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Gender discrimination is the reason for 98 per cent of employment gap between males and females in <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, according to a new report of <keyword id="69945" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="oxfam-india" source="Orion">Oxfam India</keyword>. The report highlighted that woman in India despite their same educational qualification and work experience as men will be discriminated in the labour market due to societal and employers' prejudices. The Oxfam India's 'India Discrimination Report 2022' shows that discrimination causes 100 per cent of employment inequality faced by women in rural areas in labour market and 98 per cent in urban areas. The report said self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females, 83 per cent of which is attributed to gender-based discrimination and 95 per cent of the gap between the earnings of male and female casual wage workers is due to discrimination. According to the report, gender discrimination is the reason for 98 per cent of the employment gap between males and females. Woman in India despite their same educational qualification and work experience as men will be discriminated in the labour market due to societal and employers' prejudices, it said. The report further said that 93 per cent of the gap in earnings of males and females is due to discrimination. Rural self-employed males earn twice of what females earn in rural areas. Male casual workers earn Rs 3,000 per month more than females, 96 per cent of which is attributed to discrimination, it said. As high as 91.1 per cent of the gap in earnings between males and females is explained by discrimination. The academically recognised statistical model applied in the report is now able to quantify the discrimination women face in the labour market. The lower wages for salaried women are due to 67 per cent of discrimination and 33 per cent due to lack of education and work experience, the report said. Oxfam India called on the government to actively enforce effective measures for the protection and right to equal wages and work for all women. The Government of India should also incentivise the participation of women in workforce, including enhancement in pay, upskilling, job reservations and easy return-to-work options after maternity, the report said. What the report finds is if a man and woman starts on an equal footing, the woman will be discriminated in the economic sphere where she will lag behind in regular/salaried, casual and self-employment, said <keyword id="1594237" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="amitabh-behar" source="Orion">Amitabh Behar</keyword>, CEO of Oxfam India. "The inequality in the labour market for gender and other social categories, the report finds, is not just due to poor access to education or work experience but because of discrimination," he said. These findings are based on the government data on employment and labour from 2004-05 to 2019-20. The Oxfam India report refers to unit level data from 61st round <keyword id="179132" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-sample-survey" source="Orion">National Sample Survey</keyword> (NSS) data on employment-unemployment (2004-05), the <keyword id="3429286" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="periodic-labour-force-survey" source="Orion">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> in 2018-19 and 2019-20 and All India Debt and Investment Survey by the government. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/online-education-platform-upgrad-acquires-centum-learning-to-upskill-enterprise-workforce/articleshow/94216993.cms">Online education platform upGrad acquires Centum Learning to upskill enterprise workforce</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/fitch-slashes-indias-fy23-gdp-growth-forecast-to-7-from-7-8-earlier/articleshow/94213633.cms?utm_source=google_newsstand&amp;utm_medium=google_rssfeed&amp;utm_campaign=news_referral">Fitch slashes India's FY23 GDP growth forecast to 7% from 7.8% earlier</a>

