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<ul><li><keyword id="11949096" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="plug-power" source="Orion">Plug Power</keyword> surged 13% on Wednesday after the company inked <keyword id="12306414" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="hydrogen" source="Orion">hydrogen</keyword> partnerships with Airbus and Phillips 66.</li><li>The hydrogen fuel-cell developer will work with Airbus on a hydrogen-powered airport feasibility study.</li><li>Plug Power also said it signed a MOU with Phillips 66 to collaborate on hydrogen business opportunities.</li><li><a href="https://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/10-things-opening-bell?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingestp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sign up here for our daily newsletter, 10 Things Before the Opening Bell</a>.</li></ul><a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/stocks/plug-stock">Plug Power</a> surged as much as 13% on Wednesday after the hydrogen fuel-cell developer said it inked partnerships with Airbus and <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/stocks/psx-stock">Phillips 66</a>.The Latham, NY-based company <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/plug-power-partners-airbus-landmark-110700898.html">partnered with Airbus</a> to conduct a feasibility study of bringing hydrogen to future aircraft and airports. Airbus is working towards a goal of bringing zero-emission aircraft to market by 2035, and it thinks hydrogen could play a role in that goal.Airbus will work closely with Plug Power to develop a joint study and roadmap that could deliver hydrogen to aircraft and the airport ecosystem in the future. Plug Power will build deployment scenarios for green hydrogen infrastructure at airports, while Airbus will provide insight on hydrogen aircraft characteristics."This partnership with Plug Power will enable us to leverage their expertise to decarbonize airports while preparing them for the arrival of hydrogen aircraft by 2035," Airbus Vice-President Glenn Llewellyn said.Separately, Plug Power <a href="https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2021/10/13/2313414/9619/en/Phillips-66-Plug-Power-Sign-Agreement-to-Advance-Green-Hydrogen.html">signed a memorandum of understanding</a> to collaborate on the development of hydrogen-based business opportunities with Phillips 66, a diversified oil refiner that also operates retail gas stations.The companies will explore how to deploy Plug Power's technology within Phillips 66's operations, including scaling hydrogen into the industrial sector, advancing hydrogen fueling opportunities, and developing hydrogen-related infrastructure.Also aiding to a boost in Plug Power's stock on Wednesday is an upgrade from <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/stocks/ms-stock">Morgan Stanley</a>. The bank raised its price target on Plug Power to $40 from $35, representing potential upside of 34%, and upgraded it to "Overweight" from "Equal-weight." <div type="image" title="Plug Power stock price" height="536" width="630" msid="86995010" hostid="261"></div>

Plug Power jumps 13% after it partners with Airbus to study and develop hydrogen-powered air travel

New Delhi, India's top oil firm IOC on Monday unveiled the nation's first <keyword id="18906554" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="green-hydrogen-powered-bus" source="Orion">green hydrogen-powered bus</keyword> that emits just water as it takes the lead in bringing out unrivaled tools to replace fossil fuels. Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) will produce close to 75 kg of hydrogen by splitting water using electricity from renewable sources. This hydrogen will be used to power two buses which will ply across the national capital region for trial runs. Oil Minister Hardeep Singh Puri, flagging off the buses, said hydrogen will be India's transition fuel for moving away from fossil fuels. IOC's R&amp;D Centre at Faridabad is producing green hydrogen for the pilot run. Four cylinders with a capacity of 30 kg can run the buses for 350 km. It takes 10-12 minutes for the four tanks to fill. Hydrogen when burnt emits only water vapour as a by-product. With three times the energy density and the absence of harmful emissions, hydrogen shines as a cleaner, more efficient choice to meet the energy requirement. As much as 50 units of renewable electricity and 9 kg of deionized water are needed for the production of one kilo of green hydrogen. Hydrogen can be used as a fuel for fuel cells. Puri said by the end of 2023, IOC will scale up the number of buses to 15. IOC will undertake operational trials of 15 fuel cell buses powered by green hydrogen on the identified routes in Delhi, Haryana, and UP. Under this programme, the first set of 2 fuel cell buses was launched on Monday. "Our government has ambitious plans on clean and green energy. India has taken many steps towards low carbon development- through emerging fuels like hydrogen and bio-fuels and shall account for 25 per cent of global incremental energy demand growth over the next two decades," Puri said. Upon the launch of the two buses, a cumulative mileage of more than 3 lakh kilometers will be covered for long-term assessment of performance and durability of the new technology. India has one of the largest synchronous grids in the world, capable of handling intermittent renewable energy and it has achieved 'One Nation-One Grid-One Frequency'. "With the low cost solar, synchronous grid, large demand and engineering, India will be a global champion in production and exports of hydrogen and is set to emerge as the hub for green hydrogen," he said. Puri said recently the world's first BS 6 (Stage II) Electrified Flex Fuel vehicle prototype was launched that encompasses both the flex fuel engine as well as an electric powertrain that offers higher use of ethanol combined with better fuel efficiencies. Hydrogen is deemed as the fuel for the future with immense potential to help India meet its decarbonization targets. The global demand for hydrogen is expected to increase by four to seven times to 500-800 tonne by 2050. Domestic demand is expected to increase by four times, from the current 6 tonne at present to 25-28 tonne by 2050. Oil and gas PSUs shall produce around 1 million tonne per annum of green hydrogen by 2030. "This green <keyword id="14355451" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="hydrogen-powered-bus" source="Orion">hydrogen-powered bus</keyword> is going to transform the face of city transport in the country. I shall be closely monitoring the project and wish you all the very best for successfully executing this project of national importance," he added. "The success of this project can catapult India from being a net importer of fossil energy to becoming a net exporter of clean hydrogen energy; and provide global leadership to other countries in terms of technology transfer while becoming a large green hydrogen producer and supplier of manufacturing parts."

