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<ul class="summary-list"><li>This year's full harvest moon is also a supermoon, and it's rising early Tuesday evening.</li><li>There will also be the last partial lunar eclipse of the year later, Tuesday evening. </li></ul><p>There are a couple of reasons to check out the upcoming <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/full-moon-names-meaning-origin-lunar-calendar-2023">harvest moon</a>. First, it's a supermoon, meaning it will appear slightly bigger and brighter in the night sky than a typical full moon.</p><p>Second, it coincides with the last <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/see-strawberry-moon-partial-lunar-eclipse-friday-2020-6">partial lunar eclipse</a> of the year. So, depending on your location, you'll be able to see Earth's shadow sweep across a small part of the harvest moon when it rises Tuesday evening.</p><h2 id="b9f7bcc6-7b06-48e3-a8b1-8f8194454618"><strong>The best time to watch the super harvest moon and partial lunar eclipse</strong></h2><p>The <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/september-harvest-moon-last-supermoon-when-best-time-to-see-2023-9">harvest moon is the full moon</a> that occurs nearest to the first day of autumn. It typically rises in the early evening around sunset, which meant farmers could finish harvesting their fall crops by its bright moonlight, hence the name.</p><p>This year, the harvest moon will officially be at its fullest on September 17 at 10:35 p.m. ET, according to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/skywatching/the-next-full-moon-is-a-partial-lunar-eclipse-a-supermoon-the-corn-moon-and-the-harvest-moon/">NASA</a>. But the harvest moon will appear full for about three days from Monday evening through Thursday morning, NASA adds. </p><p>The best time to catch any full moon, including the harvest moon, is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/super-blood-moon-lunar-eclipse-photos-2021-5#countries-in-the-asian-pacific-rim-including-china-and-indonesia-saw-the-eclipse-just-after-moonrise-2">right around moonrise</a>. </p><div type="image" title="harvest moon" height="1648" width="2200" msid="113372044" hostid="261" sizebytes="69298"></div><p>That's because the moon looks larger and adopts a yellow-orangish hue when it's close to the horizon. No one knows why this illusion occurs, <a target="_blank" href="https://science.nasa.gov/solar-system/moon/the-moon-illusion-why-does-the-moon-look-so-big-sometimes/">according to NASA</a>, but it makes for some spectacular moon gazing and photos.</p><p>The moon will rise over the east horizon around 7 p.m. local time on Tuesday for most of the contiguous US, but check <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/moon/">TimeandDate</a> for exactly when moonrise is in your area. Here's when the full harvest moon will rise Tuesday in the five largest US cities:</p><table style="minWidth: 50px"></colgroup></colgroup><tbody><tr><td>City</td><td>Moonrise (local time)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">New York City</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6:58 p.m.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Los Angeles</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6:55 p.m.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Chicago</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6:54 p.m.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Houston</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">7:20 p.m.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Phoenix</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">6:30 p.m.</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Also happening Tuesday evening is a partial lunar eclipse. The eclipse will start at 8:41 p.m. ET, according to NASA, but you likely won't see anything happen until closer to the eclipse's peak at 10:44 p.m. ET, when the maximum area of the moon's surface will be in shadow.</p><p>A partial lunar eclipse is when <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-lunar-eclipses-work-earth-moon-red-shadow-2018-7">Earth passes between the sun and moon</a>, casting its shadow across a certain percentage of the lunar surface. The more the Earth, sun, and moon are aligned, the greater portion of the moon the Earth eclipses.</p><div type="image" title="A lunar eclipse with a statue in front" height="683" width="1024" msid="113372045" hostid="261" sizebytes="15568"></div><p>For this particular eclipse, about 8.4% of the moon will be immersed in shadow, per NASA. So, at the time of the eclipse's peak, you should be able to notice that a small sliver looks like it's missing from the top of the moon.</p><p>"The only impact the eclipse has on seeing the moon is that part of the moon will be dimmer than the part that is outside of the shadow of the Earth," <span>Noah Petro, a research scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, told BI over email.</span></p><p>Tuesday's partial eclipse is the last lunar eclipse of the year. The next lunar eclipse will be a total eclipse on March 14, 2025.</p><p>Just about everyone worldwide can enjoy the upcoming supermoon but only regions of North America, South America, Europe, and Africa will have a chance to see the lunar eclipse. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/eclipse/lunar/2024-september-18">TimeandDate</a> has a map showing which portions of the globe will get the best eclipse show.