Self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females: Oxfam

<ul><li>India is the second largest market of freelance professionals in the world, after the United States. That accounts for nearly 15 million professionals in the country. </li><li>Despite the growth, women refrain from pursuing gig work. </li><li>That is majorly because of the gender disparity in terms of pay, flexibility and employment status. </li><li>There are at least two surveys that explain the lag in the labour reforms for women. </li></ul>India is the second largest market of freelance professionals in the world, after the United States. That accounts for nearly 15 million professionals in the country. In fact, as India Inc moves to evaluating an ‘alternative workforce model’ with <keyword id="7771650" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="gig-workers">gig workers</keyword> and freelancers, the demand is only going to rise. But despite the growth, women refrain from pursuing gig work. That is majorly because of the gender disparity in terms of pay, flexibility and employment status — that prevails in the <keyword id="3080230" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="gig-economy">gig economy</keyword> as well. This also reflects in the <keyword id="4476046" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="female-labour">Female Labour</keyword> Force Participation Rate (FLPR) in India, which has been falling for two decades now. There are at least two surveys that explain the lag in the labour reforms for women. In 2018, a survey said that a third of women were disinterested in joining the gig economy due to the lack of job security and uncertainty on employment status. Pay parity still a concern In addition to this, they are being paid less, widening the gender parity. A research by <a href="https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/ORF_IssueBrief_359_GenderGig.pdf">Observer Research Foundation (ORF)</a> reiterates the data from TeamLease in India that said the gig economy added 40,000 women in 2019. But, they are making 10% less than men, especially the delivery executives. The same year, the <keyword id="119211" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ministry-of-labour">Ministry of Labour</keyword> and Employment proposed the Code on Social Security Bill, to offer social security benefits to gig workers. On those lines, Finance Minister <keyword id="129243" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirmala-Sitharaman">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> on May 14, said that social security schemes will now be extended to even gig and platform workers, the proposal is awaiting approval of the Parliament and the Standing Committees. It is important because food-tech and e-commerce players such as Uber, Ola, Zomato and Swiggy, account for nearly 90% of the total gig workers in India. On an average, women make an average of ₹15,000 to ₹30,000 per month in the emerging gig economy. “This could be attributed to their income being of the ‘distressed’ category. Consequently, as soon as conditions improve, women leave the workforce — this phenomenon is widely visible in India’s informal economy as well,” said the ORF report. Limited access to digital technologies That aside, the lag in the access to digital technologies is yet another hurdle to women’s participation in gig work. Despite the country’s push for digitisation, merely 16% women in India use mobile internet, as per the findings of the GSMA Mobile Gender Gap Report 2019. To overcome that, many companies offer their own devices to facilitate work. “The gig economy is here to stay and offers many ways for women to start and improve their careers. However, the problem in India is twofold: an inability to facilitate women’s movement into the workforce, and the perpetuation of structural and operational barriers promoting gendered division of gig work,” said the report. Future scope As per Deloitte data, nearly 80% of the organisations have less than 10% of their employees as gig workers, accounting majorly to <keyword id="2245174" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Contractual-staff">contractual staff</keyword>. India’s gig economy is projected at a market size of $455 billion over the next three years — which might increase even further with the new-found interest. “A large majority of this is expected to be contributed by the unorganised sector of the economy, as India Inc's adoption of gig workers remains nascent at best,” the Deloitte report said. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/more-employees-at-capgemini-infosys-and-wipro-are-being-brought-back-to-offices-while-tcs-is-still-in-wait-and-watch-mode/articleshow/75691940.cms">More employees at Capgemini, Infosys, and Wipro are being brought back to offices while TCS is still in wait and watch mode</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/from-minimum-wages-for-all-to-social-security-for-gig-workers-these-are-the-broad-outlines-of-upcoming-labour-reforms-in-india/articleshow/75733790.cms">From minimum wages for all to social security for gig workers ⁠— these are the broad outlines of upcoming ‘labour reforms’ in India</a>

Indian women don’t like being gig workers ⁠— the potentially $455 billion industry has to woo them with fair pay to start with

