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Anyone following the rhetoric around <keyword id="107950" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Artificial-Intelligence" source="Orion">artificial intelligence</keyword> in recent years has heard one version or another of the cl<keyword id="6355999" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI" source="Orion">ai</keyword>m that AI is inevitable. Common themes are that AI is already here and indispensable, and people who are bearish on it harm themselves. In the business world, AI advocates tell companies and workers that they will fall behind if they fail to integrate generative AI into their operations. In the sciences, AI advocates promise that AI will aid in curing hitherto intractable diseases. In higher education, AI promoters admonish teachers that students must learn how to use AI or risk becoming uncompetitive when it comes time to find a job. In national security, AI's champions say that either the nation invests heavily in AI weaponry, or it will be at a disadvantage against the Chinese and Russians, who are already doing so. The argument across these different domains is essentially the same: The time for AI skepticism has come and gone. The <keyword id="6355118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="technology" source="Orion">technology</keyword> will shape the future, whether you like it or not. You have the choice to learn how to use it or be left out of that future. Anyone trying to stand in the technology's way is as hopeless as the manual weavers who resisted the mechanical looms in the early 19th century. In the past few years, my colleagues and I (Nir Eisikovits, Professor of Philosophy and Director, Applied Ethics Center, UMass Boston) have been studying the ethical questions raised by the widespread adoption of AI, and I believe the inevitability argument is misleading. <h2>History and hindsight</h2> This claim is the most recent version of a deterministic view of technological development. It's the belief that innovations are unstoppable once people start working on them. In other words, some genies don't go back in their bottles. The best you can do is harness them for your good purposes. This deterministic approach to tech has a long history. It's been applied to the influence of the printing press as well as to the rise of automobiles and the infrastructure they require, among other developments. But I believe that when it comes to AI, the technological determinism argument is both exaggerated and oversimplified. <h2>AI in the field(s)</h2> Consider the contention that businesses can't afford to stay out of the AI game. The case has yet to be made that AI is delivering significant productivity gains to the firms that use it. A report in The <keyword id="20856675" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="economist" source="keywords">Economist</keyword> in July 2024 suggests that so far, the technology has had almost no economic impact. AI's role in higher education is also still very much an open question. Though universities have, in the past two years, invested heavily in AI-related initiatives, evidence suggests they may have jumped the gun. The technology can serve as an interesting pedagogical tool. For example, creating a Plato chatbot that lets students have a text conversation with a bot posing as Plato is a cool gimmick. However, AI is already starting to displace some of the best tools teachers have for assessment and for developing critical thinking, such as writing assignments. The college essay is going the way of the dinosaurs as more teachers give up on the ability to tell whether their students are writing their papers themselves. What's the cost-benefit argument for giving up on writing, an important and useful traditional skill? In the sciences and medicine, the use of AI seems promising. Its role in understanding the structure of proteins, for example, will likely be significant for curing diseases. The technology is also transforming medical imaging and has been helpful in accelerating the drug discovery process. But the excitement can become exaggerated. AI-based predictions about which cases of COVID-19 would become severe have roundly failed, and doctors rely excessively on the technology's diagnostic ability, often against their own better clinical judgment. And so, even in this area, where the potential is great, AI's ultimate impact is unclear. In national security, the argument for investing in AI development is compelling. Since the stakes can be high, the argument that if the Chinese and the Russians are developing AI-driven autonomous weapons, the United States can't afford to fall behind has real purchase. But a complete surrender to this form of reasoning, though tempting, is likely to lead the <keyword id="19899807" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="u-s-" source="keywords">U.S.</keyword> to overlook the disproportionate impact of these systems on nations that are too poor to participate in the AI arms race. The major powers could deploy the technology in conflicts in these nations. And, just as significantly, this argument de-emphasizes the possibility of collaborating with adversaries on limiting military AI systems, favoring arms race over arms control.<h2> One step at a time</h2> Surveying the potential significance and risks of AI in these different domains merits some skepticism about the technology. I believe that AI should be adopted piecemeal and with a nuanced approach rather than subject to sweeping claims of inevitability. In developing this careful take, there are two things to keep in mind: -First, companies and entrepreneurs working on artificial intelligence have an obvious interest in the technology being perceived as inevitable and necessary, since they make a living from its adoption. It's important to pay attention to who is making claims of inevitability, and why. -Second, it's worth taking a lesson from recent history. Over the past 15 years, smartphones and the social media apps that run on them have come to be seen as a fact of life - a technology as transformative as it is inevitable. Then data started emerging about the <keyword id="6354774" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mental-health" source="Orion">mental health</keyword> harms they cause teens, especially young girls. School districts across the United States started to ban phones to protect the attention spans and mental health of their students. And some people have reverted to using flip phones as a quality of life change to avoid smartphones. After a long experiment with the mental health of kids, facilitated by claims of technological determinism, Americans changed course. What seemed fixed turned out to be alterable. There is still time to avoid repeating the same mistake with artificial intelligence, which potentially could have larger consequences for society.

