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New Delhi, Apr 7 () Food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty may escalate, particularly among marginalised people in the developing world due to the rapid spread of coronavirus, a latest report by International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) said on Tuesday. IFPRI in the 2020 Global Food System report said policymakers must focus on building a more resilient, climate-smart, inclusive and healthy food systems that can help people withstand these types of shocks. Worldwide, more than 13 lakh people have been infected by coronavirus since its outbreak in China in December last year, while more than 70,000 have died including over 50,000 in Europe and more than 10,000 in the US. In India, there are 4,421 confirmed cases with 114 deaths so far. "The spread of COVID-19 has highlighted how vulnerable we all can be to global shocks," IFPRI Director General Johan Swinnen said. He said food systems provide opportunities to improve food and nutrition security, generate income, and drive inclusive economic growth, but even in prosperous times many people are deprived of these benefits. "Greater inclusivity in food systems is not a panacea for this or any other crisis, but it is a critical part of strengthening our resilience. "Times of crises also offer opportunities for change and it is essential that we act now so that everyone, especially the most vulnerable, can recover from the COVID-19 shock and be prepared to withstand future shocks," he said. The report highlighted the central role that inclusive food systems play in meeting global goals to end poverty, hunger, malnutrition and offered recommendations for making food systems more inclusive for four marginalized groups – smallholders, women, youth, and conflict-affected people. The report observed that national food systems across the developing world are already transforming rapidly, creating challenges and opportunities to make them more inclusive to all these groups. Case studies of these transformations in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Vietnam provide useful examples of the drivers and components of change, as well as the promising entry points for actions that can increase inclusion, it said. "Approaches to food system transformation must be country specific, as each country's food system is unique," said John McDermott, director of the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health. Governments can foster these inclusive food systems by enacting laws, policies, and regulations that provide basic infrastructure, create the right market incentives, promote inclusive agribusiness models and leverage the potential of digital technology, the report said. Additionally, investments in human capital in areas such as secure land tenure rights, improved access to information, and stronger social protections can lower the barriers to participation that many marginalized groups face, it added. LUX SHW DRRDRR

COVID-19: Food insecurity, malnutrition, poverty may escalate in developing world says IFPRI

<ul><li>India’s has the disturbing distinction of having the highest number of stunted children. </li><li>The government has launched a scheme to combat undernutrition in the country. </li><li>But the scheme must provide for women’s well-being, says a study.</li></ul>India has the dubious distinction of ranking number one when it comes to the number of children exhibiting stunted growth. The condition is caused by chronic undernutrition in children in their most formative years - from the start of pregnancy to the age of two. According to a report released by <a href="http://unicef.in/Whatwedo/10/Stunting" data-type="tilCustomLink">UNICEF</a> last year, a staggering 38 percent of children in India, younger than five years, are stunted. Stunted children are quick to contract illnesses and disease and easily succumb to them. It is also associated with an underdeveloped brain that leads to reduced mental ability and thereby resulting in a domino effect of poor learning capacity, poor performance in school, lower earnings and they are eventually more susceptible to chronic nutrition-related diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. A new study by the <a href="https://www.ifpri.org/country/india" data-type="tilCustomLink">International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)</a> centred around understanding the geographical burden of stunting in India reveals that for the country to effectively combat stunting, the government must focus on women’s well-being and education. Low body mass index (19%) and education (12%) in women contributed to almost three-fourths of the differences in childhood stunting between low and high burden in Indian districts. Other factors contributing to this difference include adequate diet for children (9%), assets (7%), open defecation (7%), age at marriage (7%), antenatal care (6%), and household size (5%). The <keyword id="6557928" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="ifpri">IFPRI</keyword> study is based on the recently-released <keyword id="6557929" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="national-and-family-health-survey">National and Family Health Survey</keyword> (2015–2016) that covered 601,509 households in 640 districts. The researchers studied the determinants of stunting across the country’s diverse states and districts. The number of stunting cases varies substantially across districts. 239 of 640 districts have stunting levels above 40% whereas 202 have recorded 30–40% stunting in children. Districts with high numbers are heavily clustered in the north and centre of the country. 
	
