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<ul><li>The <keyword id="401917" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="India-China-border">India China border</keyword> row escalated with the news of soldiers being killed on both sides on June 15. </li><li>The two countries have overlapping lines claiming their territory in the Aksai Chin sector. </li><li>This week we bring you the books that help decode the relations between India and China — from border dispute to cultural exchanges and business ties. </li></ul>The India China border row escalated with the news of soldiers being killed on both sides on June 15⁠ ⁠— despite assurances of de-escalation from both sides⁠— in the Galwan Valley in Ladakh, near the Line of Actual Control. India inherited the disputed border with China during British colonial rule. The two countries have overlapping lines claiming their territory in the Aksai Chin sector, which is largely an uninhabitable region. Every week, Business Insider collates interesting books to read, giving an outlook on career and professional growth, setbacks and opportunities. However, this week we bring you the books that help decode the relations between India and China — from border dispute to cultural exchanges and business ties. Here are some of those books. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/India-China-Relations-Border-Issues/dp/8130911957">India China Relations: The Border Issues and Beyond</a> Written by Mohan Guruswamy and Zorawar Singh Daulet, the book outlines the Indian China border dispute from a ‘conflict resolution’ perspective. It entails the details about the areas of Himalayas that separate north-east India from Tibet. In the 1950s, China said that it would occupy Tibet but India refused to acknowledge that and sent a letter negotiating the matter. The former Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru then wrote a memorandum on revision of the maps of India — to show defined boundaries. Later, India agreed on China taking over Tibet. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/China-nepal-india-Triangle-Dark-Indo-nepal-Relations/dp/1984528904/ref=sr_1_8?dchild=1&amp;qid=1592549959&amp;refinements=p_28%3AIndia-China+Relations&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-8">China-Nepal-India Triangle: The Dark Side of Indo-Nepal Relations </a> Written by Shiva Hari Dahal, China-Nepal-India Triangle talks about the less explored side of the India-Nepal relations. That includes the triangular region between China, India and Nepal. The book analyses the history of these nations through the lens of colonialism, dependency, democratic peace, and governmentalism. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/China-India-Relations-Geo-political-Competition-Understanding/dp/3030444244/ref=sr_1_5?dchild=1&amp;qid=1592549959&amp;refinements=p_28%3AIndia-China+Relations&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-5">China-India Relations: Geo-political Competition, Economic Cooperation, Cultural Exchange and Business Ties</a> This book is written by Young Chan Kim and focuses on the relations between India and China with regard to the present business ties and competition. It also talks about the geo-political factors, such as religion that play a major role in shaping bilateral relations. It compares the networks of the two countries beyond just the border dispute. <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Fateful-Triangle-Shaped-U-S-India-Relations-ebook/dp/B07N8DRSQC/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&amp;qid=1592549959&amp;refinements=p_28%3AIndia-China+Relations&amp;s=books&amp;sr=1-1">Fateful Triangle: How China Shaped US-India Relations During the Cold War</a> Written by Tanvi Madan, this book narrates how China shaped the India -US relations during the cold war. The US developed a separate relationship with the two Asian countries — India and China. The author argues the historical perspective of China’s influence globally and India US relations and their diplomatic history. <a href="https://www.amazon.in/India-China-Relations-Future-Perspectives/dp/9381411158">India China Relations: Future Perspectives</a> Authored by BR Deepak and DP Tripathi, the book outlines the history of cultural and material exchanges between India and China during the 20th century. In 1988, Rajiv Gandhi’s China visit led to the diplomatic relations between the two nations. The book is a collection of 18 researches by Indian and Chinese scholars and diplomats talking about the ‘multi-layered’ relationship with regard to 1950s ‘hindi cheeni bhai bhai’, the border dispute, defense and economic ties etc.

Here are the five books that will help you decode the India China relations — beyond just the border dispute