IndianOil unveils India's first green hydrogen-run bus that emits just water

The researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur have developed Lanthanides based perovskite nanocomposite catalytic materials for artificial photosynthesis to produce high-purity <keyword id="169046" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="hydrogen" source="Orion">hydrogen</keyword>. "In the patented method, the researchers used natural sunlight to convert water into hydrogen and oxygen using a highly recyclable catalyst based on low-cost, simple transition metal. Dr <keyword id="5600755" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="rakesh-k-sharma" source="Orion">Rakesh K Sharma</keyword>, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, <keyword id="901000" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="iit-jodhpur" source="Orion">IIT Jodhpur</keyword>, is the <keyword id="195201" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="principal-investigator" source="Orion">Principal Investigator</keyword> of this project," as per IIT Jodhpur. "The team has now developed a series of catalysts which can efficiently produce hydrogen under ambient conditions. The end application of this research lies in the industries, automobile and energy sectors" IIT Jodhpur said in a Statement IIT Jodhpur further said in a statement that Hydrogen-based energy is the only viable source for a green and sustainable future. More than 90 per cent of the source of hydrogen is from petroleum feedstock, making it costly and out of reach of the common man. IIT Jodhpur's research team is working to find a viable source of hydrogen generation. The technology developed by the IIT Jodhpur team does not need any external energy source except sunlight. Highlighting the significance of the research, Dr Rakesh <keyword id="3398159" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="k-sharma" source="Orion">K Sharma</keyword>, Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, IIT Jodhpur, said, "Development of indigenous sustainable catalyst for large scale green hydrogen production is benchmark innovation for next generation happiness." "The research team has screened more than 100 catalyst combinations to develop five sets of catalysts that give high hydrogen production under sunlight. The catalysts work for wastewater, saline water and brackish water. The catalysts are recyclable and can be used multiple times" he added. Dr Rakesh K Sharma further said that The process used is simple, works on a wide spectrum of sunlight, and does not require any energy source to produce hydrogen. Low cost and high purity could be an essential step towards using hydrogen as a fuel directly in vehicles avoiding fossil fuels and reducing pollution. This novel research is being funded collaboratively by the Department of Science and Technology and IIT Jodhpur. Further, the researchers aim to develop a prototype followed by a scale-up for large-scale hydrogen production for end-user applications. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-hit-mental-health-of-kids-young-people-harder-than-thought/articleshow/95805540.cms">Covid hit mental health of kids, young people harder than thought</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/china-reports-sharp-spike-in-covid-19-cases-amid-protests-against-president-xi-jinping-lockdowns/articleshow/95820309.cms">China reports sharp spike in Covid-19 cases amid protests against President Xi Jinping, lockdowns</a>

IIT Jodhpur researchers develop catalytic materials to produce high-purity hydrogen

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/airbus">Airbus</a> has revealed three new conceptual aircraft, all of which will use <keyword id="169046" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="hydrogen">hydrogen</keyword> as fuel.</li><li>The planes, which <keyword id="6356166" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="airbus">Airbus</keyword> plans to develop and enter into commercial service by 2035, would be zero-emission — and Airbus says it's confident that it can actually make it happen.</li><li>Take a look at the three new hydrogen-powered planes.</li></ul>Making air travel truly sustainable is one of the biggest challenges facing the airline and aerospace industries. For every positive step taken by the industry as a whole, growing demand for air travel has essentially negated progress.Now, Airbus says it's ready to make the next big leap.The European planemaker <a href="https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/en/2020/09/airbus-reveals-new-zeroemission-concept-aircraft.html">unveiled</a> three brand new concepts for the world's first zero-emission commercial aircraft. Each concept serves a different purpose, but each is <a href="https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/stories/these-new-Airbus-concept-aircraft-have-one-thing-in-common.html">powered by hydrogen</a>, rather than traditional jet fuel.Hydrogen is a relatively new alternative fuel concept for <keyword id="31907" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Aviation">aviation</keyword>. Until recently, most low- and zero-emission aircraft concepts focused on electricity, but The aviation industry contributes as much as 2% to 3% to global manmade emissions, by most estimates. But with passenger numbers predicted to double to 8.2 billion annually by 2037, the share is likely to grow (especially as other industries decarbonize).Although airlines have taken steps to reduce emissions, most of those are negated by market growth, and most of them are smaller, incremental steps. To make a real impact, an alternative to jet fuel is crucial."As recently as five years ago, hydrogen propulsion wasn't even on our radar as a viable emission-reduction technology pathway," Glenn Llewellyn, a vice president overseeing zero-emission aircraft development at Airbus, said in a press release. "But convincing data from other transport industries quickly changed all that."Now, Airbus says the new planes could enter commercial service as soon as 2035. The company plans to "mature all the required hydrogen technologies" by 2025, allowing the following 10 years for aircraft development, testing, and certification. The first prototype should arrive by the late-2020s.The European planemaker is <a href="https://www.airbus.com/newsroom/stories/Is-this-the-next-clean-energy-to-power-aviation.html">considering two methods</a> of using hydrogen to power an aircraft. The first, hydrogen combustion, works the same way as a normal internal combustion engine, but burns cleaner hydrogen instead of fossil fuels. The second, hydrogen fuel cells, converts energy stored in hydrogen and oxygen atoms to generate electricity.Airbus' three conceptual aircraft, collectively codenamed ZEROe, are powered by a hybrid-system, using both hydrogen combustion and hydrogen fuel cells.Here are the three zero-emission Airbus planes that could revolutionize green flight, and that you might find yourself aboard in the 2030s.<h2>Airbus' hydrogen-powered ZEROe propeller aircraft</h2><div type="image" title="Airbus ZEROe Turboprop Concept Propeller Hydrogen" height="2414" width="3626" msid="78259402" hostid="261"></div>Airbus' first design is a surprising one, given that the planemaker does not currently manufacture turboprop, or propeller, aircraft.However, propeller planes are more efficient at lower speeds, and can often take off from shorter runways, making them an attractive option for some airlines.The ZEROe hydrogen plane would seat up to 100 passengers and fly routes up to about 1,000 nautical miles. The liquid hydrogen storage and distribution system would be located behind the rear pressure bulkhead, Airbus says.<h2>The Airbus ZEROe jet</h2><div type="image" title="Airbus ZEROe Turbofan Concept Hydrogen" height="2414" width="3626" msid="78259404" hostid="261"></div>The turbofan — jet — powered airplane might look familiar, aside from its unusually long, swept wings. With a capacity of 120 to 200 passengers, a range of a bit over 2,000 nautical miles, and a traditional tube with wings design, the ZEROe turbofan resembles the current Airbus A320 family — aside from its fuel source.Like on the turboprop, liquid hydrogen would be stored in tanks behind the rear pressure bulkhead.<h2>The ZEROe blended-wing aircraft</h2><div type="image" title="Airbus ZEROe Blended Wing Body Concept Hydrogen" height="2414" width="3626" msid="78259408" hostid="261"></div>The most futuristic of the three concept aircraft — and the only one with a radically different design than the airplanes of today — the ZEROe "blended-wing" design will give Airbus' engineers and potential future customers the most options to play with.The abnormally wide body means there will be many different possible ways to store liquid hydrogen, and for airlines to lay out their cabins. Any design would be finalized as Airbus finishes developing the technology that will go into the planes, and determines what would be the most efficient.This aircraft would carry up to 200 passengers, and Airbus says it would have a "similar" range to that of the turbofan jet plane. It would also be powered by two turbofan jet engines, which would be shaped differently than on the traditional turbofan plane."Hydrogen has a different volumetric energy density than jet fuel so we have to study other storage options and aircraft architectures than existing ones," Jean-Brice Dumont, an executive vice president of engineering at Airbus, said in a statement. "This means the visual appearance of our future zero-emission aircraft will change. These three configurations provide us with some exciting options for further exploration."<h2>The quest for a carbon neutral airplane</h2><div type="image" title="ZEROe concept aircraft Airbus Hydrogen" height="1080" width="1920" msid="78259413" hostid="261"></div>Airlines and aerospace manufacturers have been searching for ways to make their operations greener for years.The United Nation's aviation body, the International Civil Aviation Organization, forecasts greenhouse gas emissions from airplanes could increase significantly in the next few decades. (These numbers do not account for the travel-suppressing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.)To date, airlines have addressed <keyword id="6361617" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change">climate change</keyword> mostly by replacing older fleets with new, more efficient aircraft, and making incremental changes where possible. For example, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/airlines-greenhouse-gasses-aviation-reduce-2019-11">American Airlines said</a> it decreased fuel use by 4% by installing small vertical pieces, called winglets, onto the ends of wings on most of its planes. The devices improve the wing's lift by changing its aerodynamic profile.Airlines have also focused on purchasing carbon offsets. However, offsets don't directly reduce emissions; instead, they fund ecofriendly activities that have a positive effect, theoretically cancelling out the negative impact of an action — airlines are increasingly offering them to passengers for their flights. However, offsets have been criticized as ineffective.Biofuels are another option which is being implemented today.However, there's limited supply right now, which makes scaling up difficult. Plus, some biofuels use stock feeds that are even less efficient than traditional fossil fuels, meaning emissions end up even higher.There are even more complications, including threats of deforestation in order to grow stock for the biofuels — that could even accelerate climate change.Ultimately, the only thing that will make a major impact on emission levels is reliance on a new fuel source. Although Airbus says its hydrogen planes are still 15 years away, the concept could develop into the next era of air travel.

