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Indian states are finally experiencing signs of the winter’s arrival, marked by noticeable weather shifts across various regions. The <keyword id="19897673" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India-Meteorological-Department" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="India Meteorological Department" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</keyword> (IMD) reports that northern parts of the country, including Jammu &amp; Kashmir, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi, have started seeing foggy mornings. Alongside this, a gradual dip in maximum and minimum temperatures has been observed. Amid the delayed winter, IMD has forecast neutral El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions prevail over the equatorial Pacific, with below-average sea surface temperatures in the east equatorial region. Recent models also suggest the possibility of <keyword id="624823" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="La-Nia" source="Orion">La Niña</keyword> emerging during the post-monsoon season. La Niña, meaning "Little Girl" in Spanish, is usually associated with cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific and especially severe winters. It typically strengthens between October and February, potentially leading to harsher winters and heavier rainfall, which could impact agriculture, especially in regions reliant on winter crops. However, the La Niña is expected to be remarkably weak this time around. “Due to climate change, normal temperatures are already elevated, and the La Niña anomaly isn’t sustaining itself,” explained OP Sreejith, head of climate monitoring at the IMD. Its mild intensity could translate to a warmer-than-usual winter for India, especially in northern regions. La Niña can only be officially confirmed if the Oceanic Niño Index drops consistently to at least -0.5°C, a condition not yet met this year. Forecasters, including the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), had anticipated a clearer shift to La Niña by mid-year, but predictions fell short. This “spooky weather,” as described in NOAA’s latest blog, reflects the challenges of predicting precise ENSO patterns amid changing climate dynamics. According to private forecaster Skymet, borderline La Niña conditions may extend into early 2025, though ENSO-neutral conditions could reappear by the second quarter of next year. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="113251187" title="India braces for an intensely harsh winter as La Niña takes hold" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

La Niña conditions to take hold post-monsoon; models predict weak winter in North India

As cold wave conditions continued to grip <keyword id="338661" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="northwest-india" source="Orion">Northwest India</keyword>, including Delhi-NCR, Punjab, <keyword id="6355588" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rajasthan" source="Orion">Rajasthan</keyword>, and <keyword id="41646" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="haryana" source="Orion">Haryana</keyword>, the <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> Meteorological Department has issued orange and yellow alerts in most parts of the region. An orange alert asks authorities concerned to "be prepared" to respond to any emergency situation arising out of weather change while the yellow alert signifies that the weather could change, and hence people should be vigilant. The <keyword id="6366970" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="imd" source="Orion">IMD</keyword> has predicted light to moderate rain and a hailstorm with winds gusting up to 50 kilometres per hour that will lash northwest India, next week. Light rain is also expected in Delhi, the weather office said predicting a "partly cloudy sky, moderate to dense fog in the morning with the possibility of very light rain/drizzle towards night". "An active Western Disturbance is very likely to affect northwest India from January 21 to January 25. Under its influence, rainfall/snowfall is likely to commence over the western Himalayan region in the early hours of January 21 and continue till January 25 with peak activity on January 23-24," the IMD said in a statement. The weather office further added that a light to moderate hailstorm is likely at isolated places over Jammu, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, west Uttar Pradesh and north Rajasthan on January 23 and 24. IMD has issued orange and yellow alerts in parts of Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh as these area are likely to witness severe cold wave. In Punjab, Gurdaspur, Firozpur, Muktsar, Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur and Bathinda are on orange alert. Districts such as Fazilka, Barnala, Sangrur, Ludhiana and Fatehgarh Sahib are on yellow alert. In Haryana, Sonipat, Jhajjar, Rewari, Sonipat and Hisar are on orange alert, while Ambala, Kurukshetra, Bhiwand Palwal are on yellow alert. Most parts of Uttar Pradesh are on yellow alert. Meanwhile, the national capital on Wednesday witnessed foggy conditions, with several flights and trains running late due to low visibility. Several flights scheduled to depart from Delhi's Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGI) were delayed due to fog, informed airport authority on Wednesday. While the Northern Railway informed that six trains were running late due to fog. Earlier, India Meteorological Department said that two western disturbances in quick succession are likely to affect northwest India on January 18 and 20, as a result, cold wave conditions over northwest India are likely to abate from January 19. "Cold wave conditions over northwest India likely to abate from January 19. The rainfall/thunderstorm is likely to commence from January 22 and continue till January 25 with peak activity on 23 and 24 January over the plains of Northwest India including Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and North Rajasthan," the IMD said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/delhi-records-eighth-cold-wave-day/articleshow/97079910.cms">Delhi records eighth cold wave day</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/pm-modi-asks-bjp-workers-to-refrain-from-making-unnecessary-comments-about-films/articleshow/97080001.cms">PM Modi asks BJP workers to refrain from making 'unnecessary' comments about films</a>

