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<ul class="summary-list"><li>A giant "city killer" asteroid will safely shoot past Earth today traveling at 41,000 mph.</li><li>Its closest approach to Earth will be 1.77 million miles, over seven times the distance to the moon.</li></ul>NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has spotted a giant <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-predicts-exact-date-asteroid-hit-earth-atomic-bomb-bennu-2023-9">"city killer" asteroid</a> flying toward Earth. And this afternoon, it will reach its closest approach to our planet, about 1.77 million miles away.For reference, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mind-boggling-nasa-photo-shows-moon-distance-from-earth-2022-10">the moon</a> is about 239,000 miles from Earth, so this asteroid will be 7.4 times as far from Earth as the moon is. The speedy space rock is expected to be zipping along at about 41,000 mph and measures roughly 890 feet across, or roughly the size of a US football stadium, according to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroid-watch/next-five-approaches">NASA</a>.<div type="image" title="View of a football stadium from above." height="2051" width="1461" msid="107369399" hostid="261" sizebytes="513156"></div>Experts sometimes call asteroids this size "city killers" because they're capable of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-dart-mission-cant-protect-earth-without-surveilling-asteroids-2022-9">destroying an entire city</a> if they collide with an inhabited part of Earth.Still, this asteroid will be too small and far away to see without a telescope. It will be about 10,000 times fainter than the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/type-be-vampire-stars-secret-helper-2023-11">faintest stars</a> visible to the naked eye, Gianluca Masi, an astrophysicist and the scientific director of the Virtual Telescope Project, told Business Insider over email.But if you want to catch a glimpse of the asteroid as it whizzes by, you're in luck!Masi and his colleagues will be recording the event live starting at 1 p.m. ET today. You can watch the livestream on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CtdiyL86JE&amp;ab_channel=TheVirtualTelescopeProject">YouTube</a> or in the video below.The livestream will track Asteroid 2008 OS7 as it flies by Earth. Viewers will be able to distinguish it as a tiny dot moving past other fixed tiny dots, aka stars, in the background. The livestream will last about 45 minutes, Masi said.VTP has recorded other flybys like this, and it's "something always very fascinating to see," Masi told BI.<h2>About Asteroid 2008 OS7</h2>Asteroid 2008 OS7 orbits the sun every 962 days. After passing by Earth, it will continue along its oval-shaped path through our solar system.Its oblong-shaped orbit means that each time the asteroid approaches Earth, its distance from our planet varies significantly.For example, the website <a target="_blank" href="https://www.spacereference.org/asteroid/2008-os7">Space Reference</a> estimates that upon its next close approach, in July 2037, it will be about 9.7 million miles from Earth.<h2>Potentially hazardous asteroids</h2>Asteroid 2008 OS7 is what <a target="_blank" href="https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/about/neo_groups.html">NASA calls</a> a "potentially hazardous" asteroid because of its size and how close it flies past Earth.An asteroid is considered potentially hazardous if it is at least 460 feet in diameter and orbits Earth within a distance of about 4.65 million miles.Scientists have identified more than <a target="_blank" href="https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/stats/totals.html">34,000 near-Earth objects</a>. Just over 2,300 have been designated <a target="_blank" href="https://www.space.com/ai-finds-first-potentially-dangerous-asteroid">potentially hazardous</a>.But NASA suspects there are many more out there that haven't been discovered. If a giant asteroid were on course to hit Earth, we'd need <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asteroid-simulation-reveals-need-years-of-warning-2021-5#:~:text=NASA%20is%20developing%20a%20space%20telescope%20to%20track%20asteroids&amp;text=NASA%20is%20planning%20a%20mission,into%20Earth's%20orbit%20in%202026.">five to 10 years of warning</a> to destroy or deflect it.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is working on the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/near-earth-object-surveyor">Near-Earth Object Surveyor mission</a>, set to launch in September 2027. It would send an infrared space telescope into Earth's orbit to expand NASA's search for near-Earth objects that could threaten our planet.