India has changed the Rules of Engagement (RoE) across the Line of Actual Control (LAC) after a barbaric attack was carried out by the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) troops on Indian soldiers in Galwan Valley in eastern Ladakh, killing 20 Indian soldiers. In the violent clash that took place on the night of June 15, China took 10 <keyword id="6354416" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Army">Indian Army</keyword> men, including officers, into custody and released them after three days. Sources said that Indian soldiers did not use weapons when the PLA troops attacked them. They were not allowed to do so as per the orders from their seniors and the confidence building measures pacts with China. As per the new Rules of Engagement, commanders deployed at LAC can give soldiers "complete freedom of action" to handle situations at the tactical level. The commanders can now use firearms and have full authority to respond to extraordinary situations using all resources at their disposal. Earlier, these were not part of the Rules of Engagements across the LAC. In a statement issued during an all-party meet on Friday, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had said that India would respond firmly to any attempt to transgress the LAC. "In fact, he specifically emphasised that in contrast to the past neglect of such challenges, Indian forces now decisively counter any violation of LAC (‘unhe rokte hain, unhe tokte hain')," a statement issued by the PMO stated. The words of Prime Minister -- "those who tried to transgress our land were taught a befitting lesson by our brave sons of soil" -- succinctly summed up the ethos and the values of the armed forces. Modi further emphasised, "I want to assure you that our armed forces will leave no stone unturned to protect our borders." Many people questioned why soldiers did not use firearms or why they went unarmed. To this, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said that Indian Army troops, who were attacked and suffered fatal casualties on Monday night, were carrying weapons, however, they did not fire. He said, "All troops on border duty always carry arms, especially when leaving the post. Those in Galwan on June 15 did so. Long-standing practice (as per 1996 an2005 agreements) not to use firearms during faceoffs." Sources said Indian Army troopers were outnumbered by 1:5 ratio when they came under attack from the PLA soldiers at patrolling point 14 in along the LAC in eastern Ladakh. PLA troopers "savagely attacked" Indian Army personnel, according to sources in the government with knowledge of the details of the June 15 clash. "The numbers were stacked up against the Indian Army troopers. Yet, the Indian side decided to fight the PLA troopers. The Indian soldiers were outnumbered 1:5 by the Chinese troopers," the sources said. China is also said to have used thermal imaging drones to trace the Indian Army soldiers scattered on the treacherous terrain before brutally attacking them. "It was the deadliest attack carried on Indian Army personnel by the Chinese military personnel in our memory," the government sources said. "We were outnumbered," admitted an Indian Army officer, talking about the clash that reportedly went on for six to seven hours. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/indian-army-on-india-china-war-in-galwan-valley-soldiers-killed/articleshow/76402297.cms">‘Serious clashes’ between India and China⁠ in Galwan Valley — India says 'Chinese troops had planned this escalation'</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/india-hits-back-at-china-over-galwan-valley-claims/articleshow/76483301.cms">India’s hits back at China over Galwan Valley claim calling it 'exaggerated and untenable'</a>

Government allows soldiers to use firearms across LAC in extraordinary situations

As anti-China sentiments grow in India after the ban on 59 apps and a public boycott of Chinese-made goods, <keyword id="10591" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Samsung">Samsung</keyword> Electronics is expected to increase its presence in the Indian smartphone market, industry analysts have said. The fluid market situation offers new opportunities for various smartphone makers, especially the non-Chinese ones, to realign their strategies and regain the lost market share in the face of fierce Chinese competition. 'Shipments of consumer goods that are against public sentiment will face difficulties. As Chinese smartphone makers are expected to suffer sales decline in India, Samsung is expected to take advantage of it,' Yonhap news agency quoted Lee Chang-min, an analyst at KB Securities, as saying. According to market tracker Counterpoint Research, four of the top five smartphone brands in the Indian smartphone market were from China in the first quarter of the year, with Samsung being the only non-Chinese company. Xiaomi led the way with 30 per cent, followed by its Chinese compatriot Vivo with 17 per cent. Realme and Oppo were ranked fourth and fifth in the Indian smartphone market with a share of 14 percent and 12 percent, respectively. Samsung came in third on the list with a 16 per cent market share, Counterpoint Research data showed. Analysts said the upbeat performance in India could push up Samsung's overall mobile business. 'For Samsung, India is a market that the company cannot give up,' said Roh Kyoung-tak, an analyst at Eugene Investment &amp; Securities. 'Samsung's long-term business strategy must have a plan for the Indian market'. In the first quarter (January-March) this year, Samsung's shipments were driven by its upgraded A and M series (A51, A20s, A30s, and M30s). According to Counterpoint Research, Samsung managed to hold third position in Q1 2020 due to launches across several price tiers, especially in the affordable premium segment (S10 Lite, Note 10 Lite). Tarun Pathak, Associate Director, Counterpoint Research, said that consumer sentiments are running high and a section of users will look for alternatives, benefitting global and Indian brands. The industry watchers said the second-quarter performance of Samsung's mobile business unit may not be worse than expected due to the economic reopening of major markets from end-May, though an earnings decline appears inevitable. Samsung will release the Galaxy Note 20 series and the Galaxy Fold 2 foldable smartphone next month to drive its handset sales in the second half of the year. According to Prabhu Ram, Head-Industry Intelligence Group, CyberMedia Research (CMR), for players like Samsung to succeed, they would need to build meaningful value propositions for consumers, both in terms of specs and pricing. 'Affordability will continue to be a major theme this year and brands will need to dovetail their offerings accordingly,' Ram told IANS.

