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Starting a family is supposed to be a beautiful and rewarding life experience for those who choose to go down that path. But for many LGBTQ+ couples, this path is far from straight-forward and often riddled with thorns and obstacles, financial ones, in particular. Sperm donors, egg donors, surrogates or gestational carriers don’t come cheap, after all.<br /><br />As per multiple reports, more and more same-sex couples are turning to treatment options like <em>in vitro</em> fertilisation (<keyword id="19910347" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="IVF" source="keywords">IVF</keyword>) over more traditional routes like donor insemination. And, to no one’s surprise, they do face immense inequality in the healthcare and insurance systems as well. While this affliction is no doubt affecting queer people worldwide, those in the US have reportedly found it more difficult to receive <keyword id="21580039" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fertility-coverage" source="keywords">fertility coverage</keyword> than heterosexual couples.<br /><br />For the unversed, IVF is expensive, to say the least — and we’re talking thousands-of-dollars-expensive. On average, an IVF cost in the US for a single cycle starts from $18,000. The inclusive cost covers 1 IVF + 1 Transfer of own eggs and 1 IVF with an egg donor, which will cost $25,000, roughly over ₹20 Lakhs! And low success rates of such procedures worldwide make this a fairly huge gamble.<br /><br />But all’s not lost yet. Recently, Emisil.com ranked various countries globally to shed light on a global landscape of options for <keyword id="21580038" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="queer-couples" source="keywords">queer couples</keyword> looking at IVF in hopes of empowering them to find the right fit for their budget and desired outcomes.<br /><br />Turns out, for those working with a tight budget, <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword> might be the most pocket-friendly option. IVF procedures using donor sperm can be as low as $2,095, making it a prime destination for affordability. With a success rate averaging 40%, this makes it a great option for budget-conscious couples.<br /><br />France offers a sweet spot between affordability and IVF success rates. While costs are double at $4,600, the success rates climb to 60% here. This balance makes it a strong contender, especially in Europe. Another European destination offering a similar balance is Greece. IVF using one's own eggs costs around $3,450, with the success rate being 57.9%. Similarly, Latvia offers affordable donor sperm and moderate success rates, attracting cost-conscious couples seeking positive outcomes.<br /><br />However, for those couples that can take the financial burden, North Cyprus might be the best option. With a staggering 80% success rate, this Turkish destination boasts the highest in the world. While IVF with own eggs cost $3,162.00, the procedure costs around $13,800.00 with donor eggs.<br /><br />Other great options include Denmark, with its excellent <keyword id="20228173" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="healthcare-system" source="keywords">healthcare system</keyword> and competitive IUI pricing, and Finland, due to its social healthcare system adding another layer of security.<br /><br />But it is important to note that this ranking based on costs is just a starting point, Couples must take into account travel logistics and prioritise consultations with fertility specialists. We wish LGBTQ+ couples luck with finding their right fit for building a family.<br /><br />To see the full research and more detailed data please visit this <a href="https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/e/2PACX-1vSzVKfMWxNoNVSY4ljLcY7QU76QZ033iCG17S5uhKT6rRKox2BhYmhQKceF1EOp186Npc-vzu2pNY2I/pubhtml?gid=975345683&amp;single=true&amp;urp=gmail_link">link</a>.<br /><br />The research was conducted by Emisil; access their website <a href="https://www.emisil.com/" data-type="tilCustomLink">here</a>. Content discretion is advised.<br />

India might just be the cheapest option for queer couples looking to have a baby via IVF!

