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<ul class="summary-list"><li>This year, the world made several major achievements in the race to space. </li><li>They included SpaceX sending its most powerful rocket to space and India reaching the moon. </li></ul>Every year, space agencies and private companies move closer to making us a multi-planetary species, breaking barriers along the way.This year was no exception. 2023 saw groundbreaking rocket launches, unprecedented lunar missions, and remarkable scientific discoveries.Ahead of the new year, here's everything you need to know to catch up.<h2>1. SpaceX's Starship soared toward space twice – and blew up both times</h2><div type="image" title="starship rocket launching" height="1596" width="2842" msid="106403268" hostid="261" sizebytes="146050"></div>One of the most long-awaited spaceflight events of the decade took place in 2023, after SpaceX launched its gargantuan Starship mega-rocket in its fully-stacked form for the first time.Starship is the most powerful rocket ever built. Standing at almost 400ft, it is designed to be a workhorse to ferry humans and cargo to and from Mars. It could also play a crucial role in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-starship-launch-crucial-nasa-moon-return-sls-2023-3">NASA's return to the moon</a>.Elon Musk's SpaceX had previously shown it could fly the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/watch-spacex-starship-rocket-exploded-five-times-2023-4">Starship spaceship</a> on its own. But the company had never attempted to launch it on top of its Super Heavy booster — a necessary step to bring the spaceship to outer space.That seal was broken this year, twice. The fully stacked mega-rocket took its maiden flight on April 21.The flight, in some measure, was a success. The rocket cleared the launchpad and flew for a few minutes. But it eventually burst into flames after tumbling out of control. It later came to light that Starship's powerful engines had also <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-rocket-crater-concrete-launchpad-upon-liftoff-2023-4">blown a crater</a> in its concrete launchpad.Undeterred, SpaceX modified the rocket and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-launch-rocket-blows-up-explosion-elon-musk-mars-2023-11?r=US&amp;IR=T">flew again</a> on November 18. This time, the spacecraft successfully separated and flew into space, though it burst again within <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-launch-rocket-blows-up-explosion-elon-musk-mars-2023-11?r=US&amp;IR=T">seconds of reaching its apex</a>.<h2>2. Private space companies made waves</h2><div type="image" title="A photomontage shows Terran 1 ready to launch on its launchpad next to a picture of the rocket's trajectory after launch." height="1000" width="2000" msid="106403270" hostid="261" sizebytes="73662"></div>It was a big year for other spaceflight companies as well.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/relativity-space-3d-printed-rocket-mars-musk-spacex-bezos-launch-2023-3?r=US&amp;IR=T">Relativity Space</a> showed the capability of its monstrous 3D printers by launching and flying a rocket that was made of 85% printed materials. Terran 1 successfully separated from its first stage but didn't quite make it to orbit.The company now aims to develop an even bigger rocket, called Terran R, in a bid to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.relativityspace.com/press-release/2022/7/19/impulse-space-and-relativity-space-announce-first-commercial-mission-to-mars">beat Musk to Mars</a>. While Relativity will keep pushing its rocket development, its main purpose is to demonstrate the power of its 3D printers, which could one day be used to create custom equipment for Martian settlers, the company CEO Tim Ellis previously told Business Insider.Meanwhile, Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin got a much-needed vote of confidence from NASA. In May, it became the second private company, after SpaceX, to land the agency's coveted contract to develop tech to land astronauts on the moon. The company was awarded $3.4 billion.The firm was also awarded the Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers (ESCAPADE) NASA contract, which means New Glenn, a heavy-lift orbital launch vehicle in development by Blue Origin, could fly a research payload to Mars on its first flight.SpaceX also beat a record that it had set only last year.By October, the company had launched 74 orbital missions, up from its previous record of 62 in 2022.The firm aims to launch 100 flights by the end of 2023, Bill Gerstenmaier, a senior SpaceX official, said on October 18 during a hearing of the U.S. Senate's Subcommittee on Space and Science, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.space.com/spacex-launch-144-missions-2024">per Space.com.</a>He added that next year it would aim for 12 flights per month, or a mission every three days or less, per Space.com.<h2>3. China got serious about the moon</h2>China once again demonstrated its precise spaceflight engineering capabilities, reporting it had reached orbit with a rocket fueled<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-beats-spacex-blue-origin-orbit-methane-rocket-2023-7?r=US&amp;IR=T"> with methalox,</a> a composite liquid fuel of methane and oxygen, in July.In doing so, the country beat several US companies trying to get methalox-fueled rockets to orbit, including SpaceX and Blue Origin.<div type="image" title="Chinese LandSpace's Zhuque-2 rocket is seen on its launchpad at night" height="1290" width="2000" msid="106403271" hostid="261" sizebytes="104158"></div>The country this year continued to set aggressive timelines for its space program, announcing it could <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-to-build-moon-station-five-years-lunar-soil-bricks-2023-4?r=US&amp;IR=T">build a space station</a> on the moon within five years, and put boots on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-moon-mission-astronauts-by-2030-2023-5?r=US&amp;IR=T">lunar soil by 2030.</a><h2>4. Russia fell behind on its lunar ambitions</h2>Meanwhile, Russia's lunar aspirations were dealt a blow this year.Roscosmos attempted to beat nations like China, the USA, Japan, and India by aiming to be the first to land a robotic mission near the south pole of the moon, a strategically important site for upcoming lunar missions.The nation was attempting to revive its long-dormant lunar program, which hadn't landed on the moon <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-russia-falling-behind-us-china-in-moon-space-race-2023-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">since the collapse of the Soviet Union</a>.But after a successful launch in August, Roscosmos's Luna-25 probe broke contact with Earth and spun out of control before <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-attempt-land-moon-ends-in-disaster-luna-25-2023-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">crashing into the moon.</a><h2>5. Where Russia failed, India thrived — a step that puts them in pole position in the space race</h2>India surprised the world in August when it became <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/watch-india-attempt-first-ever-moon-landing-2023-8?r=US&amp;IR=T">the first nation</a> to land a spacecraft near the south pole of the moon, and only the fourth country to ever land on the moon.Chandrayaan-3's dog-sized rover, released by the spacecraft a few days after it landed, collected crucial information about the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-vikram-lunar-lander-moon-discoveries-2023-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">lunar soil</a> before shutting down in September.<div type="image" title="image of the lander on the moon" height="1024" width="1024" msid="106403273" hostid="261" sizebytes="123486"></div>"It definitely puts them on the international stage as an emerging space power," Robert Braun, head of space exploration at Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, previously told Business Insider.<h2>6. Europe tried to catch up</h2>The UK attempted the first launch from British soil from its new <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/virgin-orbit-uk-space-launch-fail-rocket-mission-spaceport-photos-2023-1">Spaceport Cornwall</a> in Newquay in January. But celebrations were cut short when Virgin Orbit's rocket failed to reach orbit. This was a blow to the spaceport as Virgin Orbit, its only listed customer, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/virgin-orbit-bankruptcy-protection-richard-branson-space-launch-funding-2023-4">closed down shortly after.</a>This misfire is a symptom of a bigger issue at stake. The European Space Agency's (ESA's) independent access to space has been <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ft.com/content/14b060df-4cfc-4494-a3d2-2af57dc6fa2a">shrinking steadily</a>.ESA has been facing fire for the delay in its heavy-lift <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ft.com/content/55619674-9ca3-478f-9c5a-d3a7525ccac7">Ariane 6 development</a> and the recent failures of its newest rocket, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.space.com/vega-c-failure-rocket-nozzle-flaw-investigation-report">Vega-C</a>. This has left the European agency in an "acute launcher crisis" after the retirement of Ariane 5 in July, ESA head Josef Aschbacher <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/holistic-approach-launchers-exploration-europe-josef-aschbacher/">said</a>.The UK's newly-developed spaceports are part of a bigger push to expand commercial launching capability in the area. European countries have been investing in building continental spaceports to complement ESA's launchpad in French Guiana. The first EU mainland spaceport was inaugurated in Sweden's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.space.com/first-european-mainland-orbital-spaceport-swedish-rocket-range">Arctic Circle</a> in January. An orbital spaceport was opened in <a target="_blank" href="https://spacenews.com/norway-opens-andoya-spaceport/">Andøya, Norway</a>, in November.In announcing the Swedish spaceport, EU president <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pressclub.be/press-releases/speech-by-president-von-der-leyen-at-the-inauguration-of-the-esrange-spaceport/">Ursula van der Leyen</a> foreshadowed a "change to the way we 'do space' in Europe," promising more support for small space firms and private investors.Europe's private spaceflight ambitions did get a welcome boost in October when the bloc's first fully private rocket, a single-stage rocket called Miura-1 designed by Spanish firm PLDSpace, took its first flight.The rocket failed to reach orbit but provided precious data that the firm hopes will help them push the development of its two-stage reusable rocket Muira-5, which could launch as early as 2025, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.space.com/pld-space-first-launch-miura-1-rocket">Space.com reported.</a>