Anti-China sentiment will help Samsung boost sales in India, say analysts

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A hand-to-hand skirmish high in the Himalayas this month was the deadliest border clash between <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> and <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> in decades.</li><li>The two sides are working to ease tensions, but the showdown still has the potential to spark a broader war between two of the world's largest and well-equipped militaries — here's how those two forces stack up.</li></ul>A medieval-style brawl between Chinese and Indian soldiers on their border in <keyword id="26604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="ladakh">Ladakh</keyword> this month turned a usually bloodless dispute into a potential cause for war between the world's two most populous countries.The brawl lasted six hours and killed 20 Indian soldiers. Chinese officials have not said how many of their soldiers were killed or wounded but have <a href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2020/jun/22/china-finally-admits-it-lost-less-than-20-soldiers-in-clash-with-india-2159915.html?fbclid=IwAR0pxiHVF-AmAV6iaEW9FKvYDeTejMoMMoSvrvLBvosmhH5R2sFX4svchig">admitted</a> to losing "less than 20" troops after India reportedly handed over 16 bodies.The clash is the biggest development in a standoff that began in early May and was the first time <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/forgotten-in-fog-of-war-the-last-firing-on-the-india-china-border/article31827344.ece">since 1975</a> that the two nuclear-armed nations shed blood over their decades-long <keyword id="6417196" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="border-dispute">border dispute</keyword>.Both sides are <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-china/indian-and-chinese-military-agree-to-disengage-on-disputed-himalayan-border-idUSKBN23U115" target="_blank" rel="noopener">working to ease tensions</a> in the region, but the days since, both have deployed hundreds of thousands of soldiers. India and China have also <a href="https://www.opindia.com/2020/06/while-china-builds-new-fortifications-india-moves-its-jets-and-helicopters-to-forward-bases-along-lac-report/">moved</a> advanced air assets to forward operating bases in the region and begun building new fortifications.<h2>The world's 2 biggest militaries</h2><div type="image" title="Indian army soldiers" height="982" width="1500" msid="76580460" hostid="261"></div>China and India today are giants.The two countries together <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/19/health/india-china-world-population-intl-hnk/index.html#:~:text=China%2520and%2520India%2520currently%2520account,and%2520India%2520to%25201.3%2520billion.&amp;text=That%2520would%2520put%2520China's%2520population,1.5%2520billion%2520forecast%2520for%2520India.dia.">account</a> for about 37% of the world's population and are the second- and fifth-largest <a href="https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/the-5-largest-economies-in-the-world-and-their-growth-in-2020-2020-01-22">economies</a>, respectively. They are also the second- and third-largest <a href="https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2020/global-military-expenditure-sees-largest-annual-increase-decade-says-sipri-reaching-1917-billion">spenders</a> on defense and are <a href="https://www.globalfirepower.com/countries-listing.asp">ranked</a> fourth and fifth on the Global Firepower Index, which ranks potential military strength.China and India also have the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/militaries-most-active-duty-soldiers-troops-2018-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">two largest active-duty armies</a>, China with about 2.1 million active servicemen and India with roughly 1.4 million.<h2>China has a technological advantage</h2><div type="image" title="China army base Himalayas" height="1729" width="2500" msid="76580464" hostid="261"></div>On the whole, China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) is widely seen as more technologically advanced than India's military.In China's arsenal are stealth fighters, a larger number of nuclear submarines, more military <a href="https://ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database">satellites</a>, and a wider array of modern vehicles and small arms.Some of those weapon systems were built with places like the Himalayas in mind, such as the <a href="https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/type-15-meet-tank-china-could-use-fight-india%25E2%2580%2594or-launch-amphibious-invasion-119781">Type 15</a> light tank and a new 155 mm vehicle-mounted howitzer; both were <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5EueZdJW_DM">recently featured</a> in televised drills in Tibet.<div type="image" title="China Chinese troops soldiers Tibet training" height="1809" width="2500" msid="76580474" hostid="261"></div>This technology gap "owes primarily to the fact that the Chinese have invested more resources into modernizing their military for a long time at a sustained and high level," Timothy Heath, a senior international and defense researcher at the Rand Corporation, told Insider.The PLA has gone through a massive modernization and restructuring effort since the 1990s, which has been one of the biggest priorities for its leaders, <a href="https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/stratperspective/china/ChinaPerspectives-10.pdf/">especially</a> President Xi Jinping.China has also shifted from buying advanced equipment from foreign suppliers to being able to produce its own domestic designs.<div type="image" title="India border soldier troops Himalayas" height="1667" width="2500" msid="76580482" hostid="261"></div>Conversely, India has had to rely on foreign suppliers for advanced equipment, and its domestic industries have not been able to produce the type of equipment in the numbers needed to rival China.Until recently, India had not been able to invest the amount of money in defense that countries like China, Russia, and the US do because of its smaller economy. India also needs to send resources to address more immediate threats."Part of the issue with India is that their security problem is much more fragmented," Heath said, noting India's long-time fight with insurgents and the constant challenge from Pakistan.<h2>The technology gap is smaller the Himalayas</h2><div type="image" title="Indian fighter jet Himalayas Ladakh" height="1667" width="2500" msid="76580492" hostid="261"></div>But none of this means that the <a href="https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/2020-03/india-china-postures/China%2520India%2520Postures.pdf">outcome is preordained</a>. While the PLA has more advanced equipment, most of its best assets and units are focused in eastern and southern China, poised to face off against the US, Japan, or Taiwan.A war with India would be fought largely in the tough, mountainous terrain of the Himalayas, landscape that is radically different from what most of the PLA is trained to deal with. Moreover, India's military is a <a href="https://www.cnas.org/publications/reports/imbalance-of-power">capable and well-equipped force</a>.In particular, the Indian Air Force's (IAF) Su-30MKI all-weather multirole air-superiority fighter is regarded as superior to the Chinese J-8, J-11, and Su-27 fighters stationed in the region.<div type="image" title="India Chinook helicopter Himalayas Ladakh" height="1666" width="2500" msid="76580501" hostid="261"></div>The IAF also has a number of US-made Apache attack helicopters and Chinook heavy-lift helicopters already deployed, and unlike the Chinese pilots, they have more dedicated experience flying in the region's <a href="https://www.drivespark.com/off-beat/why-planes-dont-fly-over-himayalas-tibet/articlecontent-pf84128-025108.html">very difficult conditions</a>.Further, India has more advanced air assets already in the region and closer to potential conflict zones, whereas China's air bases are fewer and further inland.India is also expecting its order of S-400 air-defense systems from Russia this fall. This will free up more IAF aircraft for ground-attack roles.