For the past few years, the plight of the <keyword id="20353453" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="northern-white-rhinoceros" source="keywords">Northern White Rhinoceros</keyword> has been a stark reminder of the fragility of life. With only two females remaining, <keyword id="20353452" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="najin" source="keywords">Najin</keyword> and her daughter Fatu, this magnificent species teetered on the brink of extinction.<br /><br />Unable to reproduce naturally, their future seemed bleak. But amidst the despair, a glimmer of hope emerged in the form of science and conservation. Researchers had collected precious eggs from Fatu and frozen sperm from the last male, Sudan, creating a genetic bank that could potentially resurrect the species.<br /><br />And now, in a groundbreaking feat, scientists have achieved the world's first in-vitro fertilisation (<keyword id="19910347" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ivf" source="keywords">IVF</keyword>) <keyword id="6357793" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="pregnancy" source="Orion">pregnancy</keyword> in a <keyword id="49308" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="rhino" source="Orion">rhino</keyword>ceros. Sadly, the pregnancy ended after 70 days due to a bacterial infection. However, this milestone marks a crucial step towards reversing the Northern White Rhino's tragic fate.<br /><br />The key lies in the Southern White Rhino, a close cousin with a healthy population of around 20,000. Their shared biology makes them ideal surrogate mothers for the Northern White embryos, as Professor <keyword id="20353450" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="thomas-hildebrandt" source="keywords">Thomas Hildebrandt</keyword>, Director of the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, explains: "We have a closely related recipient, so their internal map is nearly the same."<br /><br />Despite the initial setback, the team remains resolutely optimistic. "With this achievement, we are very confident that we will be able to create Northern White Rhinos in the same manner and that we will be able to save the species," says Dr <keyword id="20353451" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="susanne-holtze" source="keywords">Susanne Holtze</keyword>, a scientist involved in the project.<br /><br />The future of the Northern White Rhino remains uncertain, but the first IVF pregnancy has ignited a spark of hope. With unwavering dedication and the power of science, we might yet witness these magnificent creatures once again roam the African savannas.<br />

First successful IVF rhino pregnancy could save the Northern White Rhinoceros from certain extinction

<p class="drop-cap">Brenna Carney was 26 when she started seeing videos circulating on TikTok of women her age <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fertility-doctor-says-best-time-to-freeze-eggs-your-20s-2022-11">freezing their eggs</a>. She began to panic. Was this something she should be thinking about? The Texas native was single at the time and had always wanted children. "When I was 18, I thought I'd be married by 24, with my first kid by 26," Carney told me. "That definitely did not happen."</p><p>She started researching and found numerous articles preaching the advantages of freezing eggs before age 35 for higher viability in the future. "I felt the biological clock ticking," she said.</p><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/froze-my-eggs-cost-risks-worth-it-2023-11">Egg freezing</a> offered a plan B. She wouldn't have to worry about her fertility declining or rushing into a relationship with someone — she would have viable eggs to use whenever she found the right partner or decided the time was right. So in 2022, at the age of 27, she discussed it with her primary-care physician and was referred to a fertility clinic. "I put a lot of thought into it, but I will say I was kind of just freaking out a little bit," she said.</p><p>Carney is one of many young people who feel like they're <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/medical-anthropologist-women-freezing-eggs-over-partnership-issues-2023-3">running out of time</a>. Ever since the American Society for Reproductive Medicine lifted the "experimental" tag from egg freezing in 2012, more people have decided to freeze their eggs. Between 2012 and 2020, procedures surged by 400% in the US, according to the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. Initially, ASRM recommended egg freezing only for women undergoing medical treatments that affected their fertility, but in 2021, thanks to improved technology, ASRM acknowledged "delaying childbearing" as a valid reason for the procedure. And in 2022, women were given the option to store their eggs for up to 55 years, a significant increase from the previous 10-year limit. For the first time, egg freezing was an option for younger women worried about their reproductive future.</p><p>Since then, clinics have used platforms like TikTok and Instagram to entice an increasingly young base of women with the message that they're running out of time — the earlier you freeze your eggs, the better, they warn. From 2021 to 2022, the most recent year for which data is available, US egg-freezing procedures jumped another 20%, to nearly 30,000. Younger and younger women are posting online about freezing their eggs — and getting paid by clinics to do it. But the messaging often ignores a few key realities: Egg freezing is expensive, the chances of success vary significantly, and the idea that earlier is always better isn't clearly supported by research.