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<ul><li>At the start of 2020, Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) Chairman and Secretary Department of Space K. Sivan said that the space agency was planning to have 25 launches. </li><li>All was going well for ISRO after the crashlanding of India's moon lander Vikram on the lunar surface in 2019.</li><li>The first setback of the year for ISRO came on March 4, when it had to call off the launch of GISAT-1, a day before its actual launch, owing to technical reasons. </li></ul>What would have been an insipid first half of the calendar year 2020 for the Indian space agency turned a bit interesting towards the end, with the government announcing its decision to open up the sector to private participation. At the start of 2020, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman and Secretary Department of Space K. Sivan said that the space agency was planning to have 25 launches -- including Aditya-L1 satellite, <keyword id="1512353" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Geo-Imaging-Satellite">Geo Imaging Satellite</keyword> (GISAT-1), realisation of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) or small rocket (carrying capacity 500 kg), navigation satellite with indigenous atomic clocks and <keyword id="9550825" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-data-relay-satellite-system">Indian Data Relay Satellite System</keyword> (IDRSS), and GSAT-20 satellite with electric propulsion. Sivan also said India will embark on its third moon mission 'Chandrayaan-3' and attempt to land a lander on the lunar surface sometime in 2020-21. All was going well for ISRO after the crashlanding of India's moon lander Vikram on the lunar surface in 2019. The year began well ISRO with the launch of the 3,357 kg communication satellite GSAT-30 by the European space agency Arianespace rocket Ariane 5 on January 17. The ISRO also showcased its robot/half-humanoid -- Vyommitra - which was part of its human space mission programme 'Gaganyaan'. The first setback of the year for ISRO came on March 4, when it had to call off the launch of GISAT-1, a day before its actual launch, owing to technical reasons. The ISRO did not share any detail about the technical reasons, or the glitch, and its rectification since then. It is also not known when the satellite with a very good camera would be launched. Then came the Covid-19 lockdown within and outside India that had its cascading impact on ISRO's core plans like the realisation of SSLV, launch of GISAT-1, delay in the first test-flight of the rocket as part of Gaganyaan mission. "During the lockdown, industries that were supplying components were not working. Our own officials were not able to attend office. Further travel to Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh for satellite launch by the officials were not possible due to the lockdown," Sivan told IANS. It is also not known when ISRO will be able to restart its satellite launch operations. With coronavirus infection spreading fast in the county, ISRO also started work on developing a low-cost ventilator and sanitiser. Meanwhile, two positive developments happened for ISRO -- securing an Indian patent for its liquid cooling and heating garment (LCHG) suitable for space applications and for its method of manufacturing highland lunar soil simulant or simply lunar/moon soil. On May 16, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that Indian private sector will be a co-traveller in India's space-sector journey and a level-playing field will be provided for them in satellites, launches, and space-based services. She also said that a predictable policy and regulatory environment will be provided to private players. The future projects for planetary exploration, outer space travel and others are to be opened up for the private sector, adding there will be a liberal geo-spatial data policy for providing remote-sensing data to tech-entrepreneurs subject to various checks. Welcoming the announcement, sectoral experts suggested various models for restructuring of ISRO and also urged the government to set up an independent regulator and also enact necessary legislation. On June 24, the Union Cabinet decided to set up Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), making ISRO to focus on research and development (R&amp;D) of new technologies, exploration missions, and human spaceflight programme. Singh said the Union Cabinet led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi decided to set up IN-SPACe to provide a level playing field for private companies to use Indian space infrastructure. He also said the New Space India Limited (NSIL) will endeavour to re-orient space activities from a 'supply driven' model to 'demand driven' model, thereby ensuring optimum utilisation of the country's space assets. Former ISRO Chairman <keyword id="52158" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="madhavan-nair">Madhavan Nair</keyword> said there should be a national space law to define responsibilities and liabilities. Pointing out the role envisaged for IN-SPACe and the demand for a sectoral regulator, when queried whether the proposed body could be converted into the space sector regulator, Sivan told IANS: "IN-SPACe could be turned into a regulatory body when the necessary laws and regulations are in place." "We are on the job of getting ready the Space Activities Bill. It will define the space activities, liabilities and other aspects," he added. As part of the reform process, new navigation policy is also being proposed. Suitable changes in the remote sensing data policy as well as SATCOM policy are on the anvil to align them to an open and inclusive space sector, said Sivan. "The best is to establish an independent regulator -- <keyword id="9550824" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-regulatory-authority-of-india">Space Regulatory Authority of India</keyword> (SRAI) -- which will create a level-playing field for many of the emerging players," Narayan Prasad, Chief Operating Officer, satsearch, told IANS. Establishing an independent regulator could allow a systematic review and reforms on a continuous basis rather than one-off announcements, Prasad said. As per current scheme of things, IN-SPACe will have its own directorates for technical, legal, safety and security, monitoring as well as activities promotion for assessing the private sector's needs and coordination of the activities. IN-SPACe would have a board and representatives from industry, academia and the government, Sivan said. "Initially, IN-SPACe will be manned by people from the existing space setup. Later, people from outside will be taken in. It will have its funds from the budgetary allocations for the DoS. The new body may not need big financial allocations," Sivan remarked. Stressing that the ISRO's importance will not diminish with the entry of IN-SPACe, Sivan said all the existing centres - manufacturing, services, rocket launch centres - would continue to be with the ISRO. "The ISRO will be involved in research and development in advanced technologies, human space missions. It will also share its technological expertise with the private parties. The proposed new body will not disturb the existing ones. It will be another autonomous body," Sivan said. Industry officials are hoping to see further steps being taken by the government regarding the space sector during the second half of 2020. But as regards the satellite launches - domestic as well as foreign for a fee - by ISRO during the year depends on the spread or control of coronavirus and the resultant lockdown. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/photographer-of-the-viral-black-panther-images-from-india-shares-his-story/articleshow/76830618.cms">INTERVIEW: Shaaz Jung opens up about the blood, sweat and years behind the viral images of a rare black panther</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/harvard-and-mit-are-suing-ice-to-block-its-order-forcing-international-students-to-leave-the-us-if-their-course-is-online-only/articleshow/76856699.cms">Harvard, MIT, and Northeastern University are suing ICE to block its order forcing international students to leave the US if their course is online-only</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/russian-scammers-are-conning-senior-executives-into-giving-away-2-7-million-by-impersonating-real-ceos-and-lawyers/articleshow/76849870.cms">Russian scammers are conning senior executives into giving away $2.7 million by impersonating real CEOs and lawyers</a>

