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Consumption of popular artificial sweetener, erythritol, is associated with an increased risk of heart attack and stroke, according to a study which calls for further safety research to examine the long-term effects of such products.  Researchers at Cleveland Clinic studied over 4,000 people in the US and Europe and found those with higher blood erythritol levels were at elevated risk of experiencing a major adverse cardiac event such as heart attack, stroke or death. <br /><br /> They also examined the effects of adding erythritol to either whole blood or isolated platelets, which are cell fragments that clump together to stop bleeding and contribute to blood clots. <br /><br />The study, published in the journal Nature Medicine, found that erythritol made platelets easier to activate and form a clot. Pre-clinical studies confirmed ingestion of erythritol heightened clot formation. <br /><br /> Artificial sweeteners are present in thousands of food and beverage brands worldwide, however they remain a controversial topic and are currently being re-evaluated by the European Food Safety Authority, the <keyword id="43588" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="Orion">World Health Organization</keyword>, and other health agencies. <br /><br /> The findings from a large-scale study published in the British Medical Journal in September last year found a potential direct association between higher artificial sweetener consumption, especially aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose, and increased cardiovascular disease risk. <br /><br /> "Sweeteners like erythritol have rapidly increased in popularity in recent years but there needs to be more in-depth research into their long-term effects," said senior study author <keyword id="2096538" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="stanley-hazen" source="Orion">Stanley Hazen</keyword>, co-section head of <keyword id="11021080" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="preventive-cardiology" source="Orion">Preventive Cardiology</keyword> at Cleveland Clinic. <br /><br /> "Cardiovascular disease builds over time, and heart disease is the leading cause of death globally. We need to make sure the foods we eat aren't hidden contributors," <keyword id="3457356" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="hazen" source="Orion">Hazen</keyword> said in a statement. <br /><br /> Artificial sweeteners, such as erythritol, are common replacements for table sugar in low-calorie, low-carbohydrate and "keto" products. Sugar-free products containing erythritol are often recommended for people who have obesity, diabetes or metabolic syndrome and are looking for options to help manage their sugar or calorie intake. <br /><br /> People with these conditions also are at higher risk for adverse cardiovascular events like heart attack and stroke. <br /><br /> The researchers noted that erythritol is about 70 per cent as sweet as sugar and is produced through fermenting corn. After ingestion, erythritol is poorly metabolised by the body. <br /><br /> Instead, it goes into the bloodstream and leaves the body mainly through urine. The human body creates low amounts of erythritol naturally, so any additional consumption can accumulate. <br /><br /> Measuring artificial sweeteners is difficult and labelling requirements are minimal and often do not list individual compounds. <br /><br /> Erythritol is "Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS)" by the <keyword id="88593" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="us-fda" source="Orion">US FDA</keyword>, which means there is no requirement for long-term safety studies. The authors of the latest study note the importance of follow-up research to confirm their findings in the general population. <br /><br /> The study had several limitations, including that clinical observation studies demonstrate association and not causation. <br /><br /> "Our study shows that when participants consumed an artificially sweetened beverage with an amount of erythritol found in many processed foods, markedly elevated levels in the blood are observed for days -- levels well above those observed to enhance clotting risks," said Hazen. <br /><br /> "It is important that further safety studies are conducted to examine the long-term effects of artificial sweeteners in general, and erythritol specifically, on risks for heart attack and stroke, particularly in people at higher risk for cardiovascular disease," Hazen added.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/no-more-acquisition-of-elephants-by-private-individuals-or-religious-institutions-madras-hc/articleshow/98327501.cms">No more acquisition of elephants by private individuals or religious institutions: Madras HC</a><br /></strong><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/indias-manufacturing-pmi-shows-steady-growth-in-feb/articleshow/98326802.cms"><strong>India's manufacturing PMI shows steady growth in Feb</strong></a><br />

Pitcher Madison Bumgarner secretly competes in rodeos during the MLB's off season