From Elon Musk's giant Starship rocket to India's spectacular moon landing, 2023 was an epic year in space

The <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) launched <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>'s largest LVM3 rocket carrying 36 satellites from Andhra Pradesh's <keyword id="6355143" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sriharikota" source="Orion">Sriharikota</keyword> on Sunday morning. LVM3 was launched from <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> in Sriharikota at around 9 AM. "LVM3 standing 43.5 metres tall and weighing 643 tonnes lifted off from the second launch pad rocket port carrying OneWeb's final instalment of 36 Gen1 satellites", said the officials. Reportedly, the LVM3 is a three-stage rocket with the first stage fired with liquid fuel, the two strap-on motors powered by solid fuel, the second by liquid fuel and the third is the cryogenic engine. "Just over 19 minutes after the rocket's take off, the process of satellite separation will begin. The separation of 36 satellites will happen in a phased manner", as informed by the officials. Earlier social media handle of OneWeb satellite communications company and a partner in this mission took to Twitter and said, "Our golden 'Hello World' mission patch for this launch reflects our initiation of global coverage this year". One Web also mentioned the importance of collaboration between the UK and Indian space industries. One Web further tweeted, "OneWebLaunch18 will see us launch 36 satellites with @isro and @NSIL_India from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. This mission marks OneWeb's second satellite deployment from India, highlighting the collaboration between the UK and Indian space industries". In the year 2022 on October 23, ISRO launched 36 satellites of OneWeb. It was the first satellite deployment collaboration between the two organizations. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/ashneer-grovers-new-startup-crickpe-is-a-fantasy-sports-app-that-will-also-reward-cricketers/articleshow/98964195.cms">Ashneer Grover's new startup CrickPe is a fantasy sports app that will also reward cricketers</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/you-will-soon-lose-your-legacy-blue-tick-on-twitter-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/articleshow/98960333.cms">You will soon lose your legacy blue tick on Twitter – here’s everything you need to know</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/three-out-of-four-premium-smartphones-sold-in-2022-were-an-iphone/articleshow/98855033.cms">Three out of four premium smartphones sold in 2022 were an iPhone</a>

