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New Delhi, India on Saturday announced the launch of the <keyword id="16473623" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-Biofuel-Alliance" source="Orion">Global Biofuel Alliance</keyword> and urged G20 nations to join the initiative with a plea to take ethanol blending with petrol globally to 20 per cent. Speaking at the G20 Summit session on 'One Earth', Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="Orion">Narendra Modi</keyword> also proposed launching the 'G20 Satellite Mission for Environment and Climate Observation' and urged leaders to commence work on the 'Green Credit Initiative'. "Today, the need of the hour is that all countries should work together in the field of fuel blending. Our proposal is to take an initiative at a global-level to take ethanol blending in petrol up to 20 per cent," he said. "Or alternatively, we could work on developing another blending mix for the greater global good, one that ensures a stable energy supply while also contributing to climate security," Modi said at the session attended by US President Joe Biden, Saudi Arabia Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, and UK Prime Minister Rishi Sunak among others. The prime minister said energy transition is a significant need of the 21st century world considering the challenge of climate change. He said trillions of dollars are required for an inclusive energy transition and that the developed countries play a very crucial role in this. "Along with India, all the countries of the Global South are pleased that developed countries have taken a positive initiative this year, in 2023. Developed countries have expressed their willingness to fulfil their commitment of USD 100 billion for climate finance for the first time," he said. At the Copenhagen UN climate talks in 2009, developed countries had committed to providing USD 100 billion per year by 2020 to support developing countries in combating climate change. However, the wealthier nations failed repeatedly to fulfil this commitment. The Global Biofuels Alliance, which the world's third biggest oil consumer wants to push during its G20 presidency, mirrors the <keyword id="3155010" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="international-solar-alliance" source="Orion">International Solar Alliance</keyword> (ISA) piloted by New Delhi and Paris in 2015 to bring clean and affordable solar energy within the reach of all. Earlier this month, Prime Minister Narendra Modi in an exclusive interview told PTI that India's proposal for a global alliance on biofuels among members of the Group of 20 major economies would help accelerate sustainable biofuels deployment in support of the global energy transition. "Such alliances are aimed at creating options for developing countries to advance their energy transitions," he had said. "Biofuels are also important from the perspective of a circular economy. Markets, trade, technology, and policy all aspects of international cooperation are crucial in creating such opportunities," Modi had said. <keyword id="53632" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="biofuel" source="Orion">Biofuel</keyword> is a renewable source of energy which is derived from biomass. India, which imports over 85 per cent of its crude oil needs, is gradually building capacity to produce fuel from such items as crop stubble, plant waste, and municipal solid waste. While India is on schedule to double the mixing of ethanol extracted from sugarcane and agriculture waste to 20 per cent with petrol by 2025, it is also setting up dozens of compressed biogas (CBG) plants. The Global Biofuels Alliance is aimed at facilitating cooperation and intensifying the use of sustainable biofuels across sectors, including transportation. Its focus is primarily on strengthening markets, facilitating global biofuel trade, developing concrete policy lesson-sharing and providing technical support for national biofuel programmes worldwide. Such an initiative is also aimed at helping India's transition to alternative fuels and cutting its import bill, as it seeks to achieve its net zero carbon emissions goal by 2070. On the other hand, the ISA aims to mobilise more than USD 1,000 billion of investment needed by 2030 for the massive deployment of solar energy. The <keyword id="69313" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="international-energy-agency" source="Orion">International Energy Agency</keyword> (IEA) estimates that global sustainable biofuel production would need to triple by 2030 to put the world's energy system on track towards net zero emissions by 2050. Liquid biofuels provided more than 4 per cent of the total transport energy supply in 2022.

