<ul class="summary-list"><li>A massive new study of economic data found that <keyword id="11892913" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="women" source="Orion">women</keyword>'s income share hasn't changed much in 30 years.</li><li>This is despite the fact that women's educational attainment has surpassed men's in many countries. </li></ul>Worldwide, women only make about a third of all labor income, but that doesn't mean they work less.This number has barely changed since 1990, even though the amount of <a href="https://wir2022.wid.world/chapter-5/">college-educated women has outstripped that of men in many countries</a> since then. Overall, women's share of global labor income was about 30% in the early 1990s, and today, it's just under 35%, according to the <a href="https://wir2022.wid.world/">World Inequality 2022 Report</a>, the first report of its kind, written by leading experts on economic <keyword id="11893571" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="inequality" source="Orion">inequality</keyword> including Thomas Piketty, Gabriel Zucman, and Emmanuel Saez. "In a gender equal world, women would earn 50% of all labor income," the team <a href="https://wir2022.wid.world/executive-summary/">wrote</a>. "In 30 years, progress has been very slow at the global level, and dynamics have been different across countries, with some recording progress but others seeing reductions in women's share of earnings."There are a number of structural reasons for why the labor force is so gender unequal throughout the world: sexism that keeps women from advancing in certain industries, or that shuts them out from certain careers completely. Women also perform a disproportionate amount of care work, such as for children and elderly family members, which precludes them from seeking paid jobs. The following chart from the report highlights just how little progress has been made in three decades:<iframe title="Women's share of global labor income" id="datawrapper-chart-ravEn" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/ravEn/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% ; border: none;" height="450"></iframe>"I think that this report in particular, it just shines the light that it's clear: Women's work is undervalued," Jasmine Tucker, director of research at the National Women's Law Center, told Insider. "Women are underpaid and the wage gap is sort of pervasive around the world." Despite women often being more educated than men, the report identified the key factors to closing the gender pay gap. The first major issue is the different value placed on different types of work and the limited career growth opportunities available by gender.In both cases, the issue is access. Certain industries exclude women, and certain industries hinder the achievement potential of women once they get there. Women take up a low number of entry-level positions in the automotive industry, for example, a <a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/people-and-organizational-performance/our-insights/breaking-down-the-gender-challenge">McKinsey report</a> found in 2016: just 26%.Technology is similarly forbidding: McKinsey found women hold 37% of entry-level roles in the sector.And in healthcare and pharmaceutical companies, women are overrepresented at the entry level (59%) but represent a minority of those promoted. <h2>Why women are getting paid less — and where in the world progress has stagnated </h2>The gender inequalities <a href="https://wir2022.wid.world/chapter-5/">chapter of the report</a>, which is based on the research of T. Neef and A.-S. Robilliard, found that not much of an increase in the places where women's share of labor income has gone up from 30 years ago. In North America, for instance, the share has increased from 34% to 38% over three decades. In China, it's actually dropped. The following chart from the report shows just how the share of women's labor income in different areas of the world has changed:<iframe title="Female labor income share" id="datawrapper-chart-vk6x8" src="https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/vk6x8/1/" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="width: 0; min-width: 100% ; border: none;" height="450"></iframe>"There are things that we need to be doing to make sure that we're moving in the right direction, that women will make up at some point 50% of all of the earnings, and we have to make it so that they can work if they want to," Tucker said. This includes things like raising the minimum wage and paid leave. Part of the reason for persisting gaps worldwide is that women spend "substantially more time" than men doing unpaid care work, for children, for instance. This is true across regions. "Women's labor is devalued across the world. Women are disproportionately taking on caregiving responsibilities across the world, and all of those things are playing a factor in women's wages," Tucker said. The pandemic has only made things worse with women taking on more caregiving roles and in some cases even having to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/more-women-left-work-force-september-labor-shortage-childcare-delta-2021-10">exit the labor force</a> because of childcare issues, such as no spots for their child at a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-labor-shortage-daycares-lost-workers-childcare-2021-12">daycare</a>. Tucker said the US can be "doing more" to support women who want to work."That would bring in earnings for tons of families or bring in more earnings if women have only been able to be part-time workers or if they've had to drop out of the labor force temporarily due to the pandemic."

All the women on Earth make about half as much money as the men. That's barely changed since 1990.