</p><h2 id="4678bbea-bf93-41a2-9445-1b83e47703af">The harvest moon is the second supermoon of 2024</h2><div type="image" title="red harvest moon rising over eastern horizon with a city in front of it" height="681" width="1024" msid="113372043" hostid="261" sizebytes="13854"></div><p>This year's harvest moon is the second in a series of four consecutive supermoons, according to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://earthsky.org/astronomy-essentials/what-is-a-supermoon/">EarthSky.</a></p><p>Supermoons occur when a full (or new) moon coincides with perigee — the point in the moon's orbit when it's closest to Earth.</p><p>But that distance isn't always the same value because the moon's orbit is elliptical, not perfectly circular. Therefore, supermoons vary in how much larger and brighter they may look.</p><p>In general, though, supermoons appear about 7% larger and 15% brighter than a typical full moon, Larry Wasserman, an astronomer at Lowell Observatory in Arizona, told Business Insider via email.</p><div type="image" title="supermoon rises over a city at night" height="682" width="1024" msid="113372048" hostid="261" sizebytes="45990"></div><p>This year's harvest moon will be about 222,131 miles from Earth at perigee. To compare, the closest supermoon so far this century, in November 2016, was at a distance of 221,524 miles, according to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://earthsky.org/sky-archive/closest-supermoon-since-1948/">EarthSky</a>.</p><p>The next two full moons, on October 17 and November 15, will also be supermoons. In particular, October's full moon — called the Hunter's moon — will be the largest supermoon of the year.</p>

The 2024 harvest moon is the 2nd supermoon and last lunar eclipse this year. Here's the best time to see it when it rises Tuesday.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>SpaceX's Polaris Dawn crew has returned to Earth.</li><li><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-plan-colonize-mars-plan-unrealistic-scientists-explain-2023-10">Elon Musk's dreams of building a city on Mars</a> got a major boost from the Polaris Dawn mission.</li></ul><p><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/polaris-dawn-crew-spacex-commercial-astronauts-first-private-spacewalk-2024-9">SpaceX's Polaris Dawn crew</a> successfully returned to Earth on Sunday, bringing Elon Musk one step closer to his dream of settling Mars.</p><p>The five-day mission saw the four commercial astronauts complete a list of historic firsts: They traveled further than anyone has gone in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/moon-missions-why-astronauts-have-not-returned-2018-7">more than 50 years, since the last Apollo missions</a>. The two female crew members, in particular, set the record for the farthest any woman has traveled in space.</p><p>They donned new SpaceX spacesuits that had never been tested in orbit, opened their ship to the vacuum of space, and conducted the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/polaris-dawn-spacewalk-watch-live-spacex-crew-dragon-commercial-astronauts-2024-9">first-ever commercial spacewalk</a>.</p><p>On top of that, they exposed themselves to high levels of space radiation, much higher than what astronauts aboard the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photo-international-space-station-hidden-passing-sun-2023-4">International Space Station</a> undergo in the same time period. And they endured a fiery plummet back to Earth.</p><p>It was all in the name of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-invest-mars-pulsed-plasma-rocket-shorten-space-time-travel-2024-7">paving the way to Mars</a>.</p><div type="image" title="Polaris Dawn landing." height="1604" width="2852" msid="113365917" hostid="261" sizebytes="221754"></div><p>If you ask <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jared-isaacman-net-worth-career-spacex-polaris-dawn-2024-8">Jared Isaacman</a>, the billionaire who funded and commanded the mission, it was also in the name of raising funds for childhood-cancer research at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.</p><p>As he previously told Business Insider, before his <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-inspiration4-first-space-tourists-return-to-earth-2021-9">first flight with SpaceX</a> in 2021, he wanted to "take care of some of the problems that we have here on Earth, so we earn the right to go and explore among the stars."</p><div type="image" title="jared isaacman spacex crew dragon" height="2560" width="3840" msid="113365923" hostid="261" sizebytes="991006"></div><p>But the technical aspects of the mission — the spacewalk, the spacesuits, the laser Starlink communication, flying through a radiation belt — were critical tests of technologies SpaceX will need in order to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-havent-we-been-to-mars-yet-2024-5">fly humans to the red planet</a>.</p><p>Isaacman's future plans fit the Mars bill, too. He's planning two more Polaris missions and says the third one will ditch Crew Dragon for <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-starship-flight-four-ocean-splashdown-elon-musk-plans-2024-6">Starship</a>. That's the Statue-of-Liberty-sized mega-rocket SpaceX is developing in South Texas for the express purpose of colonizing Mars.