ISRO launches India's largest LVM3 rocket from Sriharikota

<keyword id="6355143" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sriharikota" source="Orion">Sriharikota</keyword> (Andhra Pradesh), Feb 10 (IANS) India's new rocket Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV-D2) on Friday morning lifted off with an earth observation satellite-07 (EOS-07) weighing 156.3 kg. Piggybacking on that are two other satellites -- 10.2 kg Janus-1 belonging to ANTARIS of the US and 8.7 kg AzaadiSat-2 belonging to <keyword id="4136256" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-kidz-india" source="Orion">Space Kidz India</keyword>, Chennai. The SSLV-D2 is carrying a total weight of 175.2 kg. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed <keyword id="6864059" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sslv" source="Orion">SSLV</keyword> with a carrying capacity of 500 kg to the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) based on the market trend of going in for smaller satellites. At about 9.18 a.m. the 34 metre tall and 120 ton expendable rocket costing about Rs 56 crore broke free of the first launch pad and started its upward one way journey. The rocket with a thick orange flame at its tail slowly gathered speed and went up and up. As to the mission's objectives, ISRO said it is to demonstrate the designed payload capability of SSLV in LEO and injection of three satellites -- EOS-07, Janus-1 and AzaadiSAT-2 -- into the 450 km circular orbit. About 13 minutes into its flight, the SSLV rocket will eject EOS-07 and soon after that the other two satellites Janus-1 and AzaadiSAT-2 would be ejected -- all at an altitude of 450 km, said ISRO. With the new rocket in its portfolio, ISRO will have three rockets -- Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and its variants (cost about Rs 200 crore), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV-MkII cost about Rs 272 crore and LVM3 Rs 434 crore) and SSLV (Development cost of three rockets about Rs 56 crore each) and production cost may go down later. The SSLV's maiden flight -- SSLV-D1- on August 7, 2022 was a failure as the rocket had put the two satellites -- EOS-01 and AZAADISAT -- in a wrong orbit resulting in their loss. According to ISRO, the onboard sensors of SSLV-D1 were affected due to vibrations during the separation of its second stage. While the rocket's software was able to perform the ejection of the satellites, the ejections were done into a wrong orbit. The satellites also lacked necessary velocity to be on a stable orbit and went into oblivion. (Venkatachari Jagannathan can be reached at v.jagannathan@ians.in) SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/what-does-it-cost-to-find-love-on-a-dating-app-and-is-the-price-worth-it/articleshow/97775287.cms">What does it cost to find love on a dating app, and is the price worth it?</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sustainability/news/indias-first-solar-powered-electric-vehicle-could-cut-your-daily-transportation-costs-by-one-third/articleshow/97773509.cms">India's first solar-powered electric vehicle could cut your daily transportation costs by one-third!</a>

India's small rocket SSLV-D2 lifts off from Sriharikota with an earth observation satellite