	
	
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 Source: Understanding the geographical burden of stunting in India: A regression-decomposition analysis of district-level data from the 2015–16; Authors: Purnima Menon, <keyword id="6557927" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="derek-headey">Derek Headey</keyword>, Rasmi Avula, and Phuong Hong Nguyen In order to address the problem of malnutrition, the government has launched a scheme called POSHAN (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nutrition) Abhiyan or <keyword id="1577971" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Nutrition-Mission">National Nutrition Mission</keyword> with a three year budget of Rs. 9046.17 crore (approx. $1.3 billion) commencing from 2017-18. This study aims to help the government prioritise actions to combat undernutrition by improving the socioeconomic, nutritional and health status of girls and women. The study suggests that the POSHAN mission will work if the government applies a district-wise targeted method to improve in women’s health, women’s education and women’s access to antenatal care and other services. According to Derek Headey, co-author of this study, “Our study highlights, yet again, the importance of gender-related factors, especially in South Asia. Any efforts to address stunting in high burden districts in India that do not explicitly consider the multiple ways in which women’s status and poverty play out, will likely fall short.”

Lack of focus on women’s well-being, education is leading to stunted growth in India’s children

India has emerged as the world’s fastest growing economy. However, Asia’s third largest economy just ranked 97th among 118 countries in the Global Hunger Index (GHI) released by the <keyword id="108578" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="International-Food-Policy-Research-Institute">International Food Policy Research Institute</keyword> (<keyword id="6557928" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="ifpri">IFPRI</keyword>). This puts the country behind even <keyword id="6354759" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</keyword>, <keyword id="41896" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Iran">Iran</keyword>, <keyword id="6355112" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Iraq">Iraq</keyword>, and <keyword id="6354767" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nigeria">Nigeria</keyword> in the hunger map. 
 
India’s policy addressing hunger and malnutrition in all age groups has a feast of questions and a famine of answers. India’s hunger, being worse than any sub-Saharan country, needs crisis management and a long term vision. 
 
<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Excise-duty-in-cigarette-hiked-Tobacco-farmers-in-india-are-struggling-to-make-ends-meet/articleshow/56872791.cms">ALSO READ: Excise duty in cigarette hiked. Tobacco farmers in India are struggling to make ends meet</a> 
 Be it <keyword id="4227644" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="manohar-das">Manohar Das</keyword> of <keyword id="4227647" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="tewri">Tewri</keyword> village in <keyword id="6360371" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</keyword>, who works in hundred days of wage-employment or <keyword id="4227646" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="shib-baksha">Shib Baksha</keyword> of <keyword id="4227645" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="amlasol">Amlasol</keyword> village in <keyword id="61773" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="West-Midnapore">West Midnapore</keyword> district of <keyword id="6357783" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="West-Bengal">West Bengal</keyword>, who works as contract labour at nearby village, the thin line that connects them is the ignorance about ‘<keyword id="2209492" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Modi-Sarkar">Modi Sarkar</keyword>’. The only thing they understand by the government is getting staples at Rs 2/kg and free goodies. However, staples alone can’t fulfill nutritional needs, as a result they end up with stunted growth and other diseases. Not everyone is as lucky as them. Their neighbours, unable to procure <keyword id="49514" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="bpl">BPL</keyword> (below poverty level) identity cards and Ration Cards aren’t entitled to these basic facilities and have to starve most of the days. Only feast they can think of is ant eggs roast during the scorching summer months. 
 
 
 
India’s overall GDP growth is expected to end at <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Excise-duty-in-cigarette-hiked-Tobacco-farmers-in-india-are-struggling-to-make-ends-meet/articleshow/56872791.cms">7.1% this financial year</a>, as compared to 4.6% two years back. While food still counts as the basic requirement of human existence, India is a country that not only produces enough, but ironically, there is never enough for its ever growing population to eat. Funnily, while millions go hungry, for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Excise-duty-in-cigarette-hiked-Tobacco-farmers-in-india-are-struggling-to-make-ends-meet/articleshow/56872791.cms">India storage of surplus food</a> has always been a problem. 
 
 
 
India’s hunger-management disaster 
While development in many sectors is acknowledged, what is lesser known is that India has also made considerable progress on many social fronts, such as fertility decline, expansion of schooling and bridging the gender gap in education, especially at the primary and lower secondary levels. However, there is one <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Excise-duty-in-cigarette-hiked-Tobacco-farmers-in-india-are-struggling-to-make-ends-meet/articleshow/56872791.cms">area of human development</a>, where India has been a disaster: tackling hunger and malnutrition. 
 