Unabated cold wave in northwest India, IMD issues orange, yellow alerts

<keyword id="66" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Delhi" source="Orion">Delhi</keyword> will witness one of the coldest days this winter season with the minimum temperature dipping to 5 degrees Celsius on December 20, data from the India Meteorological Department (<keyword id="6366970" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="imd" source="Orion">IMD</keyword>) revealed on Tuesday. According to the IMD, the minimum temperature will settle at 7 degrees Celsius till Thursday, 6 degrees on Saturday and Sunday, and 5 degrees on December 20. The maximum temperature too, will drop to 21 degrees Celsius with foggy mornings throughout the week. The maximum temperature for Tuesday in the national capital has been pegged at 23 degrees Celsius, while the relative humidity at 8.30 a.m. was recorded at 95 per cent. After a day of slight improvement, Delhi-NCR's <keyword id="2071721" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Air-Quality-Index" source="Orion">Air Quality Index</keyword> (AQI) again deteriorated to the 'very poor' category. The AQI at 9 a.m. was recorded at 335, as per the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research's (<keyword id="289484" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="SAFAR" source="Orion">SAFAR</keyword>) estimates. The levels of PM 10 and PM 2.5 pollutants in the air were recorded at 274 and 165 in the 'poor' and 'very poor' categories, respectively. "The air quality over Delhi-NCT is likely to remain in the very poor category on December 14 and 15. The air quality is likely to improve and remain in the lower end of the very poor to poor category on December 16. The air quality is likely to improve significantly from December 16 onwards due to relatively stronger wind," said the air quality and weather bulletin for Delhi-NCR. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sports/news/virat-kohli-to-skip-the-upcoming-south-africa-odi-series-says-report/articleshow/88270993.cms">Virat Kohli to skip the upcoming South Africa ODI series, says report</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/personalities/news/tesla-boss-elon-musk-named-person-of-the-year-by-time-magazine/slidelist/88269832.cms">Tesla boss Elon Musk named ‘Person of the Year’ by Time magazine</a>

