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Kolkata (West Bengal) [India], June 12 (ANI): The World Health Organisation has confirmed the human case of <keyword id="3653784" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bird-flu-in-india" source="Orion">bird flu in India</keyword>, after the <keyword id="15897682" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="H9N2-virus" source="Orion">H9N2 virus</keyword> was detected in a four-year child in West Bengal. Overall, this is the second <keyword id="21166335" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="human-infection" source="keywords">human infection</keyword> of <keyword id="2663051" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Avian-Influenza-A" source="Orion">avian influenza A</keyword> (H9N2) notified to WHO from India, with the first being done in 2019. The child has recovered and was discharged from the hospital. WHO received a notification from the International Health Regulations (IHR) National Focal Point (NFP) for India, regarding a human case of avian influenza A(H9N2) virus infection in West Bengal, the health body said in a press release. "The patient is a 4-year-old child residing in West Bengal state. The case, previously diagnosed with hyperreactive airway disease, initially presented to the paediatrician with fever and abdominal pain on 26 January 2024. He developed seizures on January 29 after which he was brought to the same paediatrician. The patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of a local hospital due to the persistence of severe respiratory distress, recurrent high-grade fever and abdominal cramps. The patient tested positive for influenza B and adenovirus. He was discharged from the hospital on February 28 but with a recurrence of severe respiratory distress, he was referred to another government hospital and was admitted to the pediatric ICU and intubated on March 3. His nasopharyngeal swab was sent to the Kolkata Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory and tested positive for influenza A (not sub-typed) and rhinovirus. On April 26, the sample was sub-typed as influenza A(H9N2) through a real-time polymerase chain reaction. The patient was discharged from the hospital with oxygen support on May 1. WHO said that the infected patient had exposure to poultry at home and in the surroundings. It, however, also affirmed there were no known persons reporting symptoms of respiratory illness in the family, the neighbourhood, or among healthcare workers at health facilities attended by the case at the time of reporting. The health body further warned that sporadic human cases could occur in the future as this virus is "one of the most prevalent avian influenza viruses circulating in poultry in different regions." Animal influenza viruses normally circulate in animals but can also infect humans. Infections in humans have primarily been acquired through direct contact with infected animals or through indirect contact with contaminated environments. Depending on the original host, influenza A viruses can be classified as avian influenza, swine influenza, or other types of animal influenza viruses, the WHO stated in the release. The health body further said that it is providing continued support to the government of India through technical advice, updates on risk assessment and updating contingency plans- both in the human and animal sectors in line with the global guidance.

WHO confirms human case of bird flu in India! H9N2 virus detected in a four-year child in West Bengal

NAfter the Union Health Ministry recently said that it is closely monitoring the reported outbreak of H9N2 cases and clusters of respiratory illness in <keyword id="6354493" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="children" source="Orion">children</keyword>, Director of Lady Harding Hospital, Dr Subhash Giri reiterated to take precautions and said that <keyword id="15897682" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="h9n2-virus" source="Orion">H9N2 virus</keyword> is spreading among children and it has connection with <keyword id="46788" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="winter" source="Orion">winter</keyword>. Dr Subhash Giri, Director of Lady Harding Hospital, said, "At present, in <keyword id="1334" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="china" source="Orion">China</keyword>, the children who are born in this period or the children who are not exposed to the other viruses except <keyword id="8764262" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid" source="Orion">COVID</keyword>. Their immunity to the other routine viruses that caused the URI is far lower. It includes the immunity for influenza as well, and when the serotype is changed to H9N2, the immunity is still very low in these cases." H9N2 has stirred quite a lot of news in China, especially where children are being admitted with pneumonia. The reason for the H9N2 infection in China is that there was a lockdown due to COVID over there and the lockdown was strictly being followed by the government and people had to follow all the instructions of the government. "The children who do not have any immunity if they get exposed to H9N2, which is quite a contagious virus that is spreading and added to that where the immunity is lower, the probability of developing pneumonia is very high. Routinely, influenza is present with upper respiratory tract infections, throat infections, rhinitis, cough pain, body aches and fever. But where the immunity is lower, the probability of developing pneumonia is very high. And that is what is being seen in China," added Dr Giri. H9N2 is a serotype influenza virus. The influenza virus is a common virus that comes at the end of the season, especially when there is the onset of winter. "The difference over here is that routinely during the winter we have various viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections. In China, one virus has become quite prevalent; that stereotype is H9N2. The difference is that when we talk about our society in India, we have routine viruses, which are, accordingly, viral throat infections, upper respiratory tract infections and viral fever," said Dr Giri. Notably, at the onset of winter, pain in throat has been witnessed in many patients which is similar to the other routine virus and it is not H9N2. As of date, the Indian government has also taken swift action; this virus has not been isolated yet and people need not be worried or panicked about whether this virus will come to India or not. The doctor said, "The immunity of our children in India is far better than the immunity of the Chinese children. So the probability of having admissions for infections in the lung or pneumonia shall be very low in our scenario because in our country, people are more open to the environment and their immunity is far better than in developed countries. So that is why their immunity to influenza is also very good." Because of the winter season, usually, even in adults, a lot of patients are coming with URIs and infections. However, this does not mean that there is a sudden surge in the number of patients. This is a routine patient who is coming to the OPD. In ENT OPD and in paediatric OPD, this is routine. "I will not say that something very extraordinary is going on, although during the pollution there was a certain surge of some elderly patients who were coming and being admitted with complications. But this routine virus that is presenting itself to the children is not causing any complications per se, so there should not be any panic about it," added Dr Giri. Meanwhile, Union Health Ministry has come up with many preventive steps like - isolation bed or isolation wards, equipment and other things in place. For any viral infection that is within the house or within the community, we always say that one should wear a mask and should stay in his house and in his room. Basically, viral spreads within the community and within the house. If one person gets infected, be it a child or the mother, then other members of the family will get infected. So we always say to stay away and keep all the preventive measures. "In the same way, the precautions over here will also be the same but if any surge for H9N2 comes, then we probably need to gear up just like we did during COVID. I personally feel that I'm not finding any region where this virus will cause any problems or panic in India. It should not cause any panic," he added.