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA's TIMED satellite narrowly avoided colliding with Russia's dead Cosmos 2221 spacecraft this week.</li><li>In the worst-case scenario, the collision would have ejected 7,500 bits of debris into low-Earth orbit.</li></ul>Two satellites nearly collided in space on Wednesday in a harrowing encounter that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-boeing-space-startups-satellite-orbit-stock-companies-to-watch-2021-6">LeoLabs</a>, a satellite tracking company, called "too close for comfort."NASA's Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite passed by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-satellite-breaks-up-orbit-space-debris-could-last-century-2023-2">Russia's</a> inoperative Cosmos 2221 spacecraft at a distance of less than 65 feet. That's shorter than the length of a tennis court.Both of these satellites are non-maneuverable, meaning neither the US or Russia have control over where they go.If they had collided, it could have decimated both satellites, blasting 2,500 to 7,500 fragments of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rocket-satellite-metals-polluting-earth-stratosphere-2023-10">space junk</a> into Earth's orbit that would now be zooming around our planet at thousands of miles per hour, faster than bullets.The fragments wouldn't have posed a danger to life on Earth, as any that penetrated our atmosphere would have burned up during free fall.But it would have threatened <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hypersonic-plane-startups-pulling-millions-from-vcs-venture-capital-2022-6">future spaceflight</a> and astronaut lives since the resulting debris could have made navigating low-Earth orbit far more treacherous."There are 'bad neighborhoods' where these massive derelicts are accumulating preferentially," LeoLabs' Senior Technical Fellow Darren McKnight told Business Insider in an email.Avoiding collisions in these congested areas is becoming increasingly difficult as the amount of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/manmade-object-satellite-outshines-nearly-every-star-night-sky-space-2023-10">objects in Earth's orbit</a> grows each year.<h2>Earth's orbit is getting overcrowded</h2><div type="image" title="Graph of spatial density of non-operational objects in low-Earth orbit." height="949" width="1049" msid="108147879" hostid="261" sizebytes="28668"></div>Near-collisions between large space objects like this are rare, but it only takes one to completely change the landscape of Earth's orbit and endanger countless other satellites, space telescopes, and even the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-unknown-orbital-debris-narrowly-missed-striking-iss-avoidance-maneuver-2020-9">International Space Station</a>.For example, two satellite collisions that occurred in 2007 and 2009, respectively, increased the amount of large debris in low-Earth orbit by roughly 70%.And with the advent of mega-constellations of internet satellites, such as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-spacex-trying-to-stop-russia-using-starlink-2024-2">SpaceX's Starlink</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-launches-deal-project-kuiper-satellites-blue-origin-ula-arianespace-2022-4">Amazon's Kuiper</a>, the number of objects in low-Earth orbit is growing more and more each year, increasing the risk of collisions.<div type="image" title="side-by-side images of objects in LEO" height="751" width="1433" msid="108147880" hostid="261" sizebytes="148278"></div>In 2007, scientists estimated about 10,000 low-Earth objects. By 2021, that number had doubled. And most of it isn't even useful — it's space junk.Roughly 70% is debris from damaged or defunct rockets, satellites, and nonoperational payloads, according to LeoLabs.That's just what's cataloged, though.The European Space Agency <a target="_blank" href="https://www.esa.int/Space_Safety/Space_Debris/Space_debris_by_the_numbers">estimates</a> that nearly 1 million bits of debris between 1 cm-10 cm are circling Earth, with another 130 million bits even smaller than that.Space junk is so pervasive the International Space Station sometimes has to navigate around it.<div type="image" title="hole in Endeavor space shuttle caused by debris" height="358" width="480" msid="108147881" hostid="261" sizebytes="34636"></div>In March 2023, the ISS dodged objects twice in one month, once to avoid a collision with a satellite and then again to maneuver around debris just a few days later.Even the tiniest debris can damage the space station and endanger astronauts, though no astronaut has lost their life due to space debris (yet).<h2>The race to clean up space</h2>The consequences of space debris are very real, so much so, that the worst-case scenario has a name: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-junk-kessler-syndrome-chain-reaction-prevention-2018-3">Kessler syndrome</a>.In this scenario, a collision sets off a chain reaction, generating a catastrophic domino effect that produces so much space debris, no spacecraft can safely leave Earth for hundreds or even thousands of years.<div type="image" title="Illustration of space junk floating around Earth" height="1299" width="2309" msid="108147883" hostid="261" sizebytes="181986"></div>However, preventing collisions today can offset a possible Kessler syndrome scenario in the future. And some governments and private companies have begun to address the problem.New space-industry norms and even <a target="_blank" href="https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/topics/space-debris/compendium.html">policies</a> in some countries are prompting satellite operators to design their spacecraft to self-destruct when they die, by pushing themselves into a free fall that causes them to burn up in the atmosphere.Last year the Federal Communications Commission — the US agency that regulates most communications satellites — took its first-ever enforcement action related to space debris when it fined Dish Network $150,000 for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/dish-network-fined-first-ever-fcc-enforcement-against-space-junk-2023-10">failing to properly dispose of a retired satellite</a>.Some governments seem less concerned. Both <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-missile-shoots-down-satellite-space-debris-junk-risk-2019-3">India</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-condemns-irresponsible-russian-anti-satellite-test-threatening-space-station-2021-11">Russia</a> have tested anti-satellite missiles by destroying their own satellites in orbit, creating new clouds of debris.As for old, inoperable spacecraft that are roaming loose in orbit, like Cosmos 2221, NASA is outsourcing research and development to private companies to collect them.In September 2023, the space agency <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/transastra-wins-nasa-contract-pick-up-space-trash-with-bags-2023-9">awarded $850,000 to TransAstra</a> for their concept of "Flytrap" space debris capture bags — basically, giant high-tech trash bags that would scoop up a lot of space junk.<div type="image" title="TransAstra space debris capture tech" height="731" width="1300" msid="108147884" hostid="261" sizebytes="33344"></div>Outside of the US, other companies are coming up with their own innovative disposal solutions. The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astroscale-mission-to-clean-up-space-junk-magnets-2021-3">Japanese company Astroscale</a> designed a spacecraft with a magnetic plate that can attach to dead satellites and pull them into a free fall.But these space clean-up technologies are still in testing. The European Space Agency plans to be the first to remove a piece of debris from Earth's orbit with its Clearspace-1 mission, scheduled to launch in 2026.Meanwhile, LeoLabs hopes that its precision data on objects in orbit will help satellite operators foresee and avoid near-collisions like the one that happened Wednesday.