Delhi's minimum temperature to dip to 5 degrees on December 20, says IMD

<ul><li><a href="http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/APTOPIX-Pennsylvania-Daily-Life/648abce8af584f168829b50bf1362583/3/0">AP Photo/Gene J. Puskar</a>The sun rises over the skyline of Pittsburgh, Pa., reflected in the Allegheny River on a foggy morning in December 2015.An environmental movement that recognizes legal rights for nature has been embraced by conservative rural communities across the US.</li><li>Business Insider spoke to the man who helped Pittsburgh enact the strategy to keep fracking out of the city.</li><li>The idea of rights of nature began with indigenous communities, who have recognized rights for nature for thousands of years.</li></ul>When President Donald Trump <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-paris-agreement-climate-change-2017-6">withdrew the US</a> from the Paris climate agreement in June, he declared it was because he "was elected to represent the citizens of Pittsburgh, not Paris."But Pittsburgh didn't vote for Trump, and many in the city <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pittsburgh-trump-paris-agreement-2017-6">didn't agree</a> with his decision to pull out of the global accord. In fact, Pittsburghers have embraced the environmental movement head-on in their efforts to keep the city clean following the heavy pollution left behind from the heyday of the steel industry.One of those efforts is a growing movement that some call <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207233.2013.845715?src=recsys&amp;journalCode=genv20">radical</a>, known as "<a href="http://therightsofnature.org/">rights of nature</a>." It awards natural ecosystems legal rights in an effort to preserve the environment and protect human health.Pittsburgh took up the mantle in an effort to keep hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, out of the city in 2010.The Pittsburgh City Council passed the measure in a unanimous vote, and Ben Price, National Organizing Director from the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund (CELDF), who introduced the campaign to the city, told Business Insider that at every neighborhood meeting he attended, he didn't meet a single resident who was against the idea."When there were concerns expressed," Price said, "it was more in the line of 'Well yeah that's controversial, and I hope you don't let that get in your way, because we really need this.'"But Democratic-leaning cities like Pittsburgh aren't the only places embracing this idea. Price has found that awarding rights of nature is actually more popular in rural, conservative towns. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=https://www.forbes.com/2007/05/24/thomas-linzey-law-tech-cx_07rev_ee_0524linzey.html&amp;boxes=custom&amp;refURL=https://en.wikipedia.org/&amp;referrer=https://en.wikipedia.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Tamaqua</a>, Pennsylvania - tucked in a <a href="http://www.politico.com/2016-election/results/map/president/pennsylvania/">county where 70% of voters picked Trump</a> - was the first community in the US to pass it in <a href="https://celdf.org/2015/08/tamaqua-borough/">2006</a>.Tamaqua took up the cause to keep companies from dumping sewage sludge and dredged minerals from the Hudson and Delaware rivers into open pit mines. The township successfully passed a "<a href="http://www.harmonywithnatureun.org/content/documents/205Ordinance-Tamaqua--.pdf">community bill of rights</a>" giving nature civil rights, and making it unlawful for corporations to "interfere with the existence and flourishing of natural communities or ecosystems, or to cause damage" to them within the township.In November of 2010, Pittsburgh followed.<h2>'Our only chance'</h2>Sean Pavone/ShutterstockThe new Pittsburgh.In 2010, Pittsburgh City Councilman Bill Peduto, now the city's mayor, sent out an email to everyone he could think of - environmental groups, zoning and land use experts, environmental lawyers - to ask for advice on how to protect residents from fracking. Mayor Peduto wasn't available for comment.The practice had taken off in Pennsylvania by then and was inching closer to the city. One Catholic church had already signed lease agreements to allow an oil company to drill for natural gas beneath their cemetery, which "got everyone up in arms," Price said. "So it wasn't a moot point."Price was one of the people on that large email chain.Peduto and his constituents were concerned about the impact of fracking on their drinking water, air quality, and soil. "A lot of damage had been done to each, and ... denied by the industry and politically denied by [the state] environmental agency," Price said.While the fracking boom has allowed the US to wean off coal (which <a href="https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/?page=coal_environment">pollutes more</a>), <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-environ-031113-144051">studies have shown</a> that fracking can dislodge methane, oil, or gas from the ground, which can then seep into and pollute drinking water sources, particularly when the drilling wells <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/few-fracking-wells-contaminate-drinking-water-2016-2">aren't properly cemented</a>. A <a href="https://www.epa.gov/hfstudy">December 2016 EPA report</a> found evidence that fracking has contributed to drinking water contamination "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/epa-investigation-finds-fracking-threatens-drinking-water-supplies-2016-12">in all stages of the process</a>."