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<br /><ul><li>The first target of the mechanism to defend the Earth against asteroids now has an official name — Dimorphos. <br /></li><li>Didymos’ smaller binary companion will be the first celestial body to have “substantially changed as a result of human intervention. ”<br /></li><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Double Asteroid Impact Test (DART) will collide with Dimorphos at 6.6 kilometers per second to change its trajectory.</li></ul>In Earth’s endeavour to defend itself against asteroid impacts, the first target Asteroid Impact Deflection Assessment (AIDA) <keyword id="9636614" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="planetary-defence-mission">planetary defence mission</keyword> has been dubbed Dimorphos by the International Astronomical Union (<a href="https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau2007/">IAU</a>).<br /><br /><div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="70956700" title="NASA and the European Space Agency are meeting to defend the Earth against asteroids" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><br />In the past, it has held many titles from Didymoon to S/2003 (65803) — it’s provisional designation — but it did not have an official name. It was only when it was chosen as the ideal candidate to test Earth’s outer space defences did the question of a permanent designation come into play.<br /><br />The primary reason for the official designation was so that it will be easier to distinguish Dimorphos from its primary companion — Didymos. “As the target of the DART and Hera space missions, it will become the first celestial body in cosmic history whose form was substantially changed as a result of human intervention,” <a href="https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau2007/">said the proposal</a> sent to IAU.<br /><br /><strong>Knocking an asteroid off its course<br /></strong>The two-part mission involves the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Double Asteroid Impact Test (DART) to collide with Dimorphos followed by the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Hera satellite which will go in to assess the impact.<br /><br />DART is meant to knock the asteroid off its course to determine if the mechanism can work to change the route of an asteroid that might be headed directly for Earth. It will travel at a speed of 6.6 kilometers per second to break the space rock into smaller pieces with help from its onboard camera — DRACO — and autonomous navigation software.<br /><br />An Italian CubeSat, LICIACube, will be flying alongside DART to record the impact and send the data back to the on-ground team. It’s set to launch one year from now in July 2021 and will take another year to reach its target. <br /><br />ESA’s space probe will follow in 2024. The aim of analysing the asteroid after the impact is to figure out if the planetary defence mechanism can be made more efficient. <br /><br /><strong>Dimorphos will not hit Earth<br /></strong>The primary asteroid, Didymos, or its binary companion and target, Dimorphos, don’t pose any threat of actually hitting Earth. <br /><br /><div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="70893317" title="For an asteroid to wipe out humans, it has to be bigger than the one that killed the dinosaurs" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><br />The reason it has been chosen as the first target is that it’s the most easily reachable asteroid system that is big enough. The primary body has a diameter of 780 meters and Dimorphos is around 160 meters in diameter — around the same size as the Great Pyramid in Egypt.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/pictures-of-comet-neowise-in-swiss-alps-stonehenge-and-other-parts-of-the-world/slidelist/77034838.cms">IN PICS: Comet NEOWISE spotted blazing from the Stonehenge to the Swiss Alps, in skies all over the world</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-gets-35-million-to-make-sure-asteroids-dont-destroy-earth/articleshow/72996562.cms">NASA gets $35 million to make sure asteroids don't destroy Earth</a><br /><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-and-elon-musks-spacex-plan-to-send-up-four-more-astronauts-to-the-iss-in-september/articleshow/77122857.cms"><strong>NASA and Elon Musk's SpaceX plan to send up four more astronauts to the ISS in September</strong></a><br />

NASA and Europe’s first target to keep an asteroid from hitting Earth has officially been dubbed Dimorphos