</p><h2 id="1637b34d-1546-42ca-a615-916aa98a2919">Mars trailblazers return home</h2><p>As the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-discovers-urine-leak-on-crew-dragon-spaceships-2021-10">Crew Dragon</a> hurtled back toward Earth, plowing through the atmosphere, superheated plasma roared at the edges of its protective heat shield.</p><p>Isaacman had done this before, but it was the first spaceflight for the three other crew members: a former US Air Force pilot named Scott Poteet and two <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/working-for-elon-musk-spacex-workplace-culture-twitter-jim-cantrell-2022-11">SpaceX engineers</a>, Anna Menon and Sarah Gillis.</p><p>They felt a jerk as the spaceship deployed parachutes to drift down into the Gulf of Mexico near Florida's Dry Tortugas. It bobbed in the waves, looking like a toasted marshmallow, until a ship hauled it on board and SpaceX workers helped the crew off.</p><div type="image" title="Screenshot of the crew and spacecraft." height="1800" width="2880" msid="113365930" hostid="261" sizebytes="100324"></div><p>Five days after launch, they had officially completed the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-launch-risky-polaris-dawn-mission-first-commercial-spacewalk-radiation-2024-8">most daring crewed commercial spaceflight yet</a>.</p><h2 id="de02c9b0-79f8-43b9-aa69-40373e49bcd1">Spacewalks and spacesuits for Mars</h2><p>The main event of the mission was its spacewalk.</p><div type="image" title="astronaut in white suit and helmet standing at the open hatch of a spaceship in space holding onto a railing looking out over earth" height="540" width="960" msid="113365926" hostid="261" sizebytes="13622"></div><p>The crew spent 48 hours slowly depressurizing their spacecraft so that they could open the hatch to the vacuum of space, sending Isaacman and Gillis out to gaze over Earth and conduct a few mobility exercises.</p><p>They were testing SpaceX's new extravehicular <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacesuit-design-history-timeline-changes-nasa-2018-3">spacesuits</a>, designed for the purpose of leaving a spacecraft to conduct maintenance or repairs — an ability that future Mars-bound people will need, since the journey takes months.</p><p>"It might be 10 iterations from now and a bunch of evolutions of the suit," but someday someone may even wear a version of these spacesuits "<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-made-oxygen-out-of-thin-air-on-mars-2023-9">walking on Mars</a>," Isaacman said in a prelaunch briefing in August.</p><div type="image" title="four people in spacesuits with their visors up smiling and pointing at a black spacex logo on a spaceship behind them" height="1500" width="2270" msid="113365919" hostid="261" sizebytes="208520"></div><p>"There's going to be an armada of Starships arriving on Mars at some point in the future," he added. "Those people are going to have to be able to get out of it and walk around and do important things."</p><h2 id="175335c0-7c23-487c-a845-a51ae47e64b7">Radiation on the way to Mars</h2><p>Polaris Dawn also tackled another big challenge for crewed Mars missions: extreme radiation exposure. People traveling to Mars would be exposed to immense amounts of space radiation for months.</p><p>So the Crew Dragon spacecraft flew through two donuts of intense radiation surrounding Earth, called the Van Allen belts. The crew conducted tests and measurements to see how it affected their bodies.</p><div type="image" title="spaceship mouth with railings in the foreground with the huge round curvature of Earth dominating the background from a distance beneath the blackness of space" height="713" width="1273" msid="113365933" hostid="261" sizebytes="31010"></div><p>"If we get to Mars someday, we'd love to be able to come back and be healthy enough to tell people about it," Isaacman said in August.</p><p>Other medical experiments on the mission checked their eyes, veins, and airways, to help SpaceX better understand the impacts of long-distance spaceflight.</p><h2 id="2a23b528-e8d9-4a1e-aa8a-c67599b035ad">Communications for Mars</h2><p>Polaris Dawn also tested <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-laser-beam-message-10-million-miles-away-streaming-mars-2023-11">laser-based communications</a> using Starlink, the network of internet satellites that SpaceX has built throughout Earth's orbit.</p><p>The commercial astronauts posted on X mid-mission, saying they'd uploaded their photos there using Starlink internet.</p><p>Those space lasers lay the groundwork for future communications with deep-space missions — that is, as the Polaris website says, "for missions to the moon, Mars and beyond."</p><p>Isaacman seems to be vested in making that happen.</p><p>"I'd certainly like my kids to see humans walking on the moon and Mars and venturing out and exploring our solar system," he said ahead of the launch.</p>

SpaceX's Polaris Dawn crew returns to Earth victorious, making huge gains in Elon Musk's plans to send humans to Mars