<h2>India's army is modernizing</h2><div type="image" title="India Brahmos cruise missile" height="920" width="1400" msid="76580514" hostid="261"></div>India's army is going through a modernization process. It's <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkxWgZZlHeU">replacing</a> its domestically made INSAS rifle and AK-47s with the modern AK-203 and SIG 716 assault rifles. It is also replacing the World War II-era Sterling submachine gun with Caracal CAR 816s and for the first time introducing dedicated sniper rifles like the Barret M95 and Scorpio TGT.In February, the army <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/india-us-sign-contract-for-additional-apache-attack-choppers/articleshow/74299279.cms">signed</a> a contract for six US-made Apache helicopter gunships and is expected to soon order a number of Indian-made HAL light combat helicopters, which are designed to operate in the Himalayas.When it comes to armor, India's T-90 and T-72 tanks should also be worthy adversaries to China's Type 99 and Type 96 tanks.India also has the Brahmos ram-jet supersonic cruise missile. Developed in a joint venture between India and Russia, it is capable of reaching Mach 3, making it one of the fastest missiles in the world. It can be launched from ground and naval launchers and was recently <a href="https://swarajyamag.com/insta/amid-mounting-tensions-with-china-iafs-brahmos-a-supersonic-cruise-missile-is-now-ready-for-combat-use">approved</a> for use by the Indian Air Force.<h2>Experience is a factor</h2><div type="image" title="Indian soldiers troops Himalayas Ladakh" height="1666" width="2500" msid="76580525" hostid="261"></div>The Indian army also has an edge in experience. India has fought numerous wars with Pakistan, most recently the Kargil War in 1999. It has also fought decades-long insurgencies in Jammu and Kashmir and was involved in the Sri Lankan Civil War.One Chinese analyst <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-has-largest-most-experienced-mountain-army-in-the-world-says-chinese-military-expert/story-4eR8hDrrshV7j59OHvfIYO.html">acknowledged</a> that India is "the world's largest and experienced country with plateau and mountain troops."Conversely, China has not fought a major war with anyone since its brief war with Vietnam in 1979 and has used <a href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/what-motivates-chinese-peacekeeping">UN peacekeeping missions</a> as a way for its troops to gain experience.<div type="image" title="China Chinese troops soldiers Tibet training" height="1833" width="2500" msid="76580537" hostid="261"></div>However, as Heath <a href="https://www.rand.org/blog/2018/11/chinas-military-has-no-combat-experience-does-it-matter.html">points out</a>, "combat experience does not automatically translate into military advantage."In particular, the Chinese "are in a better position to concentrate and mass force than the Indians," Heath says. "It doesn't matter how good and experienced your troops are if you're outnumbered 10 to one."Moreover, China's ability to move forces means it may be able to quickly redeploy some of its best equipment and assets, like stealth fighters and ballistic-missile systems.<h2>A naval confrontation</h2><div type="image" title="Chinese China navy submarine" height="920" width="1400" msid="76580546" hostid="261"></div>While China and India don't share a maritime border, they both have vested interests in the Indian Ocean, particularly in the Strait of Malacca, the shipping channel that connects the Indian and Pacific oceans.The vast majority of China's oil imports flow through that strait, as does a large percentage of global trade.China is <a href="https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2019/08/26/the-malacca-dilemma-a-hindrance-to-chinese-ambitions-in-the-21st-century/">keenly aware</a> of its importance and is determined strengthen its presence in the Indian Ocean. China has established <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-troops-to-overseas-base-operational-security-concerns-for-us-2017-7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a naval base in Djibouti</a>, may be <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/hisutton/2020/06/02/chinas-new-high-security-compound-in-pakistan-may-indicate-naval-plans/#7c1ce8631020">building</a> another in Pakistan, and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/25/world/asia/china-sri-lanka-port.html">controls</a> a port in Sri Lanka.The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) has benefited greatly from investment and reforms. It is now one of the <a href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a27532437/china-now-has-more-warships-than-the-us/">largest and strongest</a> navies in the world and has advanced vessels like nuclear-powered ballistic-missile submarines, guided-missile frigates and destroyers, and two aircraft carriers with more on the way.<div type="image" title="India navy Kalvari submarine" height="667" width="1000" msid="76580556" hostid="261"></div>India too has advanced naval assets and <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/top-story/indian-navy-to-build-24-submarines-including-six-nuclear-warships/story/392809.html">plans</a> to build more. It currently has one active aircraft carrier with another expected to start sea trials next year and has a number of advanced frigates and submarines, including two nuclear ones.But the Indian Navy is still outclassed. China's Southern Theater Command alone has more diesel-electric attack submarines and guided-missile frigates than the entire Indian fleet.However, India has the same advantage that China enjoys in the East China Sea: proximity to its mainland. Any fight with the PLAN would likely be in India's backyard, which means it can use land-based aircraft and coastal defenses against PLAN ships.<h2>Ballistic and nuclear missiles</h2><div type="image" title="India missile" height="1454" width="2200" msid="76580563" hostid="261"></div>The biggest fear, of course, is that any conflict between China and India will turn nuclear. The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute <a href="https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2020/nuclear-weapon-modernization-continues-outlook-arms-control-bleak-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now">estimates</a> that China has 320 nuclear warheads while India has 150.Though China has more advanced delivery systems and warheads, the proximity of the two countries means that even conventional missiles and aircraft could still deliver massive destruction to Chinese and Indian cities.However, most observers don't believe that a conflict stemming from current border disputes will lead to nuclear war. Both countries have a "no first use" policy, meaning they will only use nuclear weapons in response to a nuclear attack.<div type="image" title="China soldiers India border guard" height="1094" width="2300" msid="76580571" hostid="261"></div>The mass use of ballistic missiles also runs the risk of unintended escalation and prolonging conflict, as they would likely only create stretches of no man's land.The disputes in question may not be seen as worth such destruction. As Heath put it: "risking such massive losses over a barren and desolate stretch of land up in the mountains — it's hard to see how that would be justified."Any war between China and India, then, will most likely see troops attempting to take and hold land in the harsh Himalayas, where air support will be limited, and Indian efforts to fend Chinese ships off of its mainland.