ISRO doesn't know when it will be ready to restart space launches

New Delhi, The government on Wednesday eased <keyword id="19946825" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="foreign-direct-investment" source="keywords">Foreign Direct Investment</keyword> (<keyword id="19946824" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fdi" source="keywords">FDI</keyword>) norms in the space sector by allowing 100 per cent overseas investment in making components for satellites, as part of efforts to attract overseas players and private companies into the segment. The decision was taken at the <keyword id="19901283" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cabinet" source="keywords">Cabinet</keyword> meeting chaired by Prime Minister <keyword id="19895781" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="keywords">Narendra Modi</keyword>. Now, the satellite sub-sector has been divided into three different activities with defined limits for foreign investment in each such sector, according to an official statement. Presently, FDI in the space sector is allowed up to 100 per cent in the area of satellite establishment and operations through government route only. By changing the current policy, the government has allowed up to 74 per cent FDI under automatic route in satellites-manufacturing and operation, satellite data products, and ground and user segments. Beyond this limit, government approval will be required in these areas for FDI, it said. Up to 49 per cent FDI is allowed through the automatic route for launch vehicles and associated systems or subsystems, creation of spaceports for launching and receiving spacecraft. Beyond 49 per cent, FDI in these activities would require government approval, it added. Further, up to 100 per cent overseas investments are permitted under the automatic route for manufacturing of components and systems/sub-systems for satellites, ground and user segments. This increased private sector participation would help generate employment, enable modern technology absorption and make the sector self-reliant. It is expected to integrate Indian companies into global value chains. Through the decision, the government seeks to liberalise the FDI policy provisions in the space sector by prescribing easy entry routes and providing clarity for overseas investments in satellites, launch vehicles and associated systems or subsystems, creation of spaceports for launching and receiving spacecraft and manufacturing of space-related components and systems. With this, companies will be able to set up their manufacturing facilities within the country, duly encouraging Make In <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="keywords">India</keyword> initiatives of the government.