<ul><li>From boardroom participation to inclusive policies, India Inc is stepping up its efforts to recognise women at the workplace. </li><li>The Indian law mandates maternity benefits to <keyword id="6482204" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="FEMALE-EMPLOYEES">female employees</keyword> at the time of childbirth, under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. </li><li>However, there are a few companies, including tech giants like <keyword id="6370971" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="accenture">Accenture</keyword>, Tata Consultancy Services (<keyword id="6357150" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="tcs">TCS</keyword>) and <keyword id="6358384" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="SAP">SAP</keyword> — that have gone beyond the basics. </li><li>Here are the five companies that extend adoption and paternity leave.</li></ul>From boardroom participation to inclusive policies, India Inc is stepping up its efforts to recognise women at the workplace. The Indian law mandates maternity benefits to women employees at the time of childbirth, under the Maternity Benefit Act, 1961. The maternity act is applicable to all companies employing over 10 people. Yet too many women continue to drop out of the workforce mid-career due to childcare and family responsibilities. “Organizations across sectors have taken conscious steps to create an enabling environment for women as well creating the right infrastructure at the workplace to support the growth of women. The gender parity has improved significantly, with 28% organizations not differentiating between male and female apprentices. There is still a long path to walk, but the ecosystem is definitely getting more conducive and encouraging,” told Sumit Kumar, Vice President at <keyword id="8169255" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="NETAP">NETAP</keyword>, TeamLease. However, there are a few companies, including tech giants like Accenture, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) and SAP — that have gone beyond the basics.

Accenture, TCS and other top tech giants that extend adoption leaves to its female employees

Indias urban unemployment rate improved remarkably in the April-June quarter, revealed the <keyword id="7734679" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-statistical-office" source="Orion">National Statistical Office</keyword>. It dipped to 7.6 per cent during the April-June quarter from 12.6 per cent during the corresponding quarter a year ago. It is a clear indication that the country's economy is coming out the grip of Covid-induced slowdown. India's urban unemployment rate improved across genders and age groups to its best-ever level in the quarter ending June 2022.India's headline urban unemployment rate was 7.6 per cent in the quarter ending June, compared to 8.2 per cent in the quarter ending March, 12.7 per cent in the June quarter of 2021-22, and 8.9 per cent in the June quarter of 2019-20. Joblessness was high in April-June 2021 mainly due to the staggering impact of Covid-related restrictions in the country. The 15th <keyword id="3429286" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="periodic-labour-force-survey" source="Orion">Periodic Labour Force Survey</keyword> (<keyword id="1697741" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="plfs" source="Orion">PLFS</keyword>) showed that the unemployment rate among females (aged 15 years and above) in urban areas declined to 9.5 per cent in April-June, 2022 from 14.3 per cent a year ago. It was 10.1 per cent in January-March, 2022.Among males, the unemployment rate in urban areas dipped to 7.1 per cent in April-June 2022 compared to 12.2 per cent a year ago. It was 7.7 per cent in January-March 2022. Since some kinds of jobs, like those in agriculture, are seasonal in nature, unemployment rate comparisons are best made for the same quarter across years. However, the remarkable improvement in this rate can be seen from the fact that it is the lowest rate since the quarter ending June 2018, the first quarter for which the quarterly bulletins have data, revealed media reports. That the improvement in unemployment rate was not lopsided can be seen from the fact that it improved across groups. The quarterly bulletin gives a breakup of unemployment rate by gender and by three age groups: all ages, 15-29 years, and 15 years and above. Unemployment rates for all these groups was the best in the quarter ending June, media reports said. Similarly, at 37.2 per cent, the labour force participation rate (<keyword id="4279410" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="lfpr" source="Orion">LFPR</keyword>) - or the share of population working or seeking work - in the first quarter of the current financial year was the highest for this quarter for any year since 2018-19 and 10 basis points (100th of a percentage point) higher than in the first quarter of last year. While LFPR was not at its best level in the quarterly bulletin's history like the unemployment rate, it is enough for it to be best for the June quarter because of the seasonality factor. The broad industry-wise breakup of workers further showed that employment prospects also improved. The share of workers in agriculture, secondary sector (which includes sectors like manufacturing and mining), and tertiary sector (comprises services) was 5.7 per cent, 34 per cent and 60.3 per cent, respectively. The share in agriculture is an improvement over the June quarters of FY 2021-22 and FY 2020-21, both affected by lockdowns, but not over FY 2019-20, when only 4.9 per cent were in agriculture. The share in tertiary sector was similarly a higher 62 per cent in FY 2019-20, a clear sign that though people are seeking and finding jobs with the pandemic under control, they may not be earning as much as they did before the pandemic. These signs will be confirmed or rejected when the unit-level data becomes available, the report stated. Labour force refers to the part of the population which supplies or offers to supply labour for pursuing economic activities for the production of goods and services and, therefore, includes both employed and unemployed persons. The NSO launched PLFS in April 2017. On the basis of PLFS, a quarterly bulletin is brought out giving estimates of labour force indicators namely unemployment rate, worker population ratio (<keyword id="1966243" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="wpr" source="Orion">WPR</keyword>), labour force participation rate (LFPR), distribution of workers by broad status in employment and industry of work in Current Weekly Status. SEE ALSO : <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/gromo-raises-11-million-plans-to-double-headcount-in-6-12-months/articleshow/94031705.cms">GroMo raises $11 million, plans to double headcount in 6-12 months</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/dreamfolks-services-beats-grey-market-expectations-lists-at-a-55-premium/articleshow/94017839.cms">DreamFolks Services stock slips 8% from its listing price</a>