Is AI dominance inevitable? A technology ethicist says no, actually

<ul class="summary-list"><li>NASA was originally supposed to help OceanGate build and test a model of its carbon fiber hull.</li><li>But internal NASA emails show that the COVID-19 pandemic shut those plans down. </li></ul>NASA was originally supposed to help OceanGate build the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/titanic-sub-photos-suggest-carbon-fiber-hull-to-blame-expert-says-2023-6">controversial carbon fiber hull</a> for its submersible, but the plan was scrapped because of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to internal emails and a contract obtained by Insider. OceanGate's Titan submarine imploded in June on its way to the Titanic wreckage on the North Atlantic seafloor, killing all five passengers.<a href="https://www.insider.com/stockton-rush-glue-oceangate-titanic-sub-carbon-fiber-hull-2023-7#:~:text=The%20Titan%20sub%20imploded%20last,resulted%20in%20the%20catastrophic%20implosion.">Experts told Insider</a> that photos of the submersible's wreckage indicate the implosion may have been caused by a failure of the sub's experimental carbon fiber hull.OceanGate's use of the material in a submarine hull was new, but dangerous, experts said, since carbon fiber is more likely to succumb to pressure than more commonly-used materials like titanium.OcenGate first announced in a February 2020 press release that NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama would "serve as the facility where the development and manufacturing" of OceanGate's carbon fiber hull would be completed. "This design effort is key to OceanGate completing its latest Cyclops-class submersible that is intended to dive to 6,000 meters (19,800 feet) with five crewmembers on board," the company wrote in the 2020 press release.<h2>Internal emails show NASA's reaction</h2>The contract between NASA and OceanGate, signed in early 2020, specified that NASA would manufacture a scale model of OceanGate's carbon fiber-hulled Titan submersible, and perform "ultrasonic testing" on the model "to ensure quality build," according to a copy of the contract obtained through a public records request.OceanGate, the contract said, would provide carbon fiber material for the model's construction.But after OceanGate's Titan sub got lost at sea in June, NASA staff were left to address the agency's connection to the controversial sub company, according to internal NASA emails obtained by Insider through a public records request. In one email, a NASA staff member wanted to make sure other staff knew that while NASA had originally agreed to help OceanGate build a "scale model" of the hull, it had not agreed to help build the "operational unit" itself. And then, the employee clarified in the email, COVID-19 prevented NASA from ever actually helping OceanGate build or test the scale model. "COVID struck and this activity was not deemed mission critical and personnel were not allowed onsite," the email says. "Oceangate was schedule critical and arranged for commercial entities in their home state of WA to execute the fabrication. While we did provide engineering input Oceangate was the technical authority and made final decisions. We only operated in a consultant role."The employee noted in another email that his last contact with Oceangate was in October 2020.After the Titan sub's implosion and reports of OceanGate's controversial design techniques, other entities like the University of Washington and Boeing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-university-of-washington-deny-helping-design-oceangate-titan-submersible-2023-6">have denied ever helping</a> OceanGate design the sub.A spokesperson for OceanGate declined to comment. A spokesperson for NASA did not immediately return a request for comment.Internally, at least one OceanGate employee <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/oceangate-titan-former-pilot-listed-safety-concerns-titanic-sub-2018-2023-7">raised concerns</a> about the use of carbon fiber in the hull. Former OceanGate pilot David Lochridge wrote in a report shared within the company that he believed the hull could come apart with repeated dives, and that the sub's hull integrity monitoring system would give a pilot only milliseconds of notice before the craft imploded, according to media reports and <a href="https://www.insider.com/titanic-submersible-only-warns-milliseconds-before-hull-failure-fired-executive-2023-6">court filings</a>.Lochridge also called for more testing of the hull before the sub went on deep-sea dives, according to court filings.