<p><div class="image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><p class="source"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/80747682@N00/2141554193/">Flickr / znukunz</a></p></div>The bacteria in our guts turn compounds commonly found in eggs and meats (specifically liver, beef, and pork) into a dangerous compound that raises the risk of heart disease, according a<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;"> study published in the </span><a href="http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1109400?query=featured_home">New England Journal of Medicine on April 25</a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">. </span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">What researchers found was that a compound called lecithin found in these foods is turned into the dangerous compound trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) by gut bacteria.</span></p>
<p>The group published an earlier study, <a href="http://www.nature.com/nm/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nm.3145.html">out in the journal Nature Medicine</a>, which indicated that gut bacteria also turn the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/l-carnitine-makes-steak-unhealthy-2013-4">compound L-carnitine into TMAO</a> — which is what makes red meat unhealthy, because it promotes plaque build up in the arteries.</p>
<p>Researchers still need to figure out how TMAO is linked to heart disease.</p>
<p>People with high levels of TMAO are at a greater risk of heart disease. Confusingly, these foods also contain compounds that lower your risk for heart disease, like vitamins b12 and 3, riboflavin, and folate.</p>
<p>Though we've discovered how these foods are bad for you, the researchers are recommending removing them completely from our diet, <a href="http://www.latimes.com/features/food/dailydish/la-fe-dd-eggs-lecithin-heart-disease-20130425,0,2290039.story">according to the LA Times</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Stanley Hazen, researcher on the new study, reportedly is not recommending "dietary restrictions of entire food groups." Eggs, meat and other animal products are "integral," he noted, to most people's diet.</p>
<p>They do recommend limiting meat intake to a few times a week.</p>

New Study Reveals How Eggs And Meat Are Linked To Heart Disease

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://unsplash.com/collections/535354/people-in-nature?photo=ZMcLVBi9xx4">Unsplash/Joshua Earle</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>If you've ever hiked in the woods or picnicked in a park, you've probably heard of the concept "leave no trace." The <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718233839/http://www.lnt.org/about/history.html">90s-era conservation ethics code</a> encourages people to clean up after themselves after a stint in nature, being careful to leave no trace of their activity.</p><p>It's nice idea for personal practice, but our record as a species will not be so easily expunged from planet Earth.</p><p>Human beings have so fundamentally altered the geology of the planet, in fact, that scientists named a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-humans-are-creating-a-new-epoch-2015-2">brand-new geologic epoch</a> after us: the Anthropocene.</p><p>Many scientists say the Anthropocene started on <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-have-decided-earth-entered-a-new-epoch-on-july-16-1945-2015-1">July 16, 1945</a>, when humans detonated the first atomic bomb and left a powerful chemical marker in the geological record that's detectable with radioactive isotopes. Other experts say the exact beginning may be a bit fuzzier.</p><p>Regardless of the precise date, one thing is certain: Our footprint on the planet - based at least partially on the materials we've created, moved around, or just left behind - will be visible for millions, or even billions, of years.</p><p>A new paper catalogs hundreds of these new materials for the first time, and estimates that humans are responsible for roughly <a href="http://ammin.geoscienceworld.org/content/102/2?current-issue=y">4% of all the minerals on Earth</a>. Some formed along the slippery walls of mines, where cool, moist air reacted with sooty particles of iron ore; others were created in the depths of the ocean as ancient shipwrecks were eroded by the salty sea.</p><p>"These minerals will mark our age as different from all that came before," <a href="https://umaine.edu/earthclimate/people/edward-grew/">Edward Grew</a>, a professor of earth and climate sciences at the University of Maine and a leading author on the new study, told Business Insider.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/images/index.html">Jeff Williams/NASA</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Put another way, humans are responsible for creating the most new minerals on Earth <a href="https://origins.asu.edu/blog/oxygenation-catastrophe">since oxygen first appeared in the atmosphere</a> more than 2.2 billion years ago. Although now considered an essential component of life, oxygen's first appearance drastically altered the planet's make-up, giving rise to as many as two-thirds of the more than 5,200 minerals that are officially recognized today.</p><p>"If The Great Oxidation ... was a 'punctuation event' in Earth's history, the rapid and extensive geological impact of the Anthropocene is an exclamation mark," <a href="https://hazen.carnegiescience.edu/">Robert Hazen</a>, a mineralogist and astrobiologist at the Carnegie Institution for <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">Science</keyword>'s Geophysical Laboratory, told Business Insider.</p><p>So where do these minerals come from and what do they look like?</p>

Earth entered a new epoch on July 16, 1945 - and humans have left behind more than 200 new minerals to prove it