India's urban unemployment rate dips to 7.6% in the April-June quarter

<ul><li>As education level rises, the rate of unemployment also increases, shows data by Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE). </li><li>Unemployment rate among the highly educated stood at 13.2% during September-December 2018. </li><li>People with bachelor’s degrees and above account for only 10% of India’s total working age population.</li><li>Rate of unemployment among women — with bachelor’s and master’s degrees — has been higher than men, at 35%. </li></ul>Unemployment has emerged as a key challenge for the Indian government as it heads into the general elections. A recent <a href="https://www.cmie.com/kommon/bin/sr.php?kall=warticle&amp;dt=2019-03-19%2009:46:12&amp;msec=486">analysis </a>by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE) has shown that the rate of unemployment among qualified youth — those with bachelor degrees and higher — has seen a sharp increase from mid 2017. The report has highlighted that the unemployment rate for the given group was projected at 13.2% during September - December period in 2018. While in 2017, the number stood at 12.1% for the qualified Indians. The highly educated set of individuals — those with bachelor’s degrees and above — faced the <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/unemployment-rate-among-graduates-touched-13pct-during-sep-dec-2018-cmie/story/329572.html">maximum unemployment </a>while the students who passed high school stood at 10.6%, in terms of unemployment numbers. The CMIE’s Consumer Pyramids Household Survey bifurcated the unemployment numbers according to the levels of education. People who have completed a bachelor’s degree or any other higher level of education account for only 10% of the working age population of India. While over 100 million had a bachelor’s degree or higher as of 2018. Out of these, nearly 53 million of those were employed. While eight million were looking for jobs. Post graduates (master’s or higher) in India have been facing the biggest challenge to fetch jobs. The unemployment rate among those with a master’s degree is twice the unemployment among the entire labour force, according to the report. India has a labour participation rate of 61% — for the graduation and above group, which was below 60% mark, a year ago. Labour participation rate is the number of employed people or the ones seeking employment. Unemployment among women While the overall labour participation rate — employed and seeking jobs — in the country has improved from the past few years, the female participation was still significantly low at 11.1% during September-December 2018. However, for the females with higher educational qualifications, the numbers hit 22.6%, which is more than twice compared to the average female participation. Unemployment rate among women in this segment stood at 35% during the same period. In contrast, the rate of unemployment for men stood at 10%. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indians-will-prefer-to-learn-a-new-skill-if-they-have-a-four-days-work-week-survey/articleshow/68516702.cms">Indians were asked what they would do in their free time if they could work for four days a week — and their answers are unexpected</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/male-workforce-is-reportedly-shrinking-in-india-reveals-job-survey-by-nsso/articleshow/68498030.cms">Male workforce is reportedly shrinking in India, reveals job survey by NSSO</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-unemployment-crisis-is-hurting-women-more-than-the-men/articleshow/68403129.cms">India’s unemployment crisis is hurting women more than the men</a>