</p><p>"Egg freezing is a really valuable and important technology," Zeynep Gurtin, a sociologist and lecturer at the Institute for Women's Health at University College London, told me. However, she said it's not a blanket positive. "What we're starting to see with egg freezing now is the overexploitation of egg freezing as a technology that's marketed as being potentially useful to all women who should use it as some kind of backup plan," Gurtin said. "That's absolutely not what this technology is designed for or is right for."</p><p class="drop-cap">The first step in Carney's egg-freezing journey was to go on birth control — something she had never done before. "That week, I was a raging bitch," she said. The pill sent her emotions spiraling in every direction. Then, Carney had to self-inject daily hormone shots for 10 days to coax her ovaries to mature as many eggs as possible. Finally, the doctor could remove her eggs.</p><p>During a typical egg-retrieval procedure, a doctor guides a needle attached to a catheter through the vaginal wall and draws out the eggs using light suction while the patient is under anesthesia. The harvested eggs are immediately preserved in a cryogenic freezer in liquid nitrogen, where they stay until they're needed for in vitro fertilization. The whole procedure takes less than 20 minutes — but recovering from the anesthesia might take several hours.</p><p>The more eggs the doctor can retrieve, the better the chance one will result in a successful pregnancy down the road. In a 2022 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(22)00254-0/fulltext">study</a>, women who froze their eggs before the age of 38 had a 70% chance of having a baby if they thawed 20 or more eggs. But if they thawed fewer than 10 eggs, the success rate plunged to 36%.</p><p>Women under 38 typically get 10 to 20 eggs per retrieval, but of the eggs that are frozen, not all will survive the thawing process. Even fewer will be successfully fertilized, fewer still will become embryos, and even fewer will result in a live birth. At each stage of the process, there's a chance that something goes wrong. "Even in the best-case scenario, your success rate is never going to be higher than the average IVF cycle, which is around 30%," Gurtin said.</p>          <p>Carney's retrieval resulted in only nine eggs. "I thought that I would get a lot more because I was 27 and very healthy," she told me. "Some women get, like, 25 to 30." She felt frustrated and discouraged. "I just did all that and now I only have nine?" she recalled thinking at the time. Most women undergo the entire process multiple times to retrieve more eggs and increase their chances of success. But that also comes with a cost — and Carney doesn't plan to do another round.</p><p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/39-year-old-woman-spent-6000-on-egg-retrieval-2022-6">Egg retrieval</a> typically runs you $8,000 per procedure, plus $2,000 to $5,000 for the hormone shots. Each year you store your eggs, you also have to pay a fee ranging from $400 to $800. And when you decide to use your eggs, it costs $3,000 to $5,000 for the frozen-embryo transfer. Insurance coverage for these procedures is rare, with exceptions in situations such as when a cancer patient's fertility is endangered by chemotherapy. Some employers do offer assistance — Meta and Apple, for instance, cover up to $20,000 for egg freezing, and since 2016, active-duty women in the US military can have the procedure covered — but everyone else is on their own.</p><p>To pay for her procedure, Carney took out a $6,000 loan. Her insurance covered a couple of doctor visits, and her mother helped out with an extra $2,000 to $3,000 for the hormone treatments. Carney now pays $200 each month to pay off the loan, and when we last spoke, she had just paid her annual $600 fee to keep the eggs frozen. She plans to keep paying until she turns 36; if she hasn't used them by then, she'll have them destroyed to avoid paying more fees. Nine years of storage would bring her total cost to nearly $14,500, not including interest on the loan.</p><p>While freezing eggs doesn't guarantee children, it's also not clear whether doing the procedure in your 20s gives you a significant advantage for a successful pregnancy. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7894970/">Most</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s10815-020-01791-w?sharing_token=5aJMPlNNTd2Lpy55EKMYUfe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY52MkJi-03fy3R8QlAUPDUXI7F-oi_YXVldV0sf3AKhF6vLMpipo1fUorXJhOToCt5qlLs07g20-OrtikK0T3uGl7gWuuwJnFR_oK_wErpuO9oyTnBD-c-caiJgQ7uj3YE%3D">studies</a> compare women in their early 30s with those in their late 30s and early 40s. In those studies, women under 35 tended to have better outcomes than those who froze their eggs at 40 or later. But that doesn't mean earlier is always better. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10342811/">Other</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25881876/">studies</a> have found that there isn't much added benefit to freezing eggs earlier than 30. One 2015 paper looked at the optimal time to freeze eggs among women 25 to 40. It found that freezing your eggs before your 30s didn't generally improve your chances of having a live birth over trying naturally. While egg freezing has the highest chance of success when done before 35, the researchers found the age at which freezing your eggs made the most sense in terms of both viability and cost-effectiveness was 37.</p><p>"I generally recommend women who are considering freezing their eggs do so before the age of 35 if they can," Dr. Geeta Nargund, the medical director of the fertility center ABC IVF, told me. "If there is no medical reason to freeze your eggs in your 20s, I would advise that you would be in a better position to make an informed decision in your early 30s instead, while the chances of success of treatment remain good."