Child malnutrition rates in India are extraordinarily high- among the highest in the world, with nearly one-half of all children under 3 years of age being either underweight or stunted. Indeed, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/Excise-duty-in-cigarette-hiked-Tobacco-farmers-in-india-are-struggling-to-make-ends-meet/articleshow/56872791.cms">child malnutrition rates </a>are higher in India than in many countries of sub-Saharan <keyword id="12925" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="Africa">Africa</keyword>, even though income levels are significantly higher and levels of infant and child mortality are lower in India. 
 
 
 
Pediatric malnutrition Prevalence of child malnutrition in India has remained stubbornly high even after nearly a half-century of respectable agricultural productivity growth and two decades of post-reform economic growth and prosperity in the country. Adding more support to the view that child malnutrition is weakly correlated with income is the finding that among children of mothers with 10 or more years of schooling as well as mothers from the top income quintile, around one-quarter are underweight. Even in a relatively prosperous and dynamic state like <keyword id="6354766" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gujarat">Gujarat</keyword>, child malnutrition rates have been stagnant over the past decade. 
 
<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/heres-how-indepay-is-making-rural-india-cashless/articleshow/57232771.cms">ALSO READ: HOW INDEPAY IS MAKING RURAL INDIA CASHLESS</a> 
 The <keyword id="121300" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Family-Health-Survey">National Family Health Survey</keyword> (NFHS) found that a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/heres-how-indepay-is-making-rural-india-cashless/articleshow/57232771.cms">significant number of adults</a> in India suffer from malnutrition. Almost 58 per cent of pregnant women aged 15-49 were found to be anaemic. The Global Food Security Index also revealed that Indians lack adequate quantities of iron, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/heres-how-indepay-is-making-rural-india-cashless/articleshow/57232771.cms">Vitamin A and protein in their diets</a>. 
 
 
 
“Half of the children who die before five years of age have malnutrion as a cause in their pathogenesis. If we look at proportion of weight at birth, 23 per cent of children weigh less than 2.5 kg, which is below normal. This low birth weight has its reason in the womb, which is where they are malnourished already before being born. Low birth weight increases over time and so by the time they are three-years-old, half the children are malnourished. Because of poor sanitation we have widespread <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/heres-how-indepay-is-making-rural-india-cashless/articleshow/57232771.cms">faecal oral contamination</a>. Water and food sources have high degrees of contamination and it results in diarrhoea and other gastro intestinal illnesses, which increases the child mortality rate,” said renowned public health specialist and activist Dr <keyword id="43944" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Binayak-Sen">Binayak Sen</keyword>. 
 
 
 
State of famine 
In 1943, three million people died in the infamous <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/author_articles_all.cms?query=%22Suchayan%20Mandal%22&amp;author=Suchayan-Mandal-479239841">Bengal famine</a>. There was no shortage of grain in <keyword id="6356978" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bengal">Bengal</keyword> at that time, yet people had nothing to eat. Interpreting the Famine of 1943,<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/author_articles_all.cms?query=%22Suchayan%20Mandal%22&amp;author=Suchayan-Mandal-479239841"> Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen </a>suggested that the reason for it was the breakdown of the social arrangement in distributing food. To put the matter in a world context, every three seconds somewhere around the world, a child dies of causes related to avoidable malnutrition. "In those three seconds, the world armaments industry spends 120,000 USD in order to keep the system responsible safely in place,” Binayak Sen told <keyword id="824043" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Business-Insider">Business Insider</keyword>. 
 
 
 
Ignorant policies that do the most harm Skyrocketing prices of daily food items spell more woe for the people, who are already paying "too much" to survive. International Fund for Agricultural Development’s (<keyword id="1367836" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="IFAD">IFAD</keyword>) Rural Poverty Report-2011 states, “While international food prices have declined since mid-2008, they are still substantially higher than prior to the price surge, and they are likely to remain at 2010 levels or higher for the next decade.” The report has suggested that about 100 million of world’s rural and urban people have to remain hungry. 
 “It will remain high, the era of cheap food is over," said <keyword id="669006" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Richard-Mahapatra">Richard Mahapatra</keyword>, managing editor of Down to <keyword id="6359982" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="earth">Earth</keyword>. "This is because productivity of agriculture is low and thus impacts production. This is the supply side issue. Also the rainfed areas that contribute a signifcant amount of foodgrain is not getting the policy focus. Even though the new second Green <keyword id="24385" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="revolution">Revolution</keyword> is aimed at that, it seems to be flawed. Now, the demand side. Demand is increasing but we don't have robust distribution mechanism. So, it creates further price rise. Also, there is huge diversion of agricultural lands to other uses. Combined with low productivity, less lands and absence of distribution mechanism, we are set for high price rise.” 
 Due to the PDS (<keyword id="89442" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Public-distribution-system">Public Distribution System</keyword>) and the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/author_articles_all.cms?query=%22Suchayan%20Mandal%22&amp;author=Suchayan-Mandal-479239841">public wage programmes</a> starvation deaths have definitely come down, he contended. Often we call cheap food grain programmes as populist. They are indeed popular as poor find them useful and their starvation is avoided with this entitlement. 
 