G20 Summit: PM Modi announces launch of Global Biofuel Alliance

US President <keyword id="99719" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="joe-biden" source="Orion">Joe Biden</keyword> on Sunday departed from Delhi to <keyword id="13486" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="vietnam" source="Orion">Vietnam</keyword> after concluding the <keyword id="42982" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="G20-Summit" source="Orion">G20 summit</keyword>. <keyword id="60973" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="biden" source="Orion">Biden</keyword> had arrived on the evening of September 8 to attend the G20 Summit in the national capital. He held bilateral discussions with Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="Orion">Narendra Modi</keyword> on the same day, where both the nations agreed to co-operate in the sectors like telecom, space, renewable energy, defence and education. Biden along with Modi also announced the launch of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/policy/economy/news/g20-biofuel-alliance-can-generate-opportunities-worth-500-bn-in-next-3-yrs-member-nations/articleshow/103548504.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Global Biofuels Alliance</a> on the sidelines of the G20 Summit on Saturday. A total of 19 countries and 12 international organisations have so far agreed to join the alliance, including both G20 members and non-member countries. India, Brazil and the US are the founding members of the alliance. Apart from this, Biden was also present during the announcement of the launch of the India-Middle East-Europe economic corridor. The first-of-its-kind economic corridor will be a historic initiative on cooperation on connectivity and infrastructure involving India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, EU, France, Italy, Germany, and the US. The summit has been attended by more than 30 heads of state and top officials from the European Union, invited guest countries, and 14 heads of international organisations. The theme of this year's G20 Summit, which is taking place under India's presidency, is "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam," or "One Earth · One Family · One Future," - which is drawn from the ancient Sanskrit text of the Maha Upanishad. Essentially, the theme affirms the value of all life-human, animal, plant, and microorganism-and their interconnectedness on the planet Earth and in the wider universe.

