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<div type="image" title="The RBI has cracked the regulatory whip on NBFCs and banks, who&amp;#39;ve been pushing microfinance and unsecured loans aggressively to grow their loan books." agency="ANI" msid="114778648" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The RBI has cracked the regulatory whip on NBFCs and banks, who&amp;#39;ve been pushing microfinance and unsecured loans aggressively to grow their loan books.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Imagine this. You have a younger sibling you’re mighty envious of. And why not? Unlike you, they seem to enjoy all the freedom and money in the world. They party like there’s no tomorrow, and here you are, stuck in a boring, ultra-disciplined but responsible routine that feels completely devoid of any independence, and mostly, funds. But of late, things are changing. This sibling is in massive trouble and just cannot escape the parent’s wrath anymore. Long story short, the party is over, and it is time to go back home. The rising defaults on this sibling’s part have now begun pulling the entire house down, thereby attracting the regulator’s ire. <h2>The Wild West of <keyword id="113684" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="microfinance" source="Orion">microfinance</keyword> and unsecured loans</h2>It's hard to ignore the issues with microfinance and unsecured loans in India. Many saw them as a small gamble and ignored the rising defaults much like the younger siblings’ tantrums, and now they find themselves in hot waters. The skyrocketing instances of non-payments aren't a micro-issue anymore and are threatening the stability of the entire banking system. In the quarter ended September 30, 2024, 5 of India’s 8 largest private sector <keyword id="19934118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="banks" source="keywords">banks</keyword> reported a steep rise in their bad loan book, mostly thanks to microfinance loans. Some banks, in a bid to strengthen their fortress against these <keyword id="142154" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="bad-loans" source="Orion">bad loans</keyword>, have significantly upped their provisions. For instance, IndusInd Bank set aside Rs 525 crore during July and September 2024 to battle the menace of defaults on microfinance loans, which make up about 9% of its total loan book. See, banks rely heavily on their interest income, which they earn from advancing loans. Any loan where the borrower has not paid interest to the bank or defaulted for 90 days or more becomes bad, i.e. an NPA, or non-performing asset for the bank. And who likes things going bad? Simply put, there has been a steep rise in three areas, much to the dislike of banks and MFIs (micro-finance institutions). But hey, it's mostly their doing! <ol><li>GNPA ratio (gross net performing assets): The quantum of non-performing assets a bank has in proportion to its total assets.</li><li>Provision: The amount banks set aside to take care of such NPAs.</li><li>Slippage ratio: The rate at which good girls go bad, or the speed at which good loans turn into NPAs</li></ol>But how are these plaguing the Indian banking sector? And what does the road ahead look like? We decode it for you. <h2> Microfinance: A not-so-micro-menace</h2>Microfinance loans were initially brought forth for low-income households and individuals i.e. for those who might not generally have access to traditional ways of credit, like bank loans and more. They don’t require collateral or an asset to be pledged in lieu of the loan, making it a tad bit easier for borrowers. As of June 2024, the amount of outstanding loans in the microfinance industry stood at a staggering Rs 4,20,256 crore. Of this, NBFC-MFIs accounted for 40% and banks made for 33% of these. In 2022, RBI, in a bid to inspire some competition in this space, did something radical-they did away with the ceiling on how much interest MFIs could charge their customers. Previously, MFIs could add up to 12% to their cost of acquiring funds to determine the final interest rate chargeable to the consumer. So, assuming that Bank A incurs a 5% cost to acquire funds for further loaning, A could charge up to 17% interest from the end consumer. So, interest rates were in the hands of MFIs, and boy, did they have a gala time with it. Instead of spurring some healthy competition, as RBI expected, MFIs and banks went rogue and all guns blazing, competing for the title of “Who will charge the highest interest?” Recently, RBI banned 4 microfinance institutions (MFIs), namely Asirvad Micro Finance Limited, Arohan Financial Services Limited, DMI Finance Private Limited, and <keyword id="20117932" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="navi-finserv" source="keywords">Navi Finserv</keyword> from disbursing loans effective October 21, 2024. Why? Because they were charging 14% extra interest over their original cost of funds. To maintain their loan books (and pockets), banks and NBFCs resorted to shady practices like netting off loans, which RBI has now advised MFIs against. Here, lenders allow borrowers to settle a previous outstanding loan by issuing them a new loan! As crazy as it sounds, it helped banks to report less of their