</p>          <p>There's also the chance that someone never uses their frozen eggs. In fact, very few women do — only 16% of women who froze their eggs at one London hospital between January 2016 and March 2022 came back to use them, a 2023 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10342811/">study</a> found. It's another reason earlier isn't always better: In your 20s, you still have a lot of runway. The right partner might be around the next corner, and when it comes to conceiving naturally, time is on your side. More women are having children into their late 30s, and if someone reaches that point and still doesn't see kids in their immediate future, there's still time to explore options.</p><p>"A 27-year-old doesn't need to feel like she's left behind or left out because she's not freezing her eggs," Gurtin said. "The reality is, most women, let alone women in their 20s, are not freezing their eggs, don't need to freeze their eggs, and don't need to think about freezing their eggs."</p><p class="drop-cap">Fertility clinics have an obvious business case for trying to convince as many people as possible that egg freezing is something they should do. In a 2020 study, Emily Tiemann, then a regulatory-policy manager at the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority in the UK, dug into the marketing strategies of egg-freezing companies. First, she noticed a significant lack of comprehensive information on egg-freezing sites. Second, she was struck by the language used, which seemed to target young women at a particular stage in their lives. Phrases such as "you haven't found the right partner," "you're waiting for Mr. Right," and "you want to take control of your life" were common, she told me, adding: "The kinds of messages that you wouldn't necessarily think would be on a clinical site that offers medical treatment."</p><p>Since then, marketing toward younger women has amped up. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-fertility-startup-kindbody-began-working-with-employers-2021-6">Kindbody, a venture-backed egg-freezing company</a> that launched its first "boutique" clinic in New York City in 2018, traveled nationwide in 2020 with an Instagram-friendly van providing complimentary hormone tests to check fertility and marketing its services. Another well-known fertility studio, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/egg-freezing-nyc-trellis-fertility-studio-clinic-photos-2018-11">Trellis Health</a>, calls itself "the Equinox of egg freezing," a nod to the $385-a-month luxury gym chain popular among millennials.</p>          <p>Several companies have partnered with social-media stars to leverage their reach. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17851263305348542/?hl=en">Alex Stewart</a>, an influencer who was 35 at the time, was offered a significant discount by the fertility-preservation program Ova to share her experience with her Instagram and podcast audiences. Similarly, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/serenakerrigan/p/C3GWOw5J7_K/">Serena Kerrigan</a>, a 28-year-old content creator, decided to freeze her eggs with Spring Fertility in New York after it approached her for a paid Instagram collaboration. Other companies have targeted women in their 20s, with <a target="_blank" href="https://laivfclinic.com/blog/benefits-of-freezing-my-eggs-in-my-20s/">blog</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@freezebyco/video/7188974362983255342">social-media posts</a> that tout "having children on YOUR time" and say, "Don't feel you have to rush into a relationship this year."</p><p>When Carney began exploring fertility services, she couldn't ignore the targeted ads that followed her everywhere, recalling ones featuring the popular reality-TV star Lala Kent. Carney also documented her own journey on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@brennacarney3/video/7215376131204222254">TikTok</a>.</p><p>Since most women who use their eggs are in their late 30s, clinics make money on the prolonged storage times. "The earlier, the more expensive," as Tiemann put it. In 2022, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fertility-startups-booming-despite-market-downturn-2023-6">fertility-tech startups raised $855 million</a>, according to PitchBook — a significant jump from the $306 million raised in 2017. And in fiscal year 2023, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-kindbody-fertility-startup-raising-30-million-fertility-2024-2">Kindbody</a> grew its revenue by 50% to about $180 million.</p><p>Yoojin Jang, now 32, said she regretted freezing her eggs at 30 in a video posted on her <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLZFj-Fpezg">YouTube</a> channel. The procedure affected her body, she said, causing muscle loss and fat gain. It also influenced her dating life. "Before going on a first date, I would think to myself, 'Is this guy worth the 23 hormone injections that I just had?'" she said, adding: "My standards became ridiculous." She said she wished she had waited until she was 35 and seen where she was in life. In a 2018 survey by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco, one in six women who'd had their eggs frozen reported feeling significant regret.</p><p>Carney has mixed feelings about her procedure. Whether she meets someone in the next few years and gets pregnant naturally or gets a sperm donor to inseminate her eggs down the line, she can't predict the future. In that sense, she doesn't regret her decision to give herself a fighting chance at becoming a mother. But knowing everything she knows now, she wonders about her timing: "I would still do it. I would just wait a little bit longer."</p><p><a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/eve-upton-clark"><em><u>Eve Upton-Clark</u></em></a><em> is a features writer covering culture and society.</em></p>