 
 
Adult malnutrition 
“Roughly 33-35 per cent of the entire Indian population have a BMI below 18.5, which is indicative of calorie malnutrition. They aren't getting enough food to eat. More than one-third of India is on a chronic basis not getting proper food to eat. Low BMI is also restricting people’s immunity,” said Binayak Sen. 
 “Without addressing nutritional status, there can be no adequate development. Food Security Act does nothing for betterment of nutritional status of the poeple as such. <keyword id="250148" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="The-Bill">The Bill</keyword> is like 'something is better than nothing'. Five kilos of wheat per person per month make two chapattis per day. With two chapatis the nutritional question isn’t answered. This terrible nutritional deficit is yielding polarization in society,” he added. 
 
Urban malnutrition 
In villages, people stay in close bond with each other, who can be approached for help in <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/author_articles_all.cms?query=%22Suchayan%20Mandal%22&amp;author=Suchayan-Mandal-479239841">times of crisis</a>. Migrating people in cities start living in slums and ghettos, where they have to live with people unknown and untrustworthy. Moreover, people fight here to make ends meet, which actually leads to self-centric attitude. 
 
Red corridor hunger 
“People who are in chronic situation and stable famine are able to withstand only because of their access to natural resources like land, water and forest," opined Binayak Sen. "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/author_articles_all.cms?query=%22Suchayan%20Mandal%22&amp;author=Suchayan-Mandal-479239841">Access to this resources was unrestricted</a>. Designating the common properties as commodities that can be owned by corporates is restricting poeple’s right to access and in a way right to live. Any form of resistance is labelled as insurgency. First they try civil ways and then take recourse in military measures. People have to confront. Application of eminent domain needs to be questioned. Under 5th schedule, govt has to ensure people’s access to natural resources but there is not a single instances of government intervening.” 
 
“They have mapped it as red corridor but poeple’s deprivation hasn't been mapped yet," said Sen. 
 
"We need to relook at the arm forces and UAPA laws. Whole discourse in election has become restricted to attitudes to development. Development is about accessing resources. Nobody is saying there are vital issues involved. What is going to happen to the poeple whose right has been denied? State will not be thwarted in its course. There needs to be a contestaion in the level of people. They need to raise the issue.” 
 
Business Insider’s Take 
Agriculture contributes around 16 per cent to<a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/author_articles_all.cms?query=%22Suchayan%20Mandal%22&amp;author=Suchayan-Mandal-479239841"> India’s GDP</a>; it is coming down over the years. But still 60 per cent people depend on this. What does this mean? Is it that it is reliable as a source of livelihood or people don't have any other source thus depend on agriculture? In both the cases, shifting people out of agriculture is going to be a tough challenge. Industries or the service sectors have their own limitation and can't absorb such a huge number of people. Strategically, this will be a blunder as we kill out food self-sufficiency.

BI Investigation: India’s food nightmare is killing millions of
children across the country every day