Fewer jobs for better educated: India’s unemployment rate stands at 13.2% among the highly educated segment

<ul><li>According to the United Nations, women constitute merely 14% of the total 280,000 scientists, engineers and technologists in research development institutions in India. </li><li>Despite the ground-breaking research and performance, women in the field of STEM are known to be paid less for their research work compared to men — not progressing as much in their careers. </li><li>In a bid to ‘recruit, retain and promote’ <keyword id="4244406" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="women-in-stem">women in STEM</keyword> areas, the ministry of science and technology said that it will now rank higher education institutions — on gender equality.</li></ul>As India is digitally transforming at a rapid pace, the demand for technologically competent employee base is growing. For that, the country could turn inward instead of outward to plug the gap. As many as<a href="https://www.science.org.au/supporting-science/international-representation/association-academies-and-societies-sciences-asia"> 40% of Indians who graduate</a> in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) disciplines are women. Neither the graduates nor the country is gaining much from it though, it seems like. Women constitute merely 14% of the total 280,000 scientists, engineers and technologists in research development institutions in India, according to the <a href="https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/international-day-of-women-and-girls-in-science">United Nations</a>. This is despite their women-centric initiatives. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="NorbertElekes" handlename="Norbert Elekes" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1148447760464646144/WJbazf0m_normal.jpg" favoritecount="504" retweetcount="253" status="Employed researchers who are women: 🇦🇷ARG: 53% 🇳🇿NZL: 52% 🇲🇾MAL: 48% 🇮🇩IDN: 46% 🇿🇦RSA: 45% 🇪🇸ESP: 40% 🇷🇺RUS: 40%… https://t.co/4exN4DnGr0" createdat="1581479916000" id="1227441850895695873"></div>



 “While girls enrolling in science for higher studies in India has seen an increase, the number of women entering the workplace is not in the same proportion,” the UN said. This is a global problem. Women represent a minority in the world of science at a mere 30%; and only 35% of the STEM students are women. India however is a paradox where it has graduates but not researchers. “We need a dedicated strategy not only for increasing the representation of women in the talent pipeline for STEM jobs, but also for ensuring that they thrive, incentivizing them to remain in these high-paying jobs and institutionalizing organizational cultures that enable women to advance in these fields,” Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Director of UN Women <a href="https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/2/statement-ed-phumzile-international-day-of-women-and-girls-in-science">said on the International Day of Women and Girls in Science</a> on February 11. Less published work, less pay One of the major reasons for the low participation is the gender pay gap. Despite the ground-breaking research and performance, women in the field of STEM are known to be paid less for their research work compared to men — not progressing as much in their careers thereby. “Girls are often made to believe they are not smart enough for STEM, or that boys and men have natural affinity for the field,” UN countered. It also said that the women in the field publish fewer research papers across the world. Here too, India is an exception. A recent study published in ‘<a href="https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/science-technology/gender-balance-in-scientific-research-improving-in-india-study-63313">Journal of Informetrics</a>’ said that one in three research papers published in India, was written by a female author — in over 186 fields as per the scopus database. In fact, in subjects such as dentistry, psychology and humanities, women were almost at par with men with one female author for every two male authors. India’s push for women in science and research It is possible that women might be getting little recognition and lesser pay in spite of these achievements - encouraging fewer women to come into the field. Women constitute merely 15% of faculty positions in science. In the research programmes, women account for a third of the PhD awardees. Not just in STEM but India has a long way to go before they attain gender parity across fields and industries. According to the <a href="https://www.weforum.org/reports/gender-gap-2020-report-100-years-pay-equality">World Economic Forum Gender Gap Report</a>, it will take 257 years to eliminate the prevailing gender gap in the workforce, globally. India ranks 112th in the Global Gender Gap Index in 2020. Therefore, the universities are now striving to achieve something that has been taken for granted for long — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/iits-and-nits-will-now-be-ranked-on-how-many-women-they-educate-and-employ/articleshow/73296855.cms">gender parity</a>. In January 2020, the ministry of science and technology said that it will now rank institutions — on gender equality, <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/top-institutes-will-now-be-graded-on-gender-equality/articleshow/73283922.cms">according to </a>the Times of India report. And these ranks will be for those offering STEM courses. As many as 20 Indian institutions — including Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and National Institutes of Science (NITs) — have joined hands to facilitate it. The government aims to rope in over 90 institutions as a part of the new grading system. “This will definitely give a much needed thrust to the inclusion of women in academia. However a key challenge will be to define the terms of how institutions will effectively measure gender equality. They should not merely execute gender equality on paper, rather it should ensure inclusion in education and employment,” Neeti Sharma, VP, TeamLease Services told Business Insider. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/iits-and-nits-will-now-be-ranked-on-how-many-women-they-educate-and-employ/articleshow/73296855.cms">IITs and NITs will now be ranked on how many women they educate and employ</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/tech-mahindra-wipro-and-dr-reddys-labs-on-bloomberg-gender-equality-index/articleshow/73515898.cms">Tech Mahindra, Wipro and Dr Reddy’s Labs — only 3 Indian companies made it to Bloomberg Gender Equality Index</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-it-sector-has-nearly-three-times-more-males-in-the-workforce-than-females-report/articleshow/69858324.cms">India’s IT sector has nearly three times more males than females: Report</a>