A football stadium-sized asteroid will blaze by Earth today. Here's how to watch the potentially hazardous 'city killer' live.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An annular <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-where-when-see-solar-eclipse-united-states-nasa-map-2023-3">solar eclipse</a> will cast a shadow on the sun and make a "<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ring-of-fire-solar-eclipse-how-to-watch-2021-6">ring of fire</a>" in the sky October 14.</li><li>In the western US, about 68 million people have a rare opportunity to see this <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-shows-triple-moon-eclipse-on-jupiter-2021-8">eclipse</a>.</li></ul>A <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/solar-eclipse-stunning-images-show-sun-obscured-in-rare-event-2021-6">solar eclipse</a> is coming to the western US this Saturday, October 14. It will begin in southwestern Oregon at 9:13 a.m. PDT and end in southern Texas at 12:03 p.m. CDT, according to NASA.Therefore, if you are one of the millions in its path, what time you can see the spectacular ring of fire will depend on where you're located.The entire event will take place over about 2.5 hours, as the moon crosses between the Earth and sun, eclipsing the sun as it goes. But only a brief window within that time frame will be when the ring of fire appears when the moon has nearly completely eclipsed the sun.Here's a quick snapshot of when the eclipse starts and when it reaches annularity (aka the ring of fire) for certain cities in each of the six states it will cross:<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 154px;" border="1"><tbody><tr style="height: 22px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 22px;">City</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">Time eclipse starts</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">Time of annularity</td></tr><tr style="height: 22px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 22px;">Eugene, Oregon</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">8:06 a.m. PDT</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">9:16 a.m. PDT</td></tr><tr style="height: 22px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 22px;">Alturas, California</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">8:05 a.m. PDT</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">9:19 a.m. PDT</td></tr><tr style="height: 22px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 22px;">Battle Mountain, Nevada</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">8:06 a.m. PDT</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">9:21 a.m. PDT</td></tr><tr style="height: 22px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 22px;">Richfield, Utah</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">9:09 a.m. MDT</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">10:26 a.m. MDT</td></tr><tr style="height: 22px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 22px;">Albuquerque, New Mexico</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">9:13 a.m. MDT</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">10:34 a.m. MDT</td></tr><tr style="height: 22px;"><td style="width: 50%; height: 22px;">San Antonio, Texas</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">10:23 a.m. CDT</td><td style="width: 25%; height: 22px;">11:52 a.m. CDT</td></tr></tbody></table>NASA also released the map below of where in the US it will occur. People located within the shaded band will be able to see the ring of fire.But, as the map shows, even if you're not located within the prime path of annularity, you'll still be able to see a partial solar eclipse. For example, people in central Colorado will see 80% of the sun eclipsed while those in northeastern New York will see 20%.<div type="image" title="Map of where 2023 annular solar eclipse will happen in the US." height="571" width="788" msid="104405855" hostid="261" sizebytes="94948"></div>To figure out exactly when the eclipse happens for you and how much of the sun will be eclipsed in your location, visit <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/future-eclipses/eclipse-2023/where-when/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NASA's website</a>, which has an interactive calculator.It's worth stepping outside for a moment to glimpse this event since it may be your last opportunity to see <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/solar-maximum-could-sooner-than-expected-2023-6">the sun</a> swallowed in shadow for two decades.If you'd like to try to see it no matter where you are in the continental US, try looking outside around 12:35 p.m. ET / 11:35 a.m. CT / 10:35 a.m. MT / 9:35 a.m. PT."It's going to be absolutely breathtaking for science," Madhulika Guhathakurta, an astrophysicist specializing in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pico-solar-flares-erupting-hole-in-sun-nasa-esa-images-2023-8">the sun at NASA</a>, said in a briefing about the upcoming celestial event.No doubt <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-show-rare-total-solar-eclipse-over-antarctica-2021-12">the eclipse will be breathtaking</a> for viewers on the ground, too. Here's everything you need to know before the sun goes dark.<h2>What an annular solar eclipse is, and what causes it</h2><div type="image" title="Sequence of the 2019 annular solar eclipse." height="1298" width="2308" msid="104086962" hostid="261"></div>A solar eclipse occurs when <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mind-boggling-nasa-photo-shows-moon-distance-from-earth-2022-10">the moon</a> passes between the sun and Earth, blocking the sun from our view for a few fleeting minutes. When everything lines up just right, with the moon at the right distance to cover the sun's entire disc, we get a total solar eclipse.The eclipse on October 14, however, will be an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/watch-annular-ring-of-fire-solar-eclipse-video-2020-6">annular solar eclipse</a>. That's because the moon will be in the distant part of its orbit, appearing smaller in the sky and not fully covering the sun. It will leave a "ring of fire" protruding around its shadow, and the sky won't go completely dark.The ring of fire comes from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photo-international-space-station-hidden-passing-sun-2023-4">the sun's chromosphere</a>, a layer of its atmosphere where hydrogen atoms emit a reddish light."That's what makes it so beautiful," Guhathakurta said.<h2>Solar eclipses happen every year, but seeing them is rare</h2><div type="image" title="huddle of people look up toward the sun while holding pink eclipse glasses up to their eyes in front of a wall of sand colored bricks in desert landscape" height="1500" width="1999" msid="104086963" hostid="261"></div>Some kind of solar eclipse happens about two to five times per year, according to the Natural History Museum. A total eclipse occurs roughly every 18 months.They're often over the ocean or unpopulated places, though. It's rare to have an eclipse near you.Any one spot on Earth gets a total solar eclipse every 400 years, according to the museum.The US gets its next eclipse in April 2024. That eclipse will be total, and it will cut across the eastern US from Texas to Maine.After that, the contiguous US won't see another total solar eclipse until 2044, or an annular eclipse until 2046.<h2>Where to see the solar eclipse and stand in its 'umbra'</h2>The umbra, aka the moon's shadow, is the place to be. That's where you can see the annular eclipse and the ring of fire.The umbra will carve a narrow path across the western US, from the Oregon coast to Corpus Christi, Texas.About 68 million people live within a two-hour drive of the eclipse's path, according to Alex Lockwood of NASA's Science Mission Directorate. She added that the entire contiguous US will be able to see a partial solar eclipse, though the moon may just barely overlap the sun in many places.NASA created a detailed map, below, to show where exactly the umbra of the October eclipse will fall — that's the diagonal line on the western side of the country — as well as the 2024 total eclipse on the eastern side of the country.<div type="image" title="map of united states with two thick dark diagonal lines crossing it and meeting in texas representing two solar eclipses shadows" height="1700" width="3400" msid="104086965" hostid="261"></div>You can download a high-resolution version of the map with the exact timing of the eclipse in each city on <a href="https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/5073" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NASA's website</a>.<h2>How to view a solar eclipse without burning your eyes</h2>If you look at a solar eclipse with no protection, you could damage your eyes. That's because the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sun-hits-earth-with-2-powerful-x-class-solar-flares-2023-8">sun's ultraviolet radiation</a> can burn your retina, causing permanent damage within about 100 seconds, according to NASA. Since there are no pain receptors in your retina, you may not notice the damage until it's too late.<div type="image" title="donald trump looking up at the sun squinting beside melania and barron trump in front of white house" height="1497" width="1997" msid="104086967" hostid="261"></div>So don't look directly at the sun, even during the peak of an annular eclipse.Instead, get a pair of eclipse glasses or a handheld solar viewer online or from your local planetarium, which could be hosting an eclipse-watching event if it's in the path of the umbra.<div type="image" title="Two women in red shirts wearing square eclipse glasses look up in the sunlight." height="451" width="602" msid="104086968" hostid="261"></div>Make sure the solar filter in your glasses or handheld viewer has an ISO 12312-2:2015 certification. The manufacturer's name and address should be visible on the product, too.The National Park Service advises against using any solar filter that's torn, scratched, wrinkled, coming loose from its frame, or made before 2015.Do not look at the sun through a camera, telescope, or binoculars, even if you're wearing eclipse glasses or using a handheld solar filter. According to NPS, "the concentrated solar rays will damage the filter and enter your eye(s), causing serious injury."If you don't have a solar filter, you can use a technique called pin-hole projection to watch the eclipse unfold.You can do this with your hands, according to NPS: "Cross the outstretched, slightly open fingers of one hand over the outstretched, slightly open fingers of the other hand. With your back to the sun, look at your hands' shadow on the ground. The little spaces between your fingers will project a grid of small images on the ground, showing the sun as a crescent during the partial phases of the eclipse."Or you can follow <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/learn/project/how-to-make-a-pinhole-camera/%E2%80%8B" target="_blank" rel="noopener">NASA's guide</a> to make a projector out of card stock and aluminum foil. You can even use a kitchen colander to project a pinhole and watch the moon creep across the sun.

