></div><ol><li><strong> Inside Google's rocky path toward killing off web cookies. </strong>The search giant is on a deadline. Google announced that by the end of 2024, it would have a more privacy-conscious version of Chrome. However, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-googles-plan-end-cookies-chrome-browser-2024-1">industry experts aren't convinced</a> the company will meet its self-declared deadline.</li><li><strong>Internet-based businesses have a looming problem. </strong>They experienced strong growth for the past two decades. But sectors like e-commerce and digital advertising may be entering a new, lower-growth phase now that they could be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/internet-biggest-businesses-have-growth-problem-2024-1">approaching saturation</a>.</li><li><strong>The best Tesla Cybertruck review video yet. </strong>They're finally rolling off the assembly line, and one of the best EV reviewers in the industry got his hands on one. The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-cybertruck-interior-video-tour-features-best-yet-2024-1">nearly two-hour video tour</a> covers everything: headlights, the steering wheel, cameras, software, and more.</li></ol><hr /><h2><strong>3 things in business</strong></h2><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-ackman-wife-neri-oxman-mit-dissertation-plagiarism-2024-1"></a></p><div type="image" title="Graphic of Bill Ackman and wife Neri Oxman" height="667" width="1000" msid="106579956" hostid="261" sizebytes="64352"></div><ol><li><strong>Bill Ackman's wife, academic celebrity Neri Oxman, plagiarized in her dissertation. </strong>Meanwhile, Ackman — a hedge fund manager and prominent Harvard donor — used plagiarism as a reason to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-ackman-wife-neri-oxman-mit-dissertation-plagiarism-2024-1">push Claudine Gay out at Harvard</a>. Oxman <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/neri-oxman-admits-plagiarism-business-insider-article-apology-2024-1">admitted to failing to properly credit sources</a> in portions of her doctoral dissertation after Business Insider published its findings.</li><li><strong>How travel influencers are building lucrative businesses and side hustles. </strong>Many are using their unique travel knowledge to lead group trips and become travel agents. They leverage their followers to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/travel-creators-plan-group-trips-instagram-tiktok-travel-agents-community-2024-1">build lucrative side hustles — or even full-time businesses</a>.</li><li><strong>Welcome to the Big Stay: Quitting your job is out. </strong>Job-hopping levels are back to where they were before the pandemic upended the labor market. But just because people aren't moving around as much, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/quitting-job-big-stay-great-resignation-labor-market-economic-outlook-2024-1">doesn't mean they're actually happy with their job</a>.</li></ol><hr /><h2><strong>In other news</strong></h2><ul><li><a href="https://businessinsider.com/child-tax-credit-trump-breaks-might-come-back-wyden-cuts-2024-1">Don't do your taxes yet. Parents and businesses could benefit from last-minute changes in Congress</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-ceo-bob-iger-power-move-trian-peltz-proxy-fight-2024-1">Bob Iger's power move put a wrench in activist investor Nelson Peltz's proxy plans, but the Disney CEO isn't out of the woods</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gypsy-rose-blanchard-says-she-regrets-conspiring-to-kill-mother-2024-1">Gypsy Rose Blanchard says it was "panic, desperation" that drove her to conspire to kill her mother: "I regret it every single day</a>."</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/housing-market-outlook-forecast-home-price-mortgage-rates-fed-loan-2024-1">From interest rates to home demand, here's how the housing market will unfold in 2024, according to LendingTree</a>.</li><li><a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/bitcoin-etf-goldman-sachs-crypto-cryptocurrency-regulators-sec-2024-1">Goldman Sachs reportedly wants in on the bitcoin ETF hype</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/federal-reserve-meeting-minutes-recession-economy-inflation-interest-rates-powell-2024-1">The Federal Reserve is done talking about recession</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-to-release-new-smartphones-powered-by-ai-2024-1">Samsung teases the release of its new Galaxy smartphones "powered by AI</a>."</li><li><a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-2024-outlook-trading-playbook-for-crucial-election-year-2024-1">"A lackluster January through May": One chart shows what stock investors can expect in a crucial election year</a>.</li></ul><hr /><h2><strong>What's happening today</strong></h2><ul><li><strong>The 46th annual Dakar Rally is today in Saudi Arabia. </strong>The car, motorcycle, and truck race spans 5,500 miles, starting in Al-'Ula and finishing in Yanbu.</li><li><strong>Happy birthday, Diane Keaton. </strong>Bradley Cooper, Walter Mondale, Walker Scobell, Deadmau5, and Marilyn Manson were also born on this day.</li><li><strong>Earnings today: </strong>Constellation Brands, <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/earnings-calendar">and other companies</a>.</li></ul><hr /><h3><strong>For your bookmarks</strong></h3><h2>Bedroom colors</h2><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-colors-bedroom-this-year-2024-from-color-expert"></a></p><div type="image" title="Bed with pink and green sheets" height="975" width="1300" msid="106579959" hostid="261" sizebytes="139230"></div><p><strong>A color expert shared the eight shades you should use in your bedroom this year. </strong>The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-colors-bedroom-this-year-2024-from-color-expert">eight colors</a> will likely become more popular this year, including classic blue and soft green.</p><hr /><p><strong>The Insider Today team: </strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/dan-defrancesco">Dan DeFrancesco</a>, deputy editor and anchor, in New York. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/diamond-naga-siu">Diamond Naga Siu</a>, senior reporter, in San Diego. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/hallam-bullock">Hallam Bullock</a>, editor, in London. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/jordan-parker-erb">Jordan Parker Erb</a>, editor, in New York. <a href="https://newsletter.businessinsider.com/click/33739711.1210015/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYnVzaW5lc3NpbnNpZGVyLmNvbS9hdXRob3IvaGF5bGV5LWh1ZHNvbj91dG1fbWVkaXVtPW5ld3NsZXR0ZXImdXRtX3NvdXJjZT1TYWlsdGhydSZ1dG1fY2FtcGFpZ249SW5zaWRlcl9Ub2RheQ/6388bd81e7b7ccd0ba0929daB5b9051cd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hayley Hudson</a>, director, in Edinburgh. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/lisa-ryan">Lisa Ryan</a>, executive editor, in New York.</p>