A recent <keyword id="19918794" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="icmr" source="keywords">ICMR</keyword> report highlighting the many evils of <keyword id="21839065" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ultra-processed-food" source="keywords">ultra processed food</keyword> sent news channels across the country into a frenzy of publishing fear-mongering articles. Like all those self-proclaimed ‘experts’ and dieticians with questionable certifications using Instagram to scream into our faces about how everything we were feeding ourselves was going to dole us an untimely death weren’t enough. In light of these developments and fresh food getting increasingly more expensive, how is the working-class Indian supposed to feed themselves? As the cost of living continues to surge, families around the globe are feeling the pinch in their pockets. From housing to healthcare, every aspect of our financial lives is under scrutiny. Yet, perhaps one of the most telling impacts of this crisis is the subtle shift in our grocery shopping habits, particularly when it comes to fresh produce. Amidst these tightening purse strings and pressure to eat clean and healthy, a trip to the grocery shop is akin to carefully picking your way through a minefield. And I, for one, would be lying if I said that all of this wasn’t frustrating me. An IFPRI report revealed that nutrient-rich foods like fruits and vegetables are significantly more expensive than calorie-dense, processed options. And this is leading to a rather large sect of the population unable to meet the recommended <keyword id="21129270" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="dietary-guidelines" source="keywords">dietary guidelines</keyword>. While this is a huge problem that needs to be addressed from multiple fronts, a more accessible alternative to farm-fresh veggies and fruits might be hiding in plain sight: frozen foods. Often overlooked in favour of their fresh counterparts, frozen foods offer a convenient and cost-effective solution. We know what you’re thinking. Some @healthy_eats_with_champa advised you against eating frozen food because they don’t have the same nutritional value as ‘fresh’ food. However, contrary to popular belief, frozen fruits and vegetables can retain higher levels of certain nutrients, such as vitamin C and E, owing to their rapid freezing process. In fact, freezing not only preserves nutritional quality but also extends shelf life, reducing the risk of food waste — another concern that weighs heavily on environmentally conscious consumers. With a little foresight and preparation, surplus garden produce can be transformed into a freezer bounty, ready to elevate your culinary creations. Furthermore, another viable option that is oft painted in a negative light, canned fruits and vegetables, can also suit budget-conscious shoppers. Despite undergoing the canning process, which entails cooking, these pantry staples remain a reliable source of essential nutrients. To mitigate nutrient loss, consider adding canned vegetables towards the end of the cooking process, ensuring maximum retention of their nutritional value. For those seeking to diversify their palate while reaping the nutritional benefits, fermented foods offer a tantalising solution. Beyond their tangy flavours and crunchy textures, fermented vegetables harbour a wealth of probiotics, invaluable for nurturing a <keyword id="22031830" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="healthy-gut-microbiome" source="keywords">healthy gut microbiome</keyword>. In the face of economic uncertainty, the quest for nutritious yet affordable meals need not be an insurmountable challenge. By embracing the versatility of frozen, canned, and fermented produce, individuals can navigate the cost of living crisis without compromising on their health and well-being. So, the next time you find yourself perusing the aisles of the supermarket, consider the wealth of options available beyond the gleam of fresh produce. After all, a balanced diet is not a privilege but a fundamental right for all.

Buying frozen and canned produce could actually help working Indians eat more nutritional meals!

<ul><li>India’s child nutrition program may have left out women and poor from the benefits under <keyword id="481348" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Integrated-Child-Development-Services">Integrated Child Development Services</keyword> (ICDS). </li><li>India is home to almost 31% of world’s stunted children with 46.6 million stunted children recorded last year, as per the Global Nutrition Report. </li><li>The program was particularly lagging in ‘high malnutrition’ states — Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.</li></ul>A government-run program to curb undernutrition in India may have <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/indias-child-nutrition-programme-excludes-poorest-households-study/articleshow/68196603.cms">left out</a> less educated women and poorest households from accessing benefits of the nutrition program, according to a recent study conducted by researchers at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Launched in 1975, the program — Integrated Child Development Services — gained momentum in the country from 2006 to 2016. Overall, the program aims to foster children under the age of six years and pregnant and lactating women, providing food, education and healthcare facilities. With alarming levels of undernutrition in India, the program plays a key role — in 2015 it served an estimated 102 million women and children in the country. However, the study has shown that the program, initially aimed at disadvantaged castes and tribes, lagged in <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/fewer-gains-for-child-nutrition-plan-in-up-bihar-study-119022800193_1.html">high malnutrition states</a> of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Worryingly, it revealed that pregnant women with low education received far fewer services compared to other people. The study’s authors point to logistical challenges to reach these communities. "Even in better performing states, exclusion of poor could be due to challenges of reaching remote areas, despite attempts to close district-wise equity gaps or local challenges of exclusion within villages due to caste or location-based exclusion," research co-author Kalyani Raghunathan said in a statement to IANS. The study found improvement in the program’s services in four key areas — supplementary food, health and nutrition education, health check-up, and child-specific services. Childhood supplementary food service growth saw a jump of eight percentage points from 2006 to 2016. The program covered more than 50% in the central and southern states of Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. India is home to<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/one-third-of-the-worlds-stunted-children-live-in-india/articleshow/66875512.cms"> almost 31%</a> of world’s stunted children at 46.6 million stunted children recorded last year, as per Global Nutrition Report. The study was the first to do an in-depth analysis on a national scale, study researcher Arindam Nandi<a href="http://v"> reportedly </a>said. With inputs from IANS See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/one-third-of-the-worlds-stunted-children-live-in-india/articleshow/66875512.cms">India has over 46 million stunted children — that's more than the population of Australia and Sri Lanka put together</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/half-of-childhood-cancer-cases-go-undiagnosed-says-a-lancet-study/articleshow/68195268.cms">Half of childhood cancer cases go undiagnosed, says a Lancet study</a>