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An artificial sweetener called erythritol was associated with heart health risks in a recent study.</li><li>People with high blood levels of the sweetener had an increased risk of heart attack and stroke.</li></ul><p>Consuming foods and drinks flavored by a popular artificial sweetener may increase your risk of heart attack and stroke, according to a <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?postID=63fcdde9d013960da62fa124&amp;site=in&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41591-023-02223-9">study</a> published today in Nature Medicine.</p><p>Erythritol is a sugar substitute commonly found in some <a href="https://www.insider.com/diet-drinks-linked-to-same-heart-health-risks-sugary-beverages-2020-10">diet drinks</a> and low-calorie snacks. The sweetener is made from fermented corn and is mostly absorbed into the bloodstream upon consumption.</p><p>Researchers at Cleveland Clinic checked the blood erythritol levels of more than 4,000 people in the US and Europe. They found that those with relatively high amounts of erythritol in their blood had an elevated risk of a major cardiac event, such as heart attack or stroke.</p><p>Artificial sweeteners are widely used in sugar-free products recommended for people who have diabetes or obesity, the authors noted. Given that these conditions are independently associated with a <a href="https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316101" target="_blank" rel="noopener">greater likelihood of heart attack and stroke</a>, it's important to weigh the cardiovascular risks tied to popular sugar substitutes.</p><p>"Cardiovascular disease builds over time, and heart disease is the leading cause of death globally," senior author Stanley Hazen said in a <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/980748" target="_blank" rel="noopener">press release</a>. "We need to make sure the foods we eat aren't hidden contributors."</p><h2><strong>Erythritol is popular among diabetics, but may carry risks</strong></h2><p><a href="https://www.ijaar.org/articles/Volume3-Number2/Sciences-Technology-Engineering/ijaar-ste-v3n2-feb17-p2.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Erythritol</a> is only 70% as sweet as sugar, and it contains about 6% of the calories found in an equal amount of sugar. It is technically a sugar alcohol, found naturally in some fruits and manufactured by fermenting corn with yeast.</p><p>Sugar alcohols are able to stimulate the taste buds without affecting blood sugar, which is great for diabetics. However, researchers at Cleveland Clinic found that some sugar alcohols — namely erythritol — may contribute to blood clots.</p><p>To be sure, they added erythritol to blood outside of the body and watched it clot. They found that the addition was associated with enhanced clotting, which raises the <a href="https://www.insider.com/daily-cannabis-users-face-higher-heart-disease-risk-study-finds-2023-2">risk of heart attack</a> and stroke.</p><p>The study authors noted that their findings are preliminary and cannot prove that erythritol directly causes blood clots. More research is needed to evaluate the safety of the sweetener, which is currently <a href="https://www.fda.gov/media/132946/download" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recognized as safe</a> by the Food and Drug Association.</p><p><em><strong>Correction: February 28, 2023</strong> — A previous version of this story erroneously stated that regular Splenda contains erythritol. It does not; only Splenda Stevia products contain erythritol. </em></p>

Consuming low-calorie sweetener may increase your risk of heart attack and stroke, study finds

<p>Chipotle has been handing out some provocative coupons at gay pride parades around the country.&#xa0;</p><p>The coupons are printed with the phrase "¿Homo estás?"&#xa0;above a photo of a burrito.</p><p>Below the burrito, there is text that reads, "Why way do you sway?" with arrows pointing to two buttons. One button reads "I eat tacos" and the other reads "I eat burritos."</p><div><div></div></div><p class="embed-spacer"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Chipotle also tweeted the </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">"¿Homo estás?" phrase - which the company has been using for a while on t-shirts and other promotional materials - f</span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">ollowing the Supreme Court decision last week that legalized gay marriage across the US.</span></p><div><div></div></div><p class="embed-spacer"><span>Some people applauded the company's show of support for gay marriage, while others accused Chipotle of exploiting the ruling to sell more burritos.&#xa0;</span></p><p class="embed-spacer"><span>We reached out to Chipotle for comment and will update when we hear back.</span></p><div><div></div></div><div><div></div></div><p class="embed-spacer"></p><div><div></div></div><p class="embed-spacer"></p><div><div></div></div><div><div></div></div><div><div></div></div><p class="embed-spacer">&#xa0;Chipotle responded to some of its critics with an apology.</p><div><div></div></div><p class="embed-spacer"></p><p class="embed-spacer"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">&#xa0;</span></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/new-omega-globemaster-watch-unboxing-2015-5">Forget the Apple Watch - here's the new watch everyone on Wall Street wants</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="5iaDNwdDrYYMm2yipFb14ndbRkPnemqO" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Chipotle is being criticized for its provocative 'Homo estas?' promotion