NASA was supposed to help test OceanGate's controversial carbon fiber hull, but the plan was scrapped because of COVID-19

Babies born to mothers who suffered from Covid-19 during pregnancy seem to exhibit differences in neurodevelopmental outcomes at six weeks, according to a preliminary analysis. Researchers found that babies born to mothers who had been infected show greater difficulties in relaxing and adapting their bodies when they are being held, when compared to infants from non-infected mothers, especially when infection took place in late pregnancy. Moreover, infants born from infected mothers tend to show greater difficulty in controlling head and shoulder movement. These alterations suggest a possible <keyword id="8764262" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid" source="Orion">Covid</keyword> effect on motor function (movement control). "Not all babies born to mothers infected with Covid show neurodevelopmental differences, but our data shows that their risk is increased in comparison to those not exposed to Covid in the womb. We need a bigger study to confirm the exact extent of the difference," said Dr Rosa Ayesa Arriola from Marques de Valdecilla University Hospital in Santander, Spain. The analysis was presented in the 30th European Congress of Psychiatry held in Budapest. The initial evaluation compared babies born to 21 Covid positive pregnant women and their babies, with 21 healthy controls. The mothers underwent a series of tests, including hormonal and other biochemical tests (measuring such things as cortisol levels, immunological response, etc.) salivary tests, movement responses, and psychological questionnaires during and after pregnancy. The post-natal tests included the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), which measures the baby's movement and behaviour. "We found that certain elements of the NBAS measurement were changed in 6-week-old infants who had been exposed to the SARS-COV-2 virus. Effectively they react slightly differently to being held, or cuddled," said Agueda Castro Quintas from the University of Barcelona. "There is a great need to study both direct and indirect effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of parents and infants. Pregnancy is a period of life which shapes much of our subsequent development, and exposure to adversity in pregnancy can leave long-lasting biological footprints," added Dr Livio Provenzi, from the University of Pavia in Italy, who was not involved in this work. SEE ALSO <a class="tout-title-link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/covid-19-cases-are-on-a-rise-in-india-maharashtra-and-kerala-reporting-the-highest-surge-in-cases/articleshow/92030085.cms">COVID-19 cases are on a rise in India — Maharashtra and Kerala reporting the highest surge in cases</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/why-a-rate-hike-is-not-all-bad-news-for-you-and-how-you-can-take-advantage-of-rising-interest-rates/articleshow/92029328.cms">Why a rate hike is not all bad news for you – and how you can take advantage of rising interest rates</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/personalities/news/azim-premji-and-shiv-nadar-lose-20-billion-of-their-personal-wealth-thanks-to-the-great-indian-it-meltdown/articleshow/91988793.cms">Azim Premji and Shiv Nadar lose $20 billion of their personal wealth – thanks to the Great Indian IT meltdown</a>

Babies exposed to Covid in womb at risk of neurodevelopmental changes

Geneva [Switzerland], August 19 (ANI): World Health Organization (WHO) designated <keyword id="18456567" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid-19-variant-ba-2-86" source="Orion">COVID-19 variant BA.2.86</keyword> as a 'variant under monitoring' due to the large number of mutations it carries. The WHO said on Friday that they are tracking 3 variants of interest and 7 variants under monitoring at the moment. "WHO continues to call for better surveillance, sequencing, and reporting of #COVID19 as this virus continues to circulate and evolve," the WHO said in a tweet. Who further stated that it needed more data to understand this COVID19 variant and the extent of its spread, but the number of mutations warrants attention. Recently, the latest variant, EG.5 (also known as Eris), has grabbed the attention of public health experts around the world and is becoming a dominant strain in countries including the United States and Britain. The variant is causing about 17 per cent of the new Covid-19 cases in the country compared to 16 per cent for the next most common lineage, XBB.1.16, according to the latest estimates from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CNN reported. The new variant is a spinoff of the XBB recombinant strain of the Omicron family. According to the WHO, all viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, change over time. Most changes have little to no impact on the virus's properties. However, some changes may affect the virus's properties, such as how easily it spreads, the associated disease severity, or the performance of vaccines, therapeutic medicines, diagnostic tools, or other public health and social measures. In June 2020, the WHO Virus Evolution Working Group was established with a specific focus on SARS-CoV-2 variants, their phenotype and their impact on countermeasures. This later became the Technical Advisory Group on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Evolution. In late 2020, the emergence of variants that posed an increased risk to global public health prompted WHO to characterize some as variants of interest (VOIs) and variants of concern (VOCs) to prioritize global monitoring and research and to inform and adjust the COVID-19 response. From May 2021 onwards, WHO began assigning simple, easy-to-say labels for key variants. Considerable progress has been made in establishing and strengthening a global system to detect signals of potential VOIs or VOCs and rapidly assess the risk posed by SARS-CoV-2 variants to public health. It remains critical that these systems are maintained, and data are shared, according to good principles and in a timely fashion, as SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate at high levels around the world. While monitoring the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 globally, it also remains essential to monitor their spread in animal populations and chronically infected individuals, which are crucial aspects of the global strategy to reduce the occurrence of mutations that have negative public health implications. In March 2023, WHO updated its tracking system and working definitions for variants of concern, variants of interest and variants under monitoring, as per WHO. (ANI)

