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<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) completed its design for India’s first manned submersible to boost deep sea exploration. </li><li>Currently, only five other countries around the world have the capability to dive 6,000 meters under the sea with humans onboard. </li><li>The design is yet to be certified but India expects the submersible vehicle to be ready by 2022. </li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-wants-moon-stories-after-chandrayaan-2-launch/articleshow/70548181.cms">ISRO</a>) is already exploring the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-shares-first-discovery-from-chandrayaan-2-orbiter/articleshow/71435228.cms">depths of space</a> and now it wants to dive down into the oceans. The agency is developing a design for a crew module that can take humans upto 6,000 meters under the sea. The project is a part of India’s ₹6,500 crore Deep Ocean Mission. By 2022, India plans to join the elite list of nations that have their own underwater manned submersibles. Right now, only China, the US, Russia, France and Japan have the technology to conduct <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/12-photos-show-how-humans-explored-earths-oceans-from-the-1600s-to-now/articleshow/63835487.cms">manned deep-sea exploration</a>. 
 
 <div type="image" title="manned submerible design" msid="71887525" hostid="261"></div>





Credits:NIOT Most submersibles that go 6,000 meters deep are ROVs or <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/A-48-million-submarine-will-dive-to-the-deepest-point-in-the-ocean-where-only-3-people-have-been-before/articleshow/66416829.cms">remote operated vehicles</a>. They can be controlled using a cable that attaches to the main ship on the surface but they don’t have any humans on board. India’s submersible vehicle, on the other hand, will be able to carry three people — two scientists and one operator. "The design for the manned submersible's sphere has been successfully developed by ISRO. Now it has to be certified and then we will go ahead with the fabrication," said Madhavan Nair, from the Ministry of Earth Sciences during a press conference at the National Institute of Ocean Technology (<a href="https://www.niot.res.in/niot1/dst_intro.php">NIOT</a>). How India’s deep sea submersible works The submersible is going to be a titanium sphere with a diameter of 3.2 meters. The craft will be lowered from the main ship and can remain underwater for eight to ten hours. Once underwater, the onboard pilot or operator can steer the vehicle underwater. The base of the sphere will be a glass pane so that crew members can view the seafloor. Using a robotic arm, the crew will be able to collect samples. According to NIOT, the goal of the mission is to study <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/scientists-caught-the-deepest-fish-in-the-ocean-on-camera-over-5-miles-below-the-surface---take-a-look/articleshow/62640514.cms">rare marine life</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/these-amazing-images-from-the-bottom-of-the-sea-reveal-a-mysterious-world-scientists-are-just-starting-to-explore/amp_articleshow/50569221.cms">explore the ocean bed</a> for mineral resources, recover lost objects and repair underwater equipment. Building the manned submersible Designing the titanium crew module is a challenge. While the material is ideal to withstand high water pressure, it’s also difficult to mold. The design will take another month to get certified by an agency in Germany. After which, it will take another year to physically put it together. While ISRO is in-charge of the crew module, other agencies in India are going to be pitching in as well. NIOT, for instance, will be developing electronics and navigation for the manned submersible. The National Center for Polar and Ocean Research in Goa, Center for Marine Living Resources and Ecology in Kochi and the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services in Hyderabad are also working on the project. (With agency inputs) See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/deep-sea-explorers-discovered-creatures-at-the-bottom-of-the-ocean-feasting-on-decaying-whales/articleshow/71713400.cms">Deep-sea explorers discovered creatures at the bottom of the ocean feasting on decaying whales</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/miscellaneous/an-explorer-took-a-48-million-submarine-on-3-record-breaking-dives-to-the-deepest-corners-of-the-ocean-and-discovered-a-mysterious-new-species/slidelist/68930814.cms">An Explorer Took A $48 Million Submarine On 3 Record-Breaking Dives To The Deepest Corners Of The Ocean - And Discovered A Mysterious New Species</a>