A dead Russian spacecraft almost collided with a NASA satellite. The crash could have sent 7,500 bits of debris rocketing around Earth.

The Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) is chalking out the crucial tasks to be done in 2022 and the steps to be taken to increase the number of satellite launches and its manufacturing, said a top official. He also said the regulator for private space sector players Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (INSPACe) having Ahmedabad as the headquarters has started hiring people for the top posts from ISRO. "ISRO is looking at the important tasks that can be done this year and the steps to be taken to increase the number of launches and also to increase satellite manufacturing," S.Somanath, Chairman ISRO and Secretary, Department of Space told IANS. According to him, the space agency will look at increasing the space missions with its rockets - Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), upcoming Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). Most of the launches get bunched in the second half of the year and ISRO is looking at expanding it. The Indian space agency has to launch OCEANSAT-3, INS-2B, ANAND- by PSLV-C53 and Micro SAT by the newly developed small rocket Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) in May. Further, the launch of four ton communication satellite GSAT-24 is also scheduled during the first quarter of this year using Ariane 5 rocket owned by Arianespace. The space agency is also looking at the government policy to increase the manufacturing of satellites. It is said the government has put ISRO on hold from manufacturing satellites without signing up the users upfront. According to Somanath, the industry feedback on the various draft policies issued for the private and public sector players has been received and the final policies will be announced. Questioned about the Space Activities Bill, he said the Bill is being drafted incorporating INSPACe as the earlier Bill was drafted before the announcement of space sector reforms and the regulator for the private players. The Space Activities Bill is being drafted incorporating INSPACe. The earlier Bill did not have INSPACe. SEE ALSO <a class="tout-title-link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/itc-paytm-zomato-among-stocks-to-watch-on-march-16/slidelist/90249211.cms">ITC, Paytm, Zomato among stocks to watch on March 16</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/india-logs-2876-new-covid-19-infections-and-98-fatalities-in-last-24-hours/articleshow/90252569.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">India logs 2,876 new COVID-19 infections and 98 fatalities in last 24 hours</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/russias-reliance-on-humanitarian-corridors-in-ukraine-comes-from-its-playbook-in-syria-experts-say/articleshow/90245670.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Russia's reliance on 'humanitarian corridors' in Ukraine comes from its playbook in Syria, experts say</a>

ISRO to chalk out plans to increase number of launches, satellite manufacturing

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA successfully launched a probe headed for an asteroid that may be worth $10 quintillion.</li><li>The outer-world body is composed of metals such as gold, nickel, and iron.</li></ul>A NASA spacecraft is en route toward an asteroid believed to be brimming with an astronomical amount of metal riches.The space agency successfully launched a probe Friday morning, carried by a SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket. It is on a nearly six-year journey, with the "Psyche" spacecraft expected to reach the Main Asteroid Belt, located between Mars and Jupiter, in 2029.Once there, it will orbit the asteroid for 26 months, studying and photographing the body to learn its history and mineral composition.The 176-mile-wide asteroid, which is called 16 Psyche, has piqued interest on Earth. The celestial body is believed to be composed of high-value commodities such as platinum, gold, nickel, and iron. Altogether, estimates have valued 16 Psyche's ore at <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/asteroid-psyche-iron-nickel-gold-nasa-10-quintillion-metals-spacex-2023-7">around $10 quintillion</a>. To be sure, NASA's aim in reaching the asteroid is for scientific observation, not commercial mining. Scientists have suggested the asteroid may be the exposed core of an ancient planet, or a primal mash-up of early minerals that came together at the start of the solar system, the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67099605" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BBC reports</a>.But excitement over 16 Psyche's mineral composition also puts focus on the blossoming commercial potential of space, with asteroid mining seen as a possible source of future revenue. Under the 2015 US Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act, private firms have a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asteroid-mining-company-earth-startups-raw-materials-cobalt-gold-platinum-2021-3?utm_medium=ingest&amp;utm_source=markets">legal right</a> to materials extracted from outer-world bodies, and startups have taken off as a result.Even the Moon may be a target, as nations such as India, the US, China, and Russia, are all eyeing its potential resources, including water and rare-earth metals. Though valuations for the Moon's commodities range widely, some have <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/moon-mining-space-race-helium-metals-india-chandrayaan-russia-luna-2023-8">topped $1 quadrillion</a>.Meanwhile, other high-value asteroids exist in the Main Asteroid Belt, which collectively could be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/asteroids-contain-metals-worth-quintillions-of-dollars-but-mining-them-wont-necessarily-make-your-richer-than-bezos-or-musk/articleshow/83989878.cms" target="_blank" rel="noopener">valued at $700 quintillion</a>. Of course, even if companies manage to mine celestial bodies successfully, a massive inflow of space-based supplies would send commodity prices on Earth plummeting.