H9N2 virus spreading among children, has connection with winter: Director of Lady Harding Hospital

<keyword id="83655" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="union-health-ministry" source="Orion">Union Health Ministry</keyword> is closely monitoring the reported outbreak of <keyword id="2663052" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="h9n2" source="Orion">H9N2</keyword> cases and clusters of <keyword id="6447105" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="respiratory-illness" source="Orion">respiratory illness</keyword> in children in <keyword id="2024784" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Northern-china" source="Orion">northern China</keyword>. There is low <keyword id="27263" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="risk" source="Orion">risk</keyword> to India from both the avian influenza cases reported from China as well as the clusters of respiratory illness. Some media reports have indicated clustering of cases of respiratory illness in children in northern China, a press release issued from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare said. Based on the currently available information, an increase in the incidence of respiratory diseases in China has been reported in the last few weeks. The usual causes of respiratory illness in children have been implicated and there has been no identification of an unusual pathogen or any unexpected clinical manifestations. A meeting was recently held under the Chairmanship of Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) to discuss the preparedness measures against human cases of Avian Influenza in the country against the backdrop of a human case of H9N2 (Avian influenza virus) in October 2023 in China that was reported to WHO, the release said. The overall risk assessment by WHO indicates a low probability of human-to-human spread and a low case fatality rate among human cases of H9N2 reported to WHO so far. The need for strengthening surveillance among human, animal husbandry and wildlife sectors and improving coordination was recognised. India is prepared for any kind of public health exigency. India is embarking on a One Health approach to adopt a holistic and integrated roadmap towards addressing such public health issues. There has also been a significant strengthening of health infrastructure, especially since the COVID pandemic, the release said. PM-Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission (PM-ABHIM) was launched by the Prime Minister which is developing capacities of health systems and institutions across the continuum of care at all levels, primary, secondary and tertiary, to prepare health systems to respond effectively to the current and future pandemics /disasters. In addition, India's surveillance and detection networks under Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) have rich experience in dealing with challenging health situations during the COVID-19 pandemic, the release said.

