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<ul class="summary-list"><li>A new innovation could help prevent ice cream from becoming a puddle at room temperature.</li><li>Compounds called polyphenols, found in green tea and berries, can help stabilize the ice cream.</li></ul>Sloppy sundaes and drippy cones could become a thing of the past as the wonders of science have uncovered a way to make <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-trader-joes-ice-cream-frozen-treats-review-photos">ice cream</a> nearly melt-proof.The innovation comes from (where else?) the Dairy State, specifically the University of Wisconsin-Madison.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/black-tea-health-benefits-daily-drinking-linked-longer-life-study-2022-8">Plant-based compounds called polyphenols</a> are the secret to keeping frozen treats from turning into puddles, according to Cameron Wicks, a PhD student in the university's food science department who's behind the project."Adding polyphenols to ice cream can create a product that holds its shape for over four hours at room temperature. That's pretty close to a no-melt ice cream," Wicks said in a university press release.<div type="image" title="ice cream" height="1414" width="2121" msid="111496606" hostid="261" sizebytes="76974"></div>Although they don't prevent the ice from actually melting, polyphenols added to ice cream interact with fats and proteins in the cream to thicken the mixture. As a result, the confection is able to hold its shape longer at room temperature and stave off a sticky mess.The effect is similar to stabilizers already used to make ice cream easier to transport.But polyphenols could be a more natural alternative, Wicks said. The compounds are found in tea and berries and are even linked to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cardiologist-snacks-avoid-better-heart-health-what-to-eat-instead-2024-7">benefits like a healthier heart</a>.However, you may have to wait a bit longer for the ice cream of the future.More research is needed to find the precise amount of polyphenols to keep ice cream stable without affecting its flavor so you can have a less messy, but still delicious, treat."Ice cream is such a complex system," Wicks said in the press release. "Being able to understand all of the science behind it, you can make food items better, more sustainable, and you can make better systems that feed the world."

Scientists invented 'no melt' ice cream that holds its shape for 4 hours, but you can't eat it yet

For most of us, <keyword id="6546574" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="octopus" source="Orion">octopus</keyword> mating is the kind of thing you'd bury deep beneath the incognito tab of your browser history. But for a crack team of researchers studying Antarctic <keyword id="1583699" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ice-melt" source="Orion">ice melt</keyword>, it's a subject they can't get enough of – and not for the reasons you might think! Under the icy grip of <keyword id="19945467" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="antarctica" source="keywords">Antarctica</keyword>, where sunlight struggles to penetrate and temperatures plummet well below zero, thrives a fascinating creature: the <keyword id="19945468" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="turquet" source="Orion">Turquet</keyword>'s octopus. Its DNA, a tangled tale of past dalliances and daring encounters, holds the key to understanding a continent's precarious future. This half-foot wonder lays only a handful of oversized eggs on the seabed, investing heavily in their survival and growth. Coupled with the region's unpredictable currents, this means the species rarely strays far from its familiar haunts, dotting the icy landscape around Antarctica. Scientists, like modern-day octopus whisperers, have cracked the genetic code of these eight-legged time capsules. By studying the DNA of separate populations, they stumbled upon a remarkable truth: around 125,000 years ago, when Earth enjoyed a warmth akin to today, an ice-free corridor snaked across Antarctica. Through this watery highway, Turquet's octopuses embarked on scandalous intermingling with distant cousins they'd barely met before, their genes weaving a tapestry of shared ancestry. But before you start daydreaming about octopus rom-coms, this revelation throws up a chilling concern. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) melted during a period similar to our current climate, it suggests its future stability is worryingly fragile. Studies show that a potential WAIS collapse could unleash a torrent of meltwater, raising sea levels by a staggering 3.3 to 5 metres. The study also uncovers a double whammy – two distinct periods of WAIS collapse, one in the mid-Pliocene and another during the Last Interglacial, a warm spell eerily similar to our own. This chilling coincidence serves as a stark reminder: the ice sheet has buckled before, and it could well do so again. The consequences of a WAIS collapse are nothing short of catastrophic. Coastal cities housing millions worldwide would be submerged, ecosystems shattered, and the map of our planet forever altered. The fate of the WAIS hangs in the balance, and the time to act is now – not just for ourselves, but for the octopuses, the penguins, the seals, and all the creatures who call Antarctica home.

Octopus DNA gives scientists a glimpse into Antarctica's ancient past, and a possible highly unstable future