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="12011773" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="kirsten-dunst" source="Orion">Kirsten Dunst</keyword> told The Independent that the <keyword id="11931260" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pay-gap" source="Orion">pay gap</keyword> on "Spider-Man" was "extreme."</li><li>Dunst starred in "Spider-Man" alongside <keyword id="12055602" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="tobey-maguire" source="Orion">Tobey Maguire</keyword> as his love interest, Mary Jane Watson.</li></ul>Kirsten Dunst shared that she was paid considerably less than Tobey Magure for director Sam Raimi's "Spider-Man" trilogy.In an interview published on November 13 with <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/kirsten-dunst-interview-power-of-the-dog-b1955698.html">The Independent's Alexandra Pollard,</a> Dunst said that despite having top billing as love interest Mary Jane Watson, she felt her compensation wasn't reflective of her costar's success."The <keyword id="12229462" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pay-disparity" source="Orion">pay disparity</keyword> between me and Spider-Man was very extreme," Dunst told the outlet. "I didn't even think about it. I was just like, 'Oh yeah, Tobey [Maguire] is playing Spider-Man.'" "But you know who was on the cover of the second Spider-Man poster?" she continued. "Spider-Man and ME."The specific amount the "Fargo" actress made for her work in the "Spider-Man" franchise is unknown. Representatives for Kirsten Dunst did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment.Tobey Maguire garnered $4 million starring as the titular superhero in the first film, then negotiated a salary of $17.5 million for the sequel, <a href="https://variety.com/2004/film/markets-festivals/spidey-spins-web-for-a-third-time-1117901100/">according to a 2007 article by Variety.</a>In 2017, Dunst talked to <a href="https://variety.com/2017/film/features/kirsten-dunst-sofia-coppola-beguiled-sex-cannes-film-festival-nicole-kidman-1202425358/">Variety</a> about dealing with Hollywood's gender pay gap saying, "Because I was young, I thought, 'Oh wow, I'm getting paid a lot of money for the 'Spider-Man' movies.'" "But definitely the men were getting paid more," she told the outlet. "So yes, I experienced that."Dunst beat out other Hollywood lead actress to play Spider-Man's love interest, Mary Jane. <a href="https://people.com/movies/kate-bosworth-auditioned-for-spider-man/">People</a> reported that during a 2019 episode of "Watch What Happens Live with Andy Cohen," Bosworth shared how she "tanked" during her audition."She was perfect for [it]," Bosworth said about Dunst.According to a 2000 article by <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2000/dec/13/news3">The Guardian</a>, Dunst also beat out actresses Mena Suvari and Alicia Witt.

Kirsten Dunst said the pay gap between her and Tobey Maguire in 'Spider-Man' was 'extreme'

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An <keyword id="137685" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="FAA">FAA</keyword> committee released a report recommending airlines shift to gender neutral language.</li><li>The group recommended airlines replace words like "Airman" with "Aviator" to promote inclusivity.</li><li>Women have little representation in the industry. 94% of pilots and flight engineers are white men.</li></ul>The airline industry may soon move toward promoting more inclusive language in an effort to increase diversity.On Wednesday, a Federal Aviation Administration advisory committee released a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/context/faa-s-drone-advisory-commitee-report-on-gender-neutral-language/453134fc-1e0f-4209-947b-ec84f019e086/?itid=lk_inline_manual_4">report</a> recommending that airlines shift toward more gender neutral language by removing words like "Airman" and "Cockpit" from their lexicon. The FAA group recommended airlines replace "airman" with "aviator" and "cockpit" with "flight deck." It also said "unmanned aerial system" should become "unscrewed aerial system" or "drone system," to name a few recommendations."Research shows that the utilization of general-neutral language can lead to a more inclusive environment that draws more people to the industry and helps keep them there," the committee said in its report.The move would mirror changes that other organizations have made to be more inclusive toward women. In 2006, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/astronauts-not-astronauttes/419388/">NASA decided</a> that all terminology used in the space program would be gender neutral. The recommendation from the FAA's drone advisory committee comes as a result of a <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/biden-to-sign-executive-actions-on-equity/2021/01/26/3ffbcff6-5f8e-11eb-9430-e7c77b5b0297_story.html">push from the Biden administration</a> for more equity in aviation - an industry that has been primarily dominated by white men. While many women serve as flight attendants, there are very few female or minority pilots and flight engineers. To date, about 94% of airline pilots and flight engineers are white men, according to <a href="https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.htm">data from US Bureau of Labor Statistics.</a>By bringing more female representation into the industry, airlines could help combat a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/delta-pilots-travel-hire-1000-summer-labor-shortage-2021-6">shortage of pilots that threatens to halt a post pandemic boom in travel.</a> Though, gender neutral terminology will not target the lack of minority representation in the industry. <h2>The new terminology is one step toward addressing decades of sexism in the aviation industry</h2>In the past, the industry has benefited from the sexualization of women. In the 1950s through 1960s, flight attendants - called stewardesses at the time - were hired based on looks and were required to be unmarried, <a href="https://www.axios.com/aviation-industry-war-on-sexism-1f410114-5de2-4f43-9886-69b47307e839.html">Axios reports</a>. Most flight attendants at the time were forced to retire by the age of 35, according to the <a href="https://unitedafa.org/news/2021/3/16/from-stewardess-to-flight-attendant-80-years-of-sophistication-and-sexism">Association of Flight Attendants-CWA.</a>Some airlines became known for their stewardesses and even <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/9-regrettable-airline-slogans-1478799660">used them to advertise in the 60s</a>. Braniff International Airways' slogan was "Does your wife know you're flying with us?" While Pan Am asked: "How do you like your stewardesses?"<div type="image" title="Pan Am" height="1350" width="1800" msid="83814900" hostid="261"></div>By the 70s, many airlines had flight attendants donning hot pants and go-go boots. National Airlines spent <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/9-regrettable-airline-slogans-1478799660">$9.5 million on a 1971 campaign</a> that read "I'm Cheryl. Fly Me." The company later <a href="http://style.time.com/2012/08/07/virgin-americas-new-uniforms-a-75-year-history-of-fashion-in-flight/slide/national-airlines-1971/">expanded the ads</a> to include "I'm going to fly you as you've never been flown before" and claimed it saw a 23% jump in bookings.In the 80s, the industry began to gradually shift away from stringent physical requirements for <keyword id="158290" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Flight-attendant">flight attendant</keyword>s, as well as the sexual advertising schemes. Though, the Association of Flight Attendants notes women in the industry have continued to struggle with representation, as well as pay - the median annual wage for pilots is nearly double a flight attendant's salary, according to <a href="https://www.bls.gov/ooh/transportation-and-material-moving/airline-and-commercial-pilots.htm#:~:text=more%20than%20%24208%2C000.-,The%20median%20annual%20wage%20for%20commercial%20pilots%20was%20%2493%2C300%20in,percent%20earned%20more%20than%20%24200%2C920.">federal data.</a>In the past year, flight attendants have been forced to grapple with another set of issues. In May, a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/southwest-airlines-flight-attendant-lost-two-teeth-alleged-passenger-assault-2021-5">Southwest Airlines flight attendant allegedly lost two teeth</a> after a passenger assaulted her. That month, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/faa-charged-fines-up-to-15000-for-assaulting-flight-attendants-2021-5">FAA said it was seeing a spike of unruly and aggressive behavior on airlines</a>, citing moments when passengers hit, yelled, and shoved flight attendants. Last week, several flight attendants <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/flight-attendants-are-burned-out-as-passenger-violence-soars-2021-6">told Insider's Allana Akhtar</a> that they have faced "unprecedented" instances of violence and aggression in-air.