Health Ministry closely monitoring H9N2 outbreak, respiratory illness in Chinese children

An international team of scientists has identified 18 <keyword id="12545062" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mammalian-viruses" source="Orion">mammalian viruses</keyword>, which pose high risk to humans and domestic animals, from China's infamous wet markets. The origins of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, which has so far resulted in 253.6 million cases of infections and 5.11 million deaths, has been linked with a seafood market in Wuhan. China has maintained that the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 likely emerged from animal to human transmission at a wet market in Wuhan. In the study, researchers from China, the US, Belgium and Australia claimed to have unearthed game animals that are commonly hunted or consumed as exotic food in China, and have been potential reservoirs for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The team also examined many species for the first time, some of which have been banned by the Chinese government for trading or artificial breeding since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. They performed an analysis of 1,725 game animals, representing 16 species and five mammalian orders, sampled across China. "From this we identified 71 mammalian viruses, with 45 described for the first time. Eighteen viruses were considered as potentially high risk to humans and domestic animals," said corresponding author Shuo Su from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Nanjing Agricultural University in China. Notably, the team did not identify any SARS-CoV-2-like or SARS-CoV-like sequences, including the Malayan pangolins from which SARS-CoV-2-like viruses have previously been identified, Su said in the study posted on preprint server biorxiv, meaning not yet peer-reviewed. According to researchers, one reason for the lack of pangolin SARS-like viruses could be that previous virus-positive samples were all confiscated by the custom authorities in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, both of which were characterised by an intensive network of animal smuggling. In contrast, the new samples were obtained from Zhejiang province in eastern China which does not have an international border that would facilitate smuggling, they said. Further, the team found that Civets (Paguma larvata) carried the highest number of potentially high risk viruses. The cat-like carnivores have been known as potential reservoirs for coronavirus. They also identified the transmission of bat coronavirus HKU8 from a bat to a civet, as well as cross-species jumps of coronavirus from bats to hedgehogs and from birds to porcupines. Similarly avian influenza virus H9N2 was also identified in civets and Asian badgers, with the latter displaying respiratory symptoms, as well as cases of likely human-to-wildlife virus transmission. "These data highlight the importance of game animals as potential drivers of disease emergence," the researchers said. SEE ALSO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/former-myntra-ceo-started-mensa-brand-in-may-and-its-already-worth-a-billion-dollars-with/articleshow/87735832.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Former Myntra CEO started Mensa Brand in May ⁠and it’s already worth a billion dollars</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/policybazzar-and-sigachi-share-price-jump-in-early-trading/articleshow/87730171.cms">Policybazaar gets a boost after an American fund laps up 3.4 million shares and Sigachi hits upper circuit on the morning after listing</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/jpmorgan-takes-tesla-to-court-over-elon-musks-2018-tweets-demands-162-million/articleshow/87729405.cms">JPMorgan takes Tesla to court over Elon Musk’s 2018 tweets ⁠— demands $162 million</a>

Scientists find 18 more viruses from China's wet markets

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image">Paula Bronstein/Getty Images</div></div>
A new-to-humans flu virus <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/new-h10n8-bird-flu-infecting-humans-2013-12" target="_blank">killed a 73-year-old woman from the Jiangxi province in China, on Dec. 6.</a>
At the time, the doctors knew it was a H10N8 bird flu virus that killed her. But, they've just published new findings about it - it <a href="http://www.livescience.com/43106-bird-flu-virus-h10n8.html" target="_blank">has picked up some new genes from the H9N2 flu virus</a>. And these genes could make it more dangerous to humans.
"A second case of H10N8 was identified in Jiangxi Province on Jan. 26," study author Mingbin Liu said in <a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-02/l-csr020314.php" target="_blank">the news release</a>. "This is of great concern because it reveals that the H10N8 virus has continued to circulate and may cause more human infections in the future."
They published their results in the <a href="http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60111-2/fulltext" target="_blank">journal The Lancet on Feb. 5.</a>
The death was the third in 2013 from a new strain of bird flu virus that had never infected people. The others were the new H7N9 virus and and H6N1 virus.
A mysterious death
The woman in question had recently visited a live poultry market, which is probably where she got the virus. She had been admitted to the hospital on Nov. 30 with severe pneumonia.
A second patient was reported in January, but she is in stable condition in the hospital, according to the WHO. Luckily, none of the people either patient had been in contact with were sickened, suggesting the virus can't spread easily between people yet.
When they sequenced the virus from the first patient, they found that it had several genes from a different kind of flu virus, H9N2. These genes are very similar to those in the human-infecting versions of H5N1 and H7N9, according to the <a href="http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2014/02/study-h10n8-virus-first-human-case-novel-strain">Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy, at the University of Minnesota</a>.
The virus also has a genetic mutation that was previously linked with increased virulence in mammals, the researchers said.
These genetic changes make the virus easier to track, because it's different from the virus that researchers have previously <a href="http://jvi.asm.org/content/86/14/7716.full">found in live poultry markets</a> <a href="http://www.virologyj.com/content/8/1/42">and</a><a href="http://www.virologyj.com/content/8/1/42"> wild birds</a>.
More flu?
An increase in new bird flu viruses being detected in humans could be a result of the Chinese government's increased surveillance for avian flu infections after the arrival of H7N9, according to <a href="http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2013/12/china-reports-first-human-case-h10n8-avian-flu" target="_blank">the Center for Infectious Disease Research And Policy</a> at the University of Minnesota. That means authorities are more likely to test for and report infections with these viruses.
We probably missed these infections before, only realizing a new virus had jumped to humans when it reached a larger scale. <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">Science</keyword> journalist <a href="https://twitter.com/alandove/status/413058069984063489" target="_blank">Alan Dove wrote on Twitter back when the case first broke:</a> "People have probably been dying of sporadic bird flu spillovers for eons, but we only noticed the ones that became pandemics."
Though it might result in some scare-tactics from the media, watching and monitoring these small outbreaks isn't necessarily a bad thing. We can now watch these infections before they kill hundreds of people, and track if they are getting worse.
A tale of three bird flus
In addition to H10N8, the bird flu strain <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/h6n1-bird-flu-infecting-humans-in-taiwan-2013-11" target="_blank">H6N1 also infected a human</a> for the first time in 2013. That patient made a full recovery after a stint in the hospital, and doesn't seem to have infected others, and no other people have shown up infected with the virus.
A much bigger deal is the H7N9 bird flu that has been making a comeback. It was also first found in humans in April 2013. More than 250 patients ended up in hospitals and more than 70 died. While there was a lull in infections with the virus, it is again on the rise.
The original bird flu virus, H5N1, is also still circulating in China and other areas of Asia, where it's sickened many people in Cambodia and Indonesia, according to the WHO. As is the swine flu H1N, the "normal" human flu H2N3, and select strains of Influenza B, a related virus.

