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Emissions from residential cooking and heating, power generation, and industries together contribute up to 60 per cent of India's PM2.5 pollution, with about 80 per cent of this coming from <keyword id="23824528" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fossil-fuel-combustion" source="keywords">fossil fuel combustion</keyword>, a new study has found. The peer-reviewed study, published in MDPI's "Air" journal, suggests dividing India into 15 airsheds based on regional climate and pollution sources. An airshed is a geographic area where <keyword id="53848" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="air-quality" source="Orion">air quality</keyword> is influenced by common factors such as wind patterns and pollution sources. Since pollution can spread across regions, the <keyword id="22077484" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="airshed-approach" source="keywords">airshed approach</keyword> promotes coordinated action among states. "Residential cooking and heating, power generation, and all other industries together are responsible for 40-60 per cent of the PM2.5 pollution in all the airsheds, and approximately 80 per cent of the pollution comes from fossil fuel burning sources," said Sarath Guttikunda, lead author of the study and founder of UrbanEmissions.info. The study said biomass burning, including post-harvest crop residue burning, contributed less than 3 per cent to annual PM2.5 levels while transport accounted for 5-10 per cent in all airsheds. PM2.5 are fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less, about the width of a human hair. These are so small that these can penetrate deep into the lungs and even enter the bloodstream, posing significant health risks. An analysis of PM2.5 trends from 1998 to 2020, along with state-level data on fuel consumption, energy demand and emissions, revealed that 11 of the 15 airsheds were critical for India's air quality management and required coordinated interventions. The Indo-Gangetic Plains remain the most polluted region, with significant emissions from residential cooking and heating (especially in winter), power plants, brick kilns (driven by construction demand), waste burning, dust and vehicular movement for passengers and freight. The plateau region between the Eastern and Western Ghats, India's second most populated area, has seen the highest rise in annual PM2.5 pollution during this period, the study said. "This is an indication of the growing urbanisation and demand for transport, industrial, and commercial amenities," it said. Coastal areas, vital to India's industrial economy, have also experienced rising pollution despite the moderating effects of land-sea breezes. This increase is attributed to growing shipping emissions and overall industrial growth in cities such as Mundra, Surat, Mumbai, Goa, Mangalore, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Paradip and Haldia.

Study traces 60% PM2.5 pollution in India to residential cooking, power generation, industries

New Delhi: India's fossil fuel emissions are projected to rise by 4.6 per cent in 2024, while China could see a marginal rise of 0.2 per cent, according to new research by a group of international scientists. As the UN climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan, discussed raising trillions of dollars to tackle <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Climate-change" source="keywords">climate change</keyword>, the group of scientists known as the "Global Carbon Project" warned that emissions from fossil fuels -- the main driver of warming -- could hit a record 37.4 billion tonnes in 2024, up 0.8 percent from 2023 levels. This comes despite rapid growth in renewable energy and a landmark agreement at COP28 in Dubai last year to move away from fossil fuels. The "<keyword id="23948569" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-carbon-budget-2024" source="keywords">Global Carbon Budget 2024</keyword>" report said total global CO2 emissions are set to go up from 40.6 billion tons in 2023 to 41.6 billion metric tons in 2024, which is on course to become the warmest year on record. "The impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly dramatic, yet we still see no sign that burning of fossil fuels has peaked," Professor Pierre Friedlingstein of Exeter's Global Systems Institute, who led the study, said. The 'Global Carbon Project' team said India, the world's most populous country and fastest-growing major economy, may see its fossil fuel emissions rise by 4.6 percent. According to a UN report released last month, India's greenhouse gas emissions surged by 6.1 per cent in 2023, contributing to 8 per cent of the global total. However, the country's historical contribution to global CO2 emissions stands at only 3 per cent. India's per capita emissions remain low at 2.9 tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e), far below the global average of 6.6 tCO2e. India, the world's third-largest greenhouse gas emitter, has pledged to reach net zero emissions (balancing emissions with removals) by 2070 and aims to achieve 500 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. China's emissions, which make up 32 per cent of the global total, are likely to increase slightly by 0.2 per cent, though there is a chance they could decline, according to the data released on Wednesday. Emissions from the United States and the European Union, which contribute 13 per cent and 7 per cent of the global total, are both set to decline, with drops of 0.6 per cent for the US and 3.8 per cent for the EU. Emissions from the rest of the world, which together account for 38 per cent of global emissions, could see a rise of 1.1 per cent. The researchers said that in 2024, coal emissions will likely increase by 0.2 per cent, oil by 0.9 per cent, and gas by 2.4 per cent, globally. Coal, oil, and gas contribute 41 per cent, 32 per cent, and 21 per cent of global fossil CO2 emissions, respectively. However, given the uncertainty in projections, it remains possible that coal emissions could decline in 2024, they said. The report also pointed out that emissions from international aviation and shipping, which account for 3 per cent of global emissions and are tracked separately from national or regional totals, are expected to rise by 7.8 per cent in 2024. However, these emissions will still be 3.5 per cent below the 2019 pre-pandemic levels. Globally, emissions from land-use changes, like deforestation, have dropped by 20 per cent over the past decade but are expected to rise in 2024. Permanent CO2 removal through reforestation and new forest planting now offsets about half of the emissions from permanent deforestation, they added. Technology-based CO2 removal accounts for only a tiny fraction -- around one-millionth -- of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. The report said that emissions from fires in 2024 have been above the average since the beginning of the satellite record in 2003, particularly due to the extreme 2023 wildfire season in Canada (which continued into 2024) and severe drought in Brazil. Land and ocean carbon sinks continued to absorb around half of the total carbon emissions, despite being negatively affected by climate change.