India left out women from its largest child nutrition program: Study

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ifpri/6169707470/">flickr/IFPRI</a></div></div></div>US crude oil inventories fell last week after a climb for two straight weeks.The latest <a href="http://www.eia.gov/petroleum/supply/weekly/">data</a> from the Energy Information Administration showed a fall in stockpiles by 4.3 million barrels in the week ending July 10.This brought the total number of barrels to 461.4 million, maintaining them at a level not seen in the last 80 years.In the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/us-crude-oil-inventories-july-8-2015-7">prior week</a>, inventories climbed by 384,000 barrels.Shortly after the release, West Texas Intermediate crude oil fell slightly to around $52.17 per barrel, down more than 1%. Oil prices have zigzagged this week, but fell more than 2% on Tuesday after news of the Iran nuclear deal crossed, with some watchers concerned about a flood of exports to the market.More to come ...

US oil inventories fall after a two-week build

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/StringerPeople play with pigeons at a park in Wuhan, Hubei province, April 10, 2013.</div></div></div>Can money buy <keyword id="6358439" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="happiness">happiness</keyword>? If the Chinese growth story is to be believed, the answer is no. 
Despite their per capita <keyword id="47201" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="income">income</keyword> being nearly 20 times what it was in the late '80's, the Chinese have experienced a decline in life satisfaction.
<keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword>'s growth model has not been completely "happy," according to <a href="http://papers.nber.org/tmp/49245-w19648.pdf">the Oxford Companion to the Economics of China ,write</a> Shenggen Fan of the IFPRI, Ravi Kanbur of Cornell University, Shang-Jin Wei of Columbia University and Xiaobo Zhang of Peking University. 

They believe there are four reasons for this: 
1. The relative wealth effect: 
As income increases, people's aspiration primes to a new target. Relative deprivation is a widespread phenomenon. For example, when seeing neighbors suddenly getting rich, one may feel relatively deprived and less happy even though his own income does not change at all."
2. While the Chinese economy has done well overall, there is a large rural-urban gap in income:
"The large rural-urban gap in income and access to public service has been a defining feature of the contemporary Chinese economy, generating a major source of resentment for rural residents. Although during the reform period, health indicators have improved, their rural-urban gap has widened."
3. The higher education gap between rural and urban populations has widened:
"Thanks to the nine-year mandatory education law introduced in 1986, illiteracy rate has largely been eliminated in both rural and urban areas (Li, entry in this volume). However, the access to higher education has widened. In the late 1970s, most of the college students came from rural areas. However, the share of rural student dropped to only 10% in elite universities in recent years. There is an emerging trend that many rich families send their children abroad for college, even high school education. The number of studying abroad has increased at an annual rate of 25% in the past decade. Of course, the share of studying abroad among rural families was much lower than their urban counterparts."
4. The state of the environment hasn't helped: 
"Some undesirable outcomes of growth negatively affect people's life satisfaction. Environment problems and food safety are now among the top concerns of urban residents. The heavy smog in Beijing in early 2013 highlighted the seriousness of the problem. The pollution index in Beijing exceeded the safety threshold for 19 days out of 31 days (Washington Post, 2013). Two Chinese cities command the top spots in the lists of the world's ten most polluted places. Air pollution has become a national problem."
<a href="http://papers.nber.org/tmp/49245-w19648.pdf">Read the entire paper at NBER »</a>