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A space rock with a peculiar orbit may be a floating piece of the moon.</li><li>Scientists had thought moon rocks weren't able to stay in orbit after a meteorite blast.</li></ul><p>A chunk of the moon that may have broken away from the lunar surface millions of years ago appears to be orbiting our planet.</p><p>The 'quasi-satellite,' named Kamo`oalewa, has baffled scientists for decades due, in part, to its peculiar orbit.</p><p>The rock, which is between 120 and 300 feet wide, technically orbits the sun every year. But on its travels, it also keeps the Earth company, slowly spiraling around our planet as it barrels through space.</p><p>Now, researchers at the University of Arizona believe they have evidence that it was likely created by an ancient lunar collision.</p><p>The discovery could rewrite what we know about potentially dangerous space rocks and help better protect our planet from a future a impact.</p><h2>Kamoʻoalewa has been Earth's companion for at least a century</h2><p>"This small asteroid is caught in a little dance with Earth," Paul Chodas, a NASA Near-Earth Object scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, previously said in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/small-asteroid-is-earths-constant-companion">a blog post</a>.</p><p>The space rock "has been a stable quasi-satellite of Earth for almost a century, and it will continue to follow this pattern as Earth's companion for centuries to come," he added</p><div type="image" title="An annotated gif shows the asteroid circling the Earth on an elliptical shape as it also circles the sun." height="182" width="364" msid="104758664" hostid="261" sizebytes="2820"></div><p>This mesmerizing orbit, which <a target="_blank" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/small-asteroid-is-earths-constant-companion">poses no threat to Earth</a>, means Kamoʻoalewa qualifies as a rare "quasi-satellite."</p><p>A study in 2021, which analyzed the light bouncing off the rock, found it was made of components that were remarkably similar to the stuff that makes up the moon's surface.</p><p>But physicists tend to think moon objects shouldn't find stable orbits — rocks that have enough energy to escape the moon's pull should be grabbed by Earth's gravity and plummet to their doom, per a<a target="_blank" href="https://news.arizona.edu/story/researchers-probe-how-piece-moon-became-near-earth-asteroid"> press release</a> by the University of Arizona.</p><p>Now, a <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=845af6fe306d8387e5ea220a3668b8a5e473c606792cc5ca83d3ffcd734b5477&amp;postID=653b7eb7d5adb6e8ec7e1a65&amp;postSlug=puzzling-near-earth-asteroid-chunk-moon-dangerous-space-rocks-2023-10&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs43247-021-00303-7">new study</a>, published in the peer-reviewed journal Communications Earth &amp; Environment, seems to have cracked the mystery.</p><p>An advanced computer simulation, taking into account the properties of the sun, the moon, the Earth, and all other planets in the solar system, found that some lucky moon rocks could survive being blasted away from the lunar surface, provided they follow very specific rules.</p><p>Being blasted from the moon at about 1.5 miles per second is one of these rules, lending credence to the idea that this satellite was created by the impact of a meteorite.</p><div type="image" title="An artist illustration show the spray that would be caused by a meteorite hitting the surface of the moon." height="715" width="1140" msid="104758666" hostid="261" sizebytes="55434"></div><h2>The finding could change where we think potentially dangerous space rocks come from</h2><p>Scientists are constantly <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-space-telescope-to-detect-deadly-asteroids-2019-9">monitoring the skies</a> for potentially dangerous space rocks — but they are very aware of their limitations.</p><p>Some of the smaller rocks, for instance, can fly under the radar. Others can be occluded by the sun, which blinds the equipment we use to scan the universe for potential threats.</p><p>So to predict where the rocks may appear, scientists calculate how these rocks move through space from their most likely origin. These are usually thought to be the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter or in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-new-horizons-spacecraft-sends-back-kuiper-belt-images-2018-2">Kuiper belt in the outer solar system</a>.</p><p>"This brings up the need to consider other origin scenarios, in particular, that it may have originated as a lunar fragment from a meteoroid impact on the moon," said study author Jose Daniel Castro-Cisneros, a PhD student at the University of Arizona, <a target="_blank" href="https://astronomycommunity.nature.com/posts/kamo-oalewa-could-be-an-ejected-fragment-of-the-moon">in a blog post</a>.</p><p>Space rocks like these also provide rare snapshots into the past of our solar system.</p><p>Because of its stable orbit around the Earth, it may be worth thinking about sending a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-predicts-exact-date-asteroid-hit-earth-atomic-bomb-bennu-2023-9">mission</a> to Kamoʻoalewa to understand more about our longtime neighbor, said Castro Cisneros.</p>