Govt eases FDI norms in space sector; 100% in making components for satellites

The <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) is gearing up for an "extremely challenging" experiment of controlled re-entry of a decommissioned orbiting satellite on Tuesday. The low <keyword id="6359982" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="earth" source="Orion">Earth</keyword> satellite, Megha-Tropiques-1 (MT1), was launched on October 12, 2011, as a joint satellite venture of ISRO and the French space agency, CNES for tropical weather and climate studies. An uninhabited area in the Pacific Ocean between 5°S to 14°S latitude and 119°W to 100°W longitude was identified as the targeted re-entry zone for MT1, weighing about 1000 kg. About 125 kg on-board fuel remained unutilised at its end-of-mission that could pose risks for accidental break-up, an ISRO statement noted. This left-over fuel was estimated to be sufficient to achieve a fully controlled atmospheric re-entry to impact the uninhabited location in the Pacific Ocean. Controlled re-entries involve deorbiting to very low altitudes to ensure impact occurs within a targeted safe zone. Usually, large satellites/rocket bodies, which are likely to survive aero-thermal fragmentation upon re-entry, are made to undergo controlled re-entry to limit ground casualty risk. However, all such satellites are specifically designed to undergo controlled re-entry at <keyword id="336838" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="eol" source="Orion">EOL</keyword>. "MT1 was not designed for EOL operations through controlled re-entry which made the entire exercise extremely challenging", ISRO said. Furthermore, the on-board constraints of the aged satellite, where several systems had lost redundancy and showed degraded performance, and maintaining subsystems under harsher environmental conditions at much lower than originally designed orbital altitude added to the operational complexities. Innovative workarounds were implemented by the operations team based on the study, deliberations, and exchanges among the mission, operations, flight dynamics, aerodynamics, propulsion, controls, navigation, thermal, and other sub-system design teams across the ISRO centres, who worked in synergy to surmount these challenges. Since August 2022, 18 orbit manoeuvres have been performed to progressively lower the orbit. In between the de-orbiting, aero-braking studies at different solar panel orientations were also carried out to gain better insights into the physical process of atmospheric drag affecting the orbital decay of the satellite. The final de-boost strategy has been designed after taking into consideration several constraints, including visibility of the re-entry trace over ground stations, ground impact within the targeted zone, and allowable operating conditions of subsystems, especially the maximum deliverable thrust and the maximum firing duration of the thrusters. The final two de-boost burns followed by the ground impact are expected to take place between 16:30 IST to 19:30 IST on March seven, ISRO said. Aero-thermal simulations show that no large fragments of the satellites are likely to survive the aerothermal heating during the re-entry. Although the mission life of the satellite originally was three years, it continued to provide valuable data services for more than a decade supporting regional and global climate models till 2021, Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said. UN/IADC (Inter-Agency Space Debris Coordination Committee) space debris mitigation guidelines recommend deorbiting a <keyword id="91911" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="leo" source="Orion">LEO</keyword> (Low Earth Orbit) object at its end-of-life (EOL), preferably through controlled re-entry to a safe impact zone, or by bringing it to an orbit where the orbital lifetime is less than 25 years, according ISRO. It is also recommended to carry out "passivation" of on-board energy sources to minimise the risk of any post-mission accidental break-up. The orbital lifetime of MT1 would have been more than 100 years in its 20 deg inclined operational orbit of 867 km altitude, according to ISRO. "As a responsible space agency committed to safe and sustainable operations in outer space, ISRO proactively takes efforts for better compliance with the UN/IADC space debris mitigation guidelines on post-mission disposal of LEO objects", the statement said. The re-entry experiment of MT1 has been undertaken as a part of the ongoing efforts as this satellite with sufficient left-over fuel presented a unique opportunity to test the relevant methodologies and understand the associated operational nuances of post mission disposal by direct re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, it was stated. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sports/news/a-unique-cricket-match-for-wheelchair-bound-players-in-kolkata/articleshow/98446407.cms">A unique cricket match for wheelchair bound players in Kolkata</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/women-are-shaping-new-real-estate-trends-like-preference-for-bigger-homes-anarock/articleshow/98446173.cms">Women are shaping new real estate trends like preference for bigger homes: Anarock</a>

ISRO gears up for 'extremely challenging' experiment of controlled reentry of aged satellite

The <keyword id="30356" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="telecom-regulatory-authority-of-india" source="Orion">Telecom Regulatory Authority of India</keyword> (Trai) on Tuesday released recommendations on the '<keyword id="15650412" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="licensing-framework" source="Orion">licensing framework</keyword> for establishing and operating satellite earth station gateway (<keyword id="15650413" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sesg" source="Orion">SESG</keyword>)'. Among the recommendations, Trai suggested there shall be a separate satellite earth station gateway (SESG) license under the <keyword id="116276" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-telegraph-act" source="Orion">Indian Telegraph Act</keyword>, the SESG license will not form part of the Unified License (UL) and the service area for the license shall be at a national level. A unified License implies that a customer can get all types of telecom services from a unified licence operator. Trai also recommended that the SESG licensee may establish, maintain, and work SESGs anywhere within the territory of India for all types of satellite systems for which the government has given permission and it may provide satellite-based resources to any entity, which holds license/permission granted by the department of telecommunication (DoT) or ministry of information and broadcasting (MIB) and is permitted to use satellite media for the provision of services under its license/ permission. A satellite gateway also referred to as a teleport or hub, is a ground station that transmits data to/from the satellite to the local area network. According to the recommendations, the SESG licensee may establish SESGs in respect of one or more government-approved satellite systems and it shall not be permitted to provide any kind of telecommunication service or broadcasting service directly to the consumers, for the provision of which, a separate license/authorisation/permission is required from the government. About the licence's validity, Trai recommends the SESG licence shall be valid for 20 years from the effective date of the licence with a provision of renewal for 10 years. Trai recommended that the licensee shall adhere to the instructions/guidelines issued by the government in respect of connecting trusted products in its network and that the licensee shall meet the instructions/ directions of DoT issued from time to time in the interest of national security. Recommendations also indicated that only the companies registered under the Companies Act shall be eligible to apply for the grant of their licence. For an entry fee, it recommended a non-refundable one-time entry fee of Rs 10 lakh shall be levied for the grant of an SESG License. And lastly, only a token license fee of Re 1 per annum shall be levied on the SESG licence SESG licensees will not provide any service directly to end-consumers. The <keyword id="116246" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="department-of-telecommunications" source="Orion">Department of Telecommunications</keyword> (DoT), through a letter dated September 10, 2021, had earlier sought the Trai's recommendations on licensing framework for the establishment of a satellite gateway. In this regard, a consultation paper on 'Licensing Framework for Establishing Satellite Earth Station Gateway' was issued on November 15, 2021. Comments from 23 stakeholders and counter-comments from seven stakeholders were received. An open house discussion (OHD) with stakeholders was held on February 25, 2022. Based on these comments and inputs from stakeholders and on its own analysis, Trai had finalised its recommendations on the 'Licensing Framework for Establishing and Operating Satellite Earth Station Gateway (SESG)' to the government. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/whatsapp-introduces-the-message-yourself-feature-working-on-voice-status-updates-and-more/articleshow/95851566.cms">WhatsApp introduces the “Message Yourself” feature, working on voice status updates and more</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-has-revealed-the-app-store-awards-winners-in-2022/articleshow/95855823.cms">Apple’s App Store awards 2022 winners — best applications and games of the year</a>