After reaching the moon, ISRO plans to dive 6,000 meters deep into the sea by 2022

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Deep-sea expeditions are "very safe" as long as established safety protocols are followed, Ray Dalio said. </li><li>"Diving in a classed submersible is no more risky than taking a commercial flight or driving in a car," he said.</li></ul>Deep-sea exploration has come under a cloud of skepticism and uncertainty in the aftermath of the recent <a href="https://www.insider.com/oceangate-suspending-all-exploration-commercial-operations-titanic-sub-2023-7">OceanGate submersible tragedy</a>. But billionaire investor Ray Dalio, also the founder of the nonprofit ocean exploration initiative OceanX, has pushed back against the paranoia."Manned submersible diving isn't risky - it's very safe when well-established protocols, most importantly the certification process, are followed," the founder of the world's largest hedge fund, Bridgewater Associates, said in a lengthy LinkedIn post Wednesday."Over the last four decades, no sub that has gone through the certification process has experienced any form of catastrophic event even though more than 2 million dive trips in these vehicles now happen every year. Given this excellent track record, diving in a classed submersible is no more risky than taking a commercial flight or driving in a car," he added.Deep-sea exploration has come under intense public scrutiny after US-based OceanGate's <a href="https://www.insider.com/titanic-titan-sub-5-key-mistakes-lead-up-catastrophic-implosion-2023-6">Titan submersible imploded</a> less than two hours after it set out on June 18 to explore the remains of the RMS Titanic located nearly 13,000 feet underwater. <a href="https://www.insider.com/passengers-titan-submersible-dead-oceangate-titanic-2023-6">All five passengers</a>, including OceanGate CEO Stockton Rush and British billionaire Hamish Harding, were killed.Several experts have pointed out that the accident appears to have been caused by OceanGate's poor safety standards. The company had reportedly <a href="https://www.insider.com/titanic-titan-sub-5-key-mistakes-lead-up-catastrophic-implosion-2023-6">avoided industry-standard safety tests</a>, used lighter and cheaper materials to build the submersible and dismissed concerns raised by its own staff.While the tragedy has brought a lot of media attention to risks related to deepwater voyages, such expeditions are safe as long as proper safety standards are met, Dalio said.<h2>'The world's largest and most important natural resource'</h2>"But far more importantly, manned sub diving is critical for ocean discovery which is good for humanity because it provides learning about and protecting the world's largest and most important natural resource. The ocean is needlessly neglected. Less than five percent of it has been explored," he wrote.OceanX, co-founded with Dalio's son, Mark Dalio, was the first team to capture live images of a giant squid – and the first to take a submersible dive to the Antarctic seafloor."OceanX's new ship the OceanXplorer is about to head out on a series of explorations, first to Norway's fjords and the seamounts of the Azores, and then on to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean," Dalio said.Dalio founded Bridgewater in 1975, a hedge fund that went on to become the world's biggest under his leadership, with $124 billion of assets under management in 2023, according to Forbes. He recently retired from the board of directors with an estimated personal net worth of $19 billion. As author of 'Principles', a guide to his management and investment philosophy, Dalio often weighs in on financial and economic matters. Two weeks ago, he <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/ray-dalio-india-billionaire-investor-narendra-modi-elon-musk-tesla-2023-6">hailed India as the next big investing opportunity</a>, saying its economy is on the verge of a China-style transformation.He has also been a bearish voice on the stock market this year – <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/ray-dalio-us-debt-crisis-economy-recession-outlook-borrowing-ceiling-2023-6">warning the US is at the beginning of a debt crisis</a> and forecasting worse times ahead.