Airbus has revealed three zero-emission plane designs that could become reality in just 15 years — take a look at the hydrogen-powered aircraft of the future

One thing that the entire country is worried about today is rising fuel prices that are burning a hole in our pockets. <div type="image" title="Simpson meme" msid="91155009" hostid="261"></div> The price of crude oil, which is used to make petrol and diesel, shot up after Russia – one of the major oil-producing countries – went onto the battlefield with Ukraine. India currently imports <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/crude-oil-surges-significantly-to-109-per-barrel-as-countries-look-for-options-other-than-russia/articleshow/89936843.cms">85% of its oil demand </a>and the rise in crude oil prices directly increases import bill and expenses. And crude oil prices have increased more than 50% in the last one year <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/crude-oil-surges-significantly-to-109-per-barrel-as-countries-look-for-options-other-than-russia/articleshow/89936843.cms">to $100 from $60 a year </a>ago. This ever-increasing demand for fuel and dependency on imported crude oil for domestic needs has made us wonder if there's an alternative solution to this problem. Yes, there is! <keyword id="169046" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="hydrogen" source="Orion">Hydrogen</keyword>. What is hydrogen and can it be used as a fuel? Hydrogen is a <keyword id="154273" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="clean-energy" source="Orion">clean energy</keyword> alternative and can be made directly from fossil fuels or biomass, or it can be produced by passing electricity through water. <keyword id="8411893" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="green-hydrogen" source="Orion">Green hydrogen</keyword> (GH2) can be generated by breaking water (H20) into hydrogen and oxygen through the electrolysis of water. An electrical current is used to separate hydrogen from oxygen in water and it is extracted without generating any net carbon emissions. This also means that the energy created from hydrogen does not release toxic carbon dioxide, which makes it one of many potential energy sources that could help reduce carbon emissions and slow global warming. <div type="image" title="The process of producing Green Hydrogen" msid="91155052" hostid="261"></div> This green fuel can be utilised as a source of energy in transport, electricity production, and industry activity. It can power anything that uses electricity including electric vehicles and electronic devices. It can also be used as a <a href="https://telanganatoday.com/what-exactly-is-green-hydrogen-and-will-it-be-the-fuel-of-the-future">substitute </a>for natural gas for cooking and heating within homes. If the electricity needed for electrolysis is generated from renewable sources such as solar or wind, the production of green hydrogen does not emit any harmful gases unlike coal and oil. It only emits water vapour. Hydrogen is also the most <a href="https://www.precedenceresearch.com/green-hydrogen-market">abundant </a>element on the planet and offers tremendous promise for innovation. Hence, this is the most eco-friendly way of producing fuel. This is why different countries are rushing to include green hydrogen in their clean energy initiatives. Government bodies around the world have been investing time and money for research into this sustainable source of energy. And India has also taken some steps towards clean energy. According to market research and consulting organisation Precedence <a href="https://www.precedenceresearch.com/green-hydrogen-market">Research</a>, the global green hydrogen market was valued at $1.83 billion in 2021 and is expected to hit over US $89.18 billion by 2030, poised to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 54% from 2021 to 2030. The report goes on to say that the Asia-Pacific region is the <a href="https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2022/01/11/2364715/0/en/Green-Hydrogen-Market-Size-to-Surpass-US-89-18-Bn-by-2030.html">fastest </a>growing region in the green hydrogen market. <div type="image" title="Growth expectation for global hydrogen market" msid="91155036" hostid="261"></div> Not to forget, Prime Minister Narendra Modi had announced the <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-can-be-global-hub-of-green-hydrogen-says-pm-narendra-modi-122030401489_1.html">Green </a>Hydrogen Policy and this target of becoming net zero carbon emission by 2070, earlier this year, with the goal of making India a "green hydrogen hub," or a prominent producer and exporter of "green hydrogen." The government policy is aimed at boosting green hydrogen production in the country, which can also reduce India’s dependence on importing over 80% of the oil and gas requirements. The policy focuses on increasing dependency on cleaner forms of energy and abandoning fossil fuels. The policy says green hydrogen and green ammonia is one of the major requirements for reduction of emissions. The government believes hydrogen can play a huge role in shifting to clean energy. It allows companies to easily set up the capacity to generate electricity from renewable sources such as solar or wind anywhere in the country. The government is also planning to bring a production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme for manufacturing electrolysers for producing green hydrogen. Large companies like <keyword id="6355199" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="reliance-industries" source="Orion">Reliance Industries</keyword> Limited (RIL), Adani Group, Larsen &amp; Toubro (L&amp;T) with multiple factories that release several forms of chemicals in some way or another will take advantage of the policy. In fact, they have laid out a roadmap already to enter the green hydrogen market. Huge conglomerates like RIL have their own emission target of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2035. In June 2021, RIL had also said that it is planning to invest <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/yessarrosendar/2022/01/14/indian-billionaire-mukesh-ambanis-reliance-industries-to-invest-80-billion-in-renewable-energy-push/?sh=57ca8f7d7a2f">$10 billion</a> in <keyword id="34553" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="renewable-energy" source="Orion">renewable energy</keyword>. To help make Gujarat net-zero carbon, Reliance proposes to invest $67.4 billion in the state over 10 to 15 years to set up a 100 gigawatt renewable energy power plant and green hydrogen ecosystem development. <ul><li>Reliance Industries has announced to produce green hydrogen and also make an electrolyser factory to manufacture green energy.</li><li>Larsen &amp; Toubro announced plans to manufacture hydrogen electrolysers in India. Recently, it entered into a pact with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Bombay to carry out a joint research and develop the green hydrogen technology.</li><li>Indian Oil Corp, one of the largest fossil fuel retailers, also announced its plans to build a green hydrogen plant at its Mathura refinery in Uttar Pradesh.</li><li>GAIL plans to build India's largest green hydrogen-making plant as it looks to supplement its natural gas business with carbon-free fuel.</li><li>NTPC also plans to produce green hydrogen.</li></ul>The policy allows 25 years of free inter-state power transmission for any new renewable energy plants that produce green hydrogen for projects commissioned before June 30, 2025. This means that a green hydrogen producer will be able to set up a solar power plant and supply in states and not pay any inter-state transmission charges. Currently, green hydrogen technology is still at the stage of emergence. The country has to overcome a few barriers such as price, storage, and logistics, to ensure a smooth transition towards the green hydrogen ecosystem. Here’s an explainer video about everything green hydrogen, challenges that the world currently faces to store GH2, positives from India's <keyword id="13040691" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="green-hydrogen-policy" source="Orion">Green Hydrogen policy</keyword> and five stocks that will benefit from it. <div type="image" title="Everything green hydrogen" msid="91155096" hostid="261"></div>