<br /><ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the European Space Agency (ESA) are meeting in Rome next week to discuss their plan for <keyword id="8055800" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="planetary-defence">planetary defence</keyword> against asteroids.</li><li>The two-part mission dubbed <keyword id="3084215" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Asteroid-impact">Asteroid Impact</keyword> Deflection Assessment (AIDA) plans to collide with asteroid Didymoon — the smaller of the Didymos’ binary system.</li><li>NASA is in charge of conducting the actually impact while ESA will analyse the aftermath.</li></ul>Hundreds of asteroids are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/two-asteroids-bigger-than-the-japan-tsunamis-are-coming-eerily-close-to-earth-today/articleshow/70870605.cms">whizzing past Earth</a>. Thanks to satellites and telescopes watching the skies, we know more about them than ever before — including the threats they pose.<br /><br />To counter incoming asteroids, the European Space Agency (<a href="https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Safety/Hera/Europe_and_US_teaming_up_for_asteroid_deflection">ESA</a>) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are teaming up to deflect an asteroid as proof-of-concept for planetary defense.<br /><br />They’re going to double tag the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/another-pair-of-asteroids-is-going-to-whiz-past-earth-on-14-september-bigger-faster-but-further-away/articleshow/70873664.cms">dual asteroids</a> dubbed Didymoon and Didymos. The aim is to knock out the smaller asteroid — Didymoon — and then analyse the crash site.<br /><br />
  <div type="image" title="didymoon_edited" msid="70957190" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Simulated image of the Didymos system, derived from photometric lightcurve and radar data. The primary body is about 780 meters in diameter and the moonlet is approximately 160 meters in size. They are separated by just over a kilometer.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />ESA, NASA and other researchers from around the world are meeting up in Rome next week to check in on their progress for the mission dubbed Asteroid Impact Deflection Assessment (AIDA).<br /><br /><strong>NASA is going to collide with the asteroid<br /></strong><br />AIDA has two parts to it that are divided between the ESA and NASA.<br /><br />The American space agency will be using their Double Asteroid Impact Test (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/for-an-asteroid-to-wipe-out-humans-it-has-to-be-bigger-than-the-one-that-killed-the-dinosaurs/articleshow/70893317.cms">DART</a>) spacecraft to collide with the Didymoon asteroid. <br /><br />
  <div type="image" title="asteroid plan_edited" msid="70957201" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;DART plan to collide with Didymoon&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />DART will travel at a speed of 6.6 kilometers per second to break the space rock into smaller pieces with help from its onboard camera — DRACO — and autonomous navigation software.<br /><br />An Italian CubeSat, LICIACube, will be flying alongside DART to record the impact and send the data back to the on-ground team.<br /><br /><strong>ESA will analyse the asteroid impact<br /></strong><br />ESA will then tag in to analyse the asteroid post-impact to get more details on the asteroid's new size and the resulting impact crater.<br /><br />
  
  <div type="Youtube" id="8PIwxKma1tw" title="Hera: Our planetary defence mission" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8PIwxKma1tw/mqdefault.jpg"></div>



<br />ESA is calling its part in the mission ‘Hera’, which is also be accompanied CubeSats for a closeup survey of the asteroid impact’s aftermath. This will be the first time that an asteroid will be subject to a radar probe.<br /><br />
	
  <div type="image" title="hera_edited" msid="70957224" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Representative image of Hera analysing impact&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />The aim of analysing the asteroid after the impact to figure out if the planetary defence mechanism can be made more efficient. <br /><br /><strong>DART can do it alone, but it’s better with Hera<br /></strong><br />"DART can perform its mission without Hera – the effect of its impact on the asteroid’s orbit will be measurable using Earth ground-based observatories alone," explains Ian Carnelli, managing Hera for ESA.<br /><br />
	
  <div type="image" title="hera2_edited" msid="70957258" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Representative image of Hera approaching Didymoon&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />"But flying the two missions together will greatly magnify their overall knowledge return. Hera will in fact gather essential data to turn this one-off experiment into an asteroid deflection technique applicable to other asteroids," Carnelli explains.<br /><br /><strong>It’s going to take more than a year to reach the Didymoon<br /></strong><br />The launch window for the NASA’s DART spacecraft to launch will begin in late July 2021. NASA is planning to launch from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California abroad SpaceX’s Falcon 9.<br /><br />
	
  <div type="image" title="aida impact_edited" msid="70957314" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Representative image of how AIDA impact will be seen&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />The plan is for DART to reach the Didymoon in September 2022 when the binary asteroids will be around 11 million kilometers from Earth.<br /><br />The AIDA workshop next week will share progress on the DART spacecraft and collate information on the targeted asteroids that will fly by Earth on 7 October 2022.<br /><br /><strong>See also:<br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/elon-musk-says-we-have-no-defence-against-asteroid-god-of-chaos/articleshow/70748251.cms">Elon Musk says we have no defence against asteroid ‘God of Chaos'</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/an-asteroid-nearly-half-the-size-of-mount-everest-might-be-on-a-collision-course-for-earth-in-less-than-a-year/articleshow/70698774.cms">An asteroid nearly half the size of Mount Everest might be on a collision course for Earth in less than a year</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-last-major-asteroid-to-hit-earth-destroyed-500-square-kilometers-and-it-could-have-been-much-worse/articleshow/70782507.cms">The last major asteroid to hit Earth destroyed 500 square kilometers — and it could have been much worse</a><br />

NASA and the European Space Agency are meeting to defend the Earth against asteroids