LinkedIn becoming an unexpected dating site shows social media's shifting landscape

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Indonesian <keyword id="42407" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Navy">navy</keyword> has declared that its missing <keyword id="41760" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Submarine">submarine</keyword> KRI Nanggala-402 is presumed sunk.</li><li>The submarine was carrying 53 passengers when it disappeared several days ago.</li><li>The apparent loss of the submarine and its crew puts this among the worst submarine disasters.</li></ul><p>The apparent <keyword id="156658" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Sinking">sinking</keyword> of an Indonesian naval submarine and loss of dozens of lives this week puts the incident among some of the worst submarine catastrophes in history.</p><p>Indonesia's diesel-powered submarine KRI Nanggala-402 disappeared during a training exercise Wednesday with 53 people on board. Indonesian and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pentagon-us-sending-air-assets-to-find-missing-indonesian-submarine-2021-4">international search-and-rescue assets have been desperately looking</a> for the submarine for days in hopes of finding it and saving the crew.</p><div type="image" title="Indonesian submarine KRI Nanggala-402 during a ceremony honoring the 72nd anniversary of the country's Armed Forces Day at Cilegon, Banten province, Indonesia" height="619" width="1024" msid="82233278" hostid="261"></div><p>What they found instead appears to be evidence of a worst-case scenario. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/indonesia-submarine-missing-vessel-presumed-sunk-after-debris-found-2021-4">Search-and-rescue teams found items, such as prayer rugs, a grease bottle, part of a coolant pipe, and a torpedo component believed to be from the submarine</a>. These items would only be in the water if the sub had broken apart.</p><p>Together with the oil slick, a possible sign of a fuel tank rupture which was found early in the search near the point of the submarine's final dive, the debris is evidence the submarine has sunk, the Indonesian navy said.</p><p>"With the authentic evidence we found believed to be from the submarine, we have now moved from the 'sub miss' phase to 'sub sunk,'" Indonesian Navy Chief Yudo Margono said at a press conference Saturday. All passengers are presumed dead, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/asia-pacific-indonesia-98b58437f6742d197d1eb593db954894">the AP reported</a>.</p><p>At this point, the submarine has likely run out of oxygen, as it was only equipped with about 72 hours of air, according to the Indonesian military.</p><p>The Indonesian navy has said it believes that the submarine, a 1,400-ton vessel made by Germany in the late 1970s and refitted in 2012, <a href="https://www.insider.com/indonesia-missing-submarine-too-deep-to-rescue-navy-warns-2021-4">may have sunk to a depth of over 2,000 feet, putting the boat likely well past the point where the hull could withstand the crushing pressure of the water around it</a>.</p><p>Bryan Clark, a former US Navy submarine officer and current defense expert at the Hudson Institute, told Insider "if a small diesel submarine like this Indonesian one goes down in 2000 feet of water, it is unlikely to survive."</p><p>As KRI Nanggala 402 has not yet been found, it is still not clear what exactly happened to the submarine, but if the vessel has indeed sunk with all 53 passengers, it would put this terrible tragedy among some of the worst submarine disasters.</p><div type="image" title="Submarine ARA San Juan navigates for an expedition after the mid-life upgrade reparation at Tandanor shypyard on June 02, 2014 in Buenos Aires, Argentina" height="683" width="1024" msid="82233279" hostid="261"></div><h2><strong>ARA San Juan</strong></h2><p>On November 15, 2017, the Argentine Navy diesel-electric submarine ARA San Juan disappeared while on patrol with 44 crew members on board. The navy later determined that an anomalous noise detected shortly after the submarine's last transmission was "consistent with an explosion."</p><p>The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/argentina-releases-first-images-of-the-sunken-submarine-san-juan-2018-11">submarine was eventually found a year later at a depth of 3,000 feet</a> in the South Atlantic.</p><h2><strong>361</strong></h2><p>In 2003, a Chinese diesel-electric submarine with hull number 361 <a href="https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/web/fyrbt_673021/dhdw_673027/t24552.shtml">suffered a serious mechanical malfunction during a training exercise</a> that led to the deaths of 70 sailors. The crew is said to have suffocated, though details are limited.</p><div type="image" title="This picture, dated March 1995, shows Russian submarine 'Kursk' at its base in Vidyayevo" height="615" width="1024" msid="82233281" hostid="261"></div><h2><strong>K-141 Kursk</strong></h2><p>On August 12, 2000, the Russian nuclear-powered submarine K-141 Kursk vanished in the Barents Sea. Russian authorities later determined the vessel sank after a torpedo on board unexpectedly exploded. The first blast then triggered the explosion of several other warheads.</p><p>The Russian naval vessel went down with 118 sailors on board. Although twenty-three Russian sailors are believed to have survived the initial catastrophe, the Russian navy was not able to rescue them in time.</p><div type="image" title="Undated picture taken in St. Petersburg showing the nuclear-powered submarine Komsomolets" height="683" width="1024" msid="82233282" hostid="261"></div><h2>K-278 Komsomolets</h2><p>On April 7, 1989, the Soviet nuclear-powered attack submarine K-278 Komsomolets sank in the Norwegian Sea after a devastating fire broke out.</p><p><a href="https://www.cia.gov/static/57ada3935d16c347bb723131bb9d37b5/the-komsomolets-disaster.pdf">Forty-two of the submarine's 69 crew members died in this accident</a>. Some perished aboard the ship. Others that made it out died of exposure to the frigid waters before they could be rescued.</p><h2>K-8</h2><p>On April 8, 1970, a fire crippled the Soviet nuclear-powered submarine K-8, forcing the crew of 52 sailors to abandon the vessel. When a rescue ship arrived on scene, the crew returned to the submarine, but while the ship was under tow in the Bay of Biscay, it sank in rough seas with all hands lost.</p><div type="image" title="The submarine 'Eurydice' in the harbor of Toulon, France, February 9, 1968" height="695" width="1024" msid="82233283" hostid="261"></div><h2>Eurydice</h2><p>On March 4, 1970, the French diesel-electric submarine was lost in the Mediterranean while diving off Cape Camarot. The French defense ministry <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1970/03/05/archives/57-on-french-sub-lost-off-riviera-oil-slicks-and-debris-found-an.html">assessed that the vessel sank along with its entire crew of 57 sailors</a> after receiving reports of an explosion. Fuel and other debris were found floating on the surface.