Trai releases recommendations on licensing framework for establishing, operating satellite earth station gateway

Aditya-L1, the first space-based Indian observatory to study the <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">Sun</keyword>, is getting ready for its launch soon, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="90" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> said on Monday. The satellite, realised at U R Rao Satellite Centre here, has arrived at the ISRO's spaceport in <keyword id="6355143" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="Sriharikota" source="Orion">Sriharikota</keyword> in Andhra Pradesh, the Bengaluru-headquartered national space agency said in an update on the mission. "Mostly September first week," an ISRO official told PTI when asked about the date of the launch. The spacecraft is expected to be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point 1 (L1) of the Sun-Earth system, which is about 1.5 million kilometres from the Earth. A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the L1 point has a major advantage of continuously viewing the Sun without any occultation/eclipses, ISRO noted. "This will provide a greater advantage of observing the solar activities and its effect on space weather in real time," it said. The spacecraft carries seven payloads to observe the photosphere, chromosphere and the outermost layers of the Sun (the corona) using electromagnetic and particle and magnetic field detectors. Using the special vantage point L1, four payloads will directly view the Sun and the remaining three payloads would carry out in-situ studies of particles and fields at the L1, thus providing important scientific studies of the propagatory effect of solar dynamics in the interplanetary medium. "The suits of <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="90" keywordseo="Aditya-L1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> payloads are expected to provide most crucial information to understand the problem of coronal heating, coronal mass ejection, pre-flare and flare activities and their characteristics, dynamics of space weather, propagation of particle and fields etc.," ISRO said. The major science objectives of the Aditya-L1 mission are: study of solar upper atmospheric (chromosphere and corona) dynamics; study of chromospheric and coronal heating, physics of the partially ionised plasma, initiation of the coronal mass ejections, and flares; observe the in-situ particle and plasma environment providing data for the study of particle dynamics from the Sun; physics of solar corona and its heating mechanism; diagnostics of the coronal and coronal loops plasma: temperature, velocity and density; development, dynamics and origin of coronal mass ejections; identify the sequence of processes that occur at multiple layers (chromosphere, base and extended corona) which eventually leads to solar eruptive events; magnetic field topology and magnetic field measurements in the solar corona; drivers for space weather (origin, composition and dynamics of solar wind). The instruments of Aditya-L1 are tuned to observe the solar atmosphere, mainly the chromosphere and corona, while the in-situ instruments will observe the local environment at L1.

ISRO gearing up for mission to study Sun; satellite arrives at Sriharikota for launch