WHO designates Covid's BA.2.86 as 'variant under monitoring'

<ul><li>The survey conducted among MSMEs during and post the lockdown period delves into major problems faced by entrepreneurs .</li><li>This study shows that of those surveyed only 31 per cent were aware of schemes launched under the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiative.</li><li>The study was conducted over 2020 and 2021 in two rounds, each across 1955 micro businesses.</li></ul> A study on the impact of Covid-19 on microbusinesses in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> has found that nearly 40 per cent of them were denied loans (both formal/informal) as they did not have sufficient collateral or lacked positive credit history. According to non-profit organisation '<keyword id="6815383" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="global-alliance-for-mass-entrepreneurship" source="Orion">Global Alliance for Mass Entrepreneurship</keyword>' (GAME), which conducted the study, 21 per cent of the microbusinesses lacked requisite documentation for the application. The report, titled '<keyword id="15622525" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="road-to-recovery-examining-the" source="Orion">Road to Recovery: Examining the</keyword> impact of Covid-19 on microbusinesses in India', released recently, is a nationwide study on how the Indian MSME (micro, small and medium enterprises) sector managed the pandemic period lockdowns, GAME said. The survey conducted among MSMEs during and post the lockdown period delves into major problems faced by entrepreneurs regarding financial impact, business confidence, and stress management, it said. The study conducted over 2020 and 2021 in two rounds, each across 1955 micro businesses, pointed out that over 50 per cent of enterprises reported having no coping strategies or mechanisms to cushion the pandemic's impact, GAME said in a statement. GAME Founder, Ravi <keyword id="205709" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="venkatesan" source="Orion">Venkatesan</keyword> said there is a dire need for building adequate knowledge of bank managers, field officers, and banking correspondents on bank and government schemes. This study shows that of those surveyed only 31 per cent were aware of schemes launched under the 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' initiative, he said. "As part of the package, financial institutions introduced a credit product for MSMEs whose loan accounts were categorised as special mention accounts by lending institutions. While this was created to support MSMEs unable to repay loans, similarly, financial solutions can be created to encourage business modifications as a response to external challenges", Venkatesan said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-may-produce-alternative-smartphones-to-compete-with-apple-android/articleshow/95780494.cms">Elon Musk may produce 'alternative' smartphones to compete with Apple, Android</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/india-sees-a-single-day-rise-of-new-389-coronavirus-infections-tally-rises-to-530608/articleshow/95779680.cms">India sees a single-day rise of new 389 coronavirus infections, tally rises to 5,30,608</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/centre-releases-17000-cr-as-gst-compensation-to-states/uts/articleshow/95768144.cms">Centre releases ₹17,000 cr as GST compensation to States/UTs</a>

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Is AI dominance inevitable? A technology ethicist says no, actually

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NASA was supposed to help test OceanGate's controversial carbon fiber hull, but the plan was scrapped because of COVID-19

Grace Eliza Goodwin,Katherine…

Babies exposed to Covid in womb at risk of neurodevelopmental changes

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WHO designates Covid's BA.2.86 as 'variant under monitoring'

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Over 50% of microbusinesses had no mechanisms to cushion Covid impact, Road to Recovery report says

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