India and China's deadliest border clash in decades risks war between nuclear-armed rivals — here's how the world's 2 largest militaries stack up

The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/The-South-China-Sea-is-now-a-core-interest-of-Beijing-and-thats-a-problem-for-its-neighbors/articleshow/47917992.cms">South China Sea</a> (SCS) award by the <keyword id="2933693" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="United-Nations-tribunal">United Nations tribunal</keyword> has rubbished China's historical claims regarding the "nine-dash line", and this could mean well for India. 
 
The long-standing India-China territorial dispute in Arunachal Pradesh could finally be solved thanks to this verdict, and looks like the judgment would be in the favour of India. 
 
For a long time now, China has been claiming Arunachal, particularly Tawang, as southern <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/China-operationalises-biggest-dam-on-Brahmaputra-in-Tibet/articleshow/49337198.cms">Tibet</a>, giving birth to the border conflict between the neighbouring nations. 
 
Also read: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/China-rejects-US-advise-to-follow-Indias-example-over-South-China-Sea-row/articleshow/53195953.cms">China rejects US advise to follow India's example over South China Sea row</a> 
 
However, when the United Nations tribunal came out with the SCS award, it indisputably rubbished Chinese claims on the famed "nine-dash line". 
 
"The tribunal concluded that, to the extent China had historic (sic) rights to resources in the waters of the South China Sea, such rights were extinguished to the extent they were incompatible with the exclusive economic zones provided for in the (UN) convention... Tribunal concluded that there was no legal basis for China to claim historic (sic) rights to resources within the sea areas falling within the 'nine-dash line'," said the verdict. 
 
Also read: ​<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/PoK-and-Arunachal-as-disputed-territories/articleshow/52129850.cms">Showing PoK and Arunachal as disputed territories will land you in jail for 7 years</a> 
 
<a href="http://russiancouncil.ru/common/upload/chinaindia3.jpg">Image source</a>

South China Sea verdict could rule Sino-India Arunachal dispute in India's favour