More than 27 per cent of the identified glacial lakes in the Himalayas have notably expanded since 1984 and 130 of those are in India, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> said on Monday. In a statement, the space agency said long-term <keyword id="20423869" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="satellite-imagery" source="keywords">satellite imagery</keyword> covering the catchments of Indian Himalayan river basins from 1984 to 2023 indicates significant changes in glacial lakes. "Of the 2,431 lakes larger than 10 hectares identified during 2016-17, 676 glacial lakes have notably expanded since 1984," it said. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said 601 of the 676 lakes have expanded more than twice while 10 lakes have grown between 1.5 to two times and 65 lakes 1.5 times. It said 130 of the 676 lakes are situated within India, with 65, seven, and 58 located in the Indus, Ganga and the Brahmaputra river basins, respectively. An elevation-based analysis revealed that 314 lakes are located in the 4,000-5,000-metre range and 296 above 5,000 metres. The glacial lakes are categorised based on their formation process into four broad categories -- moraine-dammed (water dammed by moraine), ice-dammed (water dammed by ice), erosion (water dammed in depressions formed by erosion), and other glacial lakes. Among the 676 expanding lakes, the majority are moraine-dammed (307), followed by erosion (265), other (96), and ice-dammed (eight) glacial lakes. ISRO highlighted long-term changes in the Ghepang Ghat glacial lake (in the Indus basin) at an elevation of 4,068 metre in <keyword id="19905191" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="himachal-pradesh" source="keywords">Himachal Pradesh</keyword>, showing a 178 per cent increase in size from 36.49 hectares to 101.30 hectares between 1989 and 2022. The rate of increase is about 1.96 hectares per year. In October, at least 40 people were killed and 76 went missing in Sikkim after the South Lhonak Lake -- a glacial lake situated in the state's northwest at 17,000 feet -- burst due to incessant rains. The Himalayas, often referred to as the Third Pole because of the extensive glaciers and snow cover, are highly sensitive to changes in the global climate -- both in terms of their physical characteristics and their societal impacts. Research conducted worldwide has consistently shown that glaciers across the globe have been experiencing unprecedented rates of retreat and thinning due to human-caused climate change. This retreat leads to the formation of new lakes and the enlargement of existing ones in the <keyword id="20128077" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Himalayan-region" source="keywords">Himalayan region</keyword>. These bodies of water, created by the melting of glaciers, are known as glacial lakes and play a crucial role as freshwater sources for rivers in the Himalayan region. However, these also pose significant risks such as Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs), which can have devastating consequences for communities downstream. GLOFs occur when glacial lakes release large volumes of meltwater due to the failure of natural dams, such as those made of moraine or ice, resulting in sudden and severe flooding downstream. These dam failures can be triggered by various factors, including avalanches of ice or rock, extreme weather events, and other environmental factors. Monitoring and studying the occurrence and expansion of glacial lakes in the Himalayan region is challenging due to inaccessible and rugged terrain. Satellite remote sensing technology proves to be an excellent tool for inventory and monitoring due to its wide coverage and revisit capability. Assessing long-term changes in glacial lakes is crucial for understanding glacier retreat rates, assessing GLOF risks, and gaining insights into climate change impacts, ISRO said.

Satellite monitoring shows large expansion in 27% identified glacial lakes in Himalayas: ISRO

<ul class="summary-list"><li>'Free Solo' climber Alex Honnold witnessed the effects of climate change throughout his career.</li><li>He's seen glaciers and ice features melt away in Patagonia and Alaska.</li></ul>In 2023, world-famous climbers Alex Honnold (of "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/free-solo-documentary-directors-interview-filming-alex-honnold-el-capitan-climb-without-rope-2018-9">Free Solo</a>" fame) and Tommy Caldwell tackled the Devils Thumb, a hazardous mountain in southeastern <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/living-in-alaska-pros-cons-outdoors-no-sunlight-cheap-rent-2023-12">Alaska</a>.Before their ascent, Honnold and Caldwell hiked to the mountain's base, tripping over piles of boulders. The path didn't always look so treacherous."What used to be relatively benign snowfields have melted down into shattered glaciers and exposed rock," Honnold, 39, says in "The Devil's Climb," a new documentary about the journey.<div type="image" title="Alex Honnold climbing the Devils Thumb." height="4032" width="6048" msid="114222330" hostid="261" sizebytes="1838584"></div>Honnold told Business Insider that the mountain changed significantly over the past decade, which made planning the climb more challenging."A lot of the photos were from 2014 or 2016, and in just the span of seven or eight years, the mountain had melted out like a ton," he said. In particular, the northwest face had a different terrain. "It was a different mountain, which kind of changed our climbing experience."Throughout his climbing career, Honnold has witnessed similarly stark <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/climate-change">environmental changes</a>. It inspired him to start the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.honnoldfoundation.org/">Honnold Foundation</a> in 2012, a non-profit that builds renewable energy resources around the world."It makes it easy to talk about climate change to people because you see it with your own eyes," he said.<h2 id="fd331123-0e91-4e8f-9bfe-849404bb66b5">He's seen 'dramatic' landscape changes on his climbs</h2>Honnold and Caldwell previously planned an ice climb in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hiking-patagonia-argentina-trekking-poles-would-have-helped-2023-12">Patagonia, Argentina</a>. But once they got to the area, they learned the ice feature had fallen down the year before."It was just gone and would probably never re-form again," Honnold said, noting that it takes hundreds of years for snow to compress back into an ice wall.<div type="image" title="An aerial view of Alex Honnold and Tommy Caldwell climbing the Devils Thumb." height="3158" width="4218" msid="114222329" hostid="261" sizebytes="2452676"></div>In that same area, he's seen a glacial lake extend "double the distance" due to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.antarcticglaciers.org/glaciers-and-climate/glacier-recession/shrinking-patagonian-glaciers/">receding glaciers</a>. "Year over year, you see the glaciers move so much that it changes the way in which you can hike into the mountains," he said. "It's really dramatic."<h2 id="9bb67b3f-b0d3-4dae-9638-074269667801">His foundation focuses on communities</h2>In 2023, the Honnold Foundation helped launch the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.canarymedia.com/articles/clean-energy/puerto-ricos-first-community-led-microgrid-is-ready-to-launch">first community-led microgrid project</a> in Puerto Rico. Comprised of rooftop solar panels, it was intended to be a solution to the island's electricity shortage after Hurricane Maria in 2017.Honnold said the foundation's projects focus on helping communities because "there's no real point in solving environmental issues if you're not also improving human living conditions."The organization has also installed <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/new-passive-income-side-hustle-selling-electricity-neighbors-solar-panels-2023-12">solar panels</a> in US cities like Detroit and Memphis to help families reduce their electricity bills.<h2 id="b287c5aa-8aa7-44c3-adb4-ce155363d449">He mentions climate change at corporate events</h2>In a recent interview on the <a target="_blank" href="https://youtu.be/Hw2y6OWcqZc?si=kjl0Pc30kH2ZRGWm&amp;t=2242">"Rich Roll" podcast</a>, adventure journalist Adam Skolnick shared an anecdote about how Honnold raises money for his foundation by <a target="_blank" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/do-good-climbers-make-good-capitalists">hosting climbing and outdoor events</a> with top business leaders where he mentions the impacts of climate change.Skolnick said that Honnold will "scold them for their environmental issues and implore them to do good and do better," before taking them on excursions.While Honnold said said while he rarely leads events this way, climate change conversations come up a lot in his career "because as a climber, you see it so acutely.""I fundraise for the foundation really in any way that I can," Honnold said. "I'm happy to take money from anybody if it means supporting community solar around the world.""The Devil's Climb" premieres October 17 at 9pm EST on National Geographic and streams the next day on Disney+ and Hulu.