India tops the world in producing female graduates in STEM but ranks 19th in employing them

<ul class="summary-list"><li>McDonald's India released an ad last Monday to promote its $2 McVeggie meals.</li><li>The ad depicts a man gaining interest in a female cashier at McDonald's while getting food.</li></ul>A recent ad by McDonald's India has sparked outrage online, with social-media users accusing the company of objectifying female employees and promoting workplace harassment.The ad was released on June 5 on <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKPFR29grws" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> and showed a man gaining interest in a female cashier while ordering a McVeggie.In the video, the man heads to the end of the line after finishing his meal. A male employee then gestures for him to step up to the empty counter, although he turns down the offer, hoping to interact with the female cashier again."Sometimes, the greatest love stories start with the tiniest things — a glance, a smile, a meal," the ad for the $2 McVeggie meal read.The ad and its slogan, "Date sort of… @ Rs 179," has infuriated the internet."This is outrageous and disgusting beyond words," one Twitter user <a href="https://twitter.com/akshay_sethii/status/1666514619819778048?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote</a>, accusing McDonald's India of "objectifying your female staff for profit by suggesting your customers can flirt and find a date here.""Apparently young female staffers are part of McDonald's India's product offering," another user <a href="https://twitter.com/lizzcoll/status/1667181964657393679?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tweeted</a>.Others also said that the ad might worsen the harassment female employees face at work."Disgusting and against dignity of labour. Womenfolk who work in customer service roles already face such harassment," one user <a href="https://twitter.com/divya_sharmaMD/status/1666647304777113600?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">tweeted</a>."This sends a wrong precedence to a society who already see gig workers as a low life individuals who could be exploited. I have seen guys flirting with servers to flight attendants and this ad will give affirmation to their actions," another user <a href="https://twitter.com/psych0_Math/status/1666462164289470464?s=20" target="_blank" rel="noopener">wrote</a>.This is not the first ad in India that's been accused of having misogynistic undertones.Last year, a now-withdrawn campaign by the perfume brand Layer'r Shot was accused of promoting rape culture, per <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/social-media-platforms-to-take-down-layerr-body-spray-ad-with-rape-joke-probe-on-101654333693701.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Hindustan Times</a>. Another series of ads by the liquor brand Imperial Blue has also received criticism for its "men will be men" slogan and sexist jokes, per <a href="https://theprint.in/feature/imperial-blue-walking-a-tightrope-between-offensive-vs-tongue-in-cheek-humour/1365517/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Print</a>, an online-media platform in India.In his independence day speech last year, <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-62545649" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Prime Minister Narendra Modi called on Indians to fight misogyny</a>: "For some reason, a distortion has crept into our conduct, our behavior, our words, so at times we insult women. Can we take a pledge to stop this behavior?"