<ul><li>Indian and Chinese troops reportedly fired weapons in the air to scare each other near <keyword id="9899667" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="shenpao-mountain">Shenpao Mountain</keyword> along the southern bank of <keyword id="837007" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pangong-Tso-Lake">Pangong Tso Lake</keyword> in Eastern Ladakh where both countries share a border. </li><li>China claims that the fresh skirmish is a result of Indian troops firing 'threats' at the the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), which forced them to take counter measures. </li><li>"We request the Indian side to immediately stop dangerous actions," said Colonel Zhang Shuili of the PLA's Western Threater Command in a statement.</li></ul>India and China indulged in a fresh skirmish at the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Eastern Ladakh where the militaries of both countries fired in the air to scare and push back each other. The incident happened near Shenpao mountain near the south bank of Pangong Tso (Lake) on Monday. China issued a statement that the Indian army "blatantly fired threats" to the patrol personnel of the Chinese border guards who had made representations, and the Chinese border guards were forced to take "countermeasures to stabilise the situation on the ground". "India's actions seriously violated the relevant agreements and agreements between China and India, pushing up regional tensions and easily causing misunderstandings and misjudgments," China stated. The statement said it is serious military provocations and are of very bad nature. "We request the Indian side to immediately stop dangerous actions, immediately withdraw cross-line personnel, strictly restrain front-line troops, and strictly investigate and punish personnel who fired shots to ensure that similar incidents do not occur again," said Chinese People's Liberation Army's Western Theater Command, Colonel Zhang Shuili in a statement. Sources in Indian Army to stated that China resorted to firing in air to scare their patrol. The Indian Army's official statement is yet to come. India and China are engaged in around four-month-long standoff at the Line of Actual Control in eastern Ladakh. Despite several levels of dialogue, there has not been any breakthrough and the deadlock continues. On June 15, as many as 20 Indian soldiers and an unknown number of Chinese troops were killed in a violent clash in the Galwan Valley. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/indias-successfully-tested-its-indigenously-developed-hypersonic-technology-demonstrator-vehicle/articleshow/77971186.cms">India successfully tests its hypersonic missile carrier than can also launch satellites into orbit</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/india-bets-on-talks-to-resolve-china-border-even-as-it-prepares-for-a-two-front-threat-on-the-ground/articleshow/77929308.cms">India bets on talks to resolve China border row even as it prepares for a two-front threat on the ground</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/india-says-border-situation-is-a-direct-result-of-chinese-actions-as-it-repositions-troops-in-ladakh/articleshow/77913259.cms">India says border situation is a ‘direct result’ of Chinese actions as it repositions troops in Ladakh</a>

New skirmish at India-China border along Pangong Tso Lake

As China's commitment for disengagement at the border in Eastern Ladakh remains unsatisfactory, India has directed its armed forces to prepare for a long haul, sources said on Tuesday. The revelation came during a review meeting on Tuesday afternoon in the South Block as deliberation took place over the fifth round of Corps Commander level talks. The members of the China Study Group along with Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar met to discuss the results of dialogue during the fifth round of Corps Commander level talks. Sources said that Chinese disengagement plan at <keyword id="1255425" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pangong-Lake">Pangong Lake</keyword> and Depsang remains "unsatisfactory". It was also decided that there was no question of diluting India's stand. "Future strategies for disengagement at the border to be chalked out and till then forces have been told to plan for a long haul," said a source privy to the meeting. It was also discussed that Beijing has started troop and material build-up in depth areas across the 3,488-km Line of Actual Control (LAC). The fifth round of talks took place between the 14 Corps commander Lt General Harinder Singh and South Xinjiang Military District chief Major General Liu Lin at Moldo on August 2 and it lasted for 10 hours. India found that the Chinese side has started the build-up in three sectors of the LAC -- western (Ladakh), middle (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh) and eastern (Sikkim, Arunachal). Intelligence agencies also alerted that China has also mobilised soldiers near Uttarakhand's Lipulekh Pass, a tri-junction between India, Nepal and China situated atop the Kalapani Valley. India had urged China to remove forces from Pangong Lake and Gogra where disengagement has not taken place. At Pangong Lake, China has strengthened their positions between Finger-5 and 8, and India is to take up this move very strongly. The mountain spurs jutting into the lake are referred to as Fingers in military parlance. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) has refused to pull back eastwards from the 8-km stretch it has occupied from Finger-4 to Finger-8 by building scores of new fortifications there since early May. The Chinese troops are also in Depsang which continues to block Indian soldiers from going to their traditional patrolling in the region. The Depsang Plains, a table-top plateau to the north of Galwan, remains a major hotspot due to its strategic location providing access to the logistical hub and airstrip at Daulat Beg Oldie and the critical Karakoram Pass in the north. Since the PLA troops are not moving back as per consensus, the <keyword id="6354416" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Army">Indian Army</keyword> has kicked off the massive logistical exercise for advance winter stocking with rations, specialised clothing, prefabricated shelters, Arctic tents and other equipment to maintain. India has deployed over 35,000 troops in Ladakh. China is not complying with the roadmap for a complete pullback that was drawn out during the Corps Commander level meet on July 14. Till now two rounds of deliberations have taken at Moldo (China) and two in Chushul (India). The countries are locked in a three-month-long stand-off at multiple points, hitherto unprecedented along the border. China had changed the status quo on the LAC at various places, moving inside the Indian territories. India has objected to it and is taking up the matter with China at all levels. The troop disengagement happened only at patrolling point-14 in Galwan Valley, the site of the June 15 clashes, and patrolling point-15 in Hot Springs. On June 15, as many as 20 Indian soldiers and an unknown number of Chinese soldiers were killed in a violent clash in the Galwan Valley. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/indian-army-is-loading-supplies-in-ladakh-fearing-the-worst-for-india-china-border-issue/articleshow/77122683.cms">India is loading up supplies in Ladakh fearing the worst as the Chinese army drags its feet on its way back</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/tinder-bumble-and-ok-cupid-banned-by-indian-army-to-keep-soldiers-from-being-honey-trapped/articleshow/76866610.cms">What is a honey trap ⁠— the reason why the Indian Army banned Tinder, Bumble, and OK Cupid</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/fresh-negotiations-between-military-commanders-from-india-and-china-starts-today-to-end-friction-in-ladakh/articleshow/77311439.cms">Fresh negotiations between military commanders from India and China starts today to end friction in Ladakh</a>