Becoming Richer Hasn't Made China Much Happier

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Stocks went nowhere, but still made a record high, on Thursday in a session that saw the averages rally early before selling off to trade nearly unchanged. The big story on Thursday was oil, which continued its recent tumble, falling below $75 for the first time since 2011. 
First, the scoreboard:
<ul>
<li>Dow: 17,640.2, +28, (+0.1%)</li>
<li>S&amp;P 500: 2,039, +1, (+0.05%)</li>
<li>Nasdaq: 4,676.3, +1.1, (+0.02%)</li>
</ul>
And now, the top stories on Thursday:
1. Crude oil got <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/crude-oil-tumbles-november-13-2014-11">completely slammed</a>. Again. West Texas Intermediate crude fell more than 3.5% on Thursday to well below $75 a barrel, its lowest level since 2011. WTI crude is now down about 30% from its highs earlier this summer, and in a note to clients <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/brent-crude-will-drop-to-70-2014-11">economists at Capital Economics</a> wrote that they expect Brent crude prices (which are used as the global benchmark and are currently around $78), to fall to $70 a barrel by 2016, four years earlier than the firm had expected. 
2. The latest report on <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/weekly-initial-jobless-claims-nov-13-2014-11">weekly jobless claims</a> showed claims rose about 12,000 last week to 290,000, though this level is still near 13-year lows. Following the report, Ian Shepherdson at Pantheon Macro said that, "absent any shove from tighter policy, claims can remain close to their current trend for an extended period." 
3. The BLS also released its latest Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey, or <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/jolts-report-november-13-2014-11">JOLTS report</a>, which showed there were slightly fewer job openings in September than in August, though job openings are still near multi-year highs. The biggest piece of data from the report, however, was the quits rate, which showed a 2% quit rate from workers in September, up from 1.8% the previous month. The report showed 2.8 million workers left their job during September, which a number of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/markets-chart-of-the-day-november-13-2014-11">Wall Street economists</a> took as a positive sign for the labor market, with the idea being that workers are more likely to leave their job if they are confident they can find another one. 
4. New York Stock Exchange legend Art Cashin <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/art-cashin-traders-are-passing-around-singers-letter-2014-11">highlighted comments</a> from hedge fund manager Paul Singer in his morning note on Thursday, including Singer's recent commentary that "There is a current set of delusions that is powerful and dangerous: that monetary debasement can be infinitely pursued without consequences." The New York Times' Paul Krugman <a href="http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/rage-of-the-traders/?module=BlogPost-Title&amp;version=Blog%20Main&amp;contentCollection=Opinion&amp;action=Click&amp;pgtype=Blogs&amp;region=Body">isn't so sure.</a> 
5. Warren Buffett is <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/berkshire-hathaway-acquiring-duracell-2014-11">buying batteries</a>. Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway announced on Thursday that it would acquire the Duracell brand from Procter &amp; Gamble, with P&amp;G getting $4.7 billion worth of its own shares currently held by Berkshire. The deal is expected to close in the second half of next year. 
6. DreamWorks Animation shares <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dreamworks-shares-rise-on-hasbro-deal-talks-2014-11">gained more than 10%</a> on Thursday after reports from both Deadline.com and The New York Times said the company is in talks with Hasbro regarding a potential deal. But Business Insider's Kirsten Acuna, highlighting comments from analysts at Sterne Agee, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/hasbro-and-dreamworks-animation-merger-makes-no-sense-2014-11">reported</a> that some in the investment community don't think the deal makes any sense. Hasbro shares fell more than 4% following the news. 
7. Twitter shares fell more than 5% on Thursday, retracing most of their gains from Wednesday, as S&amp;P <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/sp-twitter-credit-rating-bb--november-13-2014-11">assigned</a> the company's debt a 'BB-' rating, which is considered "speculative grade" or "junk" by the bond market. 
8. Apple shares gained more than 1% on Thursday, rising to a new <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/apple-has-rocketed-to-a-new-all-time-high-market-valuation-2014-11">all-time high</a> and pushing its market cap to its highest-ever level of $663.2 billion. 
9. Alibaba <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/alibaba-to-issue-bonds-2014-11">disclosed</a> that it plans to sell debt to US investors, in a deal that Bloomberg said could be worth $8 billion. 
10. Baker Hughes shares exploded higher late in the day Thursday after a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/report-halliburton-considering-buying-baker-hughes-2014-11">report from The Wall Street Journal</a> said Halliburton is in talks to acquire its oil-field services rival. The report made no mention of a potential price, but shares of Baker Hughes, which were halted for volatility after the news, logged gains of more than 15%. 
Don't Miss: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/traders-scared-as-hell-of-venezuela-2014-11">Traders Are 'Scared As Hell' About What's Happening In Venezuela »</a>

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