The problem with the egg-freezing boom

New Delhi, July 10 (IANSlife) Yoga is an ancient method of relaxation, exercise, and healing that has gained a wide following across the world. It rejuvenates the mind, body and soul. It may come as no surprise, then, that yoga may also serve to enhance sexual function.<br /><br />According to a study published online in The Journal of Sexual Medicine (Nov 12, 2009), regular yoga practice improves several aspects of sexual function in women, including desire, arousal, orgasm, and overall satisfaction, points out Dr Arockia Virgin Fernando, Fertility Specialist, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist at Cloudnine Group of Hospitals. The expert shares some benefits of yoga on sex life and during pregnancy.<br /><br />Benefits of Yoga on your Sex life<br /><br />More and more people are discovering the benefits of practicing yoga, from building strength to relieving stress. 40 percent of women with fertility related issues have anxiety, stress or both. Yoga and mindfulness exercises like deep breathing helps in reducing the cortisol levels in our blood which is a marker for stress. High levels of cortisol damages the fine balance between the hormones which control the brain, heart and reproductive system. Many fertility groups who conduct support group meetings to help the anxious couples trying to conceive- have included yoga in their program. It can improve your sex life.<br /><br />Here's how:<br /><br />Yoga can target your sexual zones. Many forms of yoga refer to the root lock "Mula Bandha," which is the root of the spine, the pelvic floor, the perineum. Bringing awareness to these areas in a yoga class will help you be more in touch with them overall and can help you enjoy having sex more. In the challenging physical postures such as downward dog, chatarunga, supta konasana and plow pose, engaging Mula Bandha actually helps lift the pelvic-floor muscles, which increases core strength, which then functions to support and protect the spine. Engaging Mula Bandha can help with balance in postures such as warrior 3 and crow pose.<br /><br />You'll feel better in your skin: Yoga is a series of physical exercises and postures that are geared toward improving one's flexibility, strength and balance. A regular practice helps to strengthen, and tone your body, and all of these will make you feel better about yourself. Improved self-thoughts about your appearance will boost your body confidence and self-esteem. All of these will help you boost your personal life.<br /><br />Yoga helps reduce stress and anxiety: By transferring focus and attention to breathing and the body, yoga can help to lower anxiety and release physical tension. Lower stress levels at the end of the day can lead to feeling better about being with your partner. If you are not worried about other things and feel mentally balanced, you are more likely to want and be able to give to your significant other. It will allow you to relax and enjoy sex, which makes it even better. The calming, toning practice can be a wonderful escape from the stressors of daily life, while increasing your flexibility and strength to boot. This will also bring increased relationship satisfaction along with improvements in sex life and intimacy levels. It brings overall satisfaction, better communication and trust among couples along with the overall reduction in stress and anxiety.<br /><br />Yoga can increase the beta endorphin hormone release from the brain which gives a sense of well-being, improve immunity and prevents infections in turn increasing our reproductive health. With better hormone balance, there is increased sexual desire and reproductive function, also an increase in sperm production.<br /><br />Regular yoga practice may improve the interaction between the brain and the reproductive system in both men and women. There are many positive and negative feedback systems in our reproductive endocrinology and even a subtle imbalance disrupts the whole system.<br /><br />With better hormone balance, there is increased sexual desire and reproductive function, also an increase in sperm production.<br /><br />Yoga indirectly improves the reproductive health by improving immunity and thereby decreasing infections which damages the vaginal, tubal and uterine bacterial flora and thus preventing pregnancy.<br /><br />It increases the success rates of Assisted Reproductive Technologies like In vitro Fertilisation and Intra uterine Insemination by reducing the stress levels; thereby improving ovulation and sperm production.<br /><br />Women with high levels of stress biomarkers like cortisol have less chance of conceiving during ovulation and also an increased risk of miscarriage. Therefore Yoga can play a major role in these people.<br /><br />Breathing, meditation, asanas can reduce pain levels in people suffering from painful periods and pain during sexual intercourse, thus in turn increasing the odds of conception. The beginners should focus on breathing and poses which are comfortable. Above all it is safe. The key is to start slow.<br /><br />Benefits of Yoga during pregnancy<br /><br />Yoga helps you in dealing with the symptoms of pregnancy like morning sickness and mood swings, ensuring smoother and easier delivery, and faster recovery after childbirth. So, if you want to make your pregnancy and childbirth a peaceful and easy journey, you must go for a prenatal yoga class during and after your pregnancy. Look for a prenatal yoga programme where you are comfortable with the activities, style, and the yoga class environment. Always remember doing "Lamaze" which is a simple breathing yoga techniques, it always encourages you to be active throughout your pregnancy and increases your sense of wellbeing.<br /><br />All the exercises should be started pre pregnancy so as to have the best result during pregnancy. Do not start exercise for the first time in the first trimester except the breathing exercises under the supervision and consultation of your gynaecologist/ fertility expert.<br /><br />(Puja Gupta can be contacted at puja.g@ians.in)<br /><br />--IANS<br /><br />pg/tb/