'Free Solo' climber Alex Honnold often sees melted glaciers on his climbs. It's changed the course of his career.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Around 10,000 penguin chicks died after an ice bed they lived on broke apart, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66492767">the BBC said.</a></li><li>The emperor penguin chicks, who had not yet developed waterproof feathers, died last October. </li></ul>Around 10,000 penguin chicks who had not yet developed waterproof feathers died after an ice bed beneath them melted and broke apart, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66492767">the BBC reported</a> on Thursday.The emperor penguin chicks most likely drowned or froze to death after the incident, which occurred in late 2022 in an area off the Antarctic Peninsula, called the Bellingshausen Sea, the outlet said, citing a study published on Wednesday in <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=99d8236e11c212f24947bcfd6d1470537227f6e4edc52145d38b914c6d8d01d2&amp;postID=64e864a823f4ecc1488f2f53&amp;postSlug=10000-baby-penguins-died-after-ice-bed-melted-broke-antarctic-2023-8&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs43247-023-00927-x">the peer-reviewed journal "Communications Earth &amp; Environment."</a>The study shows that the chicks were among four of five colonies that suffered a "catastrophic breeding failure" in the area late last year.Emperor penguins depend on the sea ice for breeding, foraging, and raising their young, the research said. But their habitat is shrinking due to "large-scale contractions in sea ice extent," the study added."Emperors depend on sea ice for their breeding cycle; it's the stable platform they use to bring up their young. But if that ice is not as extensive as it should be or breaks up faster, these birds are in trouble," Dr. Peter Fretwell, from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), who helped conduct the research, told the BBC."There is hope: we can cut our carbon emissions that are causing the warming. But if we don't we will drive these iconic, beautiful birds to the verge of extinction," he added. <div type="image" title="smyley island empo" height="1384" width="1846" msid="103061632" hostid="261"></div>Satellite images examined by the researchers show the colony of penguins disappearing over just a matter of weeks.An image taken on October 28 last year still shows the colony living on the ice bed. But only two months later, in December 2022, the colony appears to have vanished as bits of ice float in the sea.The research follows projections by scientists that more than 90% of emperor penguins will be all but extinct by the end of this century amid an ever-warming world. Over the past seven years, sea ice around Antarctica has decreased significantly, the research said. By the end of December 2022, sea ice extent was the lowest experienced in the 45-year satellite record.

Around 10,000 penguin chicks died when the Antarctic ice they lived on melted &mdash; they were still too young to survive in the icy water

Unfavourable atmospheric conditions make it challenging to observe <keyword id="6354781" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="antarctica" source="Orion">Antarctica</keyword> from space. Nevertheless, while visualisations have portrayed the frosty continent as seemingly endless expanses of white ice, a new study has revealed that this is merely a facade for what lies beneath the surface. Antarctica might be a vast <keyword id="1352757" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ice-sheet" source="Orion">ice sheet</keyword> today, but it wasn't always so. Portions of the southern continent once featured expansive trees, forests, and even animals. However, approximately 30 million years ago, shifting climate conditions encased the region in ice, leaving the landscape suspended in time. Comparing historical <keyword id="47552" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="radar" source="Orion">radar</keyword> data of the area with satellite images unveiled an ancient hidden paradise, located over two kilometres beneath the current surface. It includes extensive lakes and rugged river-carved hills and valleys. Stewart Jamieson, the principal author of the study, likened the 32,000-square-kilometre terrain to the Snowdonia region in northern Wales. The researchers estimate that this submerged land hasn't seen daylight for at least 14 million years, and a wealth of ancient landscapes remains to be unearthed. At present, this enigmatic subterranean landscape is even less familiar than the surface of Mars, as Jamieson points out. Despite remaining undiscovered for so long, <keyword id="6361617" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> also poses a threat to this vast, Kerala-sized <keyword id="10265" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="snow" source="Orion">snow</keyword> globe world. However, the fact that it lies hundreds of kilometres inland from Antarctica's icy periphery and has remained untouched by previous warming events provides some hope. "We are now headed towards developing atmospheric conditions akin to those that prevailed between 14 to 34 million years ago when it was three to seven degrees Celsius warmer," the study cautions. Nevertheless, pinpointing the "tipping point" beyond which we will lose control over the thawing process is challenging. Comprehending the concealed landscape will enable researchers to fathom how ice behaves in Antarctica, providing us with more insights into how the continent might respond to future climate change. With melting rates in the region accelerating over recent decades, this knowledge is unquestionably valuable. The findings of this study have been published in Nature Communications and can be accessed <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42152-2" data-type="tilCustomLink">here</a>.