<ul class="summary-list"><li>SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets will be used in two launches by the European Space Agency.</li><li>The ESA previously used Russian rockets, but has cut ties since the invasion of Ukraine.</li></ul><p>Elon Musk's SpaceX will launch two rockets for the European Space Agency after the Ukraine conflict led to the organization severing ties with Russia.</p><p>The ESA's director general, Josef Aschbacher, confirmed on Thursday that it will use SpaceX's Falcon 9 rockets to launch two spacecraft, Euclid and Hera, in 2023 and 2024 respectively, per <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/spacex-hired-two-european-launches-fill-gap-left-by-russia-2022-10-20/">Reuters</a>.</p><p>The Euclid space telescope — which hopes to allow humans to better understand dark matter, and will orbit near NASA's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/webbs-pillars-creation-snap-shows-glittering-view-hubble-cant-see-2022-10">James Webb telescope</a> — was supposed to launch this year from Europe's spaceport in French Guiana. </p><p>But after the ESA cut ties with Russia in February, Moscow's space program Roscosmos withdrew its employees from the project, causing a major headache for the ESA.</p><p>"In response to EU sanctions against our enterprises, Roscosmos is suspending cooperation with European partners in organizing space launches," it announced at the time.</p><p>Hera, planned to launch in 2024, will examine the aftermath of NASA's DART mission, which succeeded in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-confirms-dart-probe-crash-moved-asteroid-2022-10">deflecting an asteroid off course</a> last month. </p><p>While the ESA has its own Ariane 5 rocket for heavy payloads, it has previously depended on Russia's Soyuz system for medium-sized launches such as Hera and Euclid. However, with Roscosmos withdrawing its cooperation, the space agency was forced to look elsewhere.</p><p>Delays to the next-generation Ariane 6 – which was planned to compete with SpaceX and maintain Europe's independence in space  – have also constricted the ESA's plans. </p><p>Reuters <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/exclusive-europe-eyes-spacex-fill-launch-void-left-by-russian-tensions-2022-08-12/">reported in August</a> that discussions had begun with SpaceX, but said at the time Japanese and Indian rockets were also being considered.</p><p>Aschbacher told Reuters: "We of course need to make sure that they are suitable. It's not like jumping on a bus."</p><p>In a <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/7d561078-37c7-4902-a094-637b81a26241">Financial Times interview</a> last year, Aschbacher warned that Europe and the rest of the world was not responding quick enough to the progress being made by the likes of SpaceX, adding that Musk was "making the rules" in space. </p><p>The ESA's choice of SpaceX rockets comes soon after a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/s?q=starlink#:~:text=Hours%20after%20being%20blasted%20for%20parroting%20Putin%27s%20propaganda%2C%20Elon%20Musk%20says%20he%20is%20%27obviously%27%20pro%2DUkraine%20and%20says%20SpaceX%20has%20spent%20%2480%20million%20on%20Starlink%20in%20the%20country">payment dispute</a> over Musk's Starlink service in Ukraine, which has provided key internet access during the war while normal infrastructure has been offline.</p><p>CNN reported last week that the billionaire had asked the Pentagon to pick up the bill for Starlink, with the bill already surpassing $200 million. Musk has since said he has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-starlink-ukraine-pentagon-withdrawn-funding-request-2022-10">withdrawn the request</a>.</p><p>Russian sanctions have also delayed a previously-joint mission to look for signs of life on Mars, initially scheduled for a September launch but now postponed to 2028.</p><p>SpaceX did not immediately respond to a request for comment from Insider on the ESA's use of Falcon 9 rockets.</p>

Europe's space agency is turning to Elon Musk's SpaceX after anti-Russian sanctions left it scrambling for rockets