SIMPLY PUT: Everything you need to know about green hydrogen and India’s new policy around it

An aviation startup has completed what it calls the world's first hydrogen fuel cell-powered passenger aircraft flight

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Japan Airlines is looking at the feasibility of hydrogen-electric aircraft via three new partnerships.</li><li>The use of hydrogen over kerosene would decrease aircraft CO2 emissions but limit range and capacity.</li><li>According to the World Bank, more than 98% of the world's hydrogen is made using natural gas or coal.</li></ul>One of Asia's largest airlines is placing big bets on hydrogen.In mid-November, Japan Airlines announced a series of deals with global manufacturers of hydrogen-electric aircraft and engines to explore the feasibility of flying emissions-free passenger planes.These forward-thinking manufacturers are big names in the hydrogen industry and include Germany's H2Fly, California's Universal Hydrogen, and the British-American company ZeroAvia. All three have successfully <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/power-players-aviation-sustainability-electric-hydrogen-flight-2022-5">flown hydrogen-powered aircraft</a> this year.The technology uses a hydrogen fuel cell to generate electricity and run electric motors, or hydrogen can be combusted to power engines.In either case, existing jet engines could be converted to work on hydrogen fuel, and the flights would be carbon-free so long as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hydrogen-energy-help-climate-crisis-but-still-hurdles-2023-10">"green" hydrogen</a> was used, or hydrogen made using renewable energy.An August study from the <a target="_blank" href="https://theicct.org/publication/fuel-cell-retrofit-aug23/">International Council on Clean Transportation</a>, a US nonprofit think tank, found hydrogen fuel cells using green liquid hydrogen could reduce greenhouse-gas emissions by 88%.<h2>A growing market</h2>With hydrogen proving a popular solution and world governments <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/aviation-industry-net-zero-by-2050-disagree-decarbonization-2023-12">committing to net-zero emissions by 2050</a>, Japan Airlines' new partners are all racing to capitalize on the growing hydrogen market.In March, Universal Hydrogen flew the world's first hydrogen-powered regional airliner — an ATR 72 turboprop nicknamed Lightning McClean, which operated on hydrogen in only one engine for safety reasons.<div type="image" title="First UH liquid hydrogen flight on ATR 72." height="1706" width="2560" msid="106192276" hostid="261" sizebytes="127162"></div>The success is part of the company's development of ATR 72 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/startups-hydrogen-aircraft-market-aviation-aerodelft-joby-climate-carbon">conversion kits</a>, for which it has secured 250 orders. The kits would allow operators to fit existing kerosene-burning aircraft engines with hydrogen-fuel-cell powertrains.ZeroAvia, a competitor, is pursuing a similar venture with the hydrogen-electric engine it's building for passenger aircraft, describing hydrogen fuel as the "only viable, scalable solution for zero-emission aviation."<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/zeroavia-wins-amazon-shell-funding-transform-aviation-industry-hydrogen-2021-2">With backing from Bill Gates, Amazon, and Shell</a>, ZeroAvia hopes to create powertrains capable of powering planes with anywhere from nine to over 200 people on board by 2040.<div type="image" title="ZeroAvia's world's first hydrogen-electric passenger plane flight" height="1667" width="2500" msid="106192277" hostid="261" sizebytes="148232"></div>The company <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/worlds-first-hydrogen-fuel-cell-powered-passenger-aircraft-flight-2020-10#however-this-hydrogen-electric-flight-isnt-the-projects-only-flight-to-have-taken-place-so-far-2">operated its first hydrogen-electric flight</a> in January using a 19-seater turboprop.Meanwhile, H2Fly operated the world's first piloted liquid-hydrogen flight in September using its four-seater HY4 demonstrator aircraft. The company said it's looking to size up to regional airliners soon.Other plane makers, such as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/see-a380-demonstrator-jet-that-will-test-hydrogen-powered-engines-2022-2">Airbus and Embraer, are also building hydrogen-powered aircraft</a> as part of their decarbonization efforts.<h2>Hydrogen powertrains are not strong enough yet to power large airliners</h2><div type="image" title="H2FLY's H2Y hydrogen plane flying." height="683" width="1024" msid="106192278" hostid="261" sizebytes="46660"></div>For now, the small prop planes are likely to remain the popular option for hydrogen-powered engines because the current technology is not strong enough to power the medium and large airliners that make up most of the world's passenger jets, according to the International Council on Clean Transportation.This is likely not an issue for Japan Airlines, though, as its new partnerships are directed at deploying hydrogen aircraft on short, regional routes around Japan."JAL group already operates 50 regional aircraft which will be relevant to hydrogen-electric propulsion technology in the foreseeable future," James Peck, ZeroAvia's chief customer officer, said in a press release.The airline's regional connector, Japan Air Commuter, already operates a small fleet of ATR 72 planes, so its investment in Universal Hydrogen could prove lucrative thanks to its conversion kits for the turboprop.There's a downside to using hydrogen on these tinier planes, though.Because hydrogen is light and requires a lot of storage space because of the immense volume needed compared with kerosene, these smaller aircraft sacrifice range and payload capacity — meaning they could become a cost burden for operators.But the range issue could be remedied with the use of liquid hydrogen over gaseous hydrogen, as shown by H2Fly's recent flight. According to the company, its September H2Y flight soared 932 miles using liquid hydrogen but only 466 miles using gaseous hydrogen."In the years to come, battery-electric and hydrogen-electric propulsion systems will enable us to build aircraft that are quieter and make mid- to long-range air travel possible with zero emissions," Universal Hydrogen said.