South Pole Secret! Massive network of prehistoric valleys, lakes and hills found deep under Antarctica

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Study shows for the first time that Greenland wasn't covered in ice in the recent past.</li><li>The data comes from long-lost ice cores obtained during a secret army mission during the Cold War.</li></ul>Drilling thousands of feet down through a giant layer of ice isn't an easy task, but that's what the army liked about it.Grabbing ice cores for scientists to study served as a perfect cover for their real intention, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/project-iceworm-toxic-nuclear-waste-2016-8">burying nuclear missiles within</a> Greenland's ice sheet, in a scheme known as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cold-war-project-greenland-ice-sheet-plant-fossils-2021-3">Project Iceworm</a>.The project, which took place during the height of the Cold War, didn't yield the results the army wanted. But by the time they <a href="https://www.uvm.edu/news/story/secrets-under-ice" target="_blank" rel="noopener">abandoned it in 1967</a>, scientists had gathered enough ice cores to help them understand Greenland's ancient climate. Along with the ice, scientists grabbed 12 feet of sediment that sat beneath the ice sheet. Most scientists were only interested in the ice, so the sediment cores were labeled, stored away in a bunch of cookie jars, and forgotten.Not unlike that bag of peas fossilizing at the back of your freezer.That is until Danish scientists <a href="https://www.uvm.edu/news/story/secrets-under-ice" target="_blank" rel="noopener">re-discovered the sediment cores in 2018</a> and shipped them to Paul Bierman, a geologist at the University of Vermont. There, Bierman's then PhD candidate Andrew Christ found something unexpected — signs of life. They discovered that Greenland's ice had melted in the recent past, which was incredibly surprising, Christ said. This initial discovery took place <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2021442118" target="_blank" rel="noopener">over two years ago</a>, but the scientists just now pinpointed when the country's ice sheet had melted. The team of 21 researchers published their findings last week in the <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade4248" target="_blank" rel="noopener">journal Science</a>. <h2><div type="image" title="A small deposit of snowy ice sits in a larger pool of clear, melted water amid a wide view of the Greenland tundra. The Earth below it is yellow and green and the sky, which takes up half the frame, is right blue where it peaks through the thick blanket of clouds." height="3036" width="4048" msid="102251513" hostid="261" sizebytes="890502"></div></h2>Their paper shows that only 416,000 years ago, Greenland's ice sheet had melted and sea levels were between five and 20 feet higher compared to when the sheet was frozen. This means that the current ice sheet is much more sensitive to global warming than previously thought, the scientists reported."The ancient frozen soil from beneath Greenland's ice sheet warns of trouble ahead," Bierman and co-author Tammy Rittenour wrote in <a href="https://theconversation.com/when-greenland-was-green-ancient-soil-from-beneath-a-mile-of-ice-offers-warnings-for-the-future-209018" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Conversation</a>.<h2>More sensitive to warming </h2>The melting occurred way earlier than scientists had predicted. Previous estimates had put a wide window on the thawing, saying it occurred sometime in the last <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cold-war-project-greenland-ice-sheet-plant-fossils-2021-3">million years</a>.The Earth naturally cycles through warmer phases and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/300000-year-giant-hand-axes-ice-age-sediments-england-mystery-2023-7">cooler phases</a>, per the <a href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/ccrc/education/climate-primer/natural-climate-cycles#:~:text=The%20mechanisms%20that%20cause%20these,2008)." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Climate Change Resource Center</a>. Shooting back to 416,000 years ago then, we were in a warmer period. The researchers know this warmer period was caused by normal cycles because they can measure the amount of gases that were present in the atmosphere back then by looking at the molecules that were frozen in the samples. <div type="image" title="An old black and white photo ofJ. Kasl and D. Garfield viewing a retrieved core at Camp Century in 1966 The researchers are wearing thick down jackets with fur hoods and standing near complex looking metal tables bearing scientific machines." height="2283" width="3045" msid="102251514" hostid="261" sizebytes="477450"></div>They determined that greenhouse gas levels were much lower back then <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/carbon-dioxide-record-human-health-effects-2018-5">than they are today</a>, Christ told Insider.So if the natural, moderate warming caused the ice to melt, it means the country's ice sheet is more sensitive to temperature changes than scientists originally thought, Christ explained. He and Bierman further said their findings mean the ice sheet is likely going to be sensitive to the changes we've caused to our climate. Essentially, in the coming centuries, climate change will cause the Greenland ice sheet to melt completely, the researchers said. "It's not going to happen tomorrow. But it's going to happen faster and faster," Bierman said. This will cause anywhere from five feet of sea level rise to 20 plus feet, the paper reported. What would that amount of water do to a city like Miami, or the island of Manhattan, for example?Using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's <a href="https://coast.noaa.gov/slr/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">sea level rise viewer</a>, Bierman showed Insider the consequences.Slowly, the water eats ups streets, then blocks, then neighborhoods. The viewer maxes out at ten feet, he said, adding: imagine if the water rises higher than that.