<ul class="summary-list"><li>If you get stuck in quicksand, remember it's impossible to drown in the stuff.</li><li>Instead, calmly try freeing yourself by gently kicking your legs back and forth.</li></ul><p><em>This article is primarily transcribed from a 2017 Insider video on "<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-escape-from-quicksand-2017-1">How to escape quicksand — it's easier than you might think.</a>" Some of the information has been updated.</em></p><p>If you find yourself stuck in quicksand, the first thing to remember is not to panic.</p><p>It's easy to sink deeper into this stuff if you're flailing about, and just one mouthful of quicksand could lead to asphyxiation, per the book "<a href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&amp;lr=&amp;id=PEM8iQjb16MC&amp;oi=fnd&amp;pg=PA6&amp;dq=how+to+escape+quicksand&amp;ots=rdHrblsBle&amp;sig=rfJDdyI4IY5PlZ4MG0S8rdInjow#v=onepage&amp;q=quicksand&amp;f=false" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Extreme Encounters.</a>"</p><p>Quicksand is not like how Hollywood traditionally portrays it. You're not going to drown.</p><p>In fact, most quicksand pools are only a few inches to a few feet deep. Moreover, it's impossible to drown in quicksand because humans float in it. That's because our body's density is lower than the quicksand's, "Extreme Encounters" says.</p><h2>What is quicksand?</h2><p>Quicksand is a mix of sand and water, according to <a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-quicksand/">Scientific American</a>. What sets it apart from your average clump of sand is the sand grains' shape and how they fit together. </p><p>"In normal sand, grains are packed tightly together to form a rigid mass, with about 25 to 30 percent of the space (voids) between the grains filled with air or water," SciAm reports.</p><p>But if the sand's shape is more elongated than spherical, it can increase those voids from 30 percent up to 70 percent. </p><p>"This arrangement is similar to a house of cards in that the space between the cards is significantly greater than the space occupied by the cards," per SciAm.</p><p>As a result, the sand looks solid on the surface but is very pressure sensitive and can easily collapse, causing the surface to sink beneath your feet.</p><p>What makes quicksand so dangerous is its viscosity. Once disturbed, quicksand becomes much more viscous, trapping whatever it envelops. Here's how to get out: </p><h2>How to escape quicksand</h2><p>Don't ask your friend to pull you out. They'll only be able to dislodge your top half since the pressure required to pull you out is the same force required to lift a small car, per <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2VJqud3Ls8&amp;ab_channel=NationalGeographic" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Geographic</a>.</p><p>Instead, if possible, try making small back-and-forth motions with your legs, which should loosen the sand around you. Lose your shoes if you have to.</p><p>Next, if you're not too deep, you can try lying on your back. The more you distribute your weight across the surface, the harder it will be to sink farther. Then you can try backstroking your way free.</p><p>Another option instead of laying on your back is — if you have access to firmer ground — lean forward and drag yourself free while gently kicking your legs. That's how wilderness guide Hazen Audel escaped quicksand in a National Geographic episode of "<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CIOWh1JNTs&amp;ab_channel=NationalGeographic" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Primal Survivor.</a>"</p><p>Roll away from the quicksand once you reach solid ground, and you should be clear of the sticky situation. </p><p>Another tip is to never enter quicksand territory without a stick or pole. You can rest the pole on the quicksand's surface, ease your weight, and slowly shimmy your way out, per "Extreme Encounters."</p><p>Watch the original video here:</p>

How to escape quicksand. Whatever you do, don't panic!