NASA probe heads for metal-rich asteroid worth $10 quintillion after launch on SpaceX rocket

<keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords">ISRO</keyword> has targeted to <keyword id="19997100" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="launch" source="keywords">launch</keyword> the first mission of the ambitious <keyword id="19945102" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Gaganyaan" source="keywords">Gaganyaan</keyword> project by December, a top official said here on Friday. Currently, some of the rocket hardware for the human <keyword id="41531" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space" source="Orion">space</keyword> programme has reached the <keyword id="20021373" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Satish-Dhawan-Space-Centre" source="keywords">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> here and the integration of the crew module was going on at the <keyword id="20054184" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vikram-Sarabhai-Space-Centre" source="keywords">Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre</keyword>, Trivandrum, ISRO Chairman <keyword id="19929547" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="s-somanath" source="keywords">S Somanath</keyword> said. "Today, we are working on the first mission of the Gaganyaan called G1. The first unmanned mission. The status today is the rocket, the S200 stage, the L1, C32 stage are all at Satish Dhawan Space Centre," he said. He said the Crew Module integration was going on at VSSC Trivandrum while Crew Escape hardware was also ready. "So, we have to complete with full wiring and testing should be done. Our target is by November the whole system will reach here, possibly by December launch will happen," he said, responding to a query. Somanath was talking to reporters after successfully launching the third and final developmental flight of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle that placed the Earth Observation Satellite into orbit earlier in the day. The success of the third and final developmental flight would pave the way for launch of commercial missions using the smallest vehicle by ISRO's commercial arm <keyword id="20038721" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="NewSpace-India-Ltd" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="NewSpace India Ltd" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="NewSpace India Ltd">NewSpace India Ltd</keyword> (NSIL). Today's successful mission of <keyword id="21471593" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SSLV" source="keywords">SSLV</keyword> allows industry to forge a partnership with ISRO for placing satellites into Low Earth Orbit. Besides, it would also allow a company to gain knowledge on rockets, launch vehicles, and satellites in the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle missions. To a query about the requirement for industries to partner with the ISRO for taking up commercial launch of SSLV missions, Somanath said a day-long meeting was recently held with the industry. "I am hoping that the first technology transfer will happen in India between ISRO and industry. The Request for Interest (RFI) was released and as a single (entity) or as consortia, a company can show interest on the technology transfer (from ISRO) and what were the expectations from ISRO and how to qualify for such missions," he said. From the interactions held with the industry it emerged there was a huge amount of interest for them to learn about space, he added. "We told them it will be a huge challenge for anyone to learn rocketry from scratch. It is not just transferring technology, we are transferring the knowledge on how things are done (at ISRO). It is not the drawings alone, it is the knowledge behind those drawings we transfer to industry," according to Somanath, also the Secretary, Department of Space. Through the industry partnerships, ISRO would teach them on how to build a rocket, he said and added that the industry should qualify as per the criteria put forth by ISRO. The company should possess manufacturing capabilities, manufacturing facilities and financial strengths of a company would be assessed, he said. "We will add weightage and marks based on the performance of the company and based on that the companies will be shortlisted and a contract would be given to them after the companies which have to pay a technology transfer fee," he said. Some of the unique features of SSLVs are -- it provides low-cost access to Space, offers low turn-around time and flexibility in accommodating multiple satellites, 'launch on demand' feasibility and SSLV missions demand minimal launch infrastructure.

ISRO targets first Gaganyaan mission launch by December: Chairman

India successfully tested multi barrel <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/indias-first-uncrewed-space-mission-scheduled-for-launch-in-2022-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-in-advanced-stages-of-realisation/articleshow/88208205.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">rocket launcher system</a> with extended range at Pokharan range, on Saturday. Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in a statement said that successful tests of <keyword id="12717088" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pinaka-Extended-Range" source="Orion">Pinaka Extended Range</keyword> (Pinaka-ER), Area Denial Munitions (ADM) and indigenously developed fuzes have been carried out at various test ranges. The system is jointly designed by laboratories of DRDO - Armament Research &amp; Development Establishment (ARDE), Pune and High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL), Pune. The DRDO, after establishing the performance efficacy of the enhanced range Pinaka, transferred the technology of the system to the industry. The Industry Partner has manufactured enhanced Pinaka Mk-1 rockets with DRDO's hand holding during the production and Quality Assurance. <div type="twitter" handle="DRDO_India" handlename="DRDO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1168402168660910080/HJRb8f25_normal.jpg" favoritecount="3973" retweetcount="711" status="Successful tests of Pinaka Extended Range (Pinaka-ER), Area Denial Munitions (ADM) and indigensouly developed fuzes… https://t.co/qlPzSdvIUt" createdat="1639204740000" id="1469557308807995392"></div> In continuation of the Transfer of Technology absorption, rockets developed by the industry have undergone the performance evaluation and quality certification process. The hand holding during the production, quality assurance and launch coordination for bulk production is being provided by the DRDO design team and quality assurance agencies nominated for the system. The DRDO, along with the Army, conducted series of performance evaluation trials of these industry produced rockets at Field Firing Ranges in the last three days. In these trials, enhanced range Pinaka rockets were test fired at different ranges with various warhead capabilities. All the trial objectives were met satisfactorily. A total of 24 rockets were fired for different ranges and warhead capabilities to meet the objectives of accuracy and consistency. With this, the initial phase of technology absorption of Pinaka-ER by the Industry Partner has successfully been completed making the Industry Partner ready for series production of the rocket system. The Pinaka-ER is the upgraded version of earlier Pinaka version which has been in service with the Indian Army for the last decade. The system has been designed in the light of emerging requirements with advanced technologies enhancing the range. The Area Denial Munition (ADM) variants of munition designed by the ARDE, Pune for Pinaka and manufactured by the industry partners under technology transfer were successfully carried out at Pokhran Field Firing Ranges. These trials are part of performance evaluation under technology absorption. The indigenously-developed proximity fuzes for Pinaka rockets have also been tested. The ARDE, Pune has developed different fuzes for Pinaka rocket for different types of applications. After design validation trials, dynamic performance evaluation of these fuzes have been evaluated with flight testing. Consistency in performance of fuzes has been established in consecutive flight trials. These have been developed through dedicated indigenous Research and Development efforts for the first time in the country. These indigenously developed fuzes will replace the imported fuzes and save foreign exchange. The ARDE has also designed miniaturised fuzes for ADMs. Performance of dual-purpose Direct-Action Self Destruction (DASD) and Anti-Tank Munition (ATM) fuzes were evaluated during the current flight trials and the results were satisfactory. All the mission objectives were successfully in all the above trials. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/indias-first-uncrewed-space-mission-scheduled-for-launch-in-2022-chandrayaan-3-moon-mission-in-advanced-stages-of-realisation/articleshow/88208205.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">India's first unmanned space mission scheduled for launch in 2022; Chandrayaan-3 moon mission in advanced stages of realisation</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/indian-american-anil-menon-gets-selected-by-nasa-for-its-human-space-flight-programme/slidelist/88164673.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">This Indian-American just got selected by NASA for its human space flight programme</a>