A McDonald's ad in India showing a man flirting with a female cashier has sparked outrage online: 'This is outrageous and disgusting beyond words'

New Delhi, In a bid to encourage more women in the workforce, the Economic Survey for 2020-21 has suggested support for female workers in terms of child care facilities, family-friendly work environment along with equality in salary and career progression. The survey tabled by the <keyword id="25455" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="finance">Finance</keyword> Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in the <keyword id="6354721" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="parliament">Parliament</keyword> on Friday, said that in order to incentivise more women to join into the labour force, investment in institutional support to affordable and quality child care facilities, paid paternal leave, family-friendly work environment, and support for elderly care needs to be made. "There is also a need to promote non-discriminatory practices at the workplace like pay and career progression, improve work incentives, including other medical and social security benefits for female workers," it said. The document said that the labour force participation rate (LFPR) of females in the productive age (15-59 years) was 26.5 per cent in 2018-19, as compared to 80.3 per cent for males (rural and urban). While 54.7 per cent of urban women were employed in the regular wage/salaried category, about 59.6 per cent of rural females were not only self-employed but 37.9 per cent among them were helpers in household enterprises. The low female LFPR is attributed to high participation of women (15 years and above) in domestic duties, that is 55.7 per cent in rural areas and 59.1 per cent in urban areas in 2018-19.