The FAA wants the airline industry to fight decades of sexism on airplanes by removing words like 'Cockpit,' 'Airman,' and 'Unmanned'

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Federal family-leave and childcare support policies can help close gender gaps, <keyword id="44660" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="JPMorgan">JPMorgan</keyword> said.</li><li>Female labor participation sits at 33-year lows and well below mens' level due to COVID-19 fallout.</li><li>Gender-responsive policies can counter the disproportionate hit women faced during the pandemic.</li></ul>Full <keyword id="46126" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="economic-recovery">economic recovery</keyword> in the US might not be enough to close gender gaps exacerbated by the pandemic, JPMorgan researchers said.The coronavirus and its economic fallout disproportionately slammed American women, with female-dominated sectors like hospitality and education hit the hardest by lockdowns. The greater share of domestic work that women perform in American society also prompted many to leave work and focus on caretaking. Where men made up the bulk of job losses seen during the financial crisis, the current recession has seen job losses land more equally.Women aren't just losing or leaving their jobs, either; they're exiting the labor force entirely. The female labor participation rate, while up from its pandemic lows, still sits at its lowest level in 33 years. More than 2.3 million women have left the US labor force since the pandemic began, versus nearly 1.8 million men exiting the workforce.Reviving the broader <keyword id="34412" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="economy">economy</keyword> should pull some women back into the labor force, the team led by Joyce Chang said in a note to clients, adding Congress can and should do more to close the gap. Federal paid-leave policies for mothers can alleviate the burdens of balancing work with early child care, as can federally guaranteed family leave. Public child care and education programs can also incentivize women to stay employed, according to the team.The nation's gender pay gap held at roughly 18% for the past decade, and that spread could widen by another five percentage points if the pandemic's effects aren't reversed, according to a National Bureau of Economic Research paper cited by JPMorgan. Recessions historically fuel a 2-point narrowing of the <keyword id="1015481" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="wage-gap">wage gap</keyword>.<h2>Closing the gender wage gap is good for growth, nevermind society</h2>Promoting workplace equality also has a tangible effect on economic growth. Narrowing the labor-participation gap between men and women by just 25% <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/economic-growth-gender-gaps-labor-force-equality-us-recovery-moodys-2021-3">could lift US gross domestic product by 2%</a>, according to the International Labor Organization. Fully closing the gap would boost GDP by 5%, the International Monetary Fund said."Continued focus on gender-responsive policies is required to counter the disproportionate burden women face in the current crisis - and more importantly, to prevent the economic damage from outlasting the virus itself," JPMorgan's researchers said.<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-biden-democrat-stimulus-plans-support-parents-families-direct-payments-2021-2#4.-childcare-assistance">Some steps have already been taken</a> to help working women. Democrats' latest stimulus plan includes a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stimulus-democrats-child-benefits-17-under-checks-parents-biden-relief-2021-2">child-tax-credit program</a> that will give families with children under the age of 5 up to $3,600 per child over the course of 2021. Those with children aged 6 to 17 can receive up to $3,000 per child.The package also includes $40 billion for child-care assistance. The average US household spends nearly 23% of its income on child-care costs, according to JPMorgan. The stimulus' inclusion of a child tax credit and direct relief for care providers helps lower the burden for mothers hoping to keep their jobs while raising children.Erasing such inequality stands to build a more robust economy after the pandemic, the researchers said. The coronavirus crisis has prompted discussions around family support and flexible work arrangements "that could yield steps forward in the future," they added.