Billionaire investor Ray Dalio says deep-sea exploration is no riskier than driving a car if safety standards are met

<ul class="summary-list"><li>This post originally appeared in the Insider Today newsletter.</li></ul>Welcome back! Despite last summer's OceanGate tragedy, someone else wants to take a submersible to the Titanic. Meet <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/larry-connor-billionaire-titanic-wreck-submersible-oceangate-2024-6">billionaire thrill-seeker Larry Connor</a>.In today's big story, we're giving a preview of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apples-wwdc-2024-expect-ai-news-siri-updates-new-homes-screen-more-2024-6">what to expect at Apple's annual event</a>. And be sure to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-wwdc-event-live-updates-keynote-announcements-2024-6">follow along with our live blog</a>.What's on deck:<ul><li>Markets: We're close to a soft landing, but the US economy needs to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/america-economy-recession-stock-market-crash-inflation-interest-rates-2024-6">thread the needle or risk a bumpy ride</a>.</li><li>Tech: Sam Altman might be <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-personality-hire-openai-ai-chatgpt-why-2024-6">the ultimate personality hire</a>.</li><li>Business: No, Gen Z, your manager <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-work-talking-about-mental-health-anxiety-depression-hr-2024-6">is not your therapist</a>.</li></ul>But first, showtime for Apple.If this was forwarded to you, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-today">sign up here.</a><h3 id="7fa5f018-5b05-4a37-a8dc-d3f89138bcb3">The big story</h3><h2 id="5fd547b9-ec52-41fc-8e08-4f4b27dd8097">Apple's AI unveiling</h2><div type="image" title="Apple CEO Tim Cook below the Apple logo." height="4255" width="6163" msid="110879698" hostid="261" sizebytes="2467764"></div>Apple kicks off its big event today from a unique spot: behind.The Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) is Apple's annual showcase for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-events">splashy announcements about cutting-edge tech</a>.But when CEO Tim Cook takes the stage for his keynote address this afternoon, it'll be about catching up with Apple's fellow Big Tech peers. The event is expected to be Apple's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apples-wwdc-2024-expect-ai-news-siri-updates-new-homes-screen-more-2024-6">long-awaited unveiling of its AI strategy</a>, writes Business Insider's Jordan Hart.(You can <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-wwdc-event-live-updates-keynote-announcements-2024-6">follow along with our live blog here</a>. The event kicks off at 1 p.m. ET.)<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-agent-google-sundar-pichai-astra-openai-altman-amazon">Google</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-andy-jassy-ceo-letter-shareholders-ai-generative-plan-tech-2024-4">Amazon</a>, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-build-keynote-announcements-copilot-ai-bing-news-2024-5">Microsoft</a>, and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-chatgpt-audio-feature-talk-ai-2024-5">OpenAI</a> have all placed their proverbial flags in the AI ground over the past month. But Apple has remained noticeably quiet on AI, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-needs-a-big-ai-moment-at-wwdc-2024-5">much to investors' chagrin</a>.All signs point to Apple confirming the rumors of an OpenAI partnership. It wouldn't be the first time Apple announced a deal with a fellow tech company <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-iphone-dominate-internet-ai-era-openai-tim-cook-google-2024-6">that has massive implications</a>, writes BI's Hasan Chowdhury.In 2005, Apple and Google struck a deal to make the latter's search engine the default option on Apple's Safari browser. Two years later, Apple introduced the iPhone with Google as the core search tool.The rest, as they say, is history.