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Tesla shareholders say Elon Musk has been diverting AI resources away from the company.</li><li>They allege in a new lawsuit that Musk has treated the company with "brazen disloyalty."</li></ul><p>Some Tesla shareholders allege Elon Musk has been draining the company's AI talent dry in an act of "brazen disloyalty" to his company.</p><p>The group of shareholders — the Cleveland Bakers and Teamsters Pension Fund, Michael Giampietro, and Daniel Hazen — filed a lawsuit Thursday on behalf of Tesla itself against Musk and Tesla in Delaware, where the company is incorporated.</p><p>In it, the shareholders accuse Musk of diverting critical AI talent and resources away from Tesla and into his new AI-focused company, xAI.</p><p>They also allege that Tesla's board hasn't tried to stop him.</p><p>Representatives for Tesla did not immediately respond to a request for comment.</p><p>The plaintiffs allege in the suit that Musk has recently touted Tesla as more of an artificial-intelligence company than simply an electric-car maker.</p><p>He has, for example, repeatedly said that building out AI capabilities is essential to Tesla's growth and success, doubling down on this commitment both to investors and in Securities and Exchange Commission filings, the lawsuit says.</p><p>During Tesla's quarterly earnings report in April, the company gave investors a sneak peek at its <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-reveals-uber-competitor-ride-hailing-app-photos-2024-4?utm_campaign=business-sf&amp;utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social">plans for a robo-taxi fleet</a>, sending the stock soaring despite posting weak financial data.</p><p>But the plaintiffs say that ever <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-seeks-raise-one-billion-for-xai-openai-2023-12">since he founded xAI in 2023</a>, Musk has poached AI-focused employees from Tesla and into his startup. At one point, in response to a suggestion that a major AI researcher should work for Tesla, Musk publicly commented that he should join xAI instead, the lawsuit says.</p><p>It's not just AI talent that Musk is accused of pilfering from Tesla — the shareholders also allege that Musk has <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-sent-500-million-tesla-nvidia-chips-to-x-2024-6">redirected critical Nvidia graphics processing units</a> from Tesla to xAI, despite previously saying that the car company would gobble up the hardware as fast as Nvidia could deliver it.</p><p>And Musk has flirted with focusing his AI efforts outside Tesla unless he gets a bigger stake in the company.</p><p>In January, Musk <a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1746999488252703098?lang=en">posted on X</a>: "I am uncomfortable growing Tesla to be a leader in AI &amp; robotics without having ~25% voting control. Enough to be influential, but not so much that I can't be overturned. Unless that is the case, I would prefer to build products outside of Tesla." The shareholders referenced that post in their lawsuit.</p><p>As for Tesla's board of directors, the shareholders allege it's just bowing down to Musk.</p><p>"Consistent with its long history of obsequiousness to Musk, the Tesla Board has utterly failed to even <em>attempt</em> to meet its unyielding fiduciary duty to protect the interests of Tesla and its stockholders in the face of Musk's brazen disloyalty," the suit says.</p><p>The shareholders demand that Musk and Tesla's board answer for what the suit says is their "disloyalty" and return what it describes as the value that Musk has pulled away from Tesla.</p><p>Quite a lot of company value has been lost from Tesla of late, though it's unclear whether that's solely due to Musk's actions around talent.</p><p>Tesla's stock has dropped more than 25% this year; some critics have argued Musk is being distracted by other projects.</p><p>The sharp decline in Tesla stock has even affected <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-tesla-payday-reckoning-2024-6">Musk's proposed pay package</a>, dropping it from an estimated $55 billion to $45 billion.</p>

Elon Musk has been draining Tesla's AI talent dry, shareholders allege in lawsuit