<h2>The debate between 'green' and 'blue' hydrogen</h2><div type="image" title="Hydrogen renewable energy production pipeline - hydrogen gas for clean electricity solar and windturbine facility." height="3359" width="5015" msid="106192279" hostid="261" sizebytes="738898"></div>In addition to range and capacity problems, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-hydrogen-fuel-industry-explainer-2020-1">hydrogen engines</a> have faced pushback from environmental advocates who worry that hydrogen production will further the fossil-fuel crisis.In October, the Biden administration announced $7 billion in funding to create "clean" hydrogen hubs, two-thirds of which were planned to be dedicated to producing green hydrogen via electrolysis — the process of splitting water into hydrogen and water.This, however, leaves room for what's known as "blue" hydrogen, created from a combination of natural gas and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-first-commercial-carbon-capture-facility-opens-2023-11">carbon capture and storage</a>.The process is considered carbon-neutral, but environmentalists say the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-hydrogen-fuel-industry-explainer-2020-1">burning of natural gas</a> inherently means excess methane emissions — which is a much more potent greenhouse gas compared with CO2, though it doesn't sit in the atmosphere as long.According to the <a target="_blank" href="https://blogs.worldbank.org/energy/unleashing-power-hydrogen-clean-energy-transition">World Bank</a>, more than 98% of the world's hydrogen is made via natural gas or coal — meaning just a small portion is truly zero-emissions green hydrogen. "Gray" hydrogen — the same as blue minus the carbon capture — is the most abundant."It takes a lot of energy to capture the carbon dioxide, and that comes from burning even more natural gas," Robert Howarth, a professor of ecology and environmental biology at Cornell University, told Business Insider's Catherine Boudreau in October. "So it's not a surprise to me that the oil and gas industry likes the idea of blue hydrogen."However, Brian Korgel, the director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin, told BI that the companies vying for hydrogen-hub funding had to meet strict criteria."There's some safeguards," Korgel said. "These projects have to meet emissions standards, and it's not in companies' benefit to do the smoke-and-mirrors thing because they won't get the grant money, which ratchets up over time."

Japan Airlines is looking at hydrogen-electric-powered aircraft as a solution to the aviation industry's carbon problem

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Hydrogen power is an exciting form of clean energy.</li><li>But hydrogen typically needed to be produced in a lab using energy-intensive methods.</li></ul>Two scientists in France have discovered what may be the largest known deposit of a clean energy resource that could be a saving grace in mitigating <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/climate-change">climate change</a>.Jacques Pironon and Phillipe De Donato, directors of research at France's National Centre of Scientific Research, found a deposit between 6 million to 250 million metric tons of white hydrogen, or naturally occurring hydrogen gas, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/29/climate/white-hydrogen-fossil-fuels-climate/index.html">CNN</a> reported.White hydrogen is relatively new to scientists. A study in 2018 that analyzed a well in Mali producing 98% hydrogen gas brought the resource to the attention of the scientific community, CNN reported.Now, researchers across the globe are interested in white hydrogen — and it could help us "get to speed" on saving the world from the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/climate-change">climate crisis</a>, geochemist Viacheslav Zgonnik told CNN.<h2>What is white hydrogen and why is it special?</h2>Hydrogen energy is not a new idea — it only produces water when burned, making it an environment-friendly energy source.But until recently, scientists thought mass amounts could only be produced in a lab."If you had asked me four years ago what I thought about natural hydrogen, I would have told you, 'Oh, it doesn't exist,'" Geoffrey Ellis, a geochemist with the US Geological Survey, told CNN.And turns out, Ellis would've been wrong.White hydrogen refers to naturally occurring hydrogen. Its "color" indicates its origin: it is naturally produced in the Earth's crust.Other "shades" of hydrogen are produced in a lab. They include <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hydrogen-energy-help-climate-crisis-but-still-hurdles-2023-10">green hydrogen</a> — which is made from electrolysis, the process of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen — and gray hydrogen, which is made from methane gas, Insider previously reported.While hydrogen is the most abundant element, it is usually attached to other molecules — making the lab production process necessary. But separating hydrogen is energy-intensive and typically powered by fossil fuels, CNN reported.Because it doesn't require any of these energy-intensive processes, climate experts say white hydrogen could be our saving grace, according to CNN. It's also cheaper: white hydrogen is estimated to cost about $1 per kilogram to produce, while green hydrogen costs about $6 per kilogram, per CNN.Several start-ups are already exploring how to commercialize white hydrogen, CNN reported.Ellis told CNN that speed is vital to ensure white hydrogen can help curb the climate crisis.But Zgonnik told CNN he's hopeful about the turnaround time."We have all necessary technology we need, with some slight modifications," Zgonnik said.The discovery of the largest-known white hydrogen deposit yet comes just months after the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-announces-summer-2023-hottest-on-record/">hottest summer on global record</a> came to an end — a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/summer-2023-heat-wave-tracker-temperature-records-2023-5">concerning milestone</a> for climate researchers and activists.