A rare solar eclipse is happening in the US this weekend and 68 million Americans have the chance to see it. Here's when, where, and how to see this spectacular 'ring of fire' safely.

<ul><li>The <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) has announced a free online course.</li><li>The course is aimed at educating students about various aspects of space science and technology.</li><li>Here’s everything you need to know about the free online course from ISRO.</li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced a free online course for students, named as “Overview of Space Science and Technology” which is aimed at providing information about various aspects of space science and technology. The free online course is available for both Indian and foreign students and is being conducted by the <keyword id="165681" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-institute-of-remote-sensing" source="Orion">Indian Institute of Remote Sensing</keyword> (IIRS) as part of the Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Who can apply for the free online course from ISRO?" comment="subhead" text="Who can apply for the free online course from ISRO?">Who can apply for the free online course from ISRO?</cmsannotation> The online course from ISRO is available for both Indian and foreign students above the age of 10 years. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="How to apply?" comment="subhead" text="How to apply?">How to apply?</cmsannotation> To apply for the online course, students need to visit the IIRS <a href="https://isat.iirs.gov.in/mooc.php">website</a> and register themselves. The students will then receive credentials on their email, allowing them to attend the sessions. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Everything you need to know about the course" comment="subhead" text="Everything you need to know about the course">Everything you need to know about the course</cmsannotation> The course will begin on June 6, 2022, and go on till July 5, 2022. It is a 10-hour course and students will be able to view the online videos in English. The course can be watched multiple times and a quiz will be conducted once the student has watched the videos. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Who will conduct the sessions?" comment="subhead" text="Who will conduct the sessions?">Who will conduct the sessions?</cmsannotation> The online course will be conducted by eminent space scientists from the country. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Will you get a certificate?" comment="subhead" text="Will you get a certificate?">Will you get a certificate?</cmsannotation> Students who have a 70% attendance and have scored a minimum of 60% in the quiz will be eligible to get a certificate from IIRS ISRO. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-to-chalk-out-plans-to-increase-number-of-launches-satellite-manufacturing/articleshow/90255221.cms">ISRO to chalk out plans to increase number of launches, satellite manufacturing</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/skyroot-has-raised-over-4-million-in-a-round-led-by-googles-earliest-backers/articleshow/89147628.cms">Indian spacetech startup Skyroot has raised over $4 million in a round led by one of Google’s earliest backers</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-test-fires-vikas-engine-that-that-will-be-used-in-the-gaganyaan-space-mission/articleshow/89035563.cms">ISRO test fires Vikas engine that that will be used in the Gaganyaan space mission</a>

ISRO announces free online course for students above 10 years – eligibility, how to apply and everything you need to know

New Delhi, Loaded with more fuel, a slew of fail-safe measures and a bigger landing site, the <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) is set to make yet another attempt to land on the moon with the launch of <keyword id="8011274" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-3" source="Orion">Chandrayaan-3</keyword> on Friday. Chandrayaan-3, set for lift-off at 2:35 pm on Friday, will be a follow-up mission after the crash-landing of Chandrayaan-2 in September 2019 due to a software glitch. <keyword id="14657097" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO-Chairman-S-Somanath" source="Orion">ISRO Chairman S Somanath</keyword> on Monday shared minute details about what went wrong with the <keyword id="7864315" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vikram-lander" source="Orion">Vikram lander</keyword> of Chandrayaan-2 as it went hurtling down towards the identified 500m x 500 m landing spot on the lunar surface with the engines designed to reduce its velocity developing higher thrust than expected. "The primary issues were, one we had five engines which were used to give the reduction of the velocity, which is called the retardation. These engines developed higher thrust than what was expected," he told reporters here on the sidelines of India Space Congress organised by SIA India. Somanath said that when such a higher thrust was happening, the errors on account of this differential were accumulated over some period. "All the errors got accumulated, which was on the higher side than what we had expected. The craft had to make very fast turns. When it started to turn very fast, its ability to turn was limited by the software, because we never expected such high rates to come. This was the second issue," the ISRO chief said. He said the third reason for failure was the small 500m x 500m site identified for landing the spacecraft. "The craft was trying to reach there by increasing the velocity. It was almost close to the ground and kept on increasing the velocity," Somanath said. He said instead of success-based design in Chandrayaan-2, the space agency opted for a failure-based design in Chandrayaan-3. "We expanded the area of landing from 500m x 500m to four km by 2.5 km. It can land anywhere, so it doesn't limit you to target a specific point. It will target a specific point only in nominal conditions. So, if the performance is poor, it can land anywhere within that area," Somanath said. He said the Chandrayaan-3 also has more fuel so that it has more capability to travel or handle dispersion or move to an alternate landing site. "We looked at very many failures - sensor failure, engine failure, algorithm failure, calculation failure. So, whatever be the failure we want it to land at the required speed and rate. So, there are different failure scenarios calculated and programmed inside," Somanath said. The ISRO chief said the Vikram lander now has additional solar panels on other surfaces to ensure that it generates power no matter how it lands. "We asked if it lands with higher velocity, what will happen? Can it not land? Then we increased the vertical velocity component from 2 m/s to 3 m/s and tested it totally," he said. The spacecraft was also tested for ability to withstand vibrations by flying it over different terrains using a helicopter, while cranes were used to test the landing processes, he said. "We did new test beds for simulation, which was not there last time. This was to look at failure scenarios," Somanath said.