<a href="http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Billy-Joel-Concert/c596028c11d645ce8d50f802b98150e2/32/0">AP Photo/Keith Srakocic</a>Pittsburgh Mayor Bill Peduto was a city council member at the time of passing rights of nature, and the ordinance's first supporter.Twenty-three different environmental groups and legal experts replied to the email thread offering their expert advice. Price said the other suggestions all assumed that fracking was the inevitable outcome, because Pennsylvania state law allowed fracking.In Pennsylvania, state law says municipalities aren't allowed to regulate the oil and gas industry any more strictly than the state is. So, if the state says fracking is okay, cities can't overrule that. This led to zoning experts to suggest containing fracking to certain areas in order to protect the rest of the city, and environmental groups to suggest laws to strengthen industry safety and regulations. But to Price, it wasn't enough."I watched to see what kind of suggestions were put forward, and all of them colored within the lines," Price said. "After seeing that was going to be the tenor of response from the environmental communities, I suggested our approach, which is a community rights strategy."So Price wrote back to Peduto, and told the councilman that "the only way to protect the community as a whole from fracking [is] to not allow fracking to occur."<a href="http://www.apimages.com/metadata/Index/Mistaken-Demolition/b21f3d846a8040bdbb5136952ca74cb6/4/0">AP Photo/Keith Srakocic</a>A home in Pittsburgh's West End. Zoning laws would have protected some of the city from fracking, but left other parts vulnerable.CELDF's strategy was to declare a right to clean air, water, and soil for all the citizens of Pennsylvania. Under this rights of nature strategy, to allow fracking would threaten that right, so the city would have ban it.The approach took environmental protection out of a regulatory realm - which allowed fracking to occur but under certain rules - and moved it to a legal realm - which argued fracking violated their legal rights to clean air and water and should therefore be banned."When I proposed that there was pretty much silence from everyone else in the conversation," Price said.After speaking with Price, Peduto wrote back to everyone on the thread on June 29, 2010, according to a copy obtained by Business Insider:"The mission of the attorneys is not to try to minimize impact through zoning laws - that is a losing battle. The idea is to establish municipal authority and rights. [CELDF is] working with 120 local governments in PA presently and although controversial - it would be our only chance to prohibit gas drilling in Pittsburgh. The mission of this group is to create a unique way to stop all drilling within the city's borders - nothing short. If anyone disagrees with this approach - and it is OK to disagree - please let me know now. It is imperative that we have a strong and unified base as we take this battle on and work to succeed."<h2>A way to empower the community</h2>Ben Price/CELDF for Business InsiderA community protester in Pittsburgh, 2010.Rights of nature dates back thousands of years ago with indigenous groups, many of whom had always considered nature to have rights.During the early 20th Century, the priest <a href="http://therightsofnature.org/thomas-berrys-ten-principles-of-jurisprudence/">Thomas Berry</a> worked to spread the work of rights of nature through his teachings. Nowadays, when most people cite where to learn about the topic, they bring up "<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Should-Trees-Have-Standing-Environment/dp/0199736073">Should Trees Have Standing</a>," first written as an essay in 1972 and later published as a book by law professor Christopher Stone after he got into an argument about the topic with his students.Stone wrote:The movement has gone global with countries like Ecuador and Bolivia constitutionalizing rights of nature, and legal battles won in <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/rights-of-nature-movement-india-glacier-2017-4">New Zealand and India</a> protecting them locally. The Green Party of England and Wales <a href="http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_round_up/2987304/greens_commit_to_rights_of_nature_law.html">adopted</a> <a href="https://policy.greenparty.org.uk/rr.html">rights of nature</a> as an official party policy in 2016.Price explained that by recognizing enforceable legal rights for ecosystems, "any member of the community would have standing before the court of law to enforce those rights," if, for example, a future city council decided not to. Should that happen, "the community could stand in as agents for the ecosystem and enforce it," similar to how an adult could stand in as an agent for an abused child in the court of law.The process empowered the people of Pittsburgh, Price said, to protect themselves and their environment even if the local government refused to.