Lost samples from a secret army base reveal that Greenland's ice vanished 416,000 years ago. That means it could melt way faster than expected.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Sea ice levels in Antarctica are at an all-time low, the National Snow and Ice Data Center reports.</li><li>A researcher from the NSIDC told the BBC these levels are "mind-blowing."</li></ul>Sea-ice levels in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biggest-surprises-living-working-antarctica-worlds-most-remote-post-office-2023-5">Antarctica</a> reached a record low in mid-September, satellite imagery from the National Snow and Ice Data Center shows.Sea ice, the water that freezes on the surface of the sea in the Arctic and Antarctic hemispheres, has been <a href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/climate-change-arctic-sea-ice-summer-minimum">decreasing</a> in both regions. In Antarctica, sea ice levels reached record lows at least <a href="https://weather.com/news/climate/video/antarctic-sea-ice-reaches-new-record-low">twice</a> in 2023 after <a href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/06/1137787">record minimums</a> were detected in 2017 and 2022."It's so far outside anything we've seen, it's almost mind-blowing," Walter Meier, senior research scientist at the National Snow and Ice Data Center, told the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66724246" target="_blank" rel="noopener">BBC</a>.An unstable Antarctica could have far-reaching consequences for Earth's climate, forcing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/americans-new-climate-normal-is-hotter-wetter-and-more-extreme-2021-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">global temperatures to rise</a> with potentially devastating consequences for humanity, scientists warn.<div type="image" title="Chart showing the level of sea ice in Antarctica from 1981 to 2023" height="787" width="1050" msid="103732989" hostid="261" sizebytes="33866"></div>Understanding the extent of climate crisis in Antarctica has been challenging for scientists. The region is 1.5 times the size of the US, and there's a lack of historical information."When I started studying the Antarctic 30 years ago, we never thought extreme weather events could happen there," Prof Martin Siegert, a glaciologist at the University of Exeter, told the BBC. But scientists seem to be changing their mind.Antarctica has been affected by global warming in many ways — it's seen record temperature increases of <a href="https://www.bas.ac.uk/data/our-data/publication/antarctica-and-climate-change/" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow">3.2°C (37.76°F)</a> since the 1950s, over three times more than the global average. Its ocean is also <a href="https://www.asoc.org/learn/climate-crisis-in-antarctica/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">heating more rapidly than the rest of the world</a>, and its ice shelves are melting six times faster than in the 1980s, according to the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition.The behavior of sea ice in the region has shifted widely since the beginning of the 20th century. After a decline in the early 1900s, it began increasing again, and in recent years, both record highs and record lows have been detected, the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-64649596">BBC</a> reported in February. In 2018, for example, a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=10153178100249071">NASA report</a> said some parts of the region were gaining ice.But recent record lows are a cause for concern.A <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=fbfdddfefa9514d48e21ae35ec00d34542727c088f2af034e3d11febe739423c&amp;postID=6506ba0b74fcf693ad393290&amp;postSlug=sea-ice-levels-in-antarctica-reached-a-new-historic-low-2023-9&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs43247-023-00961-9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">report</a> published in Nature links the recent record lows in sea-ice levels to the rise in the ocean's temperature, saying that the ice is essentially melting from below. Report co-authors Ed Doddridge and Ariaan Purich told Australia's <a href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-09-13/climate-scientists-issue-warning-over-antarctic-sea-ice-levels/102849334">ABC</a> News that this year's level in sea ice is about 930,000 square miles less than the maximum coverage usually seen in September and that these changes may be irreversible.

Sea-ice levels in Antarctica at a 'mind-blowing' historic low

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Swiss officials found the body of a climber missing for 37 years after portions of a glacier melted.</li><li>Just last year, another glacier in Switzerland melted enough to reveal a 1968 plane crash.</li></ul>Melting glacier ice — a worrying symptom of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-is-killing-off-vital-atlantic-ocean-current-system-2023-7">worsening climate change</a> — is leading to the discovery of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-exposed-dozens-unusual-and-unsettling-finds-in-2022">people thought lost for decades</a>.Earlier this month, Swiss officials found the remains of a German mountain climber missing for almost 37 years after a portion of the Theodul glacier melted, <a href="https://www.policevalais.ch/communiques-pour-les-medias/zermatt-un-alpiniste-disparu-depuis-1986-retrouve-et-identifie/">local police said</a> Thursday.The explorer's identity was confirmed using a DNA sample from the human remains, police said. He went missing in 1986 at 38 years old.This is not the first time melting ice has helped solve a cold case. Last summer, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melting-glaciers-reveal-human-remains-plane-wreck-swiss-alps-2022-8">thawing ice on the Chessjen glacier in Switzerland revealed</a> the remains of two people who died following a 1968 plane crash, Insider previously reported.Back in 2015, Swiss officials found the remains of two Japanese climbers who went missing in 1970 after a portion of the Matterhorn glacier melted, <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/06/europe/switzerland-japanese-climbers-remains-found/index.html">CNN reported at the time</a>.Experts say <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melting-glaciers-ice-sheets-sea-level-rise-climate-disaster-2022-12">melting glaciers</a> could lead to extreme and rapid sea-level rise as the planet continues to warm.Even if the world reduces carbon emissions to meet <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-crisis-chaos-un-secretary-general-egypt-cop27-2022-11">current climate goals</a>, <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abo1324">glaciers worldwide could lose half their mass</a> by the end of the century, a major study published in January in the peer-reviewed journal Science found.

The remains of long-lost climbers are appearing as climate change melts glaciers

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="12329412" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="nepal" source="Orion">Nepal</keyword>'s base camp on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mount-everest-stories-from-climbers-2019-6">Mount Everest</a> is being moved further down the mountain, due to <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword>.</li><li>The site is located on top of the thinning Khumbu Glacier, which has become hazardous for climbers.</li></ul>In order to ascend <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mount-everest-death-zone-first-hand-account-2017-9">Mount Everest</a>, climbers have to pass through one of two starting points. But the southern site in Nepal — the most popular starting point to summit the world's tallest mountain — is located on top of a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/antarctica-thwaites-glacier-ice-shelf-will-shatter-scientists-say-2021-12">thinning glacier</a> that's becoming increasingly unsafe amid climate change.As ice on the glacier close to the base camp slowly melts, Nepal is preparing to move the campsite down the mountain. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-impacts-to-last-millennia-ipcc-report-2021-8">Glaciers and ice sheets are melting</a> at accelerated rates because of human-caused climate change: As temperatures rise, the glacier on the world's highest mountain, like other <keyword id="12737246" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="glaciers" source="Orion">glaciers</keyword> around the world, is retreating rapidly."We are now preparing for the relocation and we will soon begin consultation with all stakeholders," Taranath Adhikari, director general of Nepal's tourism department, told the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-61828753">BBC</a>. "It is basically about adapting to the changes we are seeing at the base camp and it has become essential for the sustainability of the mountaineering business itself."The potential relocation follows recommendations from a committee set up by the government, which oversees mountaineering at Everest. A <a href="https://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/4327/warm_ice_in_worlds_highest_glacier">2018 study</a> found that the Khumbu Glacier close to the base camp was thinning at a rate of 1 meter — or 3 feet — per year. Now, according to Nepalese authorities, it's unsafe. Where the base camp currently stands, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mount-everest-expeditions-climbing-companies-6-2019">mountain climbers</a> contend with cracks on the ice, erosion, and growing streams of water due to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/thwaites-glacier-melting-doomsday-sea-level-rise-2020-9">ice melt</a>. "We see increased rock falls and movement of meltwater on the surface of the glaciers that can be hazardous," Scott Watson, a researcher at the University of Leeds, told the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-61828753">BBC</a>. <div type="image" title=": A line of trekkers walk through fresh snow beside the Khumbu Glacier, near the base of Mount Everest and Everest Base Camp in the Solu-Khumbu region of Nepal, February 13, 2015" height="3330" width="4440" msid="92373242" hostid="261" sizebytes="1465608"></div>The sheer number of people passing through the camp, and the footprints, debris, and waste left on the mountain are a concern. The camp is used by around 1,500 climbers every year. People urinating at the camp, to the tune of 4,000 liters of pee every day during in peak season, along with runoff from kerosene and other waste products, also impact the glacier. The base camp currently sits at an altitude of 5,364 meters (17,600 feet) above the mountain's snowline. Plans could shift it as much as 400 meters (1,310 feet) lower, to an ice-free area. A final decision has not been made, nor has a new base been identified, according to Nepalese authorities. Once plans are finalized, the relocation could come as soon as 2024.