US President Biden departs for Vietnam after attending G20 Summit

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A full-scale nuclear war could <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-death-famine-2019-10">trigger a global famine</a>. </li><li>Disaster planner David Denkenberger has created a diet that might save humanity in that scenario.</li><li>He suggests eating <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/after-asteroid-volcano-nuke-mushrooms-help-humans-survive-2019-9">foods that can grow without much light</a>, like mushrooms and seaweed.</li><li>He also highlights creative ways to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/air-meat-alternative-startup-nasa-2019-11">make protein out of natural gases in the air</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Businessinsider.com for more stories</a>.</li></ul>More than two centuries ago, the largest volcanic eruption in recorded history pushed millions of people in North America and Europe toward the brink of famine.In 1815, Mount Tambora erupted in Indonesia, pumping dust, ash, and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. The explosion triggered freezing temperatures in the summer of 1816, which destroyed crops and vegetation. Birds dropped dead out of the sky. Desperate for food, people reportedly <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2016/05/26/year-without-a-summer-1816-mount-tambora/84855694/">ate raccoons and pigeons</a>.The period became known as the "volcanic winter" or "year without summer." On average, the global temperature cooled by nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit. David Denkenberger, a mechanical engineer at the University of Alaska, often uses the eruption as an example when people ask about the possibility of nuclear winter - the period of cold and darkness after a nuclear war - today. "There's definitely historical precedent," he told Business Insider. "But it has been a challenge getting people to think about these bigger disasters."Denkenberger runs the non-profit Alliance to Feed the Earth in Disasters (ALLFED), which researches ways to protect the world's food supply during a global catastrophe. In the event of a nuclear winter, he said, harvesting foods like mushrooms, seaweed, and even sugar from leaves could help create a sustainable "disaster diet."<h2>Nuclear winter could envelop the world in darkness</h2>Nuclear researchers predict that a full-scale nuclear war between India and Pakistan (which are both <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-pakistan-nuclear-factbo/factbox-india-and-pakistan-nuclear-arsenals-and-strategies-idUSKCN1QI4O5">expanding their nuclear arsenals</a>) could result in the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-pakistan-nuclear-war-death-famine-2019-10">detonation of 250 100-kiloton weapons</a> - each more than six times the size of the "Little Boy" atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, Japan.In that extreme scenario, a cloud of black soot could envelop the sky and block sunlight, causing temperatures to fall dramatically. Key agricultural hotspots could lose the ability to grow crops, triggering a global famine. "It would be instant climate change," Alan Robock, the author of a recent study that examines the <a href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/10/eaay5478">effects of a nuclear war between the two countries</a>, told Business Insider. "As horrible as the direct effects of nuclear weapons would be, the indirect effects on our food supply would be much worse."But Denkenberger says there are ways to sustain ourselves, even if the land becomes scorched and severe cold descends.<a href="https://www.fungimag.com/spring-08-articles/sustainability.pdf">A paper</a> published in 2008 described about how fungi could survive both a thermonuclear holocaust and a subsequent nuclear winter."The conclusion of the paper was, maybe when humans go extinct, the world will be ruled by mushrooms again," Denkenberger said. "I said, 'Wait a minute. Why don't we eat the mushrooms and not go extinct?'"That paper got him thinking about how other foods could support human life, he said. <h2>Mushrooms and seaweed can grow without much light</h2>Even if a nuclear winter destroyed trillions of trees, mushrooms could feed on that dead matter, creating a regenerative food source that could potentially <a href="https://allfed.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Feeding-everyone-if-the-sun-is-obscured-and-industry-is-disabled.pdf">feed everyone on the planet for about three years</a>, according to Denkenberger's estimates. Since mushrooms don't rely on photosynthesis, they can survive without much light. The same goes for seaweed."Seaweed is a really good food source in a scenario like this because it can tolerate a low light levels," Denkenberger said. "It's also very fast-growing. In a nuclear winter, the land will cool down faster than the oceans, so the oceans will remain a little bit warmer. Seaweed can handle relatively low temperatures."To feed everyone on the planet, Denkenberger estimates that the world would need around 1.6 billion tons of dry food per year. Humans could potentially grow that amount of seaweed, he said, in three to six months. But in order consume the proper nutrients to ward off disease, humans <a href="https://allfed.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/agriculture-353686-vitamins-update.pdf">can't rely on a single food source</a> (or two). So Denkenberger put together a chart of what a typical 2,100-calorie diet might look like in a post-doomsday scenario. The diet involves a mixture of meat, eggs, sugar, and mushrooms. It also includes dandelions and tea made from tree needles, which contain Vitamin C. Naturally growing bacteria would serve as a source of Vitamin E, which is important for brain function. Denkenberger said he plans to study other natural food sources that could grow near the equator, where there would still be some sunlight post-disaster (though the temperature would be low)."One of the things I've learned by moving to Alaska is that, even in areas where the summers are so cool that trees cannot grow, you can actually grow potatoes," he said. Leaves also contain stringy fiber (cellulose) that could be converted into sugar, Denkenberger added. That process is already happening at biofuel plants, which convert cellulose into sugar to make ethanol.<h2>The cost of a post-disaster diet</h2>If the global agricultural system were to collapse, Denkenberger said, current stores of dry food could feed around 10% of the global population for five years. That, of course, is insufficient.The cost of those supplies would also rise due to demand, he added: "I'm very concerned that the food price will go so high that a billion people just wouldn't be able to afford food."Storing up large quantities of food ahead of a disaster would also be expensive. Denkenberger said such an effort would "cost trillions of dollars and take a long time."Alternatively, he estimated that dry seaweed can be produced for around $1 per pound; that's about the lowest reasonable cost for dry food in a disaster scenario, according to Denkenberger's estimates.That means it would cost around $3.2 trillion to produce enough seaweed to feed everyone on Earth for one year - a price that should, he added, mean almost everyone in the world could afford to eat. <h2>There are creative ways to make protein from thin air</h2>Denkenberger has proposed a few technological solutions for growing food that can't be stored. First, he recommends utilizing natural gas in the atmosphere to produce protein.The Denmark-based company <a href="https://www.unibio.dk/">Unibio</a> is already developing a way to convert methane into a highly concentrated protein that can be dried and packaged into fish food. The Silicon Valley-based company <a href="http://calysta.com/">Calysta</a> is also using gases like nitrogen and methane to feed fish and livestock. In a catastrophe, Denkenberger said, those proteins could be used to feed humans as well. Denkenberger said he's also working on a project funded by NASA that is looking into how to heat coal without any oxygen present. The heating process would produce hydrogen and carbon dioxide that could be converted into protein.But Denkenberger said isn't a fan of using artificial light, such as LEDs, to grow food. He sees that approach as a last resort. "Unfortunately, it's extremely inefficient and expensive," Denkenberger said.Instead, he said, his nonprofit is looking at ways to grow food in greenhouses near the equator, where there would still be some natural sunlight."Then we could grow pretty much any crop at a much lower cost than artificial light," he said. "And because it wouldn't use so much energy, we can use the energy for feeding more people."<h2>These solutions could help after other disasters, too</h2>Denkenberger said employees in the agriculture and government sectors are more concerned about disasters like hurricanes than a full-scale nuclear winter. "If you have a localized disaster, generally the cheapest thing to do is just to ship grain in," he said. "But in certain circumstances, if the transportation is disrupted, that might not work."He thinks some of his solutions, like extracting sugar and protein from leaves, could be applied to feed people during a local catastrophe. But it is also possible to store enough food for a major disaster such as a nuclear war between India and Pakistan, he added."Even though their nuclear arsenals are much smaller than the US and Russia's, there have still been models indicating that it could create a 10% or 20% reduction in the global food supply," he said. "We waste more food than that and feed more food than that to animals."