<ul><li>India on Saturday successfully placed into orbit TeLEOS-2 and Lumilite-4 satellites both from <keyword id="6356662" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="singapore" source="Orion">Singapore</keyword>.</li><li>Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has orbited 424 foreign satellites from 36 countries since 1999.</li></ul>Sriharikota (Andhra Pradesh) India on Saturday successfully placed into orbit TeLEOS-2 and Lumilite-4 satellites both from Singapore. With this latest rocketing success, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has orbited 424 foreign satellites from 36 countries since 1999. Speaking about the mission Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman S. Somanath said: "The <keyword id="6395832" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="pslv" source="Orion">PSLV</keyword> rocket has placed the satellites at the intended orbit. The PSLV has demonstrated its higher reliability." Adding further Somanath said the ISRO team has done several new things to bring down the rocket's cost as the industry is gearing up manufacture. He said the rocket's upper stage on which seven non-separable payloads are fixed will be orbiting for a month and do the experiments. "For the first time, a deployable solar panel has been fixed on the upper stage," Somanath added. The PSLV Core Alone variant rocket carrying the 741 kg synthetic aperture radar satellite TeLEOS-2 as the primary passenger and the 16 kg Lumilite-4, a technology demonstration nano satellite as the co-passenger blasted off from the first launch pad at <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> (SDSC) here at 2.20 p.m. The rocketing on Saturday was made possible by NewSpace India Ltd-the commercial arm of India's Department of Space -- by contracting with the two parties. These two satellites apart, there are seven non-separable experimental payloads which are part of the rocket's final stage (PS4). They belong to ISRO, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology (IIST), Bellatrix Aerospace, <keyword id="2623423" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="dhruva-space" source="Orion">Dhruva Space</keyword>, and Indian Institute of Astrophysics. The ISRO uses the final stage (PS4) of the PSLV rocket as an orbital platform for in-orbit experiments and has named it as PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM). The four stage expendable, 44.4 m tall PSLV-C55 rocket weighing 228 ton slowly rose-up towards the skies from the first launchpad here with thick orange flame at its tail. The rocket gained speed as it went up while emitting a rolling thunder sound. The PSLV rocket is powered by solid (first and third stages) and liquid (second and fourth stages) fuels alternatively. The PSLV in normal configuration is a four stage/engine expendable rocket powered by solid and liquid fuels alternatively with booster motors strapped on to the first stage to give higher thrust during the initial flight moments. The rocket that flew on Saturday was the 57th flight of PSLV and 16th mission of the Core Alone variant, without any strap-on motors. According to ISRO, The TeLEOS-2 satellite is developed under a partnership between DSTA (representing the government of Singapore) and <keyword id="275424" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="st-engineering" source="Orion">ST Engineering</keyword>. Once deployed and operational, it will be used to support the satellite imagery requirements of various agencies within the government of Singapore. The TeLEOS-2 carries a synthetic aperture radar payload. TeLEOS-2 will be able to provide all-weather day and night coverage, and is capable of imaging at 1m full-polarimetric resolution, ISRO said. The Lumelite-4 satellite is co-developed by the Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R) of A*STAR and Satellite Technology and Research Centre (STAR) of the National University of Singapore. The Indian space agency said Lumilite-4 is an advanced 12U satellite developed for the technological demonstration of the High-Performance Space-borne VHF Data Exchange System (VDES). Using the VDES communication payload developed by I2R and STAR's scalable satellite bus platform, it aims to augment Singapore's e-navigation maritime safety and benefit the global shipping community. Just over 19 minutes into its flight, the PSLV-C55 first orbited TeLEOS-2 and followed it by Lumilite-4 - both into an Eastward low inclination orbit. (Venkatachari Jagannathan can be reached at v.jagannathan@ians.in) SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/bard-to-magi-googles-latest-weapon-in-the-battle-for-search-supremacy/articleshow/99576251.cms">From Bard to Magi: Google's latest weapon in the battle for search supremacy</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ai-generated-images-and-videos-a-game-changer-or-a-threat-to-authenticity/articleshow/99560443.cms">AI-generated images and videos: A game-changer or a threat to authenticity?</a>

India successfully orbits 2 Singapore satellites (Ld)

India on Sunday morning successfully placed into <keyword id="10842249" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="orbit-brazil">orbit Brazil</keyword>'s earth observation satellite Amazonia-1in a textbook style. The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C51 (PSLV-C51) blasted off from the first launch pad at 10.24 a.m. laden with 19 <keyword id="41530" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="satellites">satellites</keyword> including Amazonia-1. At 10.24 a.m. the 44.4 metre tall PSLV-C51 rocket blasted off from the first launch pad here laden with 19 satellites-foreign and Indian- and slowly rose-up towards the skies with thick orange flame at its tail. The rocket slowly gained speed as it went up while emitting a rolling thunder sound. Seventeen minutes into its flight the rocket slung its primary passenger the Brazilian satellite Amazonia-1 - the first of the 19 satellites- into its intended Sun Synchronous Orbit. Amazonia-1 is the optical earth observation satellite of National Institute for Space Research (INPE). This satellite would further strengthen the existing structure by providing remote sensing data to users for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analysis of diversified agriculture across the Brazilian territory, <keyword id="116095" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) said. With this India has slung 329 foreign satellites till date. If all goes well, then India will end the mission orbiting a total of 342 foreign satellites, all for a fee. India's first space mission for 2021 is one of the longest for a PSLV rocket is expected to conclude 1 hour, 55 minutes and 7 seconds into its flight. The rocketing is a fully commercial one of NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL). The 18 co-passenger satellites include four from IN-SPACe (three UNITYsats from consortium of three Indian academic institutes (Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Sriperumbudur, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur and Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore), one Satish Dhawan Sat from Space Kidz India) with an engraved picture of Prime Minister Narendra Modi as well as <keyword id="6391748" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="bhagavad-gita">Bhagavad Gita</keyword> in a flash. The remaining 14 satellites are Sindhu Netra, an Indian technology demonstration satellite from <keyword id="490397" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Defence-Research-Development-Organisation">Defence Research Development Organisation</keyword>'s (DRDO) research centre Imarat, Hyderabad to identify suspicious ships and 13 satellites from the USA viz., SAI-1 NanoConnect-2, a technology demonstration satellite and 12 SpaceBees satellites for two-way satellite communications and data relay. For the third time ISRO is using the PSLV rocket's DL variant that will have two strap-on booster motors. In normal configuration the PSLV is a four stage/engine expendable rocket powered by solid and liquid fuels alternatively. Six booster motors will also be strapped on to the first stage to give higher thrust during the initial flight moments. But the PSLV rocket that flew on Sunday was the DL variant having only two strap-booster motors. This rocket variant was used the first time to put the Microsat R satellite into orbit on January 24, 2019. The Indian space agency has PSLV variants with two and four strap-on motors, larger PSLV-XL and the Core Alone variant without any strap-on motors. The choice of the rocket to be used for a mission depends on the weight of the satellite and the orbit where the satellite has to be orbited. Be that as it may, the PSLV-C51 mission is one of longest ones. As per its flight plan, the rocket will put the 19 satellites into Sun Synchronous Orbit over a duration of 1 hour, 55 minutes and 7 seconds. During its flight, the rocket's fourth stage engine will be cut off and restarted a couple of times, the first one will be at 16 minutes into its flight. Just over one hour into its flight the rocket's engine will be restarted for about nine seconds before it is shut down again. After 1 hour, 49 minutes and 52 seconds the rocket's engine will be reignited for eight seconds after which the 18 piggy back satellites will be put into orbit. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/how-to/how-to-export-passwords-from-lastpass/articleshow/81221242.cms">How to export passwords from LastPass</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/whatsapp-signal-and-telegram-face-a-catch-22-situation-as-indias-new-social-media-rules-threaten-encryption/articleshow/81221070.cms">Whatsapp, Signal and Telegram face a catch-22 situation as India’s new social media rules threaten encryption</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/india-saw-the-birth-of-two-new-unicorns-this-week-both-their-valuations-have-swelled-multiple-times-in-just-a-few-months/articleshow/81221476.cms">India saw the birth of two new unicorns this week – both their valuations have swelled multiple times in just a few months</a>