A mysterious rock orbiting Earth appears to be a chunk of the moon that was blasted away by a meteorite 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>On Thursday and Saturday, two different <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-threat-of-meteor-crashing-into-earth-is-bigger-than-you-think-2019-5">"potentially hazardous" asteroids</a> will fly by Earth.</li><li>The first is as big as a mountain, and the second will be one of the brightest in recent history.</li></ul><p>Two rare <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-visit-psyche-asteroid-worth-more-than-entire-world-economy-2023-10">asteroids</a> will zoom past Earth at close range this week, within just 42 hours of each other.</p><p>Due to their size and trajectory, both of these space rocks are labeled "potentially hazardous." But that doesn't mean they pose an <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/adam-driver-asks-nasa-save-earth-from-world-ending-asteroids-2023-3">immediate threat to Earth</a>.</p><p>In fact, both of them will safely fly by at thousands of miles per hour. There's a zero percent chance that either will collide with our planet, according to the European Space Agency.</p><p>Neither of these asteroids will be visible to the naked eye, but you may be able to spot them with a telescope or binoculars, Gianluca Masi, astrophysicist and founder of The Virtual Telescope Project, told Business Insider over email.</p><p>Or, you can watch them via livestreams hosted by The Virtual Telescope Project:</p><ul><li>Use <a target="_blank" href="https://www.virtualtelescope.eu/webtv/">this link</a> to watch Asteroid (415029) 2011 UL21 streak past Earth on Thursday, June 27, starting at 4:00 p.m. ET.</li><li>And <a target="_blank" href="https://www.virtualtelescope.eu/2024/06/20/potentially-hazardous-asteroid-2024-mk-very-close-encounter-online-observation-29-june-2024/">this link</a> to watch Asteroid 2024 MK fly by on Saturday, June 29, starting at 5:00 p.m. ET.</li></ul><h2 id="f7d4c781-e54b-4539-9212-0b088e744ec7">Mountain-sized Asteroid (415029) 2011 UL21</h2><div type="image" title="ESA infographic about Asteroid (415029) 2011 UL21 and it's close approach on June 27 2024." height="1080" width="1920" msid="111295552" hostid="261"></div><p>Asteroid (415029) 2011 UL21 is one of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/details-from-the-chelyabinsk-meteor-2013-11">largest asteroids</a> to have recently passed near Earth, Masi wrote in a press statement.</p><p>With an estimated diameter of roughly 1.4 miles, this mountain-sized space rock is larger than 99% of all known <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fake-moon-asteroid-orbiting-sun-alongside-earth-astronomers-discover-2023-6">near-Earth objects</a>, according to the European Space Agency.</p><p id="f7d4c781-e54b-4539-9212-0b088e744ec7">Asteroid 2011 UL21 falls into a class of space rocks known as "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-plan-alert-public-world-asteroid-strike-2024-2">planet killers</a>," which are at least 1.2 miles wide. If one crashed into Earth, it would cause damage on a continental scale, and potentially kick up enough dust to trigger significant climactic changes for many years, LiveScience <a target="_blank" href="https://www.livescience.com/space/asteroids/mountain-size-planet-killer-asteroid-will-make-a-close-approach-to-earth-this-week-and-you-can-watch-it-live">reported</a>.</p><p id="f7d4c781-e54b-4539-9212-0b088e744ec7">The Chicxulub asteroid, for example, credited with the dinosaurs' demise was about 6.5 miles across and triggered global warming for an <a target="_blank" href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aap8525?adobe_mc=MCMID%3D71187586662918797870423820668119382806%7CMCORGID%3D242B6472541199F70A4C98A6%2540AdobeOrg%7CTS%3D1719416200">estimated</a> 100,000 years after impact.</p><div type="image" title="An artist's illustration of a massive asteroid colliding with Earth" height="1414" width="2121" msid="111295553" hostid="261"></div><p id="f7d4c781-e54b-4539-9212-0b088e744ec7">Luckily, 2011 UL21 won't be coming close enough to cause any concern on Thursday. It'll sneak by Earth at a safe distance of more than 4 million miles, which is 17 times farther than <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earth-moon-distance-edge-of-outer-space-2018-5">the distance between Earth and the moon</a>, Masi wrote.</p><p id="f7d4c781-e54b-4539-9212-0b088e744ec7">But this fly-by is noteworthy because 2011 UL21 will be among the top 10 largest asteroids to pass by Earth at close range in the last 125 years, he added.</p><h2 id="789dcbe3-2c95-457e-9dcd-ad0ac66ffd8e">Newly discovered Asteroid 2024 MK</h2><div type="image" title="ESA infographic about Asteroid 2024 MK and its close approach on June 29, 2024." height="1080" width="1920" msid="111295549" hostid="261"></div><p>Asteroid 2024 MK was <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-sent-spaceship-near-dinkinesh-asteroid-discovered-second-baby-one-2023-11">first discovered</a> earlier this month, just 13 days before it will pass by Earth at remarkably close range, according to the European Space Agency.</p><p>It's much smaller than 2011 UL21, with an estimated diameter between 390 and 885 feet. That's roughly the length of one to 2.5 football fields.</p><div type="image" title="Gif map of Asteroid 2024 MK's close approach with Earth" height="669" width="800" msid="111295551" hostid="261"></div><p>But what this asteroid lacks in size, it should make up for in brightness. It will come within 184,000 miles of Earth, which is about 77% of the average distance between the Earth and the moon, Masi wrote.</p><p>It's close proximity will make it one of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amateur-astronomer-video-jupiter-bright-fireball-comet-asteroid-impact-2023-9">brightest objects</a> of its kind observed in recent history, he added.</p>

2 'potentially hazardous' asteroids will streak by Earth this week, one as big as a mountain. You can watch it live.

<ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>An earthquake hit New Jersey Friday days before a total solar eclipse.</strong></li><li><strong>But the two events have no correlation according to the United States Geological Survey.</strong></li></ul><p>An <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earthquake-rattles-new-york-city-new-jersey-2024-4">earthquake hit New Jersey</a> on Friday, and the fact that this happened a few days before a total solar eclipse is due to sweep across America has not gone unnoticed.</p><p>People have taken to X, formerly Twitter, to discuss the link between the two events, many joking that it is a sign of end times to come.</p><p>The eclipse itself is unlikely to have impacted the earthquake, the United States Geological Survey<a href="https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/can-position-moon-or-planets-affect-seismicity-are-there-more-earthquakes-morningin-eveningat?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> previously said.</a></p><p>"This is unrelated to the solar eclipse. Earthquakes of this size — there's basically no correlation with celestial bodies," Paul Earle, a seismologist with USGS, said in a Friday briefing.</p><p>That said, research in the past has linked the moon to tremors on Earth.</p><h2>The moon's effect on earthquakes was hidden</h2><p>Our moon has an undeniable affect on Earth's tides. Its gravitational pull causes rises and falls in our planet's sea level. But what if the moon were to have a smaller, less visible affect on our planet? </p><p>A small handful of experts claim to have evidence that our satellite produces forces that can trigger earthquakes.  </p><p>Scientists have long pondered whether the moon's tides could be linked to earthquakes. After all, our satellite is always there, shifting the weight of the oceans and pulling at our planet.</p><div type="image" title="A gif showing the earth and the moon static shows how the tides raise the oceans towards our moon." height="342" width="684" msid="100896873" hostid="261"></div><p>Surely, all that pressure, even if it is incremental, would add up to a significant effect, scientists asked. </p><p>But until recently, datasets were not good enough to show the link between the moon and earthquakes, and the pull was deemed <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40766-022-00038-x" target="_blank" rel="noopener">too weak</a> to have any significant impact. </p><p>"For a while, it was a field where only fools worked," Chris Scholtz, a geologist and professor emeritus of earth and environmental science at Columbia Climate School, told Insider. </p><p>But with the advent of bigger and more comprehensive datasets over the past 20 years, the influence of the moon has started to emerge from the data. And it seems that in some cases, the moon did help trigger earthquakes around the world. </p><p>"With these huge datasets, they started to get some small but significant correlation," Scholtz said, adding: "Now it's credible," he said.</p><h2>The moon is also pulling at Earth's rocks</h2><div type="image" title="a picture shows the moon showing against the daylight sky behind a mountain ridge." height="692" width="923" msid="100896877" hostid="261"></div><p>It's not just in the oceans where the moon is causing havoc. Though we may not feel it, the moon also causes tiny, but important, tides in rocks.</p><p>While standing on the surface of the Earth, it may be difficult to imagine mountains ebbing and flowing like the ocean, but rocks do bulge and squish under the pull from the moon</p><p>"Solid earth tides are the same as the tides, it's just on the solid earth. And the amplitude of motion is very tiny because the earth is very stiff," said Scholtz. </p><p>"You can measure it with a very sensitive instrument. But you can't notice it," he said.</p><p>These tides can deform the Earth by up to about 22 inches vertically and about 11 inches horizontally every day, Davide Zaccagnino, PhD student of geophysics at the Sapienza University of Rome, told Insider in an email. </p><p>By digging into these datasets, a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0012821X08007723" target="_blank" rel="noopener">few</a> <a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/04/230421092025.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">studies</a> have suggested a link between Earth tides and earthquakes.</p><p>"While fluids can flow, rocks can just slightly change their shape according to the intensity and direction of the tidal perturbation, which promotes stress accumulation," said Zaccagnino.</p><p>If rocks are already overstressed because of the action of tectonic forces, even a small stress the pull of the moon can be the straw that breaks the camel's back, creating a crack in the rock, he said.</p><p>"If surrounding rocks are also unstable, the fracture can speed up to involve large fault patches. The final outcome is an earthquake," said Zaccagnino.</p><h2>The moon can put the weight of the ocean on a volcano</h2><div type="image" title="Pictures taken by a satellite show the moon crossing the Earth." height="553" width="738" msid="100896874" hostid="261"></div><p>One place where the moon's impact is seen clearly is in <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1150558" target="_blank" rel="noopener">underwater earthquakes</a>. That makes sense, given the moon's pull on the oceans.</p><p>A <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1103961#:~:text=References-,Abstract,3%20with%20the%20tidal%20stress." target="_blank" rel="noopener">2004 paper</a> published in the peer-reviewed journal Science, for instance, found that earthquakes along underwater fault lines seemed to follow the tides of the ocean. </p><p>Scholtz and his team set out to <a href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2019/june/tides-and-earthquakes-.html#:~:text=During%20movement%2C%20the%20upper%20block,down%20and%20cause%20the%20earthquakes." target="_blank" rel="noopener">study</a> how the moon could be exerting its power on the earthquakes on the Axial Volcano on the <a href="http://faculty.washington.edu/wilcock/files/PaperPDFs/wilcock_GRL_2001.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Juan de Fuca</a> ridge off the West coast of the US. Earthquakes here are about ten-fold more likely to happen when the tide has gone out, Scholtz said.</p><div type="image" title="A graph shows that eqrthquakes are much more frequent when the tide is around its 0 phase, meaning when the tide is out." height="1112" width="1482" msid="100896875" hostid="261"></div><p>Their study, published in <a href="https://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2019/june/tides-and-earthquakes-.html#:~:text=During%20movement%2C%20the%20upper%20block,down%20and%20cause%20the%20earthquakes." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nature Communications in 2019</a>, found an explanation for the link between the moon and earthquakes. It suggested they were caused by the weight of the ocean pressing down on a volcano's magma chamber.</p><p>"What's happening is the tides are actually making the magma chamber inflate and deflate," he said. "That's what's causing the earthquakes."</p><p>Then when the tide is low, less water presses down on the chamber, which then inflates. This, in turn, puts more pressure on the fault line, making it more likely to jerk and create an earthquake. </p><h2>It can push earthquakes over the edge</h2><p>Let's get one thing clear: the moon isn't causing these earthquakes. Rather, it is when the rock is on the very brink of collapse that the moon's small tug could push it past that final tipping point. </p><p>This only happens in very specific circumstances, for instance, when the pressure from the moon's gravitational pull lines up perfectly with the fault line. So it is not like we could say that every earthquake is more likely to happen when the moon is out.</p><p>"Tides cannot help us to predict earthquakes. But they can help us to better understand their physics, which is still mainly unknown," said Zaccagnino. </p><p>Knowing when the moon's pull has been able to trigger on an earthquake can help us, for instance, understand when the crust was at a breaking point, Zaccagnino said. </p>

The moon's pull is so strong it may trigger earthquakes on Earth. Scientists are still baffled by its power.