Chandrayaan-3 to take it giant leap on Friday with more fuel & fail-safe measures

<ul class="summary-list"><li>On Saturday, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-advances-asteroid-tracking-space-telescope-after-years-of-limbo-2021-6">NASA</a> plans to launch its <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/osiris-rex-spacecraft-asteroids-trojan-2016-12">Lucy</a> probe to the Trojan <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asteroid-hit-ancient-middle-eastern-city-inspired-sodom-bible-story-2021-9">asteroids</a> that orbit the sun with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/5-years-of-stunning-jupiter-photos-nasa-juno-mission-2021-9">Jupiter</a>. </li><li>The Trojans are like <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fossil-footprints-humans-occupied-north-america-ice-age-2021-9">fossils</a>, unchanged since the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-animation-reveals-planets-wildly-different-speeds-2021-8">solar system</a> was born 4.6 billion years ago.</li><li><keyword id="12264053" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="lucy" source="Orion">Lucy</keyword> aims to visit eight <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asteroid-simulation-reveals-need-years-of-warning-2021-5">asteroids</a> - a record number of encounters.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hubble-space-telescope-wind-changes-jupiter-great-red-spot-2021-9">NASA</a> is about to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-launching-film-crew-to-space-station-2021-9">launch</a> an ambitious mission to explore swarms of <keyword id="12253294" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="asteroids" source="Orion">asteroids</keyword> as old as our <keyword id="11910185" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="solar-system" source="Orion">solar system</keyword>.Those asteroids, called Trojans, orbit the sun alongside <keyword id="11949137" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="jupiter" source="Orion">Jupiter</keyword>. One group of them leads the gas giant along its orbital path, and another group trails behind. These space rocks formed during the birth of our solar system nearly 4.6 billion years ago and have remained largely unchanged ever since.<div type="image" title="atlas v rocket lifting off" height="1920" width="1279" msid="87050188" hostid="261"></div>Scientists want to find out what those time capsules hold, so <keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="nasa" source="Orion">NASA</keyword> is sending a 52-foot-wide spacecraft, called Lucy, to investigate. The probe is set to launch aboard an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida, on Saturday morning.Lucy is scheduled to visit eight asteroids over the next 12 years. One of those space rocks is in the solar system's main asteroid belt, between Mars and Jupiter, which Lucy will pass on its way to the other seven asteroids, which are part of the Trojans."These objects we view as being the fossils of planet formation," Hal Levison, the mission's principal investigator, said in a briefing last month.<div type="image" title="animated diagram of trojan asteroid leading following jupiter on orbit around the sun" height="500" width="500" msid="86839250" hostid="261"></div>That's where Lucy gets its name - it's a reference to the famous 3.2-million-year-old fossilized human ancestor. At the time of her discovery, in 1974, Lucy was the oldest, most complete hominin skeleton ever found. She was evidence that human ancestors walked upright, which helped paleoanthropologists piece together humans' evolutionary history. Scientists hope that <keyword id="12264054" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="trojan-asteroids" source="Orion">Trojan asteroids</keyword> can do the same for the outer solar system."Some of the most important planetary <keyword id="11896083" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="science" source="Orion">science</keyword> questions we're trying to answer are focused on the origin and the evolution of the solar system. Asteroids and other small bodies are really important keys to understanding that history," Lori Glaze, NASA's director of planetary science, said in the briefing.<div type="image" title="lucy spacecraft folded up with rocket shell closing around it" height="2136" width="1700" msid="86839251" hostid="261"></div>Lucy's planned journey would lead it to visit more asteroids than any prior spacecraft. It will also venture further from the sun than any solar-powered probe has ever gone.<h2>Watch live as Lucy launches into space</h2>Liftoff is scheduled for 5:34 a.m. ET on Saturday. NASA plans to start its live launch broadcast at 5 a.m. in the video embedded below.If weather delays the launch, NASA has another 22 days in its window, with an hour-long launch opportunity each morning.<h2>Close encounters of the asteroid kind</h2><div type="image" title="trojan asteroids illustration rocks in space leading and following jupiter" height="1440" width="1920" msid="86839252" hostid="261"></div>Lucy's mission is seven years in the making. The original plan called for visits to just two asteroids, but NASA grew more ambitious as engineers and scientists designed the spacecraft and plotted its journey.Now, the probe has a record-breaking lineup. Some of its eight stops are two-for-ones: One asteroid has its own satellite - a smaller rock trapped in its orbit - and two of Lucy's targets are a pair of binary asteroids that circle each other.But Lucy's encounter with each space rock will be brief. The spacecraft can't slow down or land - that would require too much propellant - so it will zip within 600 miles of their surfaces, moving 3 to five 5 miles per second.During the few hours in which it approaches and passes the asteroids, Lucy's scientific instruments will collect data on their composition, density, and size. It could even discover rocks or rings circling the asteroids - features too small to see from Earth.By the end of Lucy's journey, NASA expects to have spent $981.1 million on the mission, according to Glaze.<h2>Lucy has to revisit Earth 3 times to hit its targets</h2><div type="image" title="lucy spacecraft trajectory diagram" height="2813" width="3750" msid="86839253" hostid="261"></div>Scientists have identified over 7,000 Trojan asteroids, split into three major types. One group resembles the space rocks in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, while the other two resemble icy objects in the Kuiper Belt on the outskirts of the solar system.This suggests that the various types of Trojans formed through different processes, and in different parts of the solar system. Scientists aren't sure how they ended up together along Jupiter's orbit. So Lucy will visit asteroids of each type in an attempt to find out."Covering this diversity is key. And finding a trajectory that actually will allow us to visit all these types of objects has been a real chore," Levison said.To reach all of its destinations, in fact, Lucy has to circle back to Earth three times to get a momentum boost from our planet's gravity. That will make it the first spacecraft to travel to Jupiter's orbit and back.<h2>NASA is going all in on asteroids</h2><div type="image" title="DART nasa mission approaching asteroid image edited for thumbnail" height="1406" width="2500" msid="86839254" hostid="261"></div>NASA is sending probes to asteroids scattered all over the solar system."Lucy is part of a collection of ambitious missions to study the diversity of these asteroid populations that will help us fill in more pieces of that cosmic puzzle," Glaze said.NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has been studying asteroids and other objects in the Kuiper Belt, beyond Neptune, since it flew past Pluto in 2015.The agency's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-asteroid-bennu-is-hollow-spinning-to-death-2020-11">OSIRIS-REx</a> spacecraft, meanwhile, landed on an asteroid last year, punched into its surface, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-osiris-rex-asteroid-spacecraft-stored-pounds-of-rock-2020-10">scooped a sample of rock</a>. That probe is on its way back to Earth with the sample in tow. Japan recently completed a similar mission and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-japan-asteroid-sample-treasure-box-returns-2020-12">brought its own asteroid samples to Earth</a>, so NASA and Japan's space agency plan to trade bits of their samples.<div type="image" title="osiris rex landing crush rock" height="1024" width="1024" msid="86839255" hostid="261"></div>Other missions aim to prepare for the possibility that an asteroid could <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/dinosaurs-going-extinct-before-asteroid-hit-earth-study-2021-6">strike our planet</a>. Next month, NASA plans to launch a spacecraft to slam into a nearby asteroid. That mission, called the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART), is testing a method that could deflect space rocks off of a collision course with Earth. NASA is also <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-advances-asteroid-tracking-space-telescope-after-years-of-limbo-2021-6">working on a new space telescope, called NEO (near-Earth object) Surveyor,</a> which would help scientists catalogue dangerous asteroids in our neighborhood.Next year, NASA plans to launch yet another probe, called Psyche, to a metallic asteroid that could be the leftover core of an ancient planet."All of these are incredibly interesting destinations. And in each case, we're exploring places no spacecraft has ever been, so we won't know for sure what we'll discover till we get there," Glaze said. "But we know that whatever Lucy finds will give us vital clues about the formation of our solar system."This post has been updated. It was originally published on October 7, 2021.