total assets as NPAs, since the new credit would cover pending instalments of the borrower’s previous loan. Then there was the issue of borrowers overleveraging, i.e. taking multiple loans using different IDs from various lenders and then failing to honour any of them. The consequence? Banks and NBFCs end up with massive NPAs. Data from credit bureaus suggests that over the last quarter, there was a 17.2% rise in the number of borrowers who had 5 or more active loans at the same time. <h2>Growth &gt; Caution</h2>It's an age-old tale unfolding yet again in India’s banking sector- Icarus flew too close to the sun and eventually, fell to its death. Between April and June 2024, NBFCs microfinance portfolio jumped by 2.7%. If you see this in terms of loan sources, microfinance loans issued by banks grew by 11.2% in Q1FY25. But the same portfolio in NBFCs swelled by almost double-23.9%. While most of these loans had an average ticket size between Rs 30,000-50,000, there was a sharp spike in the number of loans that had a ticket size of Rs 80,000 or more. Data suggests that as of March 2024, more than 12% of all microfinance borrowers had over 4 or more active loans. In dating parlance, this is a classic case of borrowers going polyamorous, minus the honesty and transparency. Not the best of situations, you'd agree! <h2>Will banks and NBFCs stand up to this stress?</h2>If their results for Q2FY25 are to be believed, NBFCs are not handling the pressure all that well. Or even slightly well. Only a few banks like Bank of Baroda (BoB), ICICI, and Indian Bank were up for the battle, even witnessing a decline in their loan delinquencies. Some others, like IndusInd Bank, saw their stock dip by a massive 16.2% over the last 5 days. Its slippages in the previous quarter burgeoned from Rs 15.3 billion in Q1FY25 to Rs 17.9 billion in Q2. As a result, the bank pushed a staggeringly high amount of money to create an NPA cushion for itself. While its management has highlighted its preference for secured lending, that was hardly reflected in its actions during the quarter, where growth in unsecured personal loans remained exceptionally high at over 7% on a QoQ basis. Turns out, only 44% of customers in IndusInd Banks’ microfinance loan portfolio were exclusive to it. The rest 47% were, you guessed it right-polyamorous! 27% had borrowed from another lender as well, apart from IndusInd Bank, while 20% were those who had outstanding loans with two other lenders, apart from IndusInd Bank. IndusInd Bank’s credit card segment did not miss the NPA bus and accounted for 7-8% of its GNPAs. Canara Bank’s total slippages during the previous quarter jumped to Rs 11.1 billion, up by 24.7% QoQ, and making up for 3.6% of its total loans. As for Bandhan Bank, its gross NPA for Q2FY25 inched up on a QoQ basis, up from 4.23% in Q1, to 4.68% in the second quarter. IDFC Bank’s heavy provisioning for its NPAs marred its profits significantly, causing its PAT (profit after tax) to dip by 73% on a YoY basis. Data from ICRA Analytics suggest that the AUM (asset under management) growth in microfinance loans and unsecured (personal and business) loans by the NBFCs will moderate to 10-12% and 19-21%, respectively, in FY2025 compared to 30% and 38%, in FY2024. Says A M Karthik, Senior Vice President &amp; Co-Group Head, Financial Sector Ratings, ICRA, “As bank funds constitute a larger share in the overall funding of NBFCs, a slower credit flow from banks to the NBFCs will compress their AUM growth. The NBFCs in unsecured and digital lending businesses shall face a higher squeeze in funding compared to others, and the unsecured lending space will continue to be a source of stress in the near term.” There has been uninhibited growth in <keyword id="6051027" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Unsecured-loan" source="Orion">unsecured loan</keyword>s, apart from just the microfinance segment. For instance, Axis Bank’s gross slippages jumped by Rs 4,443 crore, largely thanks to its unsecured business. The same is the case with Yes Bank, which saw 35–40% of its retail slippages emerging from the unsecured loan portfolio. <keyword id="6376194" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="kotak-mahindra" source="Orion">Kotak Mahindra</keyword> Bank was also quick to follow Yes Bank’s suit, with around 35%-40% of its slippages coming from credit cards. <h2>How is the road ahead?</h2>While RBI has just cracked its whip and served a warning at the moment, experts at Morgan Stanley believe that more changes (read regulatory lashes) are underway. Moreover, with both festive and wedding seasons underway in our country, unsecured lending might pick up momentum, much to the disdain of the calibrated approach banks have been taking towards it so far. But if the situation doesn't improve, RBI will not waste any time in becoming the typical tyrannical <keyword id="19897820" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bollywood" source="keywords">Bollywood</keyword> headmaster who runs his dominion with an iron fist. However, that's a story for another day. Do you have a topic in mind you'd want a simpler explanation for, or insights or personal experience to share on personal finance and more? Contact us at businessinsider@timesinternet.in.