What is white hydrogen? Scientists say the clean-energy gas could save the world.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Hydrogen peroxide does kill <keyword id="64150" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Germs">germs</keyword>, including most viruses and bacteria. </li><li>A concentration of 3% hydrogen peroxide is an effective <keyword id="775645" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="disinfectant">disinfectant</keyword> typically found in stores. </li><li>Hydrogen peroxide can damage some surfaces, and is a more dangerous chemical than some disinfectants, so be cautious when handling it. </li></ul>Hydrogen peroxide is often used to clean skin wounds and prevent infection from minor cuts and scrapes. As a household cleaner, it's also <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/tables/table4.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">an effective disinfectant</a> that will kill viruses, bacteria, and other germs, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Here's what you need to know about using hydrogen peroxide as a disinfectant in your home. <h2>Hydrogen peroxide does kill germs and viruses</h2>Hydrogen peroxide works as a disinfectant by <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/disinfection-methods/chemical.html#Hydrogen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">destroying essential components of germ cells</a>, and can deactivate a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. According to the CDC, a concentration of <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/disinfection-methods/chemical.html#Hydrogen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">3% hydrogen peroxide can inactivate rhinovirus</a> - the respiratory <keyword id="10860" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Virus">virus</keyword> that primarily causes the common cold - within eight minutes. In addition, a <a href="https://aricjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13756-018-0447-5#Sec13" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2018 study</a> found that hydrogen peroxide was more effective in killing some forms of bacteria than the quaternary ammonium compounds found in many <a href="https://www.epa.gov/pesticide-registration/list-n-disinfectants-use-against-sars-cov-2" target="_blank" rel="noopener">household cleaning products</a>.When it comes to reducing the germs in your home and <a href="https://www.rutgers.edu/news/best-ways-kill-coronavirus-your-home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">containing the spread of coronavirus</a>, hydrogen peroxide is a good option to use on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass, and plastic, says <a href="https://www.acsh.org/profile/alex-berezow-phd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Alex Berezow</a>, PhD and vice president of scientific communications at the American Council on Science and <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">Health</keyword>. <h2>How to use hydrogen peroxide to kill viruses </h2>The typical 3% hydrogen peroxide concentration found in stores <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/epa-registered-cleaning-products#clorox-commercial-solutions-hydrogen-peroxide-cleaner-disinfectant-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">can be used as a disinfectant</a>, or you can dilute it to a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/hydrogen-peroxide" target="_blank" rel="noopener">0.5% concentration</a>, which still has some effectiveness, using a mixture of 2.5 parts water and 0.5 parts 3% hydrogen peroxide. Before disinfecting any surface with hydrogen peroxide, the CDC recommends using soap and water to clean the area. Once you've done so, you can pour or spray hydrogen peroxide on the surface and wipe with a paper towel or sponge. After you've used hydrogen peroxide, make sure to leave it on the surface for at least <a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2013-11/documents/green_cleaning.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">one minute</a> before drying to give it enough time to kill pathogens.If you're cleaning with 3% hydrogen peroxide, use caution on some surfaces - such as countertops made of marble or granite - as its slight acidity <a href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/how-does-acid-precipitation-affect-marble-and-limestone-buildings?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products" target="_blank" rel="noopener">can break down</a> the finish of these surfaces over time. It can also cause discoloration, so test it out on a small spot of a colored surface before using it on a larger area.<h2>Be careful when handling hydrogen peroxide</h2>Hydrogen peroxide is safe to use alone, but shouldn't be mixed with other household cleaning agents, like <a href="https://www.insider.com/does-vinegar-kill-germs-and-viruses" target="_blank" rel="noopener">vinegar</a> or bleach. Both vinegar and hydrogen peroxide can be used on the same surface if you make sure the area dries between uses, but they should not be combined in the same container. Mixing hydrogen peroxide and vinegar creates peracetic acid, Berezow says, which can irritate your eyes, skin, and respiratory system. "It's not wise to mix chemicals, as a general rule," Berezow says. Hydrogen peroxide is highly biodegradable, but concentrations <a href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Hydrogen-peroxide#section=Physical-Description" target="_blank" rel="noopener">higher than 3% can be dangerous</a>. For example, concentrations of hydrogen peroxide <a href="https://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/890" target="_blank" rel="noopener">greater than 30% can cause explosions</a> when combined with metals like copper and iron. In addition, the potency of hydrogen peroxide will reduce as it is exposed to light. For optimal use, the CDC recommends storing hydrogen peroxide <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/disinfection/disinfection-methods/chemical.html#Hydrogen" target="_blank" rel="noopener">in a dark container</a> to keep its concentration stable and effective at killing germs.<h2>Related stories about keeping germ-free:</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/what-temperature-kills-germs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">What temperature kills germs? How to use heat properly to get rid of bacteria and viruses</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/does-alcohol-kill-germs" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Does alcohol kill germs? Yes, as long as the solution is strong enough</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/does-vinegar-kill-germs-and-viruses" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Does vinegar kill germs? It isn't the best disinfectant for viruses</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-disinfecting-cleaner" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The best disinfecting cleaners</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/does-hand-sanitizer-work" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Does hand sanitizer work? The difference between sanitizer and soap</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/does-hand-sanitizer-expire" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hand sanitizer does expire - here's whether it's still worth using</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/how-do-viruses-spread" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How do viruses spread and how to protect yourself against infection</a></li></ul>