Watch NASA launch a spacecraft to explore ancient asteroids that lead and trail Jupiter around the sun

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> is about to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/watch-live-nasa-mars-rover-perseverance-launches-thursday-2020-7">send its next rover to Mars</a>: a nuclear-powered robot called Perseverance.</li><li>Perseverance is expected to record the first high-quality video and audio of <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword>, drill rock samples that could contain signs of alien life, and deploy the first interplanetary helicopter.</li><li>Here's how NASA's newest Mars <keyword id="155626" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Rover">rover</keyword> works.</li></ul>NASA is gearing up to launch its next Mars rover: an SUV-sized, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nuclear-powered-spacecraft-nasa-history-2017-3">nuclear-powered</a> robot decked out in cutting-edge equipment.Perseverance, the fifth rover the US has sent to Mars, is set to complete tasks that the previous robots could only dream of. The $2.4 billion vehicle is designed to collect unprecedented video and audio, drill samples of Martian rock and soil for later return to Earth, search for chemical remnants of ancient microbial life, and test out technologies that future astronauts will need on the red planet.<div type="image" title="mars rover perseverance rocket atlas v launch" height="900" width="1200" msid="77167769" hostid="261"></div>The rover is scheduled to launch at 7:50 a.m. ET on July 30, atop an Atlas V rocket.Its seven-month, 314-million-mile (505-million-kilometer) journey to Mars is slated to end in the Jezero Crater — one of the largest impact craters on Mars. A giant jetpack is built in to lower Perseverance onto the site, where some of the planet's oldest rock is laid bare.Here's how the mission will work. <h2>Martian rock samples could contain evidence of alien life<div type="image" title="mars rover sample return mission perseverance" height="1080" width="1440" msid="77167770" hostid="261"></div></h2>Perseverance's mission calls for it to mine Jezero Crater's ancient rock for chemical signatures of ancient alien life. Rocks that formed in water, for example, could have preserved the remains of chemicals that only life can create. Such rocks may be plentiful in the Jezero Crater exposed layers.A special arm of the robot is designed to drill cores from those rocks and cache them on the planet's surface.<div type="image" title="mars perseverance rover sample return collection cache" height="1080" width="1440" msid="77167771" hostid="261"></div>"Samples from Mars have the potential to profoundly change our understanding of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life on Earth and elsewhere in the <keyword id="52393" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Solar-System">solar system</keyword>," Lori Glaze, Director of NASA's Planetary <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">Science</keyword> Division, said in a briefing on July 17.<div type="image" title="mars sample return" height="996" width="960" msid="77167773" hostid="261"></div>NASA plans to launch another rover to retrieve those samples in 2026. The fetch rover would collect the tubes and carry them to a rocket, which would then launch them into Mars's orbit. There, a spacecraft circling the planet would catch the samples and carry them back to Earth."If it sounds complicated — it is," Glaze said.But this rover has more immediate, straightforward goals, too.<h2>The first interplanetary helicopter will drop from the rover's belly</h2><div type="image" title="mars ingenuity helicopter perseverance rover delivery" height="675" width="1200" msid="77167777" hostid="261"></div>About two months after it lands, Perseverance is set to drop a small helicopter from its belly.NASA has programmed the helicopter, named Ingenuity, to demonstrate the first powered flight ever conducted on another planet.<div type="image" title="mars helicopter ingenuity flight nasa gif" height="360" width="640" msid="77247272" hostid="261"></div>If successful, four carbon-fiber blades will spin eight times as fast as a standard helicopter on Earth, lifting Ingenuity off the ground and carrying it through the thin Martian atmosphere.Ingenuity weighs just 4 pounds, since the Martian air is just 1% of the density of Earth's atmosphere.<h2>Perseverance will beam back high-def video of a Mars landing</h2><h2><div type="image" title="Mars 2020 rover SuperCam" height="4165" width="5553" msid="77167783" hostid="261"></div></h2>For the first time, NASA plans to film the entire landing of a Mars rover in high definition."Those cameras will be taking high-definition video of the spacecraft during entry, descent, and landing activity. So we should be able to watch this big parachute inflate supersonically, we should be able to watch the rover deploy and touch down on the surface," Matt Wallace, the deputy project manager for Perseverance, said in the briefing. "This is going to be very exciting. It's the first time that we have ever been able to see a spacecraft landing on another planet."The rover's 3D cameras can also take high-definition photos and high-speed video as it roams the Martian surface. Two cameras on the mast are programmed to identify rocks and soil for the rover's other instruments to investigate or collect and stow. The cameras should also help scientists observe details in Martian rock and sediment.Perseverance will carry microphones as well. If the devices work, they'll enable NASA to record the first bonafide audio of Mars, including gusts of wind, the rover's wheels rolling over soil and rocks, the sounds of drilling, and more.Previous Mars missions also brought microphones with them, but as Nancy Atkinson <a href="https://www.planetary.org/blogs/perseverance-rover-tps-mics.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote for The Planetary Society</a>, those were a "huge let-down" — they either failed or never activated.<h2>Perseverance will test technologies to keep astronauts alive to Mars</h2><div type="image" title="mars human exploration settlement habitat astronauts martian" height="1407" width="1876" msid="77167789" hostid="261"></div>NASA ultimately aims to send astronauts to Mars and set up a settlement there. (Elon Musk, who is developing a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-filed-to-launch-starship-prototype-2020-7">spaceship</a> that might be able to carry people to the red planet, hopes to put boots there in 2024.)But NASA first needs to figure out how to meet the needs of any future Mars-dwelling people: oxygen, food, water, and fuel.Perseverance will help the agency test some options. One of the rover's projects, called the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE), will attempt to convert Martian carbon dioxide into oxygen that future astronauts could breathe.<div type="image" title="mars perseverance rover moxie installation jet propulsion laboratory nasa" height="1534" width="2045" msid="77167793" hostid="261"></div>About 95% of the red planet's atmosphere is CO2, so successfully converting it to oxygen would be a big win for future Martian settlements. Abundant oxygen would also help astronauts produce new rocket fuel for the journey home.Five small pieces of spacesuit material, including a piece of helmet visor, will also travel to Mars aboard the rover. One of the robot's instrument will track the materials' reaction to the Martian environment, to inform future Mars-spacesuit designers. The rover will also collect data that could help scientists better predict Martian weather — an ability that will be crucial to survival on the planet's harsh surface.