Simply Put: Is the lending party over? The dangerous tango of Indian banks with microfinance and unsecured loans

India Infrastructure Finance Company Ltd (IIFCL) on Wednesday reported a 44 per cent jump in standalone <keyword id="19942166" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="net-profit" source="keywords">net profit</keyword> to Rs 1,552 crore for the fiscal ended March 2024 aided by an increase in <keyword id="20107418" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="lending" source="keywords">lending</keyword> and moderation in <keyword id="19936329" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bad-loans" source="keywords">bad loans</keyword>. The state-owned infrastructure finance company had earned a net profit of Rs 1,076 crore in the previous fiscal. The company recorded the <keyword id="20025887" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="highest-ever" source="keywords">highest-ever</keyword> profit, recovery, sanction and disbursement furthering turnaround performance that began three years ago, IIFCL managing director PR Jaishankar said while announcing annual financial numbers. He said, for the first time, the profit before tax has crossed Rs 2,000 crore. During the year, profit before tax has increased to Rs 2,029 crore as against Rs 1,076 crore in the previous year. The company continued to add value as its net worth increased 11 per cent to Rs 14,266 crore in 2023-24 from Rs 12,878 crore in the preceding fiscal. During the year, he said, the company posted record performance with the highest-ever sanctions and disbursements at Rs 42,309 crore and Rs 22,356 crore, respectively. The cumulative sanctions and disbursements stood at Rs 2.5 lakh crore and Rs 1.28 lakh crore, respectively, as of March 31, 2024. Going forward, he said, the company has significant scope to further improve loan growth and expects to grow at 16-18 per cent. To fund business growth, he said the company plans to raise over Rs 30,000 crore during the current financial year. With regard to asset quality, IIFCL has brought down gross Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) to 1.61 per cent from 4.76 per cent a year ago. The net NPA of the company too declined to 0.46 per cent from 1.41 per cent in the year-ago period. During the current year, he said, the net NPA would be either zero or nearly zero. The Provision Coverage Ratio (PCR) in the last fiscal increased to 71.51 per cent from 70.48 per cent, Jaishankar said. IIFCL has funded close to 760 infra projects worth Rs 14 lakh crore till March 2024. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/virat-kohli-backed-go-digit-ipo-subscription-opens-today-all-you-need-to-know/slidelist/110137661.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/virat-kohli-backed-go-digit-ipo-subscription-opens-today-all-you-need-to-know/slidelist/110137661.cms" target="_blank">Virat Kohli-backed Go Digit IPO subscription opens today — all you need to know</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tvs-iqube-gets-a-new-variant-priced-under-1-lakh-st-variant-gets-a-bigger-battery/articleshow/110121391.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tvs-iqube-gets-a-new-variant-priced-under-1-lakh-st-variant-gets-a-bigger-battery/articleshow/110121391.cms" target="_blank">TVS iQube gets a new variant priced under ₹1 lakh, ST variant gets a bigger battery</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/qualcomm-snapdragon-8s-gen-3-chipset-to-debut-in-india-with-the-poco-f6/articleshow/110115537.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/qualcomm-snapdragon-8s-gen-3-chipset-to-debut-in-india-with-the-poco-f6/articleshow/110115537.cms" target="_blank">Qualcomm Snapdragon 8s Gen 3 chipset to debut in India with the Poco F6</a>