A Brand New Hybrid Bird Flu In China  Has Scientists Worried

<div class="image-container float_right click-to-enlarge" style="width:400px"><div class="image"><a title_source="AFP" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static5.businessinsider.com/image/5158443f69beddc250000008-960/chinese-ducks-2.jpeg"></a></div><keyword id="68053" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="AFP">AFP</keyword></div>Two people in <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> have died after being infected with H7N9 avian influenza -- a sub-type that had not previously been transmitted to humans -- the government said Sunday.
An 87-year-old man in Shanghai fell ill on February 19 and died on March 4, while a man aged 27 in the city got sick on February 27 and died on March 10, the National Health and Family Planning Commission said on its website.
A 35-year-old woman in the eastern province of Anhui became ill on March 9 and is in critical condition, it said.
All three initially suffered fever and coughs but later developed severe pneumonia and problems with breathing, according to the announcement.
The three cases were confirmed Saturday to be infections with the H7N9 sub-strain after the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Preservation had separated it from body samples the day before, the commission said.
The route of infection remained unknown although nothing unusual was detected among 88 people close to the victims, the commission said.
The H7N9 strain had not been transmitted to humans before, it added.
In a separate release, the commission said there are currently no vaccines against H7N9.
It also explained that the delay in announcing the results was because it took time to determine the cause of the illnesses.
The World Health Organisation (WHO), in an emailed statement to AFP, said there was no evidence of human-to-human transmission in the three reported cases.
It also said transmission to humans "would appear to be inefficient, leading us to believe that the risk to public health is low".
But the WHO said it was continuing closely to monitor the situation.
China is considered one of the nations most at risk from <keyword id="95867" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Bird-flu">bird flu</keyword> because it has the world's biggest poultry population and many chickens in rural areas are kept close to humans.
It has in the past been accused of covering up the extent of bird flu outbreaks, exacerbating fears when new cases are reported.
The WHO says more than 360 confirmed human deaths from the H5N1 strain of avian influenza have been reported to it globally from 2003 until March 12 this year.
It says other sub-types have infected humans, including H7N7 and H9N2, and some of these infections led to deaths.
<div class="nc_footer">
Copyright (2013) AFP. All rights reserved.
</div>

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WHO confirms human case of bird flu in India! H9N2 virus detected in a four-year child in West Bengal

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H9N2 virus spreading among children, has connection with winter: Director of Lady Harding Hospital

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Health Ministry closely monitoring H9N2 outbreak, respiratory illness in Chinese children

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Scientists find 18 more viruses from China's wet markets

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