Indian rocket PSLV puts Brazil's Amazonia-1 satellite into orbit

The countdown for India's one of the longest rocketing by <keyword id="622933" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Polar-Satellite-Launch-Vehicle">Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle</keyword> (PSLV) rocket carrying 19 satellites began at 8.54 a.m. on Saturday, said a top official of <keyword id="116095" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO). The Indian rocket numbered PSLV-C51 carrying the 637-kg Brazilian satellite Amazonia-1 and 18 <keyword id="10837063" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="other-satellites">other satellites</keyword> (including 13 from USA) is scheduled to lift-off from the first launch pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh at 10.24 a.m. on Sunday. "The countdown for the rocket's flight started at 8.54 a.m for the launch at 10.24 a.m tomorrow (Sunday)," K.Sivan, ISRO Chairman told IANS. India's first space mission for 2021 is one of the longest for a PSLV rocket is expected to conclude 1 hour, 55 minutes and 7 seconds into its flight. If all goes well with the Sunday morning rocketing of PSLV-C51 then India would have slung a total of 342 foreign satellites, all for a fee. The rocketing is a fully commercial one of NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL) with the primary passenger being the Amazonia-1 satellite. Amazonia-1 is the optical earth observation satellite of National Institute for <keyword id="6495330" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-research">Space Research</keyword> (INPE). This satellite would further strengthen the existing structure by providing remote sensing data to users for monitoring deforestation in the Amazon region and analysis of diversified agriculture across the Brazilian territory, ISRO said. The 18 co-passenger satellites include four from IN-SPACe (three UNITYsats from consortium of three Indian academic institutes (Jeppiaar Institute of Technology, Sriperumbudur, G.H.Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur and Sri Shakthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore) Aand One Satish Dhawan Sat from <keyword id="4136256" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-kidz-india">Space Kidz India</keyword>) and 14 from NSIL. The other 14 satellites ferried on commercial basis are SindhuNetra, an Indian technology demonstration satellite and 13 satellites from the USA viz., SAI-1 NanoConnect-2, a technology demonstration satellite and 12 SpaceBees satellites for two way satellite communications and data relay. For the third time ISRO will be using the PSLV rocket's DL variant that will have two strap-on booster motors. This rocket variant was used the first time to put into orbit the Microsat R satellite on January 24, 2019. The PSLV is a four stage/engine rocket powered by solid and liquid fuels alternatively with six booster motors strapped on to the first stage to give higher thrust during the initial flight moments. The PSLV-C51 mission is one of longest ones. The 19 satellites will be put into Sun Synchronous Orbit over a duration of 1 hour, 55 minutes and 7 seconds. During its flight, the rocket's fourth stage engine will be cut off and restarted a couple of times, the first one will be at 16 minutes into its flight. Seventeen minutes into its flight the rocket will sling the Brazilian satellite Amazonia-1. Just over one hour into its flight the rocket's engine will be restarted for about nine seconds before it is shut down again. After 1 hour, 49 minutes and 52 seconds the rocket's engine will be reignited for eight seconds after which the 18 piggy back satellites will be put into orbit. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/how-to/how-to-export-passwords-from-lastpass/articleshow/81221242.cms">How to export passwords from LastPass</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/whatsapp-signal-and-telegram-face-a-catch-22-situation-as-indias-new-social-media-rules-threaten-encryption/articleshow/81221070.cms">Whatsapp, Signal and Telegram face a catch-22 situation as India’s new social media rules threaten encryption</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/india-saw-the-birth-of-two-new-unicorns-this-week-both-their-valuations-have-swelled-multiple-times-in-just-a-few-months/articleshow/81221476.cms">India saw the birth of two new unicorns this week – both their valuations have swelled multiple times in just a few months</a>