IIFCL profit rises 44% to highest-ever of ₹1,552 crore in FY24

Mumbai, Three out of five consumers surveyed in India believe it is normal for people to exaggerate income on <keyword id="20243269" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="loan-applications" source="keywords">loan applications</keyword>, according to a report on people's attitudes toward first-party <keyword id="20490528" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="financial-fraud" source="keywords">financial fraud</keyword>. The survey by global analytics software company FICO stated that more than a quarter (27 per cent) of Indians believe it is normal for people to deliberately misrepresent their income on mortgage applications. "Three in five consumers (63 per cent) think it is OK or normal for people to exaggerate their income on loan applications, significantly more than the global average of 39 per cent," the survey said. More than half (54 per cent) believe it is normal to falsify insurance claims, the global survey which examined 1,000 people in India said. Many Indians consider it fine to exaggerate income on personal loan applications, further complicating financial integrity. Just one third (33 per cent) of consumers believe it is never acceptable to exaggerate income on a personal loan application, while another third (35 per cent) finds it acceptable under specific conditions. "With over 60 per cent of Indian consumers viewing income falsification as acceptable or justified, banks face a very real problem of 'liar loans' that could skew risk assessment and increase bad loan rates," said Aashish Sharma, APAC segment leader for risk lifecycle and decision management at FICO. As many 1,000 Indian adults were surveyed, along with approximately 12,000 other consumers in Canada, U.S., Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, The Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, U.K. and Spain. Globally, attitudes are notably different, with the survey revealing the majority of consumers (56 per cent) firmly reject the idea of exaggerating income on loan applications, viewing it as never acceptable. Just, one in four (24 per cent) consider it permissible in certain circumstances, and only one in seven (15 per cent) view it as a normal practice, the report said. "Many consumers may not see this as harmful behaviour, but it's important to understand that when applying for financial products, applicants typically certify that the information they provide is accurate," Sharma said. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/arkade-developers-ipo-allotment-how-to-check-allotment-ipo-gmp-listing-date-and-more/articleshow/113493854.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/arkade-developers-ipo-allotment-how-to-check-allotment-ipo-gmp-listing-date-and-more/articleshow/113493854.cms" target="_blank">Arkade Developers IPO allotment – Check allotment status, GMP, listing date and more</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/western-carriers-ipo-allotment-how-to-check-allotment-ipo-gmp-listing-date-and-more/articleshow/113511375.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/western-carriers-ipo-allotment-how-to-check-allotment-ipo-gmp-listing-date-and-more/articleshow/113511375.cms" target="_blank">Western Carriers IPO allotment – How to check allotment, IPO GMP, listing date and more</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/iphone-16-series-allows-users-to-wirelessly-restore-the-firmware-using-an-iphone-or-ipad/articleshow/113455048.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/iphone-16-series-allows-users-to-wirelessly-restore-the-firmware-using-an-iphone-or-ipad/articleshow/113455048.cms" target="_blank">iPhone 16 series allows users to wirelessly restore the firmware using an iPhone or iPad</a>

Three out of 5 consumers think it's normal to exaggerate income on loan applications: Survey