</p><div type="image" title="USS Scorpion" height="581" width="740" msid="82233284" hostid="261"></div><h2>USS Scorpion</h2><p>The American nuclear-powered submarine USS Scorpion mysteriously vanished in the Atlantic Ocean with 99 sailors on May 22, 1968. <a href="https://www.military.com/daily-news/2018/05/28/navy-submarine-uss-scorpion-mysteriously-disappeared-50-years-ago.html">No one knows exactly what happened to the Scorpion</a>. It was found five months later 400 miles southwest of the Azores at a depth of 10,000 feet.</p><p>The Scorpion was one of four submarines that were weirdly lost in 1968.</p><h2>K-129</h2><p>On March 8, 1968, the Soviet diesel-electric ballistic missile submarine sank in the Pacific Ocean with 98 sailors on board. The US found the submarine six years later at 16,000 feet and covertly recovered part of the vessel.</p><div type="image" title="Undated photo of the &quot;Minerve&quot;, a &quot;Daphne&quot; class submersible during an exercise" height="629" width="1024" msid="82233285" hostid="261"></div><h2>Minerve</h2><p>On January 27, 1968, the French diesel-electric submarine Minerve and its crew of 52 sailors disappeared in bad weather while returning to port.</p><p>The <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49068823">submarine was found in 2019 off the French port city of Toulon</a> at 7,800 feet.</p><h2><strong>INS Dakar</strong></h2><p>Just a few days prior to the sinking of the Minerve, the Israeli diesel-electric submarine INS Dakar inexplicably sank in the Mediterranean, resulting in the death of 69 sailors. The Israeli submarine was found in 1999 at 9,500 feet, but the exact cause of the disaster remains unknown.</p><div type="image" title="Nuclear-powered submarine the 'USS Thresher' steers through the sea, early 1960s." height="801" width="1024" msid="82233287" hostid="261"></div><h2>USS Thresher</h2><p>On April 10, 1963, the US Navy experienced its most devastating submarine disaster when the nuclear-powered submarine USS Thresher sank in the Atlantic Ocean and imploded. All 129 American personnel on board were killed in the deadly accident.</p>

The apparent sinking of an Indonesian submarine with 53 people on board is among history's worst submarine disasters

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Post-George Floyd, many Black Americans have opted not to return to the US from abroad.</li><li>Many are celebrating <keyword id="13756477" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="juneteenth" source="Orion">Juneteenth</keyword> in other countries, such as Japan and South Korea.</li></ul><p>BANGKOK — As the United States marks only the second federally recognized Juneteenth, Black Americans living overseas have embraced the holiday as a day of reflection and an opportunity to educate people in their host countries on Black history.</p><p>President Joe Biden moved quickly last year to federally recognize the day Black Americans have been celebrating since the last enslaved people were told they were free in Galveston, Texas, on June 19, 1865, two years after President Abraham Lincoln's 1863 Emancipation Proclamation.</p><p>In Liberia, Saqar Ahhah Ahershu, 45, from Jersey City, N.J., is organizing the country's first "Journey Home Festival."<br />"Because this is part of that hidden African American history that still hasn't been completely unpacked," he said in Monrovia.</p><p>Liberia, Africa's oldest independent republic, was founded by freed slaves repatriated to West Africa from the United States in 1822, exactly 200 years ago this year. This weekend's event will include a trip to Providence Island, where former slaves settled before moving into what is now mainland Monrovia.</p><p>While there are no official statistics tracking Black Americans moving abroad, many are discussing it more openly after the police killing of George Floyd. In the aftermath, many African Americans saw the U.S. "from the outside in" and made up their minds not to return.</p><div type="image" title="LaTonya Whitaker and her husband David attend the Juneteenth event at the Tokyo American Club in Tokyo, Japan, Saturday, June 18, 2022. About 300 people celebrated Juneteenth at the ritzy club Saturday, with speeches, a soul food dinner, prayers and dance music." height="2219" width="2958" msid="92323393" hostid="261"></div><p>Tashina Ferguson, a 26-year-old debate coach, was living in New York at the time of Eric Garner's death.</p><p>She moved to South Korea in 2019 and will celebrate Juneteenth on Sunday with a group of drag performers at a fundraising brunch for the Marsha P. Johnson Institute.</p><p>She has mixed feelings about the newest federal holiday.</p><p>"The commerciality of Juneteenth has become this like whole, 'Put it on a T-shirt, put it on ice cream tubs' type of thing," she said. "But as a Black person within the Black community I'm like, 'Yeah, let's celebrate us.'"</p><p>She said that only a powerful change would make her consider returning to the U.S.</p><p>Chrishan Wright in New Jersey regularly speaks with Black Americans who plan to or already have made the move abroad.</p><p>Wright, 47, hosts a podcast "Blaxit Global" and said many of her guests are tired of the U.S.</p><p>"They've done all the things to achieve what is supposed to be the American dream, and that yardstick keeps moving. They don't feel like they're on solid ground in terms of being able to retire comfortably or pay off student debt or just cover their bills."</p><p>Wright plans to move in 2023 to Portugal. Through her podcast, she already knows of Juneteenth celebrations this weekend in Lisbon, the capital.</p><p>In some places with larger populations of Black Americans, Juneteenth is already part of the program.<br />LaTonya Whitaker, from Mississippi, has lived in Japan for 17 years. She is executive director of Legacy Foundation Japan, which hosted a Juneteenth gathering of about 300 people at the ritzy Tokyo American Club on Saturday.</p><p>She and her husband David didn't plan to live in Japan.</p><div type="image" title="About 20 people of African descent living abroad gather for dinner at a Jamaican restaurant in Bangkok, Thailand to celebrate America’s newest federal holiday, Juneteenth on Saturday, June 18, 2022, in Bangkok, Thailand." height="3024" width="4032" msid="92323394" hostid="261"></div><p>Like Whitaker, many Black Americans at the Juneteenth event came to Japan almost by coincidence, as Christian missionaries or Peace Corps volunteers. But they made Japan their home.<br />She now wants to raise their son there because she worries about gun violence in the U.S.</p><p>"I realized we really need a community," said Whitaker.</p><p>Michael Williams teaches African American history at Temple University in Tokyo and left the U.S. when he was 22. He's now 66 and had lived abroad for much of his adult life, but returned to the U.S. for graduate school in Boston and Baltimore.</p><p>America has changed so much, he feels like a tourist when he visits, he laughed.</p><p>Williams said he knows about Juneteenth from teaching history.