Indian Army plans for the long haul as talks with China remain unsatisfactory

China is seeking to set up more robust logistics in about a dozen countries, including three in India's neighbourhood, to allow its army to project and sustain its power at greater distances, a <keyword id="6362444" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="pentagon">Pentagon</keyword> report has said. In addition to the three Indian neighbours -- Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Myanmar -- the other countries where China is considering to base its military logistics and infrastructure are Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Seychelles, Tanzania, Angola, and Tajikistan, the report said on Tuesday. In its annual report "Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China (PRC) 2020" that was submitted to the US Congress on Tuesday, the Pentagon said these potential <keyword id="95524" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chinese-military">Chinese military</keyword> logistics facilities are in addition to the Chinese military base in Djibouti, which is aimed at supporting naval, air and ground forces projection. "A global PLA (Peoples Liberation Army) military logistics network could both interfere with US military operations and support offensive operations against the United States as the PRC's global military objectives evolve," the Pentagon said in the report. China has probably already made overtures to Namibia, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands, it said, adding the known focus areas of PLA planning are along the Seal Lines of Communication from China to the Strait of Hormuz, Africa, and the Pacific Islands. Similarly, the Pentagon said, Beijing uses One Belt One Road (OBOR) to support its strategy of national rejuvenation by seeking to expand global transportation and trade linkages to support its development and deepen its economic integration with nations along its periphery and beyond. "OBOR projects associated with pipelines and port construction in Pakistan intend to decrease China's reliance on transporting energy resources through strategic chokepoints, such as the Strait of Malacca," it said. China leverages OBOR to invest in projects along China's western and southern periphery to improve stability and diminish threats along its borders, the report said. First announced in 2013, China's OBOR initiative is a signature foreign and economic policy advanced by President Xi Jinping. According to the Pentagon, a global PLA military logistics network could both interfere with the US military operations and support offensive operations against the United States as the Chinese global military objectives evolve. "Host nations can perform an essential role in regulating the PRC's military operations as Chinese officials very likely recognise that a stable long-term relationship with the host nation is critical to the success of their military logistics facilities," it said. Chinese military academics assert that bases abroad can enable forward deployment of its forces and support military conflict, diplomatic signalling, political change, bilateral and multilateral cooperation, and training. They also suggest that a military logistic network could enable intelligence monitoring of the US military. In August 2017, China officially opened its first military base in Djibouti. Chinese Navy Marines are stationed at the base with wheeled armoured vehicles and artillery but are currently dependent on nearby commercial ports due to the lack of a pier on base, the report said. Chinese personnel at the facility have interfered with US flights by lasing pilots and flying drones, and China has sought to restrict Djiboutian sovereign airspace over the base, the report said.

Chinese military is expanding its network into at least another dozen countries, according to the US Department of Defense

Indian Prime Minister Narenda Modi is all set to embark on a two-nation political tour, starting from Vietnam and followed by China, where he would be taking part in the <keyword id="3619515" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="G20-Summit-in-Hangzhou">G20 Summit in Hangzhou</keyword>. 
 
The recent past has seen a lot of tiffs between the Indian and Chinese government, be it over China’s opposition to India’s NSG application, or the topic of expulsion of Chinese journalists from India and how it was reported in the Chinese media. 
 
However, since there is always some scope for a healthy discussion, here are five points that PM Modi would be pushing, as per a TNN report: 
 
Pakistan 
 
The recent unrest in Kashmir saw Pakistan openly supporting Kashmiri terrorists and separatists against India, after which, India questioned protests in PoK over rigged elections, stating that PoK PoK belonged to India. 
 
It was then that PM Modi had warned Pakistan that India would raise its human rights violations in Balochistan in case Islamabad continues to support terrorist activities in Kashmir. 
 
Since China is a close ally to Pakistan and is seen supporting it, there are high chances that Pakistan would be a topic of discussion between India and China. 
 
<keyword id="1934950" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="China-Pakistan-economic-corridor">China-Pakistan Economic Corridor</keyword> (CPEC) 
 
India has been putting a lot of pressure on Islamabad, and this could prove to be harmful to the Chinese economy. CPEC is a $46-billion project, using which China wants to gain direct access to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean Region. It has also invested heavily in the Gwadar Port in Balochistan for this very purpose. 
 
A critical part of this corridor runs through PoK, and now that India has decided to reinforce its legal claims on PoK, Beijing is bound to be upset. Even though the Chinese government has steered away from commenting on this, some sources say that Chinese think tanks have suggested China-Pakistan taking a joint military action against India so that the CPEC project is unhindered. 
 