<p>We've officially reached the one-week mark of <a href="http://us.movember.com/" target="_blank">Movember</a> or <a href="http://www.no-shavenovember.com/#!what/cjg9" target="_blank">No Shave November</a>, an annual tradition that calls for men to grow mustaches and/or beards to raise awareness for testicular and prostate cancer.</p>
<p>So as both a nod to the month and a way to provide inspiration for all those participating, here are 15 of the most epic <keyword id="160985" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="civil-war">Civil War</keyword> facial hair styles (and the men who rocked them).</p>
<p>Which one's your favorite?</p>
<p><strong><a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000487" target="_blank">Alpheus Starkey Williams</a> was a lawyer, judge, and journalist who served as a Union general in the American Civil War. He later became a U.S. <span class="mw-redirect">Congressman</span>, where he served until his death.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alpheus_S._Williams.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/winfield-scott-hancock.html" target="_blank">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> was a U.S. Army officer and the Democratic nominee for President of the United States in 1880 (he lost to James A. Garfield). He was a Union general in the American Civil War, and nicknamed "Hancock the Superb."</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winfield_Scott_Hancock.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/jeb-stuart.html" target="_blank">J.E.B. Stuart</a>, called "Jeb" by his friends and fellow servicemen, was a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War. He was a friend of Robert E. Lee, and died in a battle defending the then-Confederate capital.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jeb_stuart.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.rihs.org/mssinv/Mss460.htm" target="_blank">George S. Greene</a> was a civil engineer and a Union general during the American Civil War. His family was well-known for their military service, and he was influential in the battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gen._George_S._Greene_-_NARA_-_529711.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=a000172" target="_blank">Adelbert Ames</a> was a Union Army general during the American Civil War. After the war was over, he became a military governor, Senator, and civilian governor in <span class="mw-redirect">Reconstruction-era </span>Mississippi.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gen._Adelbert_Ames_-_NARA_-_530589.tif">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.berdansharpshooters.org/About_Us/Original/original.index.htm" target="_blank">Hiram Berdan</a> was the inventor of the Berdan rifle, as well as numerous other weapons and patents. As a world-renowned marksman, he was the commanding colonel of the famed United States Volunteer Sharpshooter Regiments during the American Civil War.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Col._Hiram_Berdan_-_NARA_-_527738.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/richard-ewell.html" target="_blank">Richard Stoddert Ewell</a> was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Though he was a well-regarded soldier, his indecisiveness at the battles of Gettysburg and Spotsylvania Court House cost him his reputation.</strong> <strong>(BONUS: His nickname was "Old Bald Head.") </strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Richard_S_Ewell.png">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://projects.militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=89" target="_blank">Alexander Shaler</a> was a Union Army general in the American Civil War. He received the United States Medal of Honor for his actions at the <span class="mw-redirect">Second Battle of Fredericksburg</span> where he led his troops straight into the Confederate defenses, helping to win the battle.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Shaler_seated.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/john-lorimer-worden.html" target="_blank">John Lorimer Worden</a> was a U.S. rear admiral in the Union Army who commanded the ironclad ship <em>Monitor</em> against Confederate troops during the Civil War. For his heroism, the state of New York commissioned a custom-made 37" gold and silver inlaid sword from Tiffany &amp; Co.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Lorimer_Worden_-_Brady-Handy.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/pers-us/uspers-l/sb-luce.htm" target="_blank">Stephen Bleecker Luce</a> was U.S. Navy admiral who commanded several war ships for the Union Army during the Civil War. He was also the founder and first president of the Naval War College.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stephen_bleecher_luce.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong>Major General <a href="http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/crook.htm" target="_blank">George Crook</a> was a part of the guerrilla warfare in West Virginia and at the battles of Second Bull Run and Chickamauga on behalf of the Union Army. He was nicknamed by the Apache Native Americans <em>Nantan Lupan</em>, which means "Grey Wolf."</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:George_Crook_-_Brady-Handy.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/william-babcock-hazen.html" target="_blank">William Babcock Hazen</a> was a Union general in the American Civil War. He turned a bunch of Ohio raw recruits with barely any experience into an army brigade that changed the tide of several major battles throughout the war.</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Babcock_Hazen_-_Brady-Handy.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.history.com/topics/ambrose-everett-burnside" target="_blank">Ambrose Burnside</a> was a railroad executive, inventor, and industrialist from Rhode Island, who served as both a governor and a <span class="mw-redirect">U.S. Senator</span>. He was a Union Army general in the American Civil War, and best of all, sideburns were named after his signature facial hair style (seriously).</strong></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ambrose_Burnside_-_retouched.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></p></div><p></p></div></p>