NASA is launching its $2.4 billion Perseverance Mars rover on Thursday. The nuclear-powered robot will test technologies astronauts need on the red planet.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The <keyword id="6354870" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="United-Arab-Emirates">United Arab Emirates</keyword> is set to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/3-misions-launching-to-mars-in-july-from-3-countries-2020-7">launch a spacecraft to Mars</a> on Sunday, marking the Arab world's first interplanetary mission.</li><li>If successful, the UAE's <keyword id="9569895" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="hope-probe">Hope Probe</keyword> would orbit <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword> for two years and make the first-ever global map of the planet's climate across seasons.</li><li>Watch the <keyword id="6375764" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="spacecraft">spacecraft</keyword> launch live below.</li></ul>The United Arab Emirates is set to launch its first mission to Mars on Sunday. It will be the Arab world's first flight to another planet.The SUV-sized spacecraft, called the Hope probe, will spend seven months traveling to Mars. Once it arrives, Hope will study the red planet's atmosphere by monitoring how it interacts with solar wind and tracking its loss of hydrogen and oxygen. Its goal will be to chart a global map of the planet's climate across an entire Martian year.That would be humanity's first such holistic picture of Mars' atmosphere."We'll be able to cover all of Mars, through all times of day, through an entire Martian year," Sarah Al Amiri, <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">science</keyword> lead for the mission and the UAE's minister for advanced sciences, told <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01861-0">Nature</a>.<div type="image" title="hope mars orbiter uae" height="1489" width="1985" msid="76949718" hostid="261"></div>Because of its large, oval-shaped orbit, Hope should be able to capture most of the planet in each of its 55-hour orbits."The Emiratis were very keen to make this not just a technology demonstrator, but make it contribute to the scientific understanding of Mars," Richard Zurek, chief scientist for the Mars Program Office at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, told Nature.The probe was originally set to launch from the Tenaghashima Space Centre in Japan on Tuesday, but a poor weather forecast prompted officials to delay the flight, a spokesperson for the mission told Business Insider in an email.Thunderstorms and other unstable conditions led to further delays. The launch is now set for Sunday at 5:58 p.m. Eastern Time (that's Monday morning in Japan), according to <a href="https://www.mhi.com/notice/notice_200717.html">Mitsubishi Heavy Industries</a>, the Japanese launch provider. <div type="image" title="united arab emirates mars hope orbiter spacecraft" height="1507" width="2010" msid="76949721" hostid="261"></div>Hope is one of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/3-misions-launching-to-mars-in-july-from-3-countries-2020-7">three missions</a> poised to launch for Mars in the final weeks of July. NASA plans to launch its next Mars rover, called Perseverance, on July 30. China is also gearing up to launch a rover, along with its own Mars-orbiting spacecraft, before the month is over.The launches are scheduled so close together because they must catch Mars as it passes close to Earth in the planets' orbital paths. If the agencies involved miss this chance, they won't have another opportunity to launch until 2022.If all goes well, the Hope probe will reach Mars by February 2021 and study the planet from above for two years.Watch the UAE's livestream of the launch below.Mitsubishi Heavy Industries will also broadcast the launch live:Dave Mosher contributed to reporting to this story.This story has been updated with new information. It was originally published on July 13, 2020.