<h2>For the people, by the people</h2>Ben Price/CELDF for Business InsiderBen Price (R) and Doug Shields (L) speak in the lead-up to adoption of the Community Bill of Rights in Pittsburgh.Ultimately it wasn't Price's "silver tongue" that won over the council members, but the organizing in the community that demanded the rights of nature law be passed.Price attended many city council meetings over the months it took to pass the community bill of rights, where the lines of residents waiting to speak in support of the topic stretched out the door.Pittsburghers had spent decades turning the city from the <a href="https://www.citylab.com/design/2012/06/what-pittsburgh-looked-when-it-decided-it-had-pollution-problem/2185/">dark smoggy pictures of its past</a>, to a bright, new, environmentally friendly destination, and they saw the threat of fracking as a step backwards from that.City Council Doug president Shields said in the 2016 documentary "<a href="https://celdf.org/2016/10/doug-shields-people-2-0-second-american-revolution/">We The People 2.0</a>" that after learning about CELDF's community rights approach, "a light bulb switched on.""As part of the City Council, I thought our zoning code would be a solution. But then I realized no matter how stringent our restrictions, Pittsburgh would still be fracked, because zoning doesn't let us say 'no' to any harmful activity. It simply tells us where it will go," Shields recalled.Shields met with each of his other council members behind the scenes, and Price met with each of them privately, pushing the issue. Even the most opposed council member ultimately came around because his voters wanted it.The ordinance banning fracking and awarding rights to nature won a unanimous vote, and <a href="http://www.yesmagazine.org/people-power/pittsburg-bans-natural-gas-drilling">has been law</a> since November 2010."We not only banned fracking, but we asserted our right to self-government," Shields said in the documentary. "We asserted nature's rights, and our obligation to protect the ecosystems that sustain us."<h2>Pushback in progressive communities</h2>Ben Price/CELDF for Business InsiderA locally organized protest against fracking in Pittsburgh, 2010.Pittsburgh had followed in the footsteps of many conservative small towns when passing its rights of nature doctrine.Price said he actually hears more pushback from liberal communities than conservative ones."I know that sounds odd," he said. "What we hear is, 'If we do that we'll be accused of being hippy tree huggers.' It's a defensive. It's a very difficult obstacle to overcome in some of the progressive communities."To name a few, <a href="https://www.smgov.net/departments/council/agendas/2013/20130312/s2013031207-C-1.htm">Santa Monica</a>, California; the <a href="http://therightsofnature.org/wp-content/uploads/Ho-Chunk-Nation-R-of-N-pressrelease-09-2015.pdf">Ho-Chunk Nation</a> of Wisconsin; <a href="http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/pennsylvania-township-declares-freedom-from-fracking">Licking Township</a>, Pennsylvania; <a href="http://www.times-news.com/news/local_news/mountain-lake-park-passes-ordinance-banning-natural-gas-drilling-in/article_73b99fc5-38a1-574d-b3e6-780275ab0960.html">Mountain Lake Park</a>, Maryland; <a href="http://www.precaution.org/lib/08/prn_halifax_va_outlaws_chem_trespass.080211.htm">Halifax</a>, Virginia; <a href="http://afd-headlines.blogspot.com/2006/03/barnstead-water-rights-local-self.html">Barnstead</a>; New Hampshire; and <a href="https://law.resource.org/pub/us/code/city/me/Shapleigh.html">Shapleigh</a>, Maine have all passed rights of nature laws since 2006.Price's organization is now helping <a href="https://celdf.org/2016/08/press-release-grant-township-wins-key-motions-fight-civil-environmental-rights/">Grant Township in Pennsylvania</a> fight for rights of nature legislation to block fracking injection wells on their land. The town has been working on a community bill of rights since 2014, when teacher Judy Wanchisn contacted CELDF, <a href="http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/how-a-small-town-is-standing-up-to-fracking-w482577">Rolling Stone reported</a>. To her and her neighbors, it doesn't seem like a partisan issue."It didn't matter if they were Democrats or Republicans," Wanchisn told Rolling Stone. "People didn't want anyone messing around with their water. They understand, 'You poison my water and I don't have a home.'"CELDF will keep helping communities assert their own rights by legally recognizing nature's rights, and Price expects the movement to keep growing."The position that we take on nature is that nature has always had these rights," he said. "Nature has always deserved this kind of protection and allocation of its importance to the highest level in our legal system, just as women always had the equal right with men to participate in government and voting. They were simply being denied that right all along." <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/watch-donald-trump-announce-us-withdrawal-paris-climate-accord-white-house-global-warming-president-2017-6">'We're getting out': Watch Trump announce the US' withdrawal from the Paris Climate Accord</a></h3> Please enable Javascript to watch this video

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La Niña conditions to take hold post-monsoon; models predict weak winter in North India

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Unabated cold wave in northwest India, IMD issues orange, yellow alerts

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Delhi's minimum temperature to dip to 5 degrees on December 20, says IMD

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How Pittsburgh embraced a radical environmental movement popping up in conservative towns across America

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