Hydrogen peroxide kills most viruses and bacteria - here's how to use it effectively

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hydrogen-energy-help-climate-crisis-but-still-hurdles-2023-10">Clean hydrogen fuel</a> may occur naturally in large underground reservoirs across the planet.</li><li>Big companies, startups, and the US government are all trying to tap into this carbon-free fuel.</li></ul>Believe it or not, drilling for a certain type of gas could open up a new world of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/white-hydrogen-france-clean-energy-climate-change-2023-10">clean energy</a>.Trillions of tons of lightweight, energy-dense hydrogen gas may be hidden deep underground. Those natural reservoirs, known as geologic hydrogen, could be a fruitful <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-first-commercial-carbon-capture-facility-opens-2023-11">carbon-free fuel</a> source.Geologic hydrogen is so promising that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-wealth-donations-charity-foundation-worlds-richest-people-list-2022-7">Bill Gates</a>, Amazon, and United Airlines are just some of the funders behind a startup called Koloma, which thinks it can tap into those reserves. Oil and gas giants BP and Chevron have joined a consortium to study geologic hydrogen. Even the US Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee is interested. It held a hearing on the subject last week."The vast majority of the in-place hydrogen is likely to be in accumulations that are too deep, too far <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-powers-on-16-megawatt-offshore-wind-turbine-taiwan-strait-2023-7">offshore</a>, or too small to ever be economically recovered," Geoffrey Ellis, a USGS geologist, said in the February 28 hearing. "However, if even a small fraction of this amount could be recovered, that would constitute a significant resource."<div type="image" title="hydrogen power plant with tall stacks emitting steam clouds into a blue sky" height="1500" width="2242" msid="108310178" hostid="261"></div>Hydrogen burns clean, but manufacturing it takes a lot of energy and expense, and even <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/urban-farming-gardening-carbon-footpring-study-produce-2024-2">creates carbon dioxide</a>. Still, it's a key pillar of President Joe Biden's clean-energy strategy, which is pumping $7 billion into seven hydrogen hubs across the country.Drawing from natural reservoirs of hydrogen would be much cleaner — if it's worth the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-approval-alaska-drilling-could-be-big-oils-last-surge-2023-3">drilling</a>.<h2>A hydrogen gold rush is beginning</h2>It's a relatively new prospect. In fact, scientists didn't believe it was possible for large amounts of hydrogen to accumulate underground until about 12 years ago, according to Ellis, who leads USGS efforts to map the world's potential reserves of underground hydrogen.That's when an <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fossil-fuel-companies-spend-millions-to-promote-individual-responsibility-2021-3">oil and gas company</a> assessed a mine that had exploded in Mali and found it was full of hydrogen gas.Hydrogen forms deep underground when water reacts with iron-rich rock. In the US, two long stretches of this rock are a promising place to look for hydrogen reserves, and efforts are already underway.One stretch runs from Kansas up to Ontario, then down to Michigan. The other is offshore, running the length of New Jersey to Georgia, according to Ellis. USGS started looking for these reserves in 2021 and has drilled several wells, with more planned this year.Ellis told the Senate committee that research is also ongoing in France and Australia, and active exploration efforts are underway in Brazil and Colombia. In February, researchers announced they had discovered a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/researchers-discover-albanian-mine-could-be-hydrogen-source-2024-3">hydrogen reservoir in a mine in Albania</a>.<div type="image" title="Bulqizë chromite mine" height="396" width="594" msid="108310180" hostid="261"></div>"Companies exploring for geologic hydrogen use many of the same technologies that are used in the oil and gas industry," Senator John Barrasso (R-WY) said in the hearing. "In fact, many of the people exploring for hydrogen today spent their careers exploring for oil and gas."It's still unclear how much hydrogen is out there, or how much it will cost to extract it. So the DOE's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy is doling out $20 million in grants to fund research on the subject, including the possibility of artificially stimulating the natural process that makes hydrogen underground."If our programs show success, this new source of hydrogen could lower energy costs and increase our nation's energy security and supply chains," Evelyn N. Wang, director of ARPA-E, told the Senate committee.Even so, the fuel would face some of the same challenges as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-hydrogen-fuel-industry-explainer-2020-1">manufactured hydrogen</a>. There may not be enough infrastructure to transport it far and wide. In the process, any hydrogen that leaks into the atmosphere would react with other compounds to cause the atmosphere to trap more heat. That could cancel out hydrogen's climate advantage over fossil fuels."Nobody has all the answers today," Koloma CEO and cofounder Pete Johnson told the Senate committee. "But the early data looks very promising and I believe that geologic hydrogen can play a very large role as we work to decarbonize the US energy economy."