<div type="image" title="Sam Altman and Tim Cook overlapping" height="1500" width="2000" msid="110879701" hostid="261" sizebytes="224632"></div>It's unclear if the expected Apple-OpenAI partnership will last as long as Apple's nearly two-decade relationship with Google.As beneficial as OpenAI is for Apple, it doesn't come without risks. The startup and CEO Sam Altman are, to put it mildly, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-mess-concerns-over-nda-safety-sam-altman-2024-6">in the midst of some chaos</a>.OpenAI has faced criticism over transparency and safety protocols, and people have started questioning Altman's true motivations. Apple usually tries to avoid that type of drama. Remember how <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apples-bad-ad-not-original-lg-electronics-15-years-ago-2024-5">quickly it pulled that iPad ad</a>?Further complicating matters is that OpenAI's biggest backer happens to be a key rival of Apple: Microsoft.The fellow tech giant reportedly has reservations about the Apple-OpenAI tie-up. CEO Satya Nadella met with Altman to discuss how the deal <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/satya-nadella-sam-altman-openai-apple-microsoft-worried-about-deal-2024-5">might impact his company's AI plans involving the startup</a>, The Information reported.Apple likely won't be interested in putting all its AI eggs in one basket anyway. As successful as the partnership with Google has been, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-apple-iphone-search-engine-safari-deal-20-billion-2022-2024-5">it didn't come cheap</a>. And more importantly, it led to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-antitrust-trial-big-tech-future-analysis-2024-5">plenty of regulatory attention</a> Apple would probably like to avoid this time around.<h3 id="e9f6cc86-e046-475a-b54c-f12866408278">News brief</h3><h2 id="1fcd294b-3f53-425f-9f20-4093e8623b59">Your Monday headline catchup</h2>A quick recap of the top news from over the weekend:<ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/european-union-parliament-election-far-right-nationalist-parties-2024-6">Far-right, nationalist parties gain strong support in European Parliament election</a>.</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/south-africa-universal-basic-income-anc-2024-6">South Africa could be the first-ever country to provide a no-strings-attached universal basic income</a>.</li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-enticing-tesla-shareholders-with-access-to-the-muskonomy-2024-6">Elon Musk is pitching a daring idea to Tesla shareholders: A vote for Musk is a ticket to the 'Muskonomy'</a>.</li></ul><h2 id="34410f25-657c-425e-b615-cf5bd35f3da9">3 things in markets</h2><div type="image" title="A bald eagle holding an American flag screwdriver, unscrewing a screw in a globe with a view of Europe" height="900" width="1200" msid="110879700" hostid="261" sizebytes="131222"></div><ol><li>The final stretch of a soft landing for the US won't be easy. The European Central Bank's decision to cut rates last week puts the US in a tricky spot. A delay from the Fed in cutting rates could mean foreign money floods the economy, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/america-economy-recession-stock-market-crash-inflation-interest-rates-2024-6">making the central bank's job even harder</a>.</li><li>Trying to make sense of the latest GameStop meme madness. The company has already turned its latest rally into a $1 billion windfall by selling shares. Now it could make even more <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gamestop-meme-sales-3-billion-explained-2024-6">by selling additional shares</a>, which has further jolted the stock. Meanwhile, Roaring Kitty's <a target="_blank" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/gamestop-stock-price-roaring-kitty-keith-gill-livestream-return-gme-2024-6">livestream didn't help things</a>.</li><li>Election results are serving up major stock-market surprises. It's the year of the election around the world, and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stock-market-analysis-india-narendra-modi-mexico-claudia-sheinbaum-volatility-2024-6">wins for leaders in India and Mexico</a> sent their respective country's stocks tumbling. Meanwhile, European stocks opened lower today after <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/european-union-parliament-election-far-right-nationalist-parties-2024-6">far-right, nationalist parties saw major wins</a>.</li></ol><h2 id="f4b54806-7f81-450c-ba32-92560d4fae9b">3 things in tech</h2><div type="image" title="sam with gold megaphone" height="900" width="1800" msid="110879707" hostid="261" sizebytes="131500"></div><ol><li>Introducing the ultimate personality hire: Sam Altman. "Personality hires" contribute to a company with their soft skills, and arguably make for a healthy workplace. In AI, we can stretch that definition to include people who are really good at hyping up the product — and right now, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sam-altman-personality-hire-openai-ai-chatgpt-why-2024-6">Altman is AI's greatest hype man</a>.