</p><p>"I would always end my presentations that hopefully, someday, this would be a national holiday. And so now it is, and it feels great," he said.</p><p>In Taipei, Toi Windham and Casey Abbott Payne are holding multiple events to celebrate Juneteenth. The two, part of Black Lives Matter Taiwan, are hosting performances by Black artists and musicians.</p><p>Both have celebrated with their families long before it was a federal holiday.</p><p>Windham has lived in Taiwan for five years, and had always celebrated Juneteenth growing up in Texas. For her, it's an opportunity to educate people about a different part of American culture, even the darker parts.</p><p>"A lot of people tend to enjoy hip-hop culture and the attire and certain parts of our culture, but I feel like it's important to acknowledge all parts of Black culture," she said.</p><p>Payne, an organizer, has lived in Taiwan for 11 years and said he also celebrated Juneteenth growing up in Milwaukee, which has one of the oldest celebrations nationwide.</p><p>"As a kid, I remember the street being lined with street vendors, and there's music going on and there'd be the Juneteenth parade rolling through," he said.</p><div type="image" title="Michael Williams, who teaches African American history at Temple University in Tokyo, speaks in an interview at the Juneteenth event in Tokyo, Saturday, June 18, 2022." height="2856" width="3820" msid="92323395" hostid="261"></div><p>Still for others, the day is a chance to joyfully kick back and rest.</p><p>In Bangkok, a group called Ebony Expats organized a silent movie screening, a bike ride in a nature reserve and a dinner for at a Jamaican restaurant serving jerk chicken and pumpkin soup.</p><p>Restaurant owner Collin Clifford McKoy served 20 years in the U.S. Army before eventually opening his restaurant during the pandemic in Thailand. He said the Juneteenth holiday is a chance for Black people to share their culture while being so far from home, American or not.</p><p>"Overall, it's about coming together regardless of where we are, and it tells how much blood runs deep as a community to come together and enjoy ourselves," he said.<br />___<br />Associated Press writers Huizhong Wu in Taipei, Taiwan, Yuri Kageyama in Tokyo, Krista Larson in Dakar, Senegal and Jonathan Paye-Layleh in Monrovia, Liberia, contributed to this report.</p>

Black Americans living abroad reflect on celebrating Juneteenth away from home: 'I realized we really need a community'

Akon, the pop star behind hits like 'Smack That,' is masterminding a $6 billion smart city in Senegal backed by a shadowy investor. Inside Akon City, where life will be funded by 'Akoin' and the singer hopes to reinvent his legacy.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In late summer 2000, one of the many armed groups fighting in <keyword id="134664" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Sierra-Leone">Sierra Leone</keyword>'s civil war grabbed a major prize: 11 British soldiers.</li><li>It was the UK's first significant hostage crisis in 20 years, and while negotiators talked, Britain's elite special operators prepared to go in.</li></ul><p>Sierra Leone, September 2000.</p><p>The West Side Boys, a well-armed but poorly trained gang, has taken hostage 11 British soldiers from the Royal Irish Regiment and is threatening to execute them if London doesn't meet its demands.</p><p>Back in the UK, the British government is dealing with its first significant hostage crisis since the Iranian Embassy Siege of 1980. As negotiators bargain for the hostages' release, the British military is preparing for a rescue operation.</p><p>Enter the renowned <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-non-us-special-operations-forces-from-around-the-world-2020-8" target="_top">Special Air Service (SAS)</a>.</p><h2>An unstable enemy</h2><div type="image" title="British troops special operations Sierra Leone" height="1692" width="2048" msid="78431990" hostid="261"></div><p>A brutal civil war had ravaged Sierra Leone since 1991. The West Side Boys, never more than <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sierraleone/1353972/Caught-with-their-guard-down.html">a few hundred</a> members strong, took advantage of the power vacuum, operating with impunity and terrorizing locals. Their trademark was amputating victims' arms with machetes. Men, women, and children all suffered from their wanton violence.</p><p>The West Side Boys' leader was the self-titled "Brigadier" Foday Khalley, with "Colonel Cambodia" serving as his second-in-command.</p><p>Both men and their gang used <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sierraleone/1353972/Caught-with-their-guard-down.html">drugs</a><a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sierraleone/1353972/Caught-with-their-guard-down.html"> </a><a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/sierraleone/1353972/Caught-with-their-guard-down.html">and alcohol</a> heavily and frequently. Their resulting instability pushed the British toward a military response instead of negotiations. (Khalley's <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/west-side-boys-leader-ordered-seizure-in-fit-of-drunken-pique-699344.html">demands varied</a> from a new satellite phone to the formation of a new government.)</p><p>A task force centered around D Squadron of the <keyword id="88599" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="SAS">SAS</keyword> and A Company, 1st Battalion, Parachute Regiment, and augmented by Special Boat Squadron, or SBS, operators and support troops, <a href="https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/operation-barras" target="_top">gradually deployed</a> to Dakar in neighboring Senegal and then outside Freetown, the capital of Sierra Leone.</p><div type="image" title="British troops special operations Sierra Leone" height="1008" width="1536" msid="78431993" hostid="261"></div><p>D Squadron was chosen because of its familiarity with the region. Its operators had been in East Africa conducting jungle and mountain training when the West Side Boys kidnapped the British soldiers. Once they were notified of a potential operation, they were so eager to return to the UK and begin preparing that two troopers were killed in a car accident as they rushed to the airport. The operation had started on the wrong foot.</p><p>The gang held the hostages in the small village of Gberi Bana, adjacent to the Rokel Creek. On the other side of the creek, there was a substantial and heavily armed force of gangsters in an abandoned village.</p><p>Throughout the negotiations, the British had eyes on the ground from well-hidden SAS observation posts close to the two villages. Additionally, a special-operations signals team intercepted Khalley's frequent publicity calls to the BBC and pinpointed his location.</p><p>Their combined reports led commanders to rule out a ground or waterborne assault because of the gang's heavily armed roadblocks in the villages and the treacherous currents of the creek. The rescue force would go in by helicopter.