On the evening of November 8, as the <keyword id="6359982" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="earth" source="Orion">Earth</keyword>'s shadow envelopes its sole satellite for nearly one-and-half hours, the world will witness a thrilling and chilling spectacle of a '<keyword id="2198098" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="blood-moon" source="Orion">Blood Moon</keyword>' <keyword id="90051" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="lunar-eclipse" source="Orion">lunar eclipse</keyword>, a prominent astronomer said here on Monday.<br /><br />Coming exactly 14 days (two Tuesdays) after the October 25 partial solar eclipse -- the lunar eclipse will be seen in totality in the northeastern states, but shall be only partially visible in the rest of <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> in the evening as the <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">sun</keyword> sets, said Prof. Bharat Adur, Director, Akash Ganga Centre for Astronomy (AGCA) here.<br /><br />"Tomorrow, the Earth's looming shadow will cover the <keyword id="42440" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="moon" source="Orion">Moon</keyword> and during this period it will appear a dark reddish colour, almost like a large drop of blood balanced in the sky... This phenomenon is called a 'Blood Moon' and it's an exciting spectacle," said Prof. Adur.<br /><br />He urged the people to view it wherever possible, as this will be the last total lunar eclipse, and the next one (total lunar eclipse) due only after three years on September 7, 2025.<br /><br />The Earth will come between the Sun and Moon and the blue planet's monstrous shadow -- from a staggering distance of 3.93 lakh kms -- will shroud its small natural satellite, partially or fully, depending on the angle of alignment from where it is viewed, Prof. Adur explained.<br /><br />The Sun is around 109 times bigger than Earth and over 148-million kms away, while the Earth is nearly four times larger than the Moon, with an average distance of 3,85 lakh kms separating them.<br /><br />"In a total lunar eclipse, the Moon is entirely blanketed by the Earth's darkest shadow, called the 'umbra', and at this time, the Moon appears a dark-reddish colour, or what is called the 'Blood Moon' phenomenon," Prof. Adur said.<br /><br />In scientific terms, it's called the 'Rayleigh Scattering' as during a lunar eclipse the only sunlight that reaches the Moon passes through the Earth's atmosphere, thus turning the Moon an apparent reddish colour.<br /><br />This is the second celestial event since the last partial Solar Eclipse (October 25), and can be witnessed by people in India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, parts of Asia, Russia, North and South Americas, Australia, North Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean regions.<br /><br />Despite the scary myths or deep religious aspects associated with any eclipse (solar/lunar), Prof. Adur assured that there is absolutely no harm in viewing the unusual 'Blood Moon' on Tuesday with naked eyes or with binoculars which will enhance the reddish colour.<br /><br />The northeastern parts of India like Kohima, Agartala, Guwahati and other regions in the world will witness it in totality on Tuesday, the final eclipse of 2022.<br /><br />As the Moon will be below the horizon during the eclipse hours, most other parts of India will miss the exciting starting phases of both the partial and total eclipse, he said.<br /><br />Kolkata, New Delhi, Chennai along with Mumbai, can witness only the partial phase, and in the country's commercial capital barely 14 per cent of the Moon's obscuration can be viewed at 18.03 hours in the setting sun.<br /><br />However, the Moon will be seen 60 per cent covered in Nagpur, 66 per cent in Srinagar and in varying degrees in other cities, said Prof. Adur.<br /><br />In case people miss the 'Blood Moon' on Tuesday, they can wait for October 28, 2023, when there will be another partial lunar eclipse that will be visible in some parts of the country, Prof. Adur smiled.<br /><br /><b>SEE ALSO:</b><br /><br /> <b><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/meta-expected-to-announce-massive-layoffs-this-week-that-could-impact-thousand-as-tech-bloodbath-continues-wsj/articleshow/95343558.cms">Meta expected to announce massive layoffs this week that could impact thousand as tech bloodbath continues: WSJ</a></b><br /><br /> <b><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/twitter-backtracks-elon-musks-platform-will-delay-its-paid-blue-check-verification-plan-until-after-midterms-nyt/articleshow/95343175.cms">Twitter backtracks: Elon Musk's platform will delay its paid blue check verification plan until after midterms: NYT</a></b><br />

World to witness 'Blood Moon' spectacle in the sky on November 8