</li><li>Advertisers don't want to use Grok. X employees have been pushing advertisers to use Grok, the platform's sarcastic, not "woke" AI chatbot. The problem? <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/x-wants-advertisers-to-use-grok-they-are-not-interested-2024-6">Advertisers really aren't interested</a>.</li><li>Nvidia's key supplier seems to want in on its hype. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nvidia-ai-3-trillion-club-apple-microsoft-jensen-huang-2024-6">Nvidia's market value</a> hit $3 trillion last week after another blowout earnings report. Now, its main chip supplier, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nvidia-taiwan-tsmc-ai-chip-price-hike-value-jensen-huang-2024-6">hinting at raising prices</a>.</li></ol><h2 id="9260fa45-d397-4b3c-b4f8-4bb193976216">3 things in business</h2><div type="image" title="My credit card is tempting me to commit fraud." height="1000" width="2000" msid="110879704" hostid="261" sizebytes="437574"></div><ol><li>"Friendly" fraud is on the rise. Credit cards offer the ability to dispute a transaction to get a refund. But some customers, accidentally or intentionally, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/credit-card-disputes-friendly-fraud-perks-chargebacks-purchases-reviews-2024-6">are abusing the perk</a>. They're claiming legitimate transactions were fraudulent — and, in the process, they're engaging in first-party fraud themselves.</li><li>Your manager is not your therapist. Gen Z is more open to talking about their mental health, sometimes doing so at the office. And while destigmatizing mental illness is important, a workplace overly focused on mental health <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-work-talking-about-mental-health-anxiety-depression-hr-2024-6">isn't always a recipe for better mental-health outcomes</a>.</li><li>Amazon withdrew from huge investment in the eleventh hour. Amazon made a last-minute decision to not invest in Figure, an AI-robots startup, earlier this year, two investors told BI. A funding round <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-pulled-out-figure-ai-startup-funding-round-2024-6">valued the startup at $2.6 billion</a>, and sources said Amazon committed to $50 million at one point.</li></ol><h2 id="1ad7b482-3f4b-44b4-81b6-a864aa386478">In other news</h2><ul><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uber-eats-stops-new-york-deliveries-by-foot-pay-law-2024-6">Your Uber Eats orders may be more likely to get stuck in NYC traffic now</a>.</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/35-million-dollar-connecticut-island-listed-top-hedge-funder-2024-6">See the private island outside NYC that a hedge fund exec is listing for $35 million</a>.</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-restaurants-in-the-world-ranked-2024-6">The 20 best restaurants in the world, ranked</a>.</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sports-illustrated-authentic-brands-lawsuit-200-million-2024-6">Sports Illustrated's ex-publisher wants $200 million from Authentic Brands Group, saying it stole website and employees</a>.</li><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-got-500k-new-millionaires-last-year-ai-market-rebound-2024-6">An AI boom and market rebound helped create 500,000 new millionaires in the US last year</a>.</li></ul><h2 id="9f5d80ac-3466-429f-a50a-2ffbb70c65ff">What's happening today</h2><ul><li>Apple's Annual Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) kicks off.</li></ul>The Insider Today team: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/dan-defrancesco">Dan DeFrancesco</a>, deputy editor and anchor, in New York. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/jordan-parker-erb">Jordan Parker Erb</a>, editor, in New York. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/hallam-bullock">Hallam Bullock</a>, senior editor, in London. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/george-glover">George Glover</a>, reporter, in London. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/annie-smith">Annie Smith</a>, associate producer, in London.