Countdown begins for PSLV rocket's one of longest missions

<ul><li>The <keyword id="82181" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="World-Meteorological-Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</keyword> (WMO) is expressed concerned that bandwidths allocated for <keyword id="1671941" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="5G-technology">5G technology</keyword> could put the future of other applications, like early weather warning systems, at risk. </li><li>They claim that the decision to allocation 24.25 to 27.5 GHz for 5G technology would impair the accuracy of data collection. </li><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has expressed similar concerns as it opposed the use of the 26 GHz band for 5G deployment since its used for satellite service. </li></ul>It's not just ISRO — global agencies are also worried that 5G airwaves will interfere with their satellites. The World Meteorological Organisation (<a href="https://public.wmo.int/en/media/news/wmo-expresses-concern-about-radio-frequency-decision">WMO</a>) has expressed concern over the allocation of bandwidth — 24.25 to 27.5 GHz — for 5G technology during the World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19). They claim that it will severely hamper the functioning of a number of different technologies — including weather early warning systems. "The race to release 5G technology threatens to squeeze out other radio-frequency dependent technologies, including the world's critical national severe weather early warning systems," stated the WMO. And the Europen Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) agrees. "The agreement reached in Egypt falls far short of ensuring 5G applications do not interfere with weather observations at 24 GHz," it said. The fight over airwaves The world's radio spectrum is a limited resource. Only a narrow band is actually useful for communication purposes. Within that narrow band, everything and everyone — from radio, TV, mobile phones, and WiFi to aircraft, ships, and the military — need to function. According to ISRO, it needs the 26GHz bandwidth to operate its satellites. 5G services could interfere with the data being sent back and forth. The WMO and ECMWF are more concerned with the opposite end of the bandwidth between 23.6 to 24 GHz. "That could lead to nearly ten times more interfering out-of-band emissions than what the WMO had recommended allowing," said the international agency. The catch is that the new regulations for bandwidth use for 5G will only come into effect after 1 September 2027. "The risk, therefore, is that 5G could roll-out more quickly than initially anticipated, creating an unregulated increase in interference in the 24GHz," explained the WMO. This means that telecom operators will be incentivised to deploy their 5G technologies before 2027 because there will be no regulations till then. Even when the regulations are enforced, they won't be asked to replace their technology — only adhere to more stringent standards. "Potential effects of this could be felt across multiple impact areas including aviation, shipping, agricultural meteorology and warning of extreme events as well as our common ability to monitor climate change in the future," said WMO Secretary-General Petteri Taalas said in a statement. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/as-the-rest-of-the-world-flies-high-on-5g-most-of-india-will-still-be-on-a-4g-network-in-2025/articleshow/72225998.cms">As the rest of the world flies high on 5G, most of India will still be on a 4G network in 2025</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/biggest-challenges-for-indias-5g-network-connectivity-according-to-strategy-expert/articleshow/71609944.cms">Here are the biggest challenges for India as it rolls out its 5G network, according to a strategy expert</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/china-is-threatening-india-into-using-its-5g-technology/articleshow/70568132.cms">China is threatening India into using its 5G technology</a>

It’s not just ISRO — global weather agencies also think 5G technology will eat up valuable airwaves

<ul><li>NavIC, the Indian GPS, to be launched soon and will work with the help of a constellation of seven satellites to provide accurate position information to users within the country. </li><li>The desi GPS is expected to work better because a larger number of satellites will be focusing on a smaller area. </li><li>The CAG Report states NavIC’s delays and money overruns . </li></ul>The Indian Regional <keyword id="48724" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Navigation">Navigation</keyword> Satellite System’s (IRNSS) project of an indigenous GPS, sanctioned by the Indian government in 2006, is finally near its completion. The <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/indias-desi-gps-navic-all-set-to-navigate-you/articleshow/64639096.cms">NavIC</a> (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is all set to be launched soon. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has taken the lead in this project. The ‘desi’ <keyword id="60096" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-Positioning-System">Global Positioning System</keyword>, or the GPS as it is better known, is an attempt to challenge the GPS made by the West and also become self-reliant when it comes to tracking and mapping. <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> took up this project after the US government denied access to its GPS to track the positioning of Pakistani troops during the Kargil War in 1999. NavIC will work with the help of a constellation of seven satellites to provide accurate position information to users within the country. The satellites cover India and upto 1,500 kilometres of area from its borders. The NavIC will be helpful with terrestrial, aerial and marine navigation, vehicle tracking and fleet management, disaster management, mapping and geodetic data capture, visual and voice navigation for drivers. To access all these services, the NavlC needs to be embedded in chips and other devices that are compatible with mobiles and can be used in cars. While it sounds like a great option to generate money by going the ‘Make in India’ way, IT secretary, Ajay Prakash Sawhney, has said that the NavIC will be providing these services for the strategic interest of the country and not to earn revenues. The GPS we use in the country right now comes from the West and its accuracy, efficiency is often debatable and reliant on the network services in the country. The desi GPS is expected to work better because a larger number of satellites will be focusing on a smaller area. It is also expected to work better across weather conditions as it uses a dual frequency system and has a position accuracy of five metres as opposed to the foreign GPS technology that uses single frequency and has 20-30 metres of position accuracy. The project, when approved, was given a budget of ₹14.2 billion and was expected to be out by 2011. It is clear that the project has <a href="https://thewire.in/space/indias-gps-delayed-by-deadline-overruns-isros-administrative-laxity-cag">failed to meet deadlines</a>, but there’s a reason for it all. An audit done this March by Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), the authority that examines all receipts and expenditures of the Government of India and the state governments, explains the delay. The <a href="https://www.cag.gov.in/sites/default/files/audit_report_files/Chapter_7_Department_Of_Space_of_Report_No.2_of_2018_%E2%80%93_Compliance_Audit_on_Scientific_and_Environmental_MinistriesDepartments_Union_Government.pdf">CAG report</a> states that there has been a delay of anything between two to nine years in the completion of specific contracts given to ISRO for NavIC. Seven contracts were still pending till last May. Though ISRO can not be blamed for all the delays, most of them were because of inadequate follow-up, failed coordination or mere “administrative laxity”. Failed satellite launches and dysfunctional equipment like atomic and primary clocks has further added to NavlC’s delay. So far, ISRO has spent over ₹24 billion on NavIC - ₹12.8 billion from sanctioned budget, and a supplementary ₹11.6 billion to launch the seven satellites. There has been a lot of “unnecessary expenditure”, according to the CAG audit, which even includes the purchase of incompatible modems. The project had also been at odds with the government when it refused to carry out some responsibilities it took funds for, like setting up the user segment. However, despite these challenges, all that NavIC now awaits is the Request for Proposal (RPF) that has been called for so as it can begin with the implementation, launch and promotion. Once that is done, India will become one of the countries with their own positioning system like, Russia and USA, strengthening its social and technological position worldwide.