33-year low in female labor participation rate requires new childcare and paid-leave policies, JPMorgan says

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword>'s Education Ministry has published plans to counter the "feminization" of young men.</li><li>The proposals, designed to target effeminacy, include hiring more gym teachers.</li><li>The plans have received widespread criticism from social media users and academics.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com.au/category/china">China</a>'s Education Ministry has published <a href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/xxgk_jyta/jyta_jiaoshisi/202101/t20210128_511584.html">a notice</a> detailing how it plans to counter the "feminization" of young men and boys.The plans, however, have been met with fierce opposition from academics and social media users.Posts criticizing the efforts have gone viral on Chinese social media apps, according to reports.Experts have also expressed their concerns about targeting effeminacy, <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/china-proposes-teaching-masculinity-boys-state-alarmed-changing-gender-roles-n1258939">NBC News</a> reported.The <a href="http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xxgk/xxgk_jyta/jyta_jiaoshisi/202101/t20210128_511584.html">proposals</a>, released earlier this year, outline how the Chinese government intends to "prevent the feminization of male youths."One of the primary policies centers on hiring more gym teachers, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/05/world/asia/china-masculinity-schoolboys.html">The New York Times</a> said. There are also guidelines on changing physical education classes' curriculum to bolster the "spirit of yang"- traditional Chinese notions of <keyword id="157268" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="masculinity">masculinity</keyword>.The plans were introduced after a senior government official said that the country is experiencing a "masculinity crisis," The Times said.Si Zefu, a top adviser to the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-communist-party-officials-sanctioned-by-us-over-uighur-abuse-2020-7">Chinese Communist Party</a>, wrote in May that <a href="http://special.chinadevelopment.com.cn/2020zt/2020qglh/dbwyzf/2020/05/1647314.shtml">these initiatives</a> were needed to prevent boys from becoming "delicate, timid and effeminate," NBC News said.He stressed that it was a matter of urgency, citing national security and threats to "China's survival and development," the media outlet reported.Experts have criticized the efforts to enforce masculinity."The concept of masculinity and femininity many people have is really nostalgia for a past we can't go back to," Shen Yifei, a sociologist at Fudan University, told Chinese state broadcaster <a href="https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-03-04/China-debates-masculinity-education-for-boys-YmjSM7bjVe/index.html">CGTN</a>. "There is nothing wrong with men being caring and emotionally expressive - qualities considered to be feminine, and women can also benefit from being courageous and rational."Fang Gang, a sociology professor at Beijing Forestry University, echoed a similar sentiment. "Men are not necessarily aggressive, competitive, and athletic, while women are not necessarily passive, emotional, and soft," the academic told NBC News. "Good characteristics are unisex, which both girls and boys should learn."The response on social media has been overwhelmingly negative, according to the <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55926248">BBC.</a>One user of the popular Chinese social media platform Weibo asked: "Is feminine now a derogatory term?"The post received more than 220,000 likes and prompted a hashtag that now has over 1.5 billion views, CGTN reported."None of these proposals have come from women," said another <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/go-viral-weibo-china-2015-6">Weibo</a> comment that was seen by the BBC.

You Searched For "gender inequalilty" and got 5 results

All the women on Earth make about half as much money as the men. That's barely changed since 1990.

Jason Lalljee,Madison Hoff

Kirsten Dunst said the pay gap between her and Tobey Maguire in 'Spider-Man' was 'extreme'

Ashley Turner

The FAA wants the airline industry to fight decades of sexism on airplanes by removing words like 'Cockpit,' 'Airman,' and 'Unmanned'

Grace Kay

33-year low in female labor participation rate requires new childcare and paid-leave policies, JPMorgan says

Ben Winck

China's boys are too 'effeminate' and need to channel the ancient spirit of 'yang' to rediscover their masculinity, government says

Joshua Zitser