India successfully tests multi barrel rocket launcher system 'Pinaka-ER' at Pokharan range

<keyword id="1334" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="china" source="Orion">China</keyword> has announced a price war on Elon Musk-run <keyword id="6360701" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="spacex" source="Orion">SpaceX</keyword>, with doubling down on reusable rockets as part of its new aerospace programme. A new aerospace launching system is under development in China that requires cutting the cargo cost per kilogram to 5 per cent to that of the existing Long March rockets, reports South China Morning Post. "The Long-Range Aerospace Transportation System, being built at the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC), the nation's largest aerospace defence contractor, can carry more than 60 tonnes of cargo to near-Earth orbit - about the same capacity as SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket," the report mentioned. The hypersonic space plane could deliver the same payload from Shanghai to an airport in San Francisco in less than an hour. According to project lead scientist <keyword id="10476941" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="song-zhengyu" source="Orion">Song Zhengyu</keyword> of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, space authorities require the plane to be reused more than 100 times and have fewer than three failures per 1,000 flights. In recent years, SpaceX has also cut its launch cost to about the same as that of the Long March rockets. China also plans to launch nearly 13,000 internet satellites to counter SpaceX's Starlink. Meanwhile, China recently carried out a successful rocket vertical landing test at sea. The technology would lay the foundation for future applications including a recyclable near-space experiment platform as well as the development of space travel, reports state-run Global Times. CAS Space, a commercial spaceflight firm that is partly owned by CAS, revealed that it successfully carried out the launching-from-land and landing-at-sea flight trial in Haiyang, East China's Shandong Province. "The rocket prototype flew at an altitude of more than 1,000 metres, descended in a smooth hovering fashion and then decelerated thanks to the engine reverse thrust," the report mentioned. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/rbi-revises-indias-fy24-growth-outlook-expects-softer-inflation-on-the-back-of-lower-commodity-prices/articleshow/99290005.cms">RBI revises India’s FY24 growth outlook, expects softer inflation on the back of lower commodity prices</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/rbis-monetary-policy-committee-keeps-repo-rate-unchanged-at-6-5/articleshow/99284354.cms">RBI’s Monetary Policy Committee keeps repo rate unchanged at 6.5%, for now</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/after-the-ides-of-march-analysts-pick-best-stocks-that-can-be-bought-on-dips/articleshow/99272438.cms">After the Ides of March, analysts pick best stocks that can be bought on dips</a>