The country's largest lender <keyword id="6354731" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="state-bank-of-india" source="Orion">State Bank of India</keyword> (<keyword id="13222" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="sbi" source="Orion">SBI</keyword>) on Wednesday reported a 69 per cent jump in its consolidated <keyword id="6431508" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="net-profit" source="Orion">net profit</keyword> at ₹8.889.84 crore for the second quarter ended September 30 on account of decline in bad loans. The bank's net profit was ₹5,245.88 crore in the July-September quarter of <keyword id="1547700" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="previous-fiscal" source="Orion">previous fiscal</keyword>, SBI said in a regulatory filing. The total income of the SBI group rose to Rs 1,01,143.26 crore in the quarter under review, compared to ₹95,373.50 crore in the year-ago period. On a standalone basis, the bank's net profit rose 67 per cent to ₹6504 crore as against ₹4,574.16 crore. The lender's total income increased to ₹77,689.09 crore from ₹75,341.80 crore in the July-September quarter of last fiscal. The asset quality of the bank improved with the gross non-performing assets (<keyword id="127693" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="npas" source="Orion">NPAs</keyword>) declining to 4.90 per cent of the gross advances as on September 30, 2020, from 5.28 per cent a year ago. Net NPAs or bad loans too declined to 1.52 per cent of the advances from 1.59 per cent in the year-ago period. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/hubble-telescope-once-again-enters-safe-mode-science-operations-shut/articleshow/87506599.cms">Hubble telescope once again enters safe mode, science operations shut</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/google-announces-scholarship-for-female-computer-science-students-residing-in-asia-pacific-countries/articleshow/87505399.cms">Google announces scholarship for female computer science students residing in Asia-Pacific countries</a>

SBI reports strong net profit as bad loan eases down

Mumbai, Union Bank of India on Friday said it has identified eight troubled accounts worth Rs 3,000 crore to be sold to the national <keyword id="6605010" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bad-bank" source="Orion">bad bank</keyword> <keyword id="11291018" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="narcl" source="Orion">NARCL</keyword> this fiscal. The lender has more than doubled its net income at Rs 3,236 crore in the June 2023 quarter on improved asset quality and recoveries. The city-based bank had already sold three accounts worth Rs 900 crore last fiscal to the national bad bank at a recovery of 33 per cent. We have sort of identified as many as 42 troubled accounts with an outstanding of Rs 10,000 crore to be sold to the National Asset Reconstruction Company (NARCL). Of these, we hope to sell at least eight of them to that central government-owned bad bank this fiscal, A Manimekhalai, the chief executive and managing director of the public sector lender, told reporters at the bank's post-earnings presser here. Union Bank was one of the first lenders to sell its NPAs to NARCL in the first lot of the bad bank's such transactions. The bank had recovered Rs 20,000 crore from written-offs/upgrades or one-time settlements but this year it will be around a quarter of that only, she said as the overall quantum of bad assets has fallen drastically. Of the Rs 20,000 crore, cash recovery alone was Rs 5,500 crore, which it expects to fall to Rs 4,500 crore this year. The bank's overall gross bad loan ratio is came down by 288 bps to 7.34 per cent (Rs 60,104 crore) now and net NPAs by 173 bps to 1.58 per cent (Rs 12,138 crore), and hopes to bring it further down to under-6 per cent by March, she said, adding as a result, provisions for bad loans came down to Rs 1,984 crore from Rs 3,653 crore. Manimekhalai also said the bank will be raising Rs 10,000 crore in equity capital not to buffer up its core capital base but to meet the Sebi mandate of having a 25 per cent public float. Of the planned Rs 10,000 crore capital raising, Rs 8,000 crore will be equity capital and the remaining will be tier 1 &amp; 2 capital. We are more than adequately capitalised. This fundraising is to meet the 25 per cent mandatory public float, she explained. The government currently holds an 83.49 per cent stake in the bank, which has to be brought down to 75 per cent under the Sebi's listing rules. The core capital stood at 15.95 per cent from 14.42 per cent of which CET 1 (Common Equity Tier 1) stood at 12.34 per cent from 10.68 per cent, she said. The bank's profit rose 107.7 per cent to Rs 3,236 crore from Rs 1,558 crore on a steep fall in bad loans and an improvement in interest income. The total income rose to Rs 27,381 crore from Rs 20,991 crore in the same period a year ago, of which interest income improved to Rs 23,478 crore from Rs 18,174 crore.

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Simply Put: Is the lending party over? The dangerous tango of Indian banks with microfinance and unsecured loans

Ira Alok Puranik

IIFCL profit rises 44% to highest-ever of ₹1,552 crore in FY24

PTI

Three out of 5 consumers think it's normal to exaggerate income on loan applications: Survey

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SBI reports strong net profit as bad loan eases down

PTI

Union Bank to sell 8 troubled accounts worth Rs 3,000 cr to bad bank NARCL

PTI

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