Move aside, India is all set to launch its desi GPS service and it might be more accurate

The Indian space agency is gearing up for launching the next set of 36 satellites of the UK-based Network Access Associated Ltd (<keyword id="2686914" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="oneweb" source="Orion">OneWeb</keyword>) in January 2023 by testing the crucial cryogenic engine of its rocket LVM3. According to the Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>), the flight acceptance hot test of a CE-20 engine was successfully carried out for a duration of 25 seconds in the High Altitude Test facility of ISRO Propulsion Complex at Mahendragiri. This engine is earmarked for the LVM3-M3 mission identified for the launch of the next set of 36 numbers of OneWeb India-1 satellites, ISRO said. The cryogenic upper stage of the LVM3 vehicle (C25 stage) is powered by a CE-20 engine working with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen (LOX-LH2) propellants combination. This engine develops a nominal thrust of 186.36 kN in vacuum. The major objectives of the flight acceptance test were to confirm the integrity of the hardware, assessment of subsystems' performance and tune the engine for meeting the mission requirements parameters for engine tuning for flight operation. Analysis of test data confirmed the satisfactory performance of the engine systems. This engine will be assembled to the C25 flight stage being integrated for the LVM3 M3 rocket. ISRO's commercial arm NewSpace India Ltd (NSIL) has signed a contra ct with OneWeb to launch 72 satellites in two phases for a launch fee of over Rs 1,000 crore, said Sunil Bharti Mittal, Chairman, OneWeb. The orbiting of first set to 36 satellites happened successfully on Oct 23 from Sriharikota rocket port in Andhra Pradesh with LVM3 rocket also known as Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle MkIII (GSLV MkIII). OneWeb plans to have a constellation of 648 satellites in low earth orbit (LEO) to offer its broadband services across the world. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/investment/news/more-than-3-2-trillion-has-been-wiped-off-tech-giants-value-this-year-as-inflation-soars-and-a-recession-looms/articleshow/95168572.cms">More than $3.2 trillion has been wiped off tech giants' value this year as inflation soars and recession looms</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-fired-twitter-execs-including-ceo-parag-agrawal-for-cause-in-a-bid-to-avoid-paying-out-tens-of-millions-in-severance-report-says/articleshow/95182325.cms">Elon Musk fired Twitter execs including CEO Parag Agrawal 'for cause' in a bid to avoid paying out tens of millions in severance, report says</a>

You Searched For "indian data relay satellite system" and got 11 results

ISRO doesn't know when it will be ready to restart space launches

IANS

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ISRO gears up for 'extremely challenging' experiment of controlled reentry of aged satellite

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Trai releases recommendations on licensing framework for establishing, operating satellite earth station gateway

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ISRO gearing up for mission to study Sun; satellite arrives at Sriharikota for launch

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India successfully orbits 2 Singapore satellites (Ld)

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Indian rocket PSLV puts Brazil's Amazonia-1 satellite into orbit

IANS

Countdown begins for PSLV rocket's one of longest missions

IANS

It’s not just ISRO — global weather agencies also think 5G technology will eat up valuable airwaves

Prabhjote Gill

Move aside, India is all set to launch its desi GPS service and it might be more accurate

BI India Bureau

ISRO gearing up to launch the next set of 36 OneWeb satellites in January 2023

IANS

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