It's showtime for Apple, and we're expecting news on its AI plans and a big partnership

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Mexico's Attorney General's Office/HandoutMexico's top drug lord, Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzmán, dressed in tan jacket and pants, is escorted by police officers in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, as he is extradited to New York, January 19, 2017.</div></div></div>Sinaloa cartel chief Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán was bustled into the hands of US authorities in Ciudad Juarez early on Thursday evening, and before the end of the night he was on the ground in Long Island, being hustled to a detention center in New York City."As he deplaned, the most notorious criminal of modern times, as you looked into his eyes you could see the surprise, you could see the shock, and to a certain extent you could see the fear," <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/20/el-chapo-joaquin-guzman-new-york-indictment?CMP=share_btn_tw" target="_blank">said</a> Homeland Security Special Agent In Charge Angel Melendez.Guzmán appeared in a US federal court in Brooklyn on Friday, where the litany of charges filed against him by US prosecutors were made known to him - apparently for the first time.After US Magistrate Judge James Orenstein asked if he understood the accusations against him, Guzmán responded through a Spanish interpreter, "Well, I didn't know until now."<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Christine CornellJoaquin "El Chapo" Guzmán, right, and <keyword id="6354810" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Defense">defense</keyword> attorneys Michael Schneider, center right, and Michelle Gelernt, center left, shown in a court sketch in Brooklyn, New York City, January 20, 2017.</div></div></div>Later, when asked again, Guzmán said he understood. The Mexican cartel chief ultimately pleaded not guilty, and an additional hearing is slated for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-pleads-not-guilty-to-charges-he-ran-the-worlds-largest-drug-trafficking-ring-2017-1" target="_blank">February 3</a>.The Eastern District of New York, based in Brooklyn, has filed <a href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/joaquin-el-chapo-guzman-loera-faces-charges-new-york-leading-continuing-criminal-enterprise" target="_blank">a 17-count indictment</a> against Guzmán, carrying a mandatory minimum sentence of life in prison."Who is Chapo Guzman? In short, he's a man known for no other life but a life of crime, violence, death and destruction, and now he'll have to answer to that," US Attorney for the Eastern District Robert Capers <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-pleads-not-guilty-to-charges-he-ran-the-worlds-largest-drug-trafficking-ring-2017-1" target="_blank">said</a>. "Guzmán's story is not one of a do-gooder, or a Robin Hood, or an escape artist," Capers <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/20/el-chapo-joaquin-guzman-new-york-indictment?CMP=share_btn_tw" target="_blank">added</a>. Rather, "Guzmán's rise was akin to that of a small cancerous tumor that metastasized into a full-blown scourge."Guzmán's lawyers have <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-pleads-not-guilty-to-charges-he-ran-the-worlds-largest-drug-trafficking-ring-2017-1" target="_blank">promised</a> a zealous defense and said they would look into whether Guzmán was extradited appropriately."I haven't seen any evidence that indicates to me that Mr. Guzman's done anything wrong. Most of you probably haven't seen any evidence like that either," federal public defender Michael Schneider <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-pleads-not-guilty-to-charges-he-ran-the-worlds-largest-drug-trafficking-ring-2017-1" target="_blank">said</a> outside the courthouse.Prior to the heading, US prosecutors filed <a href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/929896/download" target="_blank">a 56-page memo</a> arguing that Guzmán should be denied release while his trial is pending. The document also outlines some of the evidence US authorities will bring to bear during the case.Here's the case the US government says it has against "El Chapo" Guzmán.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">ReutersMexico's top drug lord Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman is escorted as he arrives at Long Island MacArthur airport in New York, U.S., January 19, 2017, after his extradition from Mexico.