Nepal is planning to move its Everest base camp because of rapidly thinning glaciers and erosion from climbers

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Darrin Lowery found a collection of tools in Maryland that may date to 22,000 years ago.</li><li>That would mean humans first arrived in North America thousands of years before we thought.</li></ul>North and South America were the last inhabited continents that modern humans settled thousands of years ago, but when and how they <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/white-sands-human-footprints-ancient-dated-new-evidence-2023-10">reached the Americas</a> remains a mystery."We don't know who these first peoples were," Todd Braje, executive director of the University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, told Business Insider. We don't know "where they came from, when they arrived, the technologies that they had available," he added.For many years, archaeologists thought the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/people-in-north-america-15000-years-earlier-than-archaeologists-thought-2020-7">first humans</a> to set foot in the Americas did so around 13,000 years ago. But more recently, new findings have challenged that theory, pushing the timeline back even further.Now, a recent series of discoveries on Parsons Island, Maryland, could wind back the clock yet again. And it raises some difficult questions about early human migration across North America.<h2 id="f7e5a3a1-a118-42d7-b896-319363b83995">Outside the mainstream</h2>Darrin Lowery has been hunting for artifacts on Maryland islands around the Chesapeake Bay since he was 9 years old. Over 40 years later, he's amassed a large collection of tools that he believes some of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/12000-year-old-skeleton-helps-solve-mystery-about-the-first-americans-2014-5">earliest Americans</a> used.He found nearly 300 tools on Parsons Island and says they're around 22,000 years old. That's thousands of years before many scientists think humans first journeyed to North America.If Lowery's hypothesis is correct, it would significantly change our ideas of how and when people started arriving in this part of the world.However, Lowery, who mainly works as an independent geologist, hasn't published his latest work in a peer-reviewed journal, making other experts skeptical of a theory that's already a bit outside the mainstream.Lowery doesn't mind the criticism, though. "If I'm wrong, I'm fine with that," he told Business Insider. "Prove me wrong."<h2 id="f57edd19-dbea-4e1d-82b5-89c6ba8d5ef3">When did the first modern humans reach North America?</h2><div type="image" title="Dark gray stone tools from the front and side" height="1445" width="1575" msid="110547437" hostid="261" sizebytes="102066"></div>Around 13,000 years ago something significant was happening across northern North America: The glaciers that had covered part of the continent for millennia were melting.Archaeologists thought humans needed to wait for those glaciers to melt to migrate across this region. Otherwise, the journey through what is now Canada <a target="_blank" href="https://www.neh.gov/humanities/2014/marchapril/feature/the-first-americans">would</a> have been too dangerous, with little food available along the way.So, for most of the 20th century, the theory was that the first Americans came from Asia around 13,000 years ago, crossing the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/extinct-giant-mammals-pleistocene-megafauna-ice-age-north-america">now-submerged</a> Bering land bridge that connected Siberia and present-day Alaska. Then those humans and their ancestors made their way across the areas of the Americas with fewer glaciers.But by the second half of the 20th century, older sites were turning up, like a 14,500-year-old site in Chile, Monte Verde. If people were that far south at the time, it meant humans had to have traveled from North America to South America well before 13,000 years ago."It really changed everything about what we understood about when and how people arrived to the Americas," Braje said of the Chile site. One alternative theory is that people followed the less icy Pacific Coast and then started moving east.While individual sites are often subjects of debate, the widely accepted range of humans' first arrival in the Americas is now between 20,000 to 15,000 years ago, Braje said.But Lowery said his artifacts are even older.<h2 id="6c255e81-c76d-4200-899f-0ef2ae0d71f2">Dating 22,000-year-old artifacts</h2><div type="image" title="The embankment on Parsons Island" height="3672" width="4896" msid="110547439" hostid="261" sizebytes="664046"></div>Over the course of 93 visits to Parsons Island, Lowery and other volunteers found a mix of chipped-off rock flakes, a stone for hammering, and knives.Due to erosion, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.udel.edu/udaily/2020/november/researching-parsons-island-geology-archeology/">most</a> of the artifacts fell out of the embankment that once held them.However, nine were still stuck in the bank, and three of those dated to around 22,000 years ago.Dating ancient artifacts like this is tricky and is often the source of contention around these sites that question our understanding and timeline of ancient human history.For instance, most dating <a target="_blank" href="https://www.uwlax.edu/mvac/process-of-archaeology/lab-analysis/dating/">methods</a> require organic material and won't work on stone tools. Instead, scientists test charcoal, pollen, and other matter found near stone artifacts.However, if a tool shifts from its original position — like if it falls out of the embankment that's holding it — it's difficult to date it reliably.That's why only a handful of Lowery's artifacts could be tested.Though Lowery doesn't want to publish a paper through peer review — a process he called "antiquated" — he said he did his due diligence in dating the artifacts.He used different methods to date the still-in-place artifacts and also sent samples to independent labs for verification. Using radiocarbon dating that measured the amount of carbon in flakes of charcoal, an independent lab estimated the artifacts' ages to be between 20,563 and 22,656 years old.If these artifacts are as old as the lab analysis suggests, then Lowery's discovery could rewrite our understanding of ancient American human history.<h2 id="f7c9b503-d71f-4677-85e8-23800441c203">The journey from Alaska to Maryland</h2><div type="image" title="A map of North America covered in large glaciers 21,000 years ago" height="1495" width="1400" msid="110547441" hostid="261" sizebytes="156374"></div>Around 21,000 years ago, <a target="_blank" href="https://ccin.ca/index.php/ccw/glaciers/past/glaciation">nearly</a> all of Canada was <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/helicopter-tours-canada-glacier-melt-2018-10">covered in glaciers</a>. Therefore, one of the biggest questions with Lowery's theory is how humans could have made the trek from Alaska to Maryland 22,000 years ago when there was a vast, icy landscape in between.But Lowery said nearly 26,000 years ago, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-ancient-intact-wolf-pup-mummy-yukon-permafrost-2020-12">Beringian wolves</a> traveled through a temporary corridor between ice sheets. Humans could have used the same route, he said."I think this is largely a misconception that ice is an impediment," Lowery said. "It's a challenge, but humans are pretty damn smart."Lowery admitted this is just what he called "a story," but it's one some experts refuse to entertain. One archaeologist that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/05/19/first-americans-chesapeake-parsons-island/">The Washington Post</a> spoke with refused to comment on the non-peer-reviewed paper.For Braje, Lowery's research is reminiscent of past debates when new discoveries pushed back the timeline for the first American arrivals.Braje didn't dismiss Lowery's ideas outright, but he thinks they need to go through the peer-review process. "I think all these ideas are valid ones that we should be talking about," he said, "but then we have to go to the scientific evidence.""To make big claims like this takes a lot of work, a lot of evidence, a lot of enduring critique, but that's part of the scientific process," Braje said.