A full-scale nuclear winter would trigger a global famine. A disaster expert put together a doomsday diet to save humanity.

<keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> on Saturday proposed to launch a <keyword id="18717471" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="G20-satellite" source="Orion">G20 Satellite</keyword> Mission for Environment and Climate Observation, with an aim to help the countries of the global south. Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="Orion">Narendra Modi</keyword> made the suggestion at the <keyword id="42981" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="G20" source="Orion">G20</keyword> Leaders' Summit at the Bharat Mandapam international convention centre here in the presence of world leaders including US President <keyword id="99719" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="joe-biden" source="Orion">Joe Biden</keyword>, UK Prime Minister <keyword id="221875" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rishi-sunak" source="Orion">Rishi Sunak</keyword> and South Africa President Cyril Ramaphosa among others. Modi said the G20 satellite mission would be beneficial for all of humanity just as the data obtained from India's successful Chandrayaan moon mission. With the same spirit, India is proposing the launch of the 'G20 Satellite Mission for Environment and Climate Observation', he said. "The climate and weather data obtained from this will be shared with all the countries, especially the countries of the Global South. India invites all G-20 countries to join this initiative," Modi said during a session at the G20 Leaders Summit. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-leaders-summit-adopts-new-delhi-declaration/articleshow/103535369.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-leaders-summit-adopts-new-delhi-declaration/articleshow/103535369.cms" target="_blank">G20 Leaders Summit adopts New Delhi Declaration</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-summit-pm-modi-announces-launch-of-global-biofuel-alliance/articleshow/103535675.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-summit-pm-modi-announces-launch-of-global-biofuel-alliance/articleshow/103535675.cms" target="_blank">G20 Summit: PM Modi announces launch of Global Biofuel Alliance</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/webstories/from-dream-girl-2-to-tootsie-epic-roles-which-saw-male-actors-crossdress/slidelist/103525812.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/webstories/from-dream-girl-2-to-tootsie-epic-roles-which-saw-male-actors-crossdress/slidelist/103525812.cms" target="_blank">From Dream Girl 2 to Tootsie – Epic roles which saw male actors crossdress</a>

India proposes G20 satellite for climate observation

<keyword id="6358777" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="new-delhi" source="Orion">New Delhi</keyword>, Amid speculations on regulation or outright banning of <keyword id="6368079" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="crypto-assets" source="Orion">crypto assets</keyword>, Finance Minister <keyword id="129243" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="nirmala-sitharaman" source="Orion">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> on Saturday said that that <keyword id="42981" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="g20" source="Orion">G20</keyword> will take call on it. "I don't want to get into the debate just now whether crypto will be regulated or banned. The G20 will take a call on that," she said when asked about the move to deal with it. "G20 countries have signed an agreement to collectively work to boost world bank's financing capacity. The G20 welcomed the IMF-FSB (Financial Stability Board) crypto synthesis paper, including the roadmap, that will support a coordinated and comprehensive policy and regulatory framework," she said. The Finance Minister was addressing a press conference along with Foreign Minister S Jaishankar and G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant on the sidelines of the G20 summit. She said that FSB has focussed more on the crypto regulations, whereas IMF has emphasised on the macroeconomic implications of crypto assets. "The synthesis paper is something which the G20 membership will go through in detail. There's one more meeting, under our presidency for the finance track, in Marrakesh," <keyword id="679937" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sitharaman" source="Orion">Sitharaman</keyword> said. G20 leaders have agreed to the discussions on the adoption of <keyword id="10038048" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="central-bank-digital-currencies" source="Orion">Central Bank Digital Currencies</keyword> (CBDCs), said the discussion paper on September 9. "We welcome discussions on the potential macro-financial implications arising from the introduction and adoption of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), notably on cross-border payments as well as on the international monetary and financial system," said the G20 discussion paper. The G20 discussion paper further added that they welcome the BIS Innovation Hub (BISIH) Report on Lessons Learnt on CBDCs. "Look forward to the IMF Report on Potential macro-financial implications of widespread adoption of CBDCs to advance the discussion on this issue," said the G20 discussion paper. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-leaders-summit-adopts-new-delhi-declaration/articleshow/103535369.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-leaders-summit-adopts-new-delhi-declaration/articleshow/103535369.cms" target="_blank">G20 Leaders Summit adopts New Delhi Declaration</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-summit-pm-modi-announces-launch-of-global-biofuel-alliance/articleshow/103535675.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-summit-pm-modi-announces-launch-of-global-biofuel-alliance/articleshow/103535675.cms" target="_blank">G20 Summit: PM Modi announces launch of Global Biofuel Alliance</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/webstories/from-dream-girl-2-to-tootsie-epic-roles-which-saw-male-actors-crossdress/slidelist/103525812.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/webstories/from-dream-girl-2-to-tootsie-epic-roles-which-saw-male-actors-crossdress/slidelist/103525812.cms" target="_blank">From Dream Girl 2 to Tootsie – Epic roles which saw male actors crossdress</a>