</div></div></div>According to the filing, Guzmán <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-history-of-el-chapo-guzman-sinaloa-cartel-chief-drug-lord-2017-1" target="_blank">emerged on the scene in the 1980s and 1990s</a>, when Colombian traffickers still controlled production in their country and most of the distribution in the US."Guzman quickly set himself apart from other Mexican transporters with his efficiency in transporting the drugs into the United States, including to California, Arizona and Texas, and returning the drug proceeds to the Colombians in record time," the memo states.As <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/inside-mexican-drug-cartel-narco-tunnels-on-the-us-border-2016-4" target="_blank">documented elsewhere</a>, "This effectiveness earned him the nickname 'El Rapido.'"Guzmán and his partners in the Sinaloa cartel gained power during the late 1980s and 1990s, though he was <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-history-of-el-chapo-guzman-sinaloa-cartel-chief-drug-lord-2017-1" target="_blank">eventually detained in Guatemala in 1993</a> after a series of high-profile clashes with rivals in Mexico. He was jailed at Puente Grande prison in southwest Mexico, though he maintained connections with his business partners during this time.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Google Maps/Amanda Macias/Business InsiderPuente Grande prison, from which Guzmán escaped in 2001, and Altiplano prison, from which he escaped in 2015, have similar layouts.</div></div></div>In 2001, with the help of bribed Mexican officials, he escaped from prison, returning to his home turf. "To thwart <keyword id="6355470" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Law">law</keyword> enforcement efforts to recapture him, he created an army of hundreds of heavily-armed body guards and fortified his hideaways with military-grade weapons," the memo says. "Guzman also established a complex communications network to allow him to speak covertly with his growing empire without law enforcement detection," it adds. "This included the use of encrypted networks, multiple insulating layers of go-betweens and ever-changing methods of communicating with his workers."<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.stratfor.com/interactive/areas-cartel-influence-mexico">Courtesy of Stratfor</a>A look at Sinaloa state-based criminal groups' operations in Mexico.</div></div></div>During this period, Guzmán and the Sinaloa cartel were able to expand their operations in Mexico and abroad, typically through bloodshed. This expansion included ports on Mexico's Atlantic and Pacific coasts, as well as cities on the US-Mexico and Mexico-Guatemala borders."Guzman and members of the Sinaloa Cartel infiltrated other Central American countries, including Honduras, El Salvador, Costa Rica and Panama," the filing states. Sinaloa cartel personnel in these areas moved drug shipments through ground methods like tractor-trailers, but also through <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-guzman-mexico-drug-trafficking-airplanes-2016-5" target="_blank">air transport via clandestine landing strips</a> and, eventually, in rudimentary <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/us-coast-guard-seize-narco-submarine-cocaine-pacific-ocean-2016-10" target="_blank">semi-submersible vessels</a> that could carry up to six tons of cocaine.The Sinaloa cartel's reach didn't stop in Central America, however. According to US prosecutors:<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.gob.mx/semar/prensa/la-armada-de-mexico-informa-sobre-la-localizacion-de-un-laboratorio-clandestino-para-la-produccion-de-drogas-sinteticas-en-sinaloa-53588?idiom=es">Mexican Naval Secretariat</a>Mexican authorities examine materials found in a suspected drug lab in Sinaloa state.</div></div></div>In the 2000s, the growth of methamphetamines led Guzmán to establish "sources of supply for the precursor chemicals for the production of methamphetamine in Africa and Asia, including in China and India."Guzmán's home turf in Sinaloa state has reportedly become <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/sythetic-drug-meth-production-el-chapo-guzman-home-turf-2016-10" target="_blank">a hotbed for synthetic-drug production</a>.According to US prosecutors, Guzmán bolstered and protected this supply and distribution network through violence and graft.Guzmán also sent these sicarios against rival cartels, particularly the Gulf and Los Zetas cartels, as well as the Juarez cartel in Ciudad Juarez, which is not only <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/violence-in-ciudad-juarez-rising-says-cartel-hitman-enforcer-2016-11" target="_blank">a major drug-transshipment point</a> but also served as <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-moved-el-chapo-guzman-because-of-blackout-2016-5" target="_blank">Guzmán's home for the months prior</a> to his extradition.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Alejandro BringasPolice work at a crime scene where seven bodies were found in Ciudad Juarez, northern Mexico, November 25, 2008. The bodies of seven men with signs of torture and bullet wounds were found along side three banners threatening rival gangs, according to local media.</div></div></div>"These sicarios kidnapped and tortured their victims often prior to brutally murdering them and subsequently boasted of their exploits through gruesome videos that they posted on the internet," US prosecutors state in their pretrial filing.According to the US federal government, a number of cooperating witnesses, including Colombian cartel leaders, will testify "to prove Guzman's power, corruption and violence within the Sinaloa Cartel," as well as to the "astonishing illegal profits" reaped by Guzmán from his involvement in the drug trade.Some of the US government's purported physical evidence against Guzmán includes "recovered drug ledgers from Colombian cartel bosses and suppliers, which detail the financial agreements between Guzman and the suppliers for various drug shipments."