</p><p>At one point, the negotiators, which included two SAS operators in disguise, were able to secure the release of six men, leaving five British soldiers captive. The freed troops told horror stories of mock executions and psychological violence. But more releases seemed unlikely. A rescue operation was necessary, and time was of the essence.</p><h2>The assault</h2><div type="image" title="British commandos special operations Sierra Leone Barras" height="420" width="840" msid="78431995" hostid="261"></div><p>At dawn on September 10, the rescue force flew in on three CH-47 Chinook helicopters with two Lynx and one Mi-24 gunships providing close air support. The combined SAS/SBS force would rescue the hostages in Gberi Bana, while members of the Parachute Regiment, known as Paras, would eliminate the gang members on the opposite side of the river.</p><p>The British commandos hit Gberi Bana hard. Half the assault force fast-roped into the village while the other half landed in a soccer field. In the first moments, heavy enemy fire pinned down the teams on the soccer field. But the commandos achieved fire superiority and silenced the resistance with machine guns and anti-tank rockets.</p><p>Despite some confusion, the SAS and SBS operators swept the village and secured the hostages.</p><div type="image" title="British troops special operations Sierra Leone" height="1152" width="1728" msid="78432000" hostid="261"></div><p>However, on the other side of the river, the Paras were in the thick of it. Because of a lack of Chinooks, the Paras had to be transported in two groups. Alerted by the helicopters' approach and the firefight on the other bank, the gangster there were better prepared.</p><p>The Chinook dropped the first wave of Paras in a <a href="https://www.paradata.org.uk/event/sierra-leone-operations-palliser-and-barras" target="_top">chest-deep swamp</a>, which they had to navigate under heavy fire. In the first few moments, they took several casualties, including their commanding and executive officers.</p><p>Reinforced by the second wave and displaying their characteristic aggression, the Paras took the initiative and overpowered the gangsters after a fierce firefight that lasted hours.</p><p>As the smoke settled, the Chinooks came in to pick up the hostages, rescue force, and some captured vehicles. At the cost of one SAS operator, Bombardier Brad Tinnion, and 12 Paras wounded, the rescue force managed to secure all the hostages and kill scores of gang members.</p><h2>A wave of change</h2><div type="image" title="British troops special operations Sierra Leone" height="1008" width="1536" msid="78432003" hostid="261"></div><p><keyword id="10036576" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="operation-barras">Operation Barras</keyword> brought significant changes to British special operations.</p><p>The resistance put up by the heavily armed West Side Boys showed the need for a specialized support unit that would assist the SAS and SBS in future large-scale hostage rescues and special operations.</p><p>Until that point, the Paras and the Royal Marine Commandos had been called up to complement their elite brethren only when necessary. Even though there were close links between the units — most SAS operators came from the Paras, and the SBS at that time recruited solely from the Royal Marines — they didn't train together and didn't use the same procedures.</p><div type="image" title="British troops special operations Sierra Leone" height="1152" width="1728" msid="78432005" hostid="261"></div><p>As a result, the British military created the Special Forces Support Group (SFSG) in 2006.</p><p>The SFSG is composed of Paras, Royal Marines, and Royal Air Force personnel who have passed an additional selection process. Its main task is to be a quick reaction force for SAS and SBS operations, but it can also complement those units in domestic counterterrorism operations.</p><p>Moreover, Operation Barras was a much needed confidence boost for British special-operations forces after bad publicity in Northern Ireland, where they fought a politically complicated campaign against the IRA. British policymakers could once more be confident in their commandos.</p><p><em>Stavros Atlamazoglou is a defense journalist specializing in special operations, a Hellenic Army veteran (National Service with the 575th Marine Battalion &amp; Army HQ), and a Johns Hopkins University graduate.</em></p>

How a daring hostage rescue raid helped Britain's elite special operators get their confidence back

<p>Earlier this year, Bill Gates made headlines for the oddly captivating feat of drinking water that had been raw sewage just five minutes earlier. Poop water, in other words.&#xa0;</p><p>But Gates wasn't taking on an unsanitary dare; he was publicly demonstrating the quality of a Gates-funded machine, called the <a href="http://janickibioenergy.com/s200.html">Janicki Omni Processor</a>, that&#xa0;turns<span>&#xa0;sewage into electricity, ash, and drinking water. Developed by <a href="http://janickibioenergy.com/">Janicki Bionenergy</a>,&#xa0;the system can convert&#xa0;14 tons of sewage into electricity and drinkable water each day.&#xa0;&#xa0;</span>&#xa0;</p><p>Now it's being tested in the real world. Eventually, the system could could help some of the two billion people&#xa0;that lack proper sanitation&#xa0;to remove<span>&#xa0;pathogen-ridden&#xa0;sewage&#xa0;from their communities.</span></p><p class="embed-spacer">&#xa0;<div><iframe src="//giphy.com/embed/3o85xC0lpQdmVYtvs4" width="480" height="257" frameborder="0" class="giphy-embed" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div></p><p class="embed-spacer">The first test is happening in&#xa0;Dakar, Senegal, where 1.2 million residents don't have a connection to a sewer line. As an alternative, they often&#xa0;remove sewage from&#xa0;pit latrines&#xa0;<span>in buckets,&#xa0;placing the waste&#xa0;into holes dug in the ground nearby. It's an ideal breeding ground for sanitation-related diseases like cholera and typhoid fever.&#xa0;</span></p><p class="embed-spacer">Mechanical emptying, a process where trucks bring sewage to treatment plants, is better. But until the Omni Processor came along, Dakar didn't have the technology to get rid of&#xa0;pathogens once sludge arrived at the treatment plants.&#xa0;</p><p class="embed-spacer">The city has now started replacing treatment plants with an&#xa0;Omni Processor, which is&#xa0;treating a third of Dakar's&#xa0;sludge while removing pathogens and producing useful byproducts in the process. The next version of the machine will be able to handle regular garbage in addition to sewage.&#xa0;</p><p class="embed-spacer">According to the Gates Foundation, the ultimate hope is that "<span>Omni Processors will make it much cheaper to hire trucks, reducing the need for people to handle the waste themselves."