China wages price war on Musk's SpaceX reusable rockets

<ul class="summary-list"><li>India is trying to modernize its military of 1.5 million people with lessons from Ukraine.</li><li>Until recent years, Russia supplied India with many weapons such as tanks and jets.</li></ul>As India boosts defense spending amid tensions with China and Pakistan, it is closely studying the Ukraine conflict for clues to the future of warfare and how to thwart its neighbors.Some lessons that Indian experts have already drawn: India needs lots of artillery, drones and cyberwarfare capabilities.Comparing Ukraine to India is tricky. Ukraine faces one major enemy — Russia — while India must contend with its old enemy Pakistan to the west, and an increasingly powerful China on its northwest frontier. The Russo-Ukraine war is mostly being fought over an Eastern European landscape of plains and forest, with a moderately good road network suitable for mechanized warfare. India must prepare for combat in a variety of terrain and climate conditions, including desert, jungle and some of the tallest mountains on Earth.India is also trying to modernize and standardize equipment for its armed forces, which comprise about 1.5 million personnel armed with a potpourri of equipment from several nations, as well as indigenous Indian gear. Until recent years, Russia supplied many weapons such as tanks and jets, but India is increasingly acquiring arms from Western nations, including American howitzers, French jet fighters, and Israeli drones.The Indian Army's artillery, for example, includes more than 3,000 weapons and multiple rocket launchers, including Russian, American, Swedish and South Korean designs. Indian observers believe Ukraine shows the importance of having plentiful and modern artillery. Artillery has arguably become the decisive combat arm in that war, with Russian firing <a target="_blank" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/ukrainian-army-suffers-from-artillery-shell-hunger/">10,000 shells per day</a> and advancing, while a munitions shortage has limited Ukraine to around 2,000 shells per day. This deluge of firepower has forced both armies to dig in, and turned the conflict into trench warfare."Looking at the demonstration of artillery fire in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war, two lessons are available to the Indian Army," wrote Amrita Jash, an assistant professor at the Manipal Academy of Higher Education, in a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.orfonline.org/public/uploads/upload/20240118114645.pdf">report</a> for the Observer Research Foundation, an Indian think tank. "First, that firepower can be a 'battle-winning factor,' and second, that the time between acquiring the target to shooting has drastically reduced: where it once took five to 10 minutes, it now takes only a minute or two."Indeed, India already planning to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/army-draws-lessons-from-ukraine-war-revises-its-artillery-requirements/article67315823.ece">modernize</a> its artillery arsenal, including switching to 155-mm howitzers — the standard NATO caliber — and developing longer-range shells and rockets.<div type="image" title="Ukrainian servicemen fire an artillery in the direction of Siversk, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine on April 01, 2024." height="3000" width="4500" msid="109704222" hostid="261" sizebytes="757078"></div>The air war over Ukraine has proven to be a surprise, especially given Russian superiority in numbers of aircraft and technology. Anti-aircraft missiles have deterred the air forces of both sides from venturing into enemy airspace, with Russian aircraft limited to firing stand-off missiles at Ukrainian cities rather than providing air support for its ground troops. <a target="_blank">Drones</a> have become the stars and workhorses of the air war, with both sides deploying — and losing — drones in the hundreds of thousands.There are lessons here for Indian airpower, according to Arjun Subramaniam, a retired Indian Air Force air vice marshal who helped write the ORF report. India must prepare for "gaining control of the air in limited time and space conditions in a short, high-intensity limited conflict as well as in a longer, protracted conflict." The Air Force must also ensure that its plans are synchronized with ground and naval forces. India should also continue to focus on suppressing enemy air defenses, "particularly against an adversary that is more interested in denying rather than controlling the airspace."Not surprisingly, Subramaniam wants the Indian military to increase drone development and production. But he is also concerned about the possibility of a mass drone attack on India. "Of greater importance is the need to rapidly develop counter-drone capabilities that would be essential in responding to large-scale surprise attacks and retain effective second-strike capabilities," he wrote.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.economist.com/europe/2024/03/20/the-cyberwar-in-ukraine-is-as-crucial-as-the-battle-in-the-trenches">Cyberwarfare</a> has also emerged in Ukraine as a crucial tool in everything from hacking into military computers and critical infrastructure to purveying propaganda and deepfakes in global media. ORF researcher Shimona Mohan noted "the increasing role of largely civilian organizations like big tech in conflict situations and the deepening interplay of civil-military partnerships around dual-use technologies like AI."Mohan recommends that India invest in cyberwarfare, as other nations are doing. "However, if this is not feasible for socio-political or economic reasons, it should be a priority for countries to ensure that their strategic geopolitical allies are formidable tech powers—for instance in this war, Ukraine received much support from its more tech-savvy partners like the US and private tech companies."Michael Peck is a defense writer whose work has appeared in Forbes, Defense News, Foreign Policy magazine, and other publications. He holds an MA in political science from Rutgers Univ. Follow him on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.twitter.com/@mipeck1">Twitter</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mipeck/">LinkedIn</a>.

You Searched For "india rocket" and got 10 results

From Elon Musk's giant Starship rocket to India's spectacular moon landing, 2023 was an epic year in space

Marianne Guenot

ISRO launches India's largest LVM3 rocket from Sriharikota

ANI

India's small rocket SSLV-D2 lifts off from Sriharikota with an earth observation satellite

IANS

A dead Russian spacecraft almost collided with a NASA satellite. The crash could have sent 7,500 bits of debris rocketing around Earth.

Morgan McFall-Johnsen,Ellyn L…

ISRO to chalk out plans to increase number of launches, satellite manufacturing

IANS

NASA probe heads for metal-rich asteroid worth $10 quintillion after launch on SpaceX rocket

Filip De Mott

ISRO targets first Gaganyaan mission launch by December: Chairman

PTI

India successfully tests multi barrel rocket launcher system 'Pinaka-ER' at Pokharan range

IANS

China wages price war on Musk's SpaceX reusable rockets

IANS

India is drawing lessons from Ukraine to counter China's military might

Michael Peck

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