The Most Epic Beards And Mustaches Of The American Civil War

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="10828428" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="as-you-sow">As You Sow</keyword> has released its seventh annual report detailing the 100 most overpaid CEOs.</li><li>The top 30 CEOs on the list includes <keyword id="6357623" type="DEFINITION" weightage="60" keywordseo="alphabet">Alphabet</keyword>'s Sundar Pichai and Microsoft's Satya Nadella.</li><li>Nine companies have made the list every year, including Walt Disney, Goldman Sachs, and IBM.</li></ul><p>CEOs like Alphabet's Sundar Pichai and Microsoft's Satya Nadella are among the top 100 most overpaid CEOs, according to a new report from As You Sow.</p><p>It's no secret that CEOs of S&amp;P 500 companies make good money. However, As You Sow's list doesn't <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-executives-media-paid-netflix-fox-disney-news-corp-2020-11?r=bc-sub">rank by the size of a CEO's salary</a>. Instead, the corporate responsibility non-profit uses different metrics to identify whether or not a CEO is being overpaid.</p><p>To do this, the study took three main factors into account: the amount of extra dollars a CEO receives based on past company performance and pay, the number of shareholders who voted against a CEO's pay package, and the ratio comparing the executive's compensation to the company's median employee pay. The latter was weighed less heavily.</p><p>Coincidentally, the highest salary on the list happens to belong to the most overpaid CEO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-15-google-executives-who-report-to-ceo-sundar-pichai-2020-6?r=bc-sub">Alphabet's Sundar Pichai, who receives a pay</a> of $280,621,552, according to the report. To compare, the median pay of Alphabet workers sits at $258,708, which is a CEO to worker pay ratio of 1,085 to one.</p><p>Pichai is being paid an excess of $266,698,263, according to As You Sow.</p><p>Another <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-president-brad-smith-talks-australia-news-ban-2021-2?r=bc-sub">tech giant, Microsoft, also made the list in 24th place.</a> Satya Nadella, the head of Microsoft, earns $42,910,215. According to the study, Nadella is being paid an excess of $27,896,691.</p><p>The median pay of Microsoft's employees is $172,512, which is a CEO to worker pay ratio of 249 to one.</p><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mark-zuckerberg-jack-dorsey-sundar-pichai-testify-before-congress-march-2021-2">Several social media companies are seen as giants in Silicon Valley</a>, but only one was included in the report: Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook's CEO, in 73rd place. Zuckerberg has a pay of $23,415,973, which, according to the study, contains an excess of $9,479,977.</p><p>To compare, the median employee pay at Facebook is $247,883. This amounts to a CEO to worker pay ratio of 94 to one, lower than both Microsoft and Alphabet's.</p><p>However, the list wasn't just dominated by tech leaders. Bob Iger, the former CEO of the <keyword id="149163" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Walt-Disney-Company">Walt Disney Company</keyword>, Lachlan Murdoch of Fox Corporation, and Miguel Patricio of the <keyword id="3074390" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Kraft-Heinz-Company">Kraft Heinz Company</keyword> were all listed among the top 30 most overpaid CEOs.</p><p>And according to the study, companies that have consistently graced the list are performing worse than those that have never been mentioned. As You Sow has published this report annually since 2015, and nine CEOs have made the list every year, amounting to a total pay of $2 billion. However, these nine businesses have seen a lower annualized shareholder return compared to S&amp;P 500 companies that have never made the overpaid CEO list.</p><p>These nine companies include: <keyword id="6421627" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="discovery">Discovery</keyword>, Walt Disney, Comcast, AT&amp;T, Goldman Sachs, IBM, McKesson, Ralph Lauren, and Regeneron.</p><p>This consistent overpaying of CEOs can signal several concerns, specifically "poor accountability, weak governance, and lack of concern for shareholder interests," the study notes.</p><p>However, this overcompensation issue may soon be changing as more shareholders are beginning to vote against these hefty CEO paychecks, according to Rosanna Landis Weaver, the report's author.</p><p>"We might be going into a spring where we see higher votes against pay, particularly at companies that try to insulate their executive compensation from the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic," Weaver told Insider.