G20 to take call on crypto assets, says Nirmala Sitharaman

As PC and laptop makers urge the government to rethink its decision on import licensing requirements accompanied by a quota, the industry stakeholders have met <keyword id="296566" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="it-ministry" source="Orion">IT Ministry</keyword> officials to seek solutions on the matter. The meeting discussed proposed changes, like linking the import of IT hardware to the local manufacturing of a company value and its export value of electronic items, according to sources. The meeting on Friday was called to give suggestions on how the proposed import management system should work and get the stakeholders' feedback. Another meeting is likely to happen again next week to continue discussions on the issue. Last month, the <keyword id="7825659" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india-cellular-and-electronics-association" source="Orion">India Cellular and Electronics Association</keyword> (<keyword id="6816005" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="icea" source="Orion">ICEA</keyword>) wrote to the IT Ministry, requesting the government to rethink its decision on import licensing requirement accompanied by a quota, which was extended by 3 months until October 31, fearing that this may lead to price rise in consumer electronics products as companies are not yet prepared for manufacturing PCs, laptops and servers domestically at scale. The letter said that an overarching factor that should be taken into consideration in "avoiding supply chain disruption till domestic production ramps up" is that any "reduction in supplies or even an indication will lead to hoarding and market distortion". This, in turn, can push up consumer prices, "which will adversely impact not just key stakeholders such as students, but also those who are the core of growing the digital economy, i.e. start-ups, IT and ITES firms, BPOs". The industry seeks at least nine-month breather after the PLI for IT Hardware was launched. "The government may undertake a re-assessment of the investment pipeline and the supply situation before inviting the industry to discuss whether any further policy intervention is needed at that stage. It may be too early to assess the full implication of the new scheme before then," according to the letter. Where servers are concerned, the ICEA has received inputs that companies in that sector seek a relook at their inclusion in the proposed intervention. The Central government earlier deferred its decision to restrict the import of certain categories of laptops and computers until November 1, allowing companies three-months time to import these devices. Post November 1, no entity will be allowed to import laptops, computers, and related items without a license. The PLI 2.0 for IT hardware has garnered applications from 40 companies including global and domestic. The expected incremental production under the scheme is around Rs 3.35 lakh crore. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-leaders-summit-adopts-new-delhi-declaration/articleshow/103535369.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-leaders-summit-adopts-new-delhi-declaration/articleshow/103535369.cms" target="_blank">G20 Leaders Summit adopts New Delhi Declaration</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-summit-pm-modi-announces-launch-of-global-biofuel-alliance/articleshow/103535675.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/g20-summit-pm-modi-announces-launch-of-global-biofuel-alliance/articleshow/103535675.cms" target="_blank">G20 Summit: PM Modi announces launch of Global Biofuel Alliance</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/webstories/from-dream-girl-2-to-tootsie-epic-roles-which-saw-male-actors-crossdress/slidelist/103525812.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/entertainment/webstories/from-dream-girl-2-to-tootsie-epic-roles-which-saw-male-actors-crossdress/slidelist/103525812.cms" target="_blank">From Dream Girl 2 to Tootsie – Epic roles which saw male actors crossdress</a>

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G20 Summit: PM Modi announces launch of Global Biofuel Alliance

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US President Biden departs for Vietnam after attending G20 Summit

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A full-scale nuclear winter would trigger a global famine. A disaster expert put together a doomsday diet to save humanity.

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India proposes G20 satellite for climate observation

PTI

G20 to take call on crypto assets, says Nirmala Sitharaman

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PC manufacturers meet MeitY officials on import curbs, seek solutions

IANS

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