Economic Survey suggests incentives, equal pay for female employees

<ul><li>Indian states including Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have suspended several <keyword id="176311" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="labour-laws">labour laws</keyword> including <keyword id="85252" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Minimum-wages">minimum wages</keyword>. </li><li>However, the idea does not resonate well with the experts. </li><li>It will only exacerbate the conditions of low wage workers and the way we do business and industry,” said <keyword id="6419840" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Azim-Premji">Azim Premji</keyword>, the founder of Wipro. </li><li>In fact, this might push more women out of the workforce — which will further drop the Female Labour Force Participation in the country. </li></ul>Indian states including Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh have suspended several labour laws including minimum wages. Of these, at least 10 states introduced amendments to the Factories Act — increasing the daily working hours from 8 to 12 hours. The <keyword id="176732" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="State-governments">state governments</keyword> said that diluting these laws will attract more foreign direct investments as well as local investments post COVID crisis. However, the idea does not resonate well with the experts. “It was shocking to hear that various state governments, encouraged by businesses, are considering suspending — or have already suspended — many of the labour laws that protect workers. It will only exacerbate the conditions of low wage workers and the way we do business and industry,” <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-16/billionaire-defends-workers-rights-as-indian-states-dilute-laws?utm_source=dlvr.it&amp;utm_medium=twitter">said</a> Azim Premji, business tycoon and the founder of Wipro. “The migrant workers we find fending for themselves and their families have almost no social security and too little — not too much — <keyword id="9244630" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="worker-protection">worker protection</keyword>,” he added. After a notice from the Allahabad High Court on hearing a plea from the UP Workers Front, the UP government also pulled back the order to increase the daily working hours. However, this makes no change to the key labour laws that have been suspended for three years. <div type="image" title="workers" msid="75818115" hostid="261"></div> According to <keyword id="118657" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gurcharan-Das">Gurcharan Das</keyword>, a renowned author and the former CEO of Procter and Gamble India, and <keyword id="55796" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kiran-Mazumdar-Shaw">Kiran Mazumdar Shaw</keyword>, Executive Chairperson of Biocon, the country needs a model that protects workers — that can help the workers with some protection when they lose their job — before doing away with the labour laws. There is a need for creating an unemployment Welfare Fund for labour that is funded by the employers and government,” Shaw said in a tweet. <div type="twitter" handle="kiranshaw" handlename="Kiran Mazumdar Shaw" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/815537398444654592/o67mUQoz_normal.jpg" favoritecount="2987" retweetcount="758" status="Has the stimulus package missed an opportunity to provide a minimum basic income for the vulnerable informal labour… https://t.co/S2DgSCX9C5" createdat="1589684640000" id="1261854957050814465"></div> <div type="twitter" handle="kiranshaw" handlename="Kiran Mazumdar Shaw" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/815537398444654592/o67mUQoz_normal.jpg" favoritecount="177" retweetcount="40" status="India’s ‘labour reforms’ need these three safety nets⁠— or else the people will be exposed to exploitation | Busine… https://t.co/wB95q7UVhA" createdat="1589685220000" id="1261857390946734080"></div> Impact on female workforce In fact, on the gender employability front, this might push more women out of the workforce — which will further drop the Female Labour Force Participation in the country — which has already been falling for two decades. “Be it agriculture or manufacturing, there is already a decline in women’s participation. Women are employed in textiles or food processing, services, hospitality, which will take longer to revive. Only as domestic workers, their work might not see a decline. But even there, their wages will have to co-relate with middle-class household incomes as many households will make cuts or reduce their work to only physically-intensive tasks such as cleaning,” Neetha N, director of the Centre for Women’s Development Studies <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/women-to-bear-brunt-of-new-labour-laws-experts/articleshow/75794353.cms">told</a> ET. 44 labour laws to be compressed Meanwhile, the government of India is set to introduce several initiatives for the welfare of workers including universalization of minimum wages, implementing national floor wage to eliminate the regional disparity in wages and more. The Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman recently announced that 44 labour laws have been compressed into four codes, awaiting the approval of the Parliament and the Standing Committees. “Such an extreme measure may actually drive a shift in the workforce from the formal to the informal sector. If different states engage in regulatory competition, this could put pressure on systemic wages, hurting both the revenue and mark-ups of staffing companies,” according to a staffing report by Motilal Oswal Group, a financial services company. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/indian-women-dont-like-being-gig-workers/articleshow/75757460.cms">Indian women don’t like being gig workers ⁠— the potentially $455 billion industry has to woo them with fair pay to start with</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/from-minimum-wages-for-all-to-social-security-for-gig-workers-these-are-the-broad-outlines-of-upcoming-labour-reforms-in-india/articleshow/75733790.cms">From minimum wages for all to social security for gig workers ⁠— these are the broad outlines of upcoming ‘labour reforms’ in India</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/indias-top-lawyer-harish-salve-says-this-may-not-be-right-time-for-labour-reforms/articleshow/75528999.cms">India's top lawyer Harish Salve says this may not be right time for labour reforms</a>

You Searched For "female labour" and got 9 results

Self-employed males earn 2.5 times more than females: Oxfam

PTI

Indian women don’t like being gig workers ⁠— the potentially $455 billion industry has to woo them with fair pay to start with

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Accenture, TCS and other top tech giants that extend adoption leaves to its female employees

Prerna Sindwani

India's urban unemployment rate dips to 7.6% in the April-June quarter

IANS

Fewer jobs for better educated: India’s unemployment rate stands at 13.2% among the highly educated segment

BI India Bureau

India tops the world in producing female graduates in STEM but ranks 19th in employing them

Prerna Sindwani

A McDonald's ad in India showing a man flirting with a female cashier has sparked outrage online: 'This is outrageous and disgusting beyond words'

Reena Koh

Economic Survey suggests incentives, equal pay for female employees

IANS

Billionaires Azim Premji and Kiran Mazumdar Shaw argue against the labour ‘reforms’ in Indian states⁠— and they are not alone

Prerna Sindwani

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