</p><p>These were the top 30 most overpaid CEOs, according to As You Sow's new report:</p><h2>30. Norwegian Cruise Line - Frank Del Rio</h2><p>Pay: $17,808,364</p><p>Excess: $6,617,002</p><p>Median worker pay: $16,925</p><h2>29. Walgreens Boots Alliance - Stefano Pessina</h2><p>Pay: $19,156,202</p><p>Excess: $7,266,357</p><p>Median worker pay: $34,074</p><h2>28. HCA Healthcare - Samuel Hazen</h2><p>Pay: $26,788,251</p><p>Excess: $14,094,249</p><p>Median worker pay: $56,012</p><h2>27. Netflix - Reed Hastings</h2><p>Pay: $38,577,129</p><p>Excess: $23,649,474</p><p>Median worker pay: $202,931</p><h2>26. AT&amp;T - Randall Stephenson</h2><p>Pay: $32,032,925</p><p>Excess: $19,313,311</p><p>Median worker pay: $98,630</p><h2>25. McKesson - John Hammergren</h2><p>Pay: $17,400,207</p><p>Excess: $5,240,500</p><p>Median worker pay: $38,026</p><h2>24. Microsoft - Satya Nadella</h2><p>Pay: $42,910,215</p><p>Excess: $27,896,691</p><p>Median worker pay: $172,512</p><h2>23. Linde - Stephen Angel</h2><p>Pay: $66,149,325</p><p>Excess: $52,644,326</p><p>Median worker pay: $40,601</p><h2>22. Coty - Pierre Laubies </h2><p>Laubies was replaced halfway through 2020, <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/coty-says-it-will-switch-ceos-again-11582902714">the Wall Street Journal reported</a>.</p><p>Pay: $16,211,992</p><p>Excess: $5,574,670</p><p>Median worker pay: $43,242</p><h2>21. Mylan - Heather Bresch</h2><p>Pay: $18,509,260</p><p>Excess: $7,524,895</p><p>Median worker pay: $43,367</p><h2>20. Qualcomm - Steven Mollenkopf</h2><p>Pay: $23,065,052</p><p>Excess: $9,744,629</p><p>Median worker pay: $90,259</p><h2>19. Marathon Petroleum - Gary Heminger </h2><p>Heminger <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/marathon-petroleum-corporation-names-michael-j-hennigan-chief-executive-officer-301026095.html">retired from the company</a> in April 2020.</p><p>Pay: $24,129,164</p><p>Excess: $11,768,410</p><p>Median worker pay: $27,507</p><h2>18. General Electric - H. Lawrence Culp Jr.</h2><p>Pay: $24,553,788</p><p>Excess: $13,339,908</p><p>Median worker pay: $50,471</p><h2>17. Centene - Michael Neidorff</h2><p>Pay: $26,438,425</p><p>Excess: $13,257,871</p><p>Median worker pay: $68,987</p><h2>16. Activision Blizzard - Robert Kotick</h2><p>Pay: $30,122,896</p><p>Excess: $15,867,848</p><p>Median worker pay: $94,308</p><h2>15. Fiserv - Jeffrey Yabuki</h2><p>Yabuki stepped as CEO mid-2020, <a href="https://www.marketwatch.com/story/fiserv-says-ceo-yabuki-will-depart-in-july-as-first-data-executive-steps-into-the-top-role-2020-05-07">Marketwatch reported</a>.</p><p>Pay: $27,601,026</p><p>Excess: $13,842,124</p><p>Median worker pay: $65,254</p><h2>14. Comcast - Brian Roberts</h2><p>Pay: $36,370,183</p><p>Excess: $23,330,783</p><p>Median worker pay: $78,869</p><h2>13. Fidelity National Information Services - Gary Norcross</h2><p>Pay: $27,658,117</p><p>Excess: $13,926,647</p><p>Median worker pay: $59,235</p><h2>12. T-Mobile - John Legere</h2><p>Legere <a href="https://www.t-mobile.com/news/press/mike-sievert-to-succeed-john-legere">stepped down as</a> T-Mobile's CEO at the end of April 2020.</p><p>Pay: $27,756,690</p><p>Excess: $13,798,277</p><p>Median worker pay: $62,195</p><h2>11. Advanced Micro Devices - Lisa Su</h2><p>Pay: $58,534,288</p><p>Excess: $40,542,122</p><p>Median worker pay: $96,874</p><h2>10. Fox Corporation - Lachlan Murdoch</h2><p>Pay: $42,111,103</p><p>Excess: $28,735,479</p><p>Median worker pay: not provided</p><h2>9. Las Vegas Sands Corporation - Sheldon Gary Adelson</h2><p>Adelson died this year <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/las-vegas-sands-appoints-robert-goldstein-as-ceo-2021-1">and was replaced</a> by Robert Goldstein as CEO.</p><p>Pay: $24,680,118</p><p>Excess: $11,976,674</p><p>Median worker pay: $42,228</p><h2>8. Universal Health Services - Alan Miller</h2><p>Pay: $24,473,240</p><p>Excess: $12,397,998</p><p>Median worker pay: $38,931</p><h2>7. <keyword id="28115" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Intel">Intel</keyword> - Robert Swan</h2><p>Swan was replaced by Pat Gelsinger as <a href="https://newsroom.intel.com/news-releases/intel-appoints-tech-industry-leader-pat-gelsinger-as-new-ceo/">CEO of Intel</a> this month.</p><p>Pay: $66,935,100</p><p>Excess: $53,244,455</p><p>Median worker pay: $96,300</p><h2>6. The Kraft Heinz Company - Miguel Patricio</h2><p>Pay: $43,297,480</p><p>Excess: $31,390,609</p><p>Median worker pay: $42,689</p><h2>5. The Walt Disney Company - Bob Iger</h2><p>Iger <a href="https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/bob-chapek-named-chief-executive-officer-of-the-walt-disney-company/">stepped down</a> as CEO of the Walt Disney Company in February 2020.</p><p>Pay: $47,517,762</p><p>Excess: $34,885,856</p><p>Median worker pay: $52,184</p><h2>4. Howmet Aerospace - John Plant</h2><p>Pay: $51,712,578</p><p>Excess: $39,321,473</p><p>Median worker pay: $55,497</p><h2>3. <keyword id="151277" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="CVs">CVS</keyword> Health - Larry Merlo</h2><p>Merlo <a href="https://cvshealth.com/news-and-insights/press-releases/cvs-health-announces-ceo-transition-effective-february-2021">retired from</a> his CEO post this month.</p><p>Pay: $36,451,749</p><p>Excess: $24,311,079</p><p>Median worker pay: $46,140</p><h2>2. Discovery - David Zaslav</h2><p>Pay: $45,843,912</p><p>Excess: $33,823,935</p><p>Median worker pay: $79,343</p><h2>1. Alphabet - Sundar Pichai</h2><p>Pay: $280,621,552</p><p>Excess: $266,698,263</p><p>Median worker pay: $258,708</p>

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