Yoga to improve reproductive, sexual health

<p>On Monday, The leader of Poland's right-wing Law and Justice party Jaroslav Kaczynski and Prime Minister Beata Szyldo announced the members of the new Polish cabinet.</p><p>The new cabinet includes some pretty untraditional characters, <a href="http://qz.com/545032/polands-new-cabinet-includes-a-convict-a-conspiracy-theorist-and-an-anti-ivf-crusader/">detailed in a great profile by Quartz</a>. Among the politicians now in charge of running Poland are an alleged homophobe, a conspiracy theorist, and a convict. Many also have chequered pasts within Polish <keyword id="6358883" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Politics">politics</keyword> and the Law and Justice party.</p><p>Here are some of the strangest characters:</p><h2><strong>Antoni Macierewicz - Defence Minister</strong></h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Antoni Macierewicz of Law and Justice (PiS) party arrives to the headquarters in Warsaw, Poland November 9, 2015.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Macierewicz, who will take up the position of minister of defence, believes that a former Polish president was assassinated, according to Quartz.</p><p>In 2010, Poland's president Lech Kaczynski, along with 96 other Poles, was killed in a plane crash in Russia. The crash was officially deemed to be an accident, but Macierewicz champions the belief that it was <a href="http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/polish-tu-154-crash-russia.html">actually a Russian-led assassination mission.</a></p><p>As well as his belief in conspiracy theories, Macierewicz is a staunch anti-Communist, and while he was deputy defence minister in a previous Law and Justice government, he led a purge of Poland's military intelligence service, removing and publicly outing agents with ties to Moscow.</p><h2>Jaroslaw Gowin - Science and Higher Education Minister</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Dismissed Justice Minister Jaroslaw Gowin leaves a news conference at the ministry headquarters in Warsaw April 29, 2013.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>The man in charge of ensuring that Poland's young adults get a good education once told a group of students in Warsaw that <a href="http://polska.newsweek.pl/gowin--jestem-przeciw-gejowskiej-ideologii--zgadzam-sie-z-walesa,102920,1,1.html">that he was an opponent of "homosexual ideology."</a></p><p>Gowin also opposes the use of in-vitro fertilisation by women. According to Quartz, Gowin once told a Polish newspaper: "A politician must find in himself a love for the people whom he serves. In my case, since I've taken up in vitro, it's love for embryos frozen in nitrogen. I know you think I'm exaggerating, but sometimes I really feel like their foster father."</p><h2>Mariusz Kaminski - Special Service Coordinator</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Mariusz Kaminski, the Chief of the Central Anti Corruption Office (CBA), speaks to the media during a news conference regarding the dismissal of Poland's deputy Prime Minister Andrzej Lepper at the CBA headquarters in Warsaw July 11, 2007.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Kaminski will take charge of the police and intelligence agencies, having previously spent time as the head of Poland's Central Anti-Corruption Bureau.</p><p>In 2007, while holding that post, Kaminski was convicted of abusing his power, <a href="http://www.voanews.com/content/polands-ruling-party-announces-makeup-of-cabinet/3049985.html">according to AP.</a> He was given a three-year suspended prison sentence. He maintains that he is totally innocent and has appealed the decision.</p><p>Beata Szyldo, the new prime minister, doesn't think his conviction is an issue, however. "This does not pose a problem for us; he always fought against corruption," he was quoted by the AP as saying.</p><h2>Zbigniew Ziobro - Justice Minister</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Zbigniew Ziobro  speaks to the media after being expelled from PiS (Law and Justice) Party outside of PiS headquarters in Warsaw November 4, 2011</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>In the previous Law and Justice government between 2005 and 2007, Ziobro also served as justice minister.</p><p><span>Quartz says that on Monday, one Polish investigative journalist called Ziobro a "symbol of the abuse of power in the 2005-07 government."</span></p><p>Other politicians in Law and Justice's cabinet include: Witold Waszczykowski, a pro-American foreign minister; Development Minister Jerzy Kwiecinski; and Culture and National Heritage Minister Piotr Glinski.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bernie-sanders-hugged-a-muslim-student-2015-10">Bernie Sanders hugged a Muslim student onstage and vowed to fight back against Islamophobia</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="lhcXhoeDrF0OTwQmDjBaKTgjgDTGvHaz" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

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