The United Arab Emirates is launching the Arab world's first mission to Mars — here's how to watch

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) Chandrayaan 2 moon mission just shared its first set of findings.</li><li>The orbiter sent back data on how particles change in intensity within the Earth’s geotail.</li><li>The Moon travels through the planet’s geotail for six days every 29 days, which means so does the orbiter.</li></ul>India’s Chandrayaan 2 moon mission finally sent back its <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/03-oct-2019/studying-earth%E2%80%99s-extended-magnetosphere-geotailplasma-around-moon?utm_campaign=fullarticle&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_source=inshorts">first set of findings</a> from the mission after a month of the orbiter circling the Moon. One of its payloads, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-what-chandrayaan-2-is-looking-for-on-the-moon/articleshow/71009390.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-second-mission-to-the-moon-will-use-these-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/Chandrayaan-2-Large-Area-Soft-X-Ray-Spectrometer-CLASS/slideshow/69868174.cms">CLASS</a>), used ‘flash photography’ to detect changes in particles as it passed through the Earth’s geotail. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="19265" retweetcount="2932" status="#ISRO CLASS, #Chandrayaan2's Orbiter payload, in its first few days of observation, could detect charged particles… https://t.co/A31ChJDnbS" createdat="1570111521000" id="1179759346189602816"></div>



 What’s a geotail? In order to protect itself from solar winds, the Earth has a magnetic field around it. The magnetosphere is like a magnetic envelope around the planet. It stretches to over 22,000 kilometers above the surface on the side that faces the Sun. The same magnetic envelope stretches outward, beyond the orbit of the moon, on the opposite side to form a geotail. Dance of the electrons Every 29 days, the Moon travels through the geotail for around six days. So, as Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter circles the Moon, it also passes through the geotail giving it the chance to study its properties. CLASS’s first passage through the geotail was in September when it was able to detect charged particles and the variations in their intensities. According to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the change in the intensity of particles within the geotail is 10 times more volatile than outside the geotail. The agency believes this indicates a complex interplay between the particles and the magnetic field. <div type="image" title="c2_intensity_of_particle" msid="71435636" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data sent back by the Chandrayaan 2 orbiter&amp;#39;s CLASS payload&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 ISRO also states that further analysis and more data will help it unravel the “dance of electrons to the music of magnetic fields”. Thankfully, the orbiter has enough fuel to scan the surface of the Moon for another <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">seven and a half years</a>. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India’s second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a>

India’s shares its first discovery from Chandrayaan 2’s ‘flash photography’

<ul><li>India’s second mission to the moon, Chandrayaan 2, will be carrying a lot of 14 payloads when it takes off on July 15. </li><li>Majority of the payloads — eight out of 14 — will be aboard the orbiter.</li><li>ISRO’s biggest project till date is also collaborating with NASA to send their Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) to the moon. </li></ul>India's going looking for water on the moon and it has 14 instruments on board Chandrayaan 2 to help it do just that. The GSLV Mark III- M1, or 'Bahubali', will be launching today and carrying 3 modules — the orbiter, the lander called Vikram and Pragyan, the rover —that are taking 13 payloads from various Indian institutions and one from the US' National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Together the instruments are going to build on Chandrayaan 1's discovery of water by soft landing on the Moon's South Pole to determine where more water can be found and how much of it is present. This is the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">biggest project till date with a cost of nearly ₹10 billion.</a> But, scientists are hoping that it will be well worth the investment because if successful, this will be the first time any country has landed on the Moon’s South Pole. The orbiter will be doing most of the heavy lifting with eight of the 13 payloads resting on its shoulders, while the lander will be carrying three payloads and the Pragyan will carry two when <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">they launch</a>. Chandrayaan 2, set to take off from the Sriharikota launch site on July 15 at 2:15am Indian Standard Time (IST), wants to build on Chandrayaan 1’s discovery of water on the moon but also try and understand the Solar System’s early history. The mission will attempt a soft landing on a high plain between two of the Moon’s craters on the South Pole — Manzinus C and Simpelius N. It is expected to last a total of 15 days once ISRO successfully lands on the Moon. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is also collaborating with the US National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) to carry their Laser Retroreflector Array to the Moon. Here’s a quick look at everything that Chandrayaan-2 will be carrying to the moon:

India’s second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water

<ul><li>The <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) attempted to soft land on the moon but lost communication with its lander, Vikram, seconds before touchdown. </li><li>The orbiter currently circling the Moon is running smoothly and is expected to last for the next seven and a half years. </li><li>"Chandrayaan 2 mission is 95% successful," said <keyword id="6361773" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro-chairman-k-sivan">ISRO chairman K Sivan</keyword>. </li></ul>India’s mission to the moon wasn’t just about making the landing — that was only ‘record breaking’ part of it. "Chandrayaan 2 mission is 95% successful," stated Sivan. The mission’s saving grace is the orbiter. It’s also doing most of the heavy lifting with eight of the 13 payloads assigned to the mission resting on its shoulders. "Extra fuel is available in the orbiter. At present, the orbiter life is estimated to last seven and a half years," said Sivan. Chandrayaan 2 is a three part mission In fact, there are three parts to Chandrayaan 2 — the orbiter, the lander named Vikram and the rover called Pragyaan. Pragyaan was unfortunately onboard the lander, so it probably won’t be roaming the lunar surface. "It (Chandrayaan 2) had two objectives. One was science and the other was a technology demonstration," stated Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief K Sivan in an interview with Doordarshan. "The science part is mostly a part of the orbiter. And, the technology demonstration was mostly a part of the lander and rover," he added. Even if Vikram is intact, the rover could only exclusively communicate with the lander, which would then relay the information back to Earth — or there’s no way to send a signal to activate Pragyaan from mission control. There’s still a chance Chandrayaan 2 will find water One of the orbiter’s critical payloads is the Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS). Its primary objective is to map the mineralogy of the Moon and confirm where water ice might be present on the lunar surface. According to ISRO, this is the first time that they will have a complete characterisation of water features in high spatial (80 meters) and spectral (20 nanometers) resolutions. That means, not only can Chandrayaan 2 still track down water deposits but it will also be able to track other elements — like helium-3 considered to be an alternative to fuel, gold, and other rare Earth metals. It won’t be doing it alone. While IIRS will be mapping the moon, the Chandrayaan 2 Large Area X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS) will going to be deep diving into its search for major elements — like magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium, titanium, iron and sodium. A close up of the Moon’s poles The other objective of the Chandrayaan 2 mission was to explore uncharted territory. Even though an onground analysis might not be possible, the Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) will conduct a high resolution lunar mapping of the polar regions. It’s also going to try and estimate how much water ice is actually present near the Moon’s extremes — and how deep it goes. Using dual frequencies, the payload is going to try and determine how thick the Moon’s the top layer — the regolith — is and how that thickness variates. The Moon’s origin story The rover, Pragyaan, was meant to explore the lunar surface on the South Pole — a region that’s largely preserved. Because of the shelter that craters provide, Pragyaan was hoping to learn more about the evolution and origins of the Moon through fossil records. The orbiter might not be able to physically find these fossil records but there’s a lot it can do from the sky. The Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC 2) will map the lunar surface in high spatial resolution of five meters. The data sent back can give clues to the Moon’s evolution and even help collate a 3D map of the surface. The moon, the sun and everything in between The other payloads on board the orbiter will also be carrying out their own objectives. For instance, the Solar X-Ray Monitor (XSM) will observe the x-rays emitted by the Sun and it’s corona. The Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explorer 2 (CHACE 2) is going to be following in the footsteps of its predecessor on board Chandrayaan 1. It will be carrying out an in-situ study of the composition and distribution of the lunar exosphere. And, one of the payloads — the Orbiter High Resolution Camera (OHRC) — might even have some answers about what happened to Vikram, the lander. According to ISRO, it was OHRC’s job to provide high resolution pictures of the landing site to avoid any obstacles as the lander touched down. It’s going to be a couple of days before India’s space agency discloses what actually happened during the moon landing. They are currently analysing the data to figure out what went wrong.

Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter has seven and a half years to scan the surface of the Moon

<ul><li>The Moon's South Pole is becoming a popular destination for space exploration as India launches its second lunar mission, <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> .</li><li>China, Russia and the US are hot on the trail to land their own missions on the Moon's South as well.</li><li>Countries finally have the technological capability to land in a heavy crater area like the Moon's South Pole.</li><li>The abundance of craters on the lunar South Pole makes it a treasure trove of primary elements trapped in the ice at temperature dipping below -230 degrees Celsius.</li></ul>The Moon's South Pole is in sudden demand and India's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> mission is only the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">first of many</a> heading to one of the most crater dense regions of the Moon. <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2 will be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">launching tomorrow</a> at 2:15am from the Indian Space Research Organisation's (ISRO) Satish Dhawan Space Center on Sriharikota Island. The sudden demand for the South Pole isn't by chance. It's because countries finally have the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">technology</a> to help them land in one of the most highly cratered regions on the moon. "The world is targeting the South Pole. It's not just India — the Americans, the Russians, the Chinese, the Europeans — they're all going to the South Pole," stated Chaitanya Giri, a fellow for space and ocean Studies at Gateway House, a think tank focussing on India's global relations. Moon rush China has its own plans to build a scientific research station on the Moon's South Pole and they're going to start off by sending the <a href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-04/24/c_138004666.htm">Chang'e-5</a> there to collect and return with lunar samples by the end of the year. The European Space Agency (<a href="https://spacenews.com/china-sets-sights-on-moons-south-pole-with-esa-collaboration-talks-ongoing/">ESA</a>) is reportedly in talks to collaborate. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-says-its-plan-to-send-people-back-to-the-moon-could-cost-as-much-as-30-billion/articleshow/69787956.cms">Americans</a> want their astronauts on the South Pole, even though it's not certain whether they will get there by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Trump-wants-to-send-astronauts-back-to-the-moon-but-his-proposed-budget-cuts-NASA-funding-close-to-an-all-time-low/articleshow/62041464.cms">2024 or 2028</a>. Even Russia has the South Pole on their books with <a href="http://www.iki.rssi.ru/eng/moon.htm">Luna-25</a> mission, also known as the Luna Glob Lander. "If you look at missions in the past, we went to places where it was safe to land. The world didn't have the technology to land on slightly off places on the moon. Its takes a while to really practice going to the moon and how to land in certain far away places," Giri told Business Insider India. Panning for resources Since the moon is so crater heavy, the craters and their shadows have been experiencing low temperatures for millions of years going as low as -230 degrees Celsius. "The Moon's South Pole has massive amounts of resources on it, which are not seen and not found in other regions of the moon. You have ices of water, ices of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, probably methane as well," said Giri. And while, the existence of these minerals is speculated, nobody really knows the origins of these volatile compounds. "Are they of lunar origin or have they been delivered by impacting fragments of asteroids and comets? There is quite a curiosity about it," Giri explained. "The ices and the molecules they are formed of, have been lying there for a very long time. All this time these ices have been irradiated by solar, galactic, and cosmic rays - leading to a lot of low-temperature quantum-tunneled chemistry within these ices," he added , concluding that, "Scientists are expecting some exotic stuff that will have far-reaching applications to the high-tech industry." See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India's second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn't find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan 2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a>

You Searched For "how to watch isro solar mission" and got 11 results

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