Global fossil emissions to reach record high in 2024; India's share to rise by 4.6 pc: Report

Impact of Renewable Energy on Fossil Fuels

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="19969321" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="EV-charging" source="keywords">EV charging</keyword> is so bad it's driving people back to <keyword id="19951339" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="fossil-fuels" source="keywords">fossil fuels</keyword>.</li><li>Lack of <keyword id="20111395" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="charging-infrastructure" source="keywords">charging infrastructure</keyword> is already a barrier for many would-be EV buyers.</li></ul>Difficulty charging and other issues are leading some EV buyers to consider switching back to fossil fuels — the latest bad sign for the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/electric-vehicle-misconceptions-about-the-ev-transition-market-sales-2024-5" target="_blank">EV transition</a>. A recent consumer study conducted by <a href="https://executivedigest.sapo.pt/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Mobility-Consumer-Pulse-2024_Overview.pdf" target="_blank">McKinsey</a> found that 46% of US EV owners surveyed said they were likely to switch back to a gas-powered vehicle, compared to a global average of 29% of EV owners who said they would likely switch back to an internal-combustion engine. Respondents in 9 major countries said the top reason for potentially ditching their EVs was<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/electric-car-ev-road-trip-toyota-bz4x-genesis-gv60-charging-2023-8" target="_blank"> a lack of charging infrastructure</a>, something the US has historically <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2024/outlook-for-electric-vehicle-charging-infrastructure" target="_blank">lagged</a> behind other nations in building. Other charging issues high on the list included a lack of charging at home and the impact of long-distance driving. <keyword id="21396729" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="range-anxiety" source="keywords">Range anxiety</keyword> and access to charging infrastructure have long been considered <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/electric-vehicle-charging-availability-cost-automakers-tesla-supercharger-advantage-2023-2">one of the top barriers to electric vehicle adoption</a>, but the revelation that these same issues may drive current <keyword id="22369439" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="battery-powered-car-owners" source="keywords">battery-powered car owners</keyword> back into <keyword id="20635927" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gas-powered-cars" source="keywords">gas-powered cars</keyword> is a new blow for the already rocky <keyword id="20729481" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="EV-transition" source="keywords">EV transition</keyword>. Despite the challenges facing the segment, EVs accounted for a record 7.6% of all cars sold in the US in 2023 while the number of charging stations hit 61,000. While the rate of growth has slowed, industry experts and executives have said they expect some EV share to grow to 8% in 2024 as new models continue to hit the market, helping to keep their <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ev-electric-car-deals-leases-kia-hyundai-tesla-ford-2024-6" target="_blank">average price falling.</a> While there are plenty of shoppers interested in an electric vehicle, the options on sale today are often too big, too expensive, or not practical enough to replace a gas-powered car. Car companies are already <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/automakers-back-to-the-drawing-board-ev-plans-2024-2">scrambling to adjust</a> to a sudden change in the electric vehicle market in order to draw more new customers. The slowdown in electric vehicle sales growth has rocked everyone from Ford to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-sales-miss-ev-slowdown-new-wave-customers-2024-4">Tesla</a>, denting sales and forcing executives to rethink their long-term plans for electric vehicles. While the industry has made great strides in electric vehicle range and battery charging times, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ev-charging-needs-to-improve-amenities-offerings-stores-2024-6">huge holes in the infrastructure</a> make certain areas nearly impossible to navigate without a gas-powered engine. McKinsey's study found this issue to be particularly acute in the US, which had the second-highest rate of respondents say they're considering ditching their EV. (In first place was Australia, with 49% of respondents saying they are likely to switch back.) America's high placement shouldn't come as too much of a surprise. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/electric-vehicle-range-ev-charging-station-infrastructure-issues-2024-5">Charging infrastructure here has long been a hot-potato issue</a>, which has held back efforts to build more chargers. While a push from the automotive industry to fund charging infrastructure has led to a boom in public charging stations in the last two years, these have largely been money-losing ventures. On the government side, the Biden Administration has set aside $7.5 billion for charging infrastructure with a vow to add 500,000 EV charging stations by 2030. But that effort in reality has played out slowly so far, with only a handful of stations going live since the funding was approved two years ago. Addressing charging infrastructure is already high on the industry's list of priorities when it comes to removing barriers to adoption, but the fact that it might also drive existing EV owners away only amplifies the issue. Correction: July 9, 2024 — An earlier version of this story misidentified where respondents who said they were considering switching back to gas-powered cars because of charging issues were located. They were in 9 countries, not only the US.

EV charging is so bleak that some owners are considering going back to gas-powered cars, survey finds

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Study traces 60% PM2.5 pollution in India to residential cooking, power generation, industries

PTI

Global fossil emissions to reach record high in 2024; India's share to rise by 4.6 pc: Report

PTI

Impact of Renewable Energy on Fossil Fuels

EV charging is so bleak that some owners are considering going back to gas-powered cars, survey finds

Nora Naughton

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