</span></p><p class="embed-spacer"><div><iframe width="700" height="315" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/8tdlqjGlN3A" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></div></p><p class="embed-spacer">Janicki shipped the Omni Processer to Dakar this past spring for the&#xa0;pilot project. Gates writes on<a href="http://www.gatesnotes.com/Development/Omni-Processor-Update?WT.mc_id=08_12_2015_Omniprocessor_MED-PTR_&amp;WT.tsrc=MEDPTR"> his blog&#xa0;</a>that it's "working as predicted" so far, but there are still kinks to contend with.</p><p class="embed-spacer">He writes: "<span>The machine has to be tested - and unlike a computer program, sanitation machines can't be tested from a desk in Seattle. The real world introduces lots of variables. For example, you have to find the right personnel to run the machine. You have to work with local and national governments and gauge the public's reaction."</span></p><p class="embed-spacer"><span>So far, Dakar's government appears to be on board. That's the first step. Next, Janicki needs to work on making the machine even better&#xa0;<span>- including making it both smaller and cheaper (The first model costs&#xa0;$1.5 million, and&#xa0;an&#xa0;upcoming commercially available model of the processor costs between $2 and $4 million, according to the <a href="http://janickibioenergy.com/faq.html#COST">Janicki website</a>).</span></span></p><p class="embed-spacer"><span><span>In the meantime, access to Gates Foundation funding&#xa0;<span>- given to Janicki as part of the the&#xa0;<a href="http://www.gatesfoundation.org/What-We-Do/Global-Development/Reinvent-the-Toilet-Challenge">Reinvent the Toilet Challenge</a>&#xa0;<span>-</span> </span>will make scaling up much easier.</span></span></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/suicide-squads-first-trailer-is-here-2015-7">Get ready to root for the bad guys - your first look at 'Suicide Squad' is here</a></h3>        <div>            <div>    <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script>    <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="xtbXM2djoW41kesC7Fr9_BxhcQM-FNfH" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>    <script>    if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; }     RunFunctions.push(function()    {         var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', 'xtbXM2djoW41kesC7Fr9_BxhcQM-FNfH',{ autoplay: 'false' });     });    </script>    <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div>        </div>        <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script>    </div>

Bill Gates' brilliant poop-water machine just started rolling out in Africa, and it could change the lives of millions

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c67349370a61e03db28a0a5-1200/bill and melinda gates.jpg" border="0" alt="bill and melinda gates" data-mce-source="Bill Gates/Facebook" data-link="https://www.facebook.com/BillGates/photos/a.10150331291841961/10155645521796961/?type=3&amp;theater" /><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/BillGates/photos/a.10150331291841961/10155645521796961/?type=3&amp;theater">Bill Gates/Facebook</a></span></p><p class="caption">Bill and Melinda Gates</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Bill and Melinda Gates keep saying the word is getting better and it's easy to look around and shrug off their optimism.</li><li>So I spent a day at their foundation, talking to the people working on some of the world's hairiest, most intractable problems.</li><li>And they are winning.</li></ul><p>Bill and Melinda Gates keep insisting that - despite problems like climate change, political divisions and income disparity, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-trust-me-the-world-is-really-getting-better-not-worse-2018-1">world is getting better for most people on Earth.</a></p><p>In late January, Bill Gates expertly trolled the 10-year challenge meme with a tweet that said: "It's hard to beat this #10YearChallenge." The tweet <a href="https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/1/18/18188511/10-year-challenge-global-poverty-good-news?linkId=62841733">included a graphic </a>that showed how, in the last 10 years, extreme poverty, child mortality and youth illiteracy were all way down, while life expectancy was up.</p><p>The Gates' optimism is delightful. But it's easy to shrug it off as the rose-tinted perspective of a couple luxuriating in an abundance of gifts: intelligence, love, family, success and more money than King Midas.</p><p>I recently spent the day at the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, walking a mile in the billionaires' shoes, so to speak, and talking with some of the managers and directors who run various programs there. </p><p>Hearing about their work was inspiring and gave me a newfound hope for the future, just like Bill's.</p><p>And the reason is simple. These people are taking on some of the world's hairiest, most complex and seemingly intractable problems. </p><p>And they are winning.</p><h2>Death to polio and malaria</h2><p>Gates' father, Bill Gates, Sr., was the first to run the family charitable foundation in the late '90s. The foundation has morphed into a much bigger entity over time, especially after it became the main focus of Bill and Melinda Gates themselves.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/55b7924d2acae716008ba9b6-1886/gettyimages-181317443.jpg" border="0" alt="Bill Gates, father, Bill Gates Sr." data-mce-source="Brian Ach/Getty Images" data-mce-caption="Bill Gates with father Bill Gates, Sr." data-link="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/bill-gates-sr-and-bill-gates-are-seen-during-the-the-lasker-news-photo/181317443" /><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/bill-gates-sr-and-bill-gates-are-seen-during-the-the-lasker-news-photo/181317443">Brian Ach/Getty Images</a></span></p><p class="caption">Bill Gates with father Bill Gates, Sr.</p></div><p></p></div></div>The elder Bill Gates' presence still hangs large at the Foundation's visitor's center, which is a cross between a techie interactive kids' museum, a community educational facility, and a place to learn about the Foundation's work.</p><p>A video of Gates' dad introduces himself, and explains that because of the "other fellow" - that is, his famous son - he's known as "Senior." </p><p>In its early days, the foundation focused mostly on local charity, but turned its attention to global health after Bill Gates Jr. read an article on children in poor countries dying from preventable illnesses.</p><p>He sent the article to his dad with a note that said: "Dad, maybe we can do something about this."</p><p><span>Those words are now plastered in giant letters in the visitor's center.</span></p><p><span>T</span>he foundation has since become a major force in global health. It joined a global effort to eradicate polio in 2007. In 1988 there were an estimated 350,000 case of polio worldwide. In, 2018, there were only 29 reported cases.  </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c67345f2628981dfa4ee6c3-1429/gates-foundation-23.jpg" border="0" alt="Gates Foundation visitor's center" data-mce-source="Business Insider/Julie Bort" data-mce-caption="Gates Foundation visitor's center" /><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation visitor's center</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Gunning for malaria</h2><p>The success with polio is a source of pride and inspiration at the foundation. To them, it's proof that hard problems like distributing vaccines to poor, remote children can be solved by smart people and repeatable systems. </p><p>With Bill and Melinda as their leaders, the people at the foundation are stunningly smart with impressive credentials: I met neuroscientists, biologists and infectious disease specialists. </p><p>With polio almost over, the foundation now wants to end malaria.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c6737c52628982c15595d92-1500/gates-foundation-mosquito nets.jpg" border="0" alt="Gates Foundation mosquito nets" data-mce-source="Business Insider/Julie Bort" data-mce-caption="Gates Foundation mosquito nets" /><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation mosquito nets</p></div><p></p></div></div>Like the others I met, Philip Welkhoff, the director of the Malaria team, has a personal interest in the mission - and impressive credentials. He grew up in Haiti and had malaria himself as a kid. He became a rocket scientist, then earned his PhD in computational neuroscience from Princeton and turned his attention to global health.</p><p>He loves his job because he's saving lives.</p><p>"All the work that the international community does together saves about 500,000 people from malaria every year compared to the early 2000s. That's a half million lives every single year," he told me. </p><p>The current challenge is to reach the most remote locations, which the foundation has expertise in doing, and containing outbreaks. No malaria vaccine is rolled out yet, but the foundation is having a lot luck by increasing the distribution of mosquito-killing bed nets.</p><p>But even a limited outbreak can turn into a bigger infection once mosquitoes start transmitting the illness, and people move from place to place. And so, malaria is even more complicated to eradicate than polio.</p><p>Still, there's steady progress, and the goal is to reduce malaria deaths 90% by 2030 compared to their 2015 level.</p><h2>The toilet team</h2><p>Outside of malaria, one of the projects that gets a lot of attention is Bill Gates' off-the-grid toilet project, which asks scientists to rethink the toilet.</p><p>Gates launched the<a href="https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/Documents/Fact_Sheet_Reinvent_the_Toilet_Challenge.pdf"> Reinvent the Toilet</a> challenge in 2011, asking researchers to come up with toilets that could sanitize human waste with no water, electricity, sewer or septic system. The toilets were to clean the waste and reclaim the water to safe drinking water standards, as well as to harvest other nutrients for other uses, a game-changer to those living without sanitation.</p><p>Some of those original teams went to the nines on their designs. One team even held a "smell summit" working with perfume makers who recreated latrine smells. This to help them test their methods for countering such smells. That work involving taking whiffs of those lovely scents.</p><p>The director of the toilet project is Brian Arbogast - though his real title is "director, Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene," and his job involves more than just toilets. He's funding a variety of projects that improve human sanitation.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c6738a92628981ed6235776-2400/gates-foundation-toilet.jpg" border="0" alt="Gates Foundation toilet" data-mce-source="Business Insider/Julie Bort" data-mce-caption="Gates Foundation toilet" /><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation toilet</p></div><p></p></div></div>Arbogast was an early Microsoft employee, spending 22 years rising to the level of corporate vice president. He left the company to become a cleantech investor, and has been on the boards of various clean-water entities and charities. He worked closely with Bill Gates for decades before joining the foundation in 2013. </p><p>When the toilet project was first started, no one knew if it could really be done, Arbogast said. In 2015, though, one inventor produced a system called the Omni Processor. It's not a toilet, but an off-grid fecal sludge treatment plant that outputs purified water. One day it may also output electricity.</p><p>A working prototype has been operating in Dakar, Senegal in Africa for a few years. Arbogast believes the tech will eventually influence sanitation in the developed world, including green buildings, septic systems and remote, off-the-grid cabins.</p><p><span>The latest version has been licensed to three commercial companies: the US company created by the tech's inventor, Sedron Technologies, as well as a company in China and one in India.</span></p><p><span><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c673ad20d15f50e063cd756-1174/peter janicki and bill gates water.png" border="0" alt="Peter Janicki and Bill Gates water" data-mce-source="YouTube/GatesNotes" data-mce-caption="OmniProcessor inventor Peter Janicki pours Bill Gates a glass of water processed from human fecal sludge." data-link="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzppWSIFU0&amp;t=25s" /><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzppWSIFU0&amp;t=25s">YouTube/GatesNotes</a></span></p><p class="caption">OmniProcessor inventor Peter Janicki pours Bill Gates a glass of water processed from human fecal sludge.</p></div><p></p></div></div></span></p><h2><span>Poop hats and toilet water</span></h2><p>Bill Gates famously drank the sewage water produced from the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bVzppWSIFU0">Dakar Omni Processor in 2015. </a>And there are lots of stories at the foundation and in the Gates household about that water.</p><p>"Two weeks before [Bill drank], I had to drink from it, as did most of the team," Arbogast told us.</p><p>Melinda Gates told us that her daughter made her drink that water, too. Bill Gates drove around with a 2-liter bottle of it in his car for weeks, and every time someone got in the car, their daughter made them drink some.</p><p>"I<span>f we got sick - which we didn't - it would not have not been from the water, but because we're all passing it around,"  Melinda Gates laughed.</span></p><p><span>Gates spread the love around, too: In 2015, he <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-jimmy-fallon-poop-water-2015-1">tricked Jimmy Fallon</a> into drinking that water on the air, as well. </span></p><p>And there are actual toilets in development, too, with models on display (but not available for use) at the foundation's visitor's center. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c6739502628981de0110629-800/poop emoji hat.jpg" border="0" alt="Poop emoji hat" style="color: #222222;" data-mce-source="Amazon" data-mce-caption="The Poop emoji hat is a symbol of honor for the Gates water sanitation team. The person who came up with a brilliant idea gets to wear it for the day." /><p class="source"><span>Amazon</span></p><p class="caption">The Poop emoji hat is a symbol of honor for the Gates water sanitation team. The person who came up with a brilliant idea gets to wear it for the day.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>In November, Arbogast's team and Bill Gates spearheaded the Reinvented Toilet expo in Beijing. It drew in 1,200 attendees, and loads of exhibitions for new sanitation tech.</p><p>Jim Yong Kim, the president of the World Bank, keynoted the event - but Gates stole the show by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-wants-world-to-move-past-flush-toilets-2018-11">bringing a jar of poop on stage</a> to use as a visual aid.</p><p>The group wears their association with poop as a badge of honor, Arbogast says.</p><p>He keeps a hat that looks like a poop emoji in his office, and someone on his team often gets to wear it like a crown.</p><p><span>"The poop hat gets passed on for a job well done," he said.</span></p><h2>Worldwide clout</h2><p>Dr. Kathy Kahn is a scientist who funds agricultural projects. Kahn is having success with projects that improve how <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/01/03/681941779/scientists-have-hacked-photosynthesis-in-search-of-more-productive-crops">plants do photosynthesis</a>. These plants grow faster using far less water. It's a promising field for arid countries, as well as for growing food adapted to climate change.</p><p>Kahn came to the foundation after working at the <span>U.S. Department of Agriculture. She said one of the things that makes her work here different is the foundation's name recognition. </span></p><p><span>While other nonprofits toil in obscurity, the Gates Foundation carries prestige. She gets a seat at the table with worldwide policy makers and the top scientists in her field. It's a scientist's dream, she says. </span></p><h2><span>In awe of the Gates'</span></h2><p>One of the themes we heard repeatedly was how much employees appreciated their access to Bill and Melinda Gates. They are heavily involved, eagle-eyed, ask penetrating questions and they work as a team, each bringing different perspectives. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a05bfcf3dbef4b5748b4c86-1335/ap110602119379.jpg" border="0" alt="Bill Gates Melinda" data-mce-source="Elaine Thompson/AP Images" /><p class="source"><span>Elaine Thompson/AP Images</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Progress meetings with them can feel exhilarating and nervewracking, like any employee feels about presenting to their CEO.</p><p>But there's a general sense of good humor, too. </p><p>If a technical issue occurs, say with the videoconferencing system, and an employee can't immediately fix it, Bill Gates can do it without blinking an eye. There's nothing like having one of the fathers of the PC industry in the room when tech support is needed.</p><p>Another theme was just about the thrill of having Bill or Melinda Gates get excited about the employee's projects or work. </p><h2>Helping whole countries get healthier</h2><p>Of all the stories, Dr. Jean Kagubare's was one of the most moving.</p><p>Born in Rwanda, his parents fled the country when he was a baby. He became a doctor and returned to Rwanda right after the genocide of the 1990s. He ran several national health programs and one the country's biggest hospitals before moving to the US and getting his PhD in health systems at John Hopkins. He stayed in the US, working in global health, landing at the foundation about two years ago. </p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5c6744672628982067237474-2000/gates-foundation-25.jpg" border="0" alt="Gates Foundation" data-mce-source="Business Insider/Julie Bort" data-mce-caption="Gates Foundation takes a broader approach to global health and measures holistic outcomes." /><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Julie Bort</span></p><p class="caption">Gates Foundation takes a broader approach to global health and measures holistic outcomes.</p></div><p></p></div></div>His job is to coordinate resources and measure results to ensure the healthcare system is improving. For instance, the foundation has funded a telemedicine app that helps doctors treat far-flung patients in villages without forcing them to travel to a healthcare facility.</p><p>Prior to this program, global healthcare workers would sort of parachute in to a country and focus on their one area - distributing vaccines or providing prenatal care, he explained. Those programs still exist, but now they are coordinated in a more holistic way, and his program measures total healthcare improvement, rather than just progress in one area.</p><p>"<span>Bill Gates asks the question all time: Is our money going to where it should be? Are the right people getting help?" he said. </span></p><p><span>All of this means that Kagubare is helping far more people across the globe, and especially in his home country, than he could when he worked as a doctor.</span></p><p>"<span>I was in Rwanda two months ago and talked to people and patients there. Patients are getting treatment that costs less and they don't have wait four hours at facilities, the average wait time, or pay to go to [far away] clinics," he said. </span></p><p>It's the best feeling.</p><ul><li style="list-style-type: none;"><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melinda-gates-explains-why-data-can-be-sexist-2019-2">Melinda Gates points out a major problem with how we make decisions: data is sexist</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-warns-cow-farts-climate-change-2019-2">Bill Gates warns of the dangers of cow farts - and the world should take his words seriously</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melinda-gates-advice-working-moms-manage-stress-2019-2">Melinda Gates has some great advice on how working parents can reduce stress</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/after-talking-to-teens-last-year-about-anger-management-bill-gates-admits-that-some-of-his-famous-microsoft-tantrums-might-not-have-been-wise-2019-1">After talking to teens about anger management, Bill Gates admits that some of his Microsoft meltdowns were over the top</a></li></ul></li></ul>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-macbook-air-laptop-microsoft-surface-go-tablet-review-2019-1">We compared the $1,200 MacBook Air with the $500 Surface Go, and the results were a mess</a></h3>        <div>            <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" data-player="jwplayer" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/DfYNObs2-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;" allowfullscreen=""></iframe><script>function receiveMessage(event){ console.log(event.data.fullscreen); Android.fullscreen(event.data.fullscreen); }window.addEventListener("message", receiveMessage, false);</script>        </div>    </div>

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