22,000-year-old artifacts could rewrite ancient human history in North America

<ul class="summary-list"><li>This year, human-caused climate change has exposed a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-fueled-droughts-unearthing-unexpected-discoveries-2022-7">spate of unusual discoveries</a>.</li><li>Among the unearthed finds are <a href="https://www.insider.com/photos-spain-ghost-village-underwater-for-years-emerges-after-drought-2022-2">old sites</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melting-glaciers-reveal-human-remains-plane-wreck-swiss-alps-2022-8">ancient artifacts</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/post/preview?post_id=637d2df21aaf4e277820db4e&amp;mode=desktop">rare fossils</a>, and even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/more-human-remains-found-lake-mead-drought-water-levels-2022-7">human remains.</a></li></ul>This year, as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-alter-human-life-un-ipcc-report-2022-2">human-caused climate change</a> steadily warms the planet, depleting bodies of water, melting ice, and strengthening storms exposed a bevy of lost treasures and forgotten stories.Among the unearthed finds are old sites, ancient artifacts, rare fossils, and even human remains.Climate change is making certain weather storms and droughts more severe and pervasive in many parts of the world, by causing changes in precipitation and enhancing evaporation, according to the latest <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/" rel=" nofollow">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> report, published in April. Moreover, rising global temperatures are thawing glaciers, adding water to the ocean and contributing to eroding beaches.As the world warms, unusual and unsettling discoveries will continue to emerge.<div type="image" title="A rusted metal barrel, near the location of where a different barrel was found containing a human body, sits exposed on shore during low water levels due to the western drought at Lake Mead on May 5, 2022." height="3660" width="5490" msid="95794374" hostid="261" sizebytes="1820340"></div><h2>Shrinking lakes and rivers unearthed long-submerged secrets around the world</h2>Nevada's Lake Mead is a prime example of retreating shores that have led to a recent spate of discoveries. This summer, low water levels created an eerie boat graveyard of previously sunken ships and beached boats, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/lake-mead-drought-photo-gallery-abab298019a44aef0181ad79aad12ab9" rel=" nofollow">the Associated Press reported</a>.The manmade reservoir's plummeting water levels also revealed human remains on at least six occasions since May, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/oct/27/human-remains-lake-mead-drought">The Guardian reported</a>.More bodies could turn up, given that water levels have receded to historic lows amid a climate change-fueled drought, according to Jennifer Byrnes, a forensic anthropologist who consults with the Clark County coroner's office."I would expect human remains of missing persons will probably be revealed over time, as the water level continues to recede," Byrnes previously told <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/forensic-anthropologists-on-the-front-lines-as-climate-change-worsens-2022-5" rel="">Insider</a>.It's not just Lake Mead. Some locations along the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/drought-hit-mississippi-river-reveals-a-shipwreck-and-human-remains-2022-10">Mississippi River</a> — a major shipping route — reported their lowest water levels in 10 years, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said in its <a href="https://www.noaa.gov/news/warm-dry-october-intensifies-us-drought" rel="">most recent climate report</a>.<div type="image" title="Researchers estimate the fossilized American lion jaw went extinct about 11,000 years ago." height="1152" width="1536" msid="95794375" hostid="261" sizebytes="72646"></div>In October, low water levels along the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/drought-hit-mississippi-river-reveals-a-shipwreck-and-human-remains-2022-10">Mississippi River's banks</a> revealed a 19th-century old ship, skeletal remains, and a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ancient-american-lion-fossil-found-in-dried-up-mississippi-river-2022-11">rare fossilized jawbone</a> from an ancient American lion that roamed the area roughly 11,000 years ago.In Spain, at least two once-submerged villages have reemerged as Europe experienced an ongoing drought.In February, the <a href="https://www.insider.com/photos-spain-ghost-village-underwater-for-years-emerges-after-drought-2022-2" rel="">village of Aceredo in Spain's northwestern Galicia region reemerged</a> after a drought drained a dam on the Spanish-Portuguese border. In Spain's Vilanova de Sau in the Catalonia region, plummeting water levels in a reservoir exposed a 11th century Romanesque church, <a href="https://newsroom.ap.org/detail/APTOPIXSpainCOP27ClimateSummit/ffd4b94286b941cfbf5f8d52ad4330fe/photo?Query=catalonia%20church&amp;mediaType=photo&amp;sortBy=arrivaldatetime:desc&amp;dateRange=Anytime&amp;totalCount=24&amp;currentItemNo=0">the Associated Press reported</a>.