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>NASA/JPL-Caltech</span></p><p class="caption">An artist's concept of the Juno spacecraft.</p></div><p></p></div></div>On July 4, late in the evening, NASA's Juno spacecraft finally reached Jupiter, five years after the probe left Earth.</p><p>"Juno, welcome to Jupiter," a voice announced at NASA, as the room of engineers and astronomers broke out into cheers and applause.</p><p><span>The solar-powered spacecraft, roughly the size of a basketball court,</span> overcame the extraordinary challenges of its long journey and inhospitable destination to successfully enter a 53-day orbit of the gas giant <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/juno/facts/">540 million miles</a> from home.</p><p>Its mission: uncover the secrets lurking under Jupiter's clouds.</p><p>Could our solar system's largest planet be hiding a solid metal core? Significant amounts of water? The keys to understanding the origins of our solar system, Earth, and the ingredients needed for life itself? Scientists think these are all serious possibilities.</p><p>To get close enough to Jupiter to get the answers, Juno first had to make it through massive belts of radiation and storms of charged particles. It also had to slow down quickly and precisely enough to hook into Jupiter's orbit rather than careening right past it, as Nadia Drake <a href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/07/nasa-juno-mission-jupiter-arrives-orbit-planets-space/">explained at National Geographic</a>.</p><p>It also <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/05/science/juno-nasa-jupiter-what-to-expect.html?_r=0">had to avoid</a> engine failure, computer failure, and tiny particles of dust that could throw its equipment off completely. And then it had to flip around back toward the sun, so it could collect enough solar energy to continue its mission.</p><p>The danger is not yet over. Over the course of its 20-month mission, Juno will be exposed to unpredictable storms, high pressure, and the amount of radiation in <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-s-juno-spacecraft-to-risk-jupiter-s-fireworks-for-science">100 million dental X-rays</a>.</p><p>But if Juno lives up to expectations, it will totally change our view of the solar system.</p><p>While probes <a href="http://www.space.com/33285-juno-history-of-jupiter-probes.html">have passed near Jupiter before</a>, this mission will get closer than ever before, giving us our best chance to peer beneath its thick, stormy atmosphere - and understand what lies beneath. (Juno is in fact named for a Greek goddess, also known as Hera, who could <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/overview/">see through clouds</a>.)</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA20706">NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS</a></span></p><p class="caption">The final view captured by Juno before its non-essential instruments powered down to prepare to enter Jupiter's orbit. It was still 3.3 million miles away from its destination.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Juno looks like a <a href="https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/spacecraft/juno-spacecraft">three-pronged propeller</a>, thanks to the unfurled solar panels that are powering it. The propeller spins <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/spacecraft/index.html">three times every minute</a>.</p><p>While it orbits Jupiter, it will keep the propeller's edge toward the planet, like someone doing a string of cartwheels. The whole system makes Juno more stable, keeps the solar panels in the sun's path, and lets all the instruments on board take turns to get a good look at Jupiter.</p><p>About those solar panels: this is the <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/spacecraft/index.html">farthest away from the sun</a> that NASA has ever been able to send a solar-powered spacecraft. (The New Horizons spacecraft currently studying Pluto, for example, runs on <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/rps/newhorizons.cfm">plutonium</a>.)</p><p>Juno's path around Jupiter was <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/juno/spacecraft/index.html">carefully calculated</a> to keep it safe from the worst of the planet's very strong radiation. Still, it's a bit of an experiment in understanding how to protect instruments from damaging radiation, something we'll need to get better at the more we want to leave Earth. Engineers <a href="https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/spacecraft/juno-spacecraft">designed from scratch</a> a vault to protect the computers and other instruments on board.</p><p>It wouldn't be a NASA mission without the promise of beautiful images. Nicknamed <a href="https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/spacecraft/juno-spacecraft">Juno Cam</a>, the spacecraft's camera will photograph the tops of the clouds masking the planet. But the radiation will get to Juno Cam pretty quickly - scientists only expect it to last for seven of the spacecraft's 32 planned orbits of Jupiter.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2007/jupiter/">X-ray: NASA/CXC/SwRI/R.Gladstone et al.; Optical: NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage (AURA/STScI)</a></span></p><p class="caption">Jupiter's auroras, shown here in purple as seen by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory superimposed on a Hubble Space Telescope portrait of the planet.</p></div><p></p></div></div>One of the instruments on Juno, called <a href="https://www.missionjuno.swri.edu/spacecraft/juno-spacecraft">JADE</a> (short for Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment) will be studying Jupiter's huge polar auroras, which can stretch up to tens of thousands of kilometers.</p><p>JADE, with the help of a few other instruments, will tally up how many electrons and charged particles (and what kind) are creating the auroras. That should help scientists understand what causes them.</p><p>Meanwhile, instruments tracking the planet's gravity are what will help scientists <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/juno/science/">determine whether</a> Jupiter is all gas or has a solid core buried down there.</p><p>That answer, plus how much water Juno finds in the planet's atmosphere, will help scientists figure out if any one of their <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/juno/science/">theories on how the planet formed</a> is actually correct.</p><p>Because Jupiter is so huge (more than twice as large as all the solar system's other planets combined), its gravity was strong enough to keep everything that was around when the planet formed, unlike smaller planets which lost lightweight gases. That means Jupiter is a bit like a time capsule that lets us see back to what our neck of the woods was like when the solar system first formed.</p><p>When Juno is <a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/press_kits/juno/overview/">done with its mission</a>, it will dive towards the center of Jupiter and be destroyed by the planet's atmosphere. But it has a lot of work to do before then. It's not sending any scientific data back yet (its observation equipment was powered down so it could use all its energy to just get into the planet's orbit), but July 4 marked a critical first step.</p><p>In due time, Juno's principal investigator Scott Bolton <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/#public">promised</a>, "We will have spectacular discoveries." For now, he congratulated his team on "the hardest thing NASA's ever done - or at least, that's what I say."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-terrifying-juno-mission-jupiter-2016-6">NASA's video about its next mission will give you chills</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Z3bGk3NDE6U6vM-9Sofo09HtO5339RLY" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

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NASA and Europe’s first target to keep an asteroid from hitting Earth has officially been dubbed Dimorphos

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NASA and the European Space Agency are meeting to defend the Earth against asteroids

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Europe's space agency is turning to Elon Musk's SpaceX after anti-Russian sanctions left it scrambling for rockets

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NASA just overcame incredible odds to reach Jupiter - and begin to reveal its secrets

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