<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">DEA 2015 NDTAA map of suspected areas of influence for Mexico's drug cartels.</div></div></div>Guzmán has been <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/court-documents-show-ties-between-el-chapo-guzmn-and-colombian-cocaine" target="_blank">linked to high-profile Colombian traffickers</a> - some with ties to Pablo Escobar and former President Alvaro Uribe - in the past.Other witnesses will testify to the Sinaloa cartel's various drug-transportation methods, from tanker trucks to planes to tunnels, and to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/san-diego-record-cash-seizure-and-drug-cartel-money-laundering-2016-8" target="_blank">methods used to smuggle cash from drug sales</a> back into Mexico."One former member of local law enforcement in Juarez, Mexico, is expected to testify to being paid hundreds of dollars per month to release from custody Sinaloa Cartel members who were arrested, remove road blocks from routes over which trucks containing drug shipments were traveling and provide armed escorts for the drug-laden trucks that were passing through their area," the memo states.Other witnesses "will detail specific murders carried out under Guzman's orders, including that of Sinaloa Cartel members, members of rival cartels and also government and law enforcement officials."<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Jose Luis GonzalezA member of the "Psalm 100" evangelic church dressed as an angel holds a placard outside of the Cefereso No. 9 prison, where Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman was held in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, September 24, 2016. The placard reads "Chapo Guzman, your Mother cries out for your soul."</div></div></div>Several witnesses is to testify to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-history-of-el-chapo-guzman-sinaloa-cartel-chief-drug-lord-2017-1" target="_blank">the specific wars fought by the Sinaloa cartel</a> against the Arellano Felix Organization, Gulf cartel, Los Zetas cartel, the Juarez cartel, and the Beltran Leyva Organization.One witnesses is expected to describe a house specifically outfitted for killing victims used during the fight with the Juarez cartel. "The house had plastic sheets over the walls to catch spouting blood and a drain in the floor to facilitate the draining of blood," the memo says.The US government also intends to produce evidence related to weapons seizures, including "evidence of a seizure in El Paso, Texas, of a gun shipment tied to Guzman, which contained numerous AK-47s and .50mm long rifles.""Guzman has known no other life than a life of crime and violence," the pretrial memo concludes. "Driven by insatiable power and greed, Guzman's personal history and characteristics demand detention to prevent him from being a danger to the community."<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">Reuters/Joe PenneyDistrict Attorney Robert Capers arrives at a press conference regarding the extradition and arraignment of Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzmán in New York, January 20, 2017.</div></div></div>US prosecutors say they have more than 40 witnesses ready to testify against Guzmán in a trial likely to last "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-pleads-not-guilty-to-charges-he-ran-the-worlds-largest-drug-trafficking-ring-2017-1" target="_blank">many</a>" weeks.Until that trial is concluded, Guzmán will remain locked up in a federal jail in New York City.US officials have declined for security reasons to state where exactly he's being held, and they appear confident there will be no repeat of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-history-of-el-chapo-guzman-sinaloa-cartel-chief-drug-lord-2017-1" target="_blank">the escapes</a> for which Guzmán has become known."I assure you, no tunnel will be built leading to his bathroom," Special Agent In Charge Melendez <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/el-chapo-pleads-not-guilty-to-charges-he-ran-the-worlds-largest-drug-trafficking-ring-2017-1" target="_blank">said</a> after the hearing."What occurred in other countries will not occur here," <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/20/el-chapo-joaquin-guzman-new-york-indictment?CMP=share_btn_tw" target="_blank">added</a> Capers. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-drug-lord-sinaloa-cartel-joaquin-el-chapo-guzman-extradited-united-states-2017-1">Here's footage of 'El Chapo' arriving to the US</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="14N2QyOTE6E4KRXZfdnnmBcJ_bInBqwt" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

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