<div type="image" title="This combo of images shows from the top, an 11th century Romanesque church partially exposed in a reservoir in Vilanova de Sau, Catalonia, Spain, on Monday, June 20, 2022, and the same spot on Friday, November 18, 2022." height="6907" width="5000" msid="95794377" hostid="261" sizebytes="2849820"></div><h2>Melting ice is revealing remnants of the past frozen in time</h2>Beyond droughts, warmer average global temperatures are thawing and receding glaciers around the world, according to a <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf" rel=" nofollow">growing body of research</a>. In turn, that's unveiling previously frozen remains and artifacts.In western Mongolia and <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/05/220525110910.htm" rel=" nofollow">Norway</a>, melting ice has exposed fragile artifacts, including ancient tools, rope, spears, and arrows, according to William Taylor, an archaeologist at University of Colorado Boulder. In <a href="https://theconversation.com/melting-mongolian-ice-reveals-fragile-artifacts-that-provide-clues-about-how-past-people-lived-164657" rel=" nofollow">The Conversation</a>, Taylor writes that the melting ice give scientists a narrow window of time to secure these objects before weather and exposure to the elements damages or degrades them.<div type="image" title="Switzerland’s melting glaciers revealed the remains of a 1968 plane." height="2274" width="3024" msid="95794378" hostid="261" sizebytes="695170"></div>More recently, in August, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/melting-glaciers-reveal-human-remains-plane-wreck-swiss-alps-2022-8" rel="">melting glaciers in the Swiss Alps</a> revealed two sets of human remains and the wreckage of a plane crash that had been frozen beneath snow and ice. Local police said in a <a href="https://www.policevalais.ch/communiques-pour-les-medias/glacier-daletsch-decouverte-de-pieces-davion/" rel=" nofollow">statement</a> that their investigation determined the plane parts found on the glacier were from a Piper Cherokee plane that crashed on the glacier on June 30, 1968."At the time of the accident, more than 50 years ago, the technical means to recover aircraft wreckage in difficult terrain were limited. Due to the melting of the glaciers, particularly in summer, it is therefore possible that other pieces or pieces of wreckage may be released from the ice," police said in the statement, according to a Google translation.<h2>Stronger storm surge and sea level rise are exposing burial grounds</h2><div type="image" title="Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission employees guard the area where ancient human remains were uncovered onNovember 11, 2022 by Hurricane Nicole on Chastain Beach." height="1087" width="1600" msid="95794379" hostid="261" sizebytes="290070"></div>In some cultures, including among Indigenous tribes that lived in what is now known as Florida, ancestral remains are traditionally buried along the shore.In November, Hurricane Nicole's storm surge eroded parts of the east Florida coastline and unearthed a Native American burial ground that dated back hundreds of years, according to local news reports.Investigators believe the bones belonged to the Seminole tribe and came from a Native American burial ground located nearby. "They are ancestors of the Seminole people," Tina Osceola, a member of the Seminole tribe in Florida, told <a href="https://www.wptv.com/weather/tropical-weather/hurricane-nicole-unearths-possible-burial-ground-on-martin-county-beach-sheriff-says#:~:text=Martin%20County%20Sheriff%20William%20Snyder,preserving%20the%20bones%2C%20Snyder%20said." rel=" nofollow">WPTV</a>. "That we do know."<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2022/03/08_SROCC_Ch06_FINAL.pdf">Research suggests</a> that storms are intensifying due to warming waters fueled by climate change, in turn causing more and more sand to erode from beaches.This is not the first time that hurricanes have unearthed Indigenous remains. In September 2019, a weakened Hurricane Dorian caused beach erosion that unearthed ancient Native American bones in the same stretch of the eastern Florida coast, <a href="https://www.wptv.com/news/local-news/martin-county/possible-indian-remains-found-on-hutchinson-island-following-hurricane-dorian" rel=" nofollow">WPTV reported</a>.

You Searched For "ice melt" and got 12 results

Scientists invented 'no melt' ice cream that holds its shape for 4 hours, but you can't eat it yet

Gabby Landsverk

Octopus DNA gives scientists a glimpse into Antarctica's ancient past, and a possible highly unstable future

Ankush Banerjee

Satellite monitoring shows large expansion in 27% identified glacial lakes in Himalayas: ISRO

PTI

'Free Solo' climber Alex Honnold often sees melted glaciers on his climbs. It's changed the course of his career.

Julia Pugachevsky

Around 10,000 penguin chicks died when the Antarctic ice they lived on melted they were still too young to survive in the icy water

Sophia Ankel

South Pole Secret! Massive network of prehistoric valleys, lakes and hills found deep under Antarctica

Ankush Banerjee

Lost samples from a secret army base reveal that Greenland's ice vanished 416,000 years ago. That means it could melt way faster than expected.

Maiya Focht

Sea-ice levels in Antarctica at a 'mind-blowing' historic low

Marta Biino

The remains of long-lost climbers are appearing as climate change melts glaciers

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Nepal is planning to move its Everest base camp because of rapidly thinning glaciers and erosion from climbers

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22,000-year-old artifacts could rewrite ancient human history in North America

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Dozens of times drought, ice melt, and storm surge unearthed unusual and unsettling discoveries this year

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