Vast reserves of clean hydrogen fuel could be hiding beneath our feet

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Hydrogen has the potential to be a climate solution, but right now it's a dirty business.</li><li>The White House is spending $7 billion to spur "clean" hydrogen.</li><li>Some climate advocates, scientists worry that fossil-fuel companies will cash in. </li></ul>Most of us probably think of hydrogen in terms of H2O — the water we drink, bathe in, and cook with — but it has the potential to help build a low-carbon future.President Joe Biden <a target="_blank" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2023/10/13/biden-harris-administration-announces-regional-clean-hydrogen-hubs-to-drive-clean-manufacturing-and-jobs/">is pouring up to $7 billion</a> into seven hydrogen hubs in regions including the Gulf Coast, Pacific Northwest, and Appalachia. The goal is to spur the production of "clean" hydrogen, because the way it's currently produced is a dirty business.Most hydrogen is separated from methane in natural gas through an energy-intensive process that produces greenhouse-gas emissions responsible for warming the planet. Hydrogen is mainly used to refine oil and make chemical fertilizers, but experts say it can also be used for energy storage and as a fuel for long-haul trucks and airplanes. If the production process is cleaned up, it could help decarbonize industries that use hydrogen.But as with so many climate solutions, there's a debate over the best path forward. It boils down to this: Should hydrogen continue to be made from natural gas but paired with carbon-capture technology and storage? This is so-called "blue" hydrogen. Or should it be made from a renewable-energy powered process known as electrolysis, which splits water into hydrogen and oxygen? This is known as "green" hydrogen — an approach favored by many climate advocates. Both are still in the early stages of development.The White House said about two-thirds of the overall investment in hydrogen hubs will be associated with the green kind. That still didn't land well with some climate advocates and scientists, who <a target="_blank" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ese3.956">cite research suggesting that blue hydrogen</a> isn't clean at all."I think it's a scam," Robert Howarth, a professor of ecology and environmental biology at Cornell University, told Insider. "I don't use that word lightly."Howarth found <a target="_blank" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ese3.956">that blue hydrogen requires more natural gas,</a> and therefore produces more methane emissions. That's concerning because methane heats up the planet 80 times faster than carbon dioxide over a two-decade period, he said."It takes a lot of energy to capture the carbon dioxide, and that comes from burning even more natural gas," Howarth said. "So it's not a surprise to me that the oil and gas industry likes the idea of blue hydrogen."The Clean Air Task Force, an environmental nonprofit that's working with the US Department of Energy, hydrogen-hub project developers, and community-based groups, told Insider that they also support the White House's approach.Anna Menke, the task force's senior hydrogen-hubs manager, said she wants the debate to move away from green versus blue hydrogen because each technology has its pros and cons.Green hydrogen is more expensive and could lead to more emissions <a target="_blank" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/acacb5">than its conventional version</a> if electrolyzers aren't powered by additional renewable energy on the grid, Menke said. She acknowledged that for blue hydrogen to truly be a climate solution, oil and gas companies must reduce methane leaks in their infrastructures and develop carbon-capture systems that trap a lot of emissions and store them permanently, <a target="_blank" href="https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/se/d1se01508g">according to US and European researchers</a>.Hydrogen hub projects that applied for federal funding had to meet a range of criteria, including low emissions targets, Brian Korgel, director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin, told Insider. Korgel is working on the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.hyvelocityhub.com/">HyVelocity Hub along the Gulf Coast</a>, which was awarded $1.2 billion by the Biden administration and is led by companies including Chevron, ExxonMobil, and Sempra Infrastructure.The project aims to demonstrate that both blue and green hydrogen can be made with low emissions at a competitive cost, while creating jobs and other benefits for disadvantaged communities. Korgel's team at the Energy Institute is conducting environmental and economic analyses of the project."There's some safeguards," Korgel said. "These projects have to meet emissions standards, and it's not in companies' benefit to do the smoke and mirrors thing because they won't get the grant money, which ratchets up over time."Korgel noted that the federal definition of "clean" hydrogen has been evolving, but should be more clear soon.An unlikely government agency could settle the debate. The Internal Revenue Service has to decide what "clean" hydrogen is eligible for a tax credit worth up to an estimated $100 billion over its lifetime.

Can hydrogen be green? The debate heats up as the White House pours $7 billion into hydrogen hubs

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A team of researchers recently discovered a massive reservoir of hydrogen in a mine in Albania.</li><li>Its concentrations of hydrogen are so high that it has caused explosions and killed miners.</li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-hydrogen-fuel-industry-explainer-2020-1">Hydrogen is becoming a favorable alternative to fossil fuels</a> because it doesn't release carbon into the environment when burned. The downside is that generating it has long been an energy-intensive business that emits greenhouse gasses that warm the planet. But recently, a team of researchers uncovered a massive reservoir of hydrogen buried in a mine in Albania that could serve as a source of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/white-hydrogen-france-clean-energy-climate-change-2023-10">clean, hydrogen energy</a>. The reservoir — located in the Bulqizë chromite mine just 25 miles east of Albania's capital, Tirana — vents at least 200 tons of H2 gas per year, the researchers said in their <a target="_blank" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk9099">report, published last month in the journal Science</a>. They reported that that's one of the largest recorded flow rates of H2 to date. "What we have observed deep in the mine is another dimension," Laurent Truche, the study's lead author, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.livescience.com/planet-earth/energy/massive-hydrogen-reservoir-discovered-beneath-an-albanian-mine-could-be-an-untapped-source-of-clean-energy">told</a> Live Science. The reservoir "turns a draining pool inside a mine gallery into a breathtaking 30-square-meter [323 square feet] jacuzzi bubbling with almost pure hydrogen." But hydrogen is also a highly flammable gas, and the high concentrations within the mine have reportedly caused three explosions that have killed four miners and injured several others since 2011, according to Live Science. If the hydrogen in the mine can be safely harnessed, the researchers believe it could be a key energy source. And while large, natural reservoirs of hydrogen similar to this are rare, the researchers note that places with similar geology may be good targets for locating other sources. The discovery comes just months after President Joe Biden announced an <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hydrogen-tax-credit-plan-biden-administration-details-2023-12">initiative to pour $7 billion into seven hydrogen hubs</a> in the US in regions including the Gulf Coast, Pacific Northwest, and Appalachia. One of the initiative's goals is for the hubs to produce "more than three million metric tons of clean hydrogen per year," about one-third of the 2030 US clean hydrogen production goal.

You Searched For "hydrogen" and got 12 results

Plug Power jumps 13% after it partners with Airbus to study and develop hydrogen-powered air travel

Matthew Fox

IndianOil unveils India's first green hydrogen-run bus that emits just water

PTI

IIT Jodhpur researchers develop catalytic materials to produce high-purity hydrogen

ANI

Airbus has revealed three zero-emission plane designs that could become reality in just 15 years — take a look at the hydrogen-powered aircraft of the future

David Slotnick

SIMPLY PUT: Everything you need to know about green hydrogen and India’s new policy around it

An aviation startup has completed what it calls the world's first hydrogen fuel cell-powered passenger aircraft flight

Brittany Chang

Japan Airlines is looking at hydrogen-electric-powered aircraft as a solution to the aviation industry's carbon problem

Taylor Rains

What is white hydrogen? Scientists say the clean-energy gas could save the world.

Katie Hawkinson

Hydrogen peroxide kills most viruses and bacteria - here's how to use it effectively

Erin Heger

Vast reserves of clean hydrogen fuel could be hiding beneath our feet

Morgan McFall-Johnsen

Can hydrogen be green? The debate heats up as the White House pours $7 billion into hydrogen hubs

Catherine Boudreau

Researchers just discovered a massive 'jacuzzi bubbling with almost pure hydrogen' — a lucrative source of clean energy

Lakshmi Varanasi

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