<keyword id="430735" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="South-China-Sea">South China Sea</keyword> dispute 
 
This territorial dispute has made China stand against several nations, and this is benefitting India. 
 
After an international tribunal ruled in favour of India, that Beijing’s claims in the South China Sea were not justified, India had issued a statement in which it made a direct appeal to all nations involved in the conflict to “exercise self-restraint,” so that the dispute is not complicated further. 
 
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi was on his visit to India recently, when he said that it was up to New Delhi to support Beijing on the South China Sea dispute or not, also making sure that New Delhi does not raise the South China Sea issue anywhere. 
 
India’s budding friendships with South East Asia countries 
 
Vietnam is also involved in the South China Sea dispute, and Modi will be visiting it before China, where he would be signing a contract for the supply of four patrol vessels to the Vietnamese military. He could also discuss defence cooperation with Vietnam, much to China’s chagrin. 
 
India is increasingly getting friendly with other countries in the South East Asia, and China will most likely see these emerging friendships as a not-entirely-friendly alliance. 
 
India’s infrastructure development along China border 
 
Till almost a decade back, India had not built any infrastructure alongside Chinese border, making sure that Chinese be able to advance slowly in case Beijing invades India. However, China built up high-quality roads and rail links along the 3500-km border with India. 
 
Now that India is also looking to push infrastructure projects there, China has said that these efforts would only escalate tensions between the two countries. It was only recently that Beijing criticized India’s decision to deploy the advanced, supersonic cruise missile system BrahMos on its border with China, claiming that this deployment was “the opposite” of peace and stability. This too could be a topic of discussion, given that China on its part has done heavy military deployment in that area. 
 
<a href="http://img.newsheads.in/images4web/2014/09/18/639043627-India-china1_0.JPG">Image source</a>

PM Modi is set to visit China, and here is what he’ll be talking about

Indian Prime Minister <keyword id="969998" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narenda-Modi">Narenda Modi</keyword> is on a two-nation political tour that started from Vietnam and now <keyword id="6354642" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Modi">Modi</keyword> is in Chinese city, <keyword id="232713" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</keyword> for the crucial G20 summit. 
 
The recent past has seen a lot of tiffs between the Indian and Chinese government, be it over China's opposition to India's NSG application, or the topic of expulsion of Chinese journalists from India and how it was reported in the Chinese media. 
 
However, since there is always some scope for a healthy discussion, here are five points that PM Modi would be pushing, as per a TNN report: 
 
Pakistan 
 
The recent unrest in Kashmir saw Pakistan openly supporting Kashmiri terrorists and separatists against India, after which, India questioned protests in PoK over rigged elections, stating that PoK PoK belonged to India. 
 
It was then that PM Modi had warned Pakistan that India would raise its human rights violations in Balochistan in case Islamabad continues to support terrorist activities in Kashmir. 
 
Since China is a close ally to Pakistan and is seen supporting it, there are high chances that Pakistan would be a topic of discussion between India and China. 
 
China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) 
 
India has been putting a lot of pressure on Islamabad, and this could prove to be harmful to the Chinese economy. CPEC is a $46-billion project, using which China wants to gain direct access to the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean Region. It has also invested heavily in the Gwadar Port in Balochistan for this very purpose. 
 
A critical part of this corridor runs through PoK, and now that India has decided to reinforce its legal claims on PoK, Beijing is bound to be upset. Even though the Chinese government has steered away from commenting on this, some sources say that Chinese think tanks have suggested China-Pakistan taking a joint military action against India so that the CPEC project is unhindered. 
 
South China Sea dispute 
 
This territorial dispute has made China stand against several nations, and this is benefitting India. 
 
After an international tribunal ruled in favour of India, that Beijing's claims in the South China Sea were not justified, India had issued a statement in which it made a direct appeal to all nations involved in the conflict to "exercise self-restraint," so that the dispute is not complicated further. 
 
Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi was on his visit to India recently, when he said that it was up to New Delhi to support Beijing on the South China Sea dispute or not, also making sure that New Delhi does not raise the South China Sea issue anywhere. 
 
India's budding friendships with South East Asia countries 
 
Vietnam is also involved in the South China Sea dispute, and Modi will be visiting it before China, where he would be signing a contract for the supply of four patrol vessels to the Vietnamese military. He could also discuss defence cooperation with Vietnam, much to China's chagrin. 
 
India is increasingly getting friendly with other countries in the South East Asia, and China will most likely see these emerging friendships as a not-entirely-friendly alliance. 
 
India's infrastructure development along China border 
 
Till almost a decade back, India had not built any infrastructure alongside Chinese border, making sure that Chinese be able to advance slowly in case Beijing invades India. However, China built up high-quality roads and rail links along the 3500-km border with India. 
 
Now that India is also looking to push infrastructure projects there, China has said that these efforts would only escalate tensions between the two countries. It was only recently that Beijing criticized India's decision to deploy the advanced, supersonic cruise missile system BrahMos on its border with China, claiming that this deployment was "the opposite" of peace and stability. This too could be a topic of discussion, given that China on its part has done heavy military deployment in that area.

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