<ul class="summary-list"><li>China launched the Chang'e-6 probe to collect samples from the far side of the moon.</li><li>The probe lifted off from China's Wenchang Space Launch Center at 5.37 a.m. ET. </li></ul><p>China on Friday launched a probe to collect samples from the far side of the moon, as it stepped up its <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-china-race-to-the-moon-photos-launches-2022-11">space race against the US.</a></p><p>The Chang'e-6 probe successfully lifted off from China's Wenchang Space Launch Center at 5.37 a.m. ET. </p><p>The mission is expected to last 53 days. It will collect around two kilograms of lunar samples from the far side of the moon for analysis. </p><p>China is hoping Chang'e-6 can retrieve samples from the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the lunar far side. According to NASA, this is one of the largest and oldest impact features in the solar system. </p><p><span>If successful, it would be a major demonstration of the nation's spacefaring prowess, as no other country has brought samples back from the far side of the moon.</span></p><p><span>The terrain on the far side of the moon is quite different from its near side. "It lacks the large dark spots, called maria, that make up the familiar Man in the Moon on the near side. Instead, craters of all sizes crowd together over the entire far side," according to </span><a target="_blank" href="https://science.nasa.gov/resource/the-moon-from-the-other-side/"><span>NASA</span></a><span>. </span></p><p><span>"People want to know why this happened," Yi Xu, a professor at the Space Science Institute of Macau University of Science and Technology and a member of the Chang'e-6 science team told </span><a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/03/science/china-moon-launch-watch.html"><span>The New York Times. </span></a><span>"If we can collect some samples on the far side, then we can maybe get some clues to these questions."</span></p><p>As <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-beat-us-race-moon-lunar-lander-peregrine-fuel-leak-2024-1">Business Insider previously reported</a>, the US and China  have aggressive programs to return to the moon. The lunar surface is a strategic target for many nations vying to expand their people's reach beyond Earth.</p><p><span>China aims to bring humans to the moon by the end of 2030. NASA recently announced it was delaying its own mission to bring humans back to the moon. However, it still aims to get there before China with a predicted launch date in 2026.</span></p>

China launched a probe to the far side of the moon, stepping up its space race with the US

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/adam-driver-asks-nasa-save-earth-from-world-ending-asteroids-2023-3">asteroid</a> has been trailing Earth around <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photo-international-space-station-hidden-passing-sun-2023-4">the sun</a> since 100 BC, astronomers estimate.</li><li>The space rock at first appears to be another <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/moon-missions-why-astronauts-have-not-returned-2018-7">moon</a>, but it's actually orbiting the sun and not Earth.</li></ul><p>An <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asteroid-nasa-dart-impacted-looks-like-comet-hubble-photo-reveals-2022-10">asteroid</a> has been following Earth around the sun for the last two millennia, and astronomers just noticed it.</p><p>Scientists first discovered the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/planet-killer-asteroid-could-threaten-earth-in-a-few-millennia-2022-10">space rock</a>, called 2023 FW13, in March using the Pan-STARRS observatory in Hawaii.</p><p>At first glance, the asteroid seemed to be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-inspector-satellite-chasing-secret-us-military-satellite-cat-mouse-2023-4">orbiting our planet</a>, which would make it another moon.</p><p>But this tailgating asteroid is actually orbiting <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-video-footage-shows-sun-solar-activity-increasing-2023-5">the sun</a>, the space news website <a href="https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/does-earth-have-new-quasi-moon/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Sky &amp; Telescope</a> reported. It just happens to be traveling at roughly the same path and pace as our planet.</p><p>"Earth plays essentially no role in its motion," Alan Harris, a scientist specializing in near-Earth objects at the Space Science Institute, told Sky &amp; Telescope. "[It's] in no way associated with Earth other than by chance."</p><p>That makes 2023 FW13 a "quasi-moon," or a "fake moon."</p><h2>What makes this fake moon unique</h2><div type="image" title="orange full moon rises behind eiffel tower" height="1420" width="1894" msid="100686281" hostid="261" sizebytes="40066"></div><p>Usually quasi-moons trail Earth for just a few decades, but this one is different. From data they've collected about its orbit, astronomers calculated that the asteroid has been <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asteroid-to-whiz-between-earth-and-moon-in-rare-occurrence-2023-3">in the vicinity of our planet</a> since about 100 BC, the year Julius Caesar was born.</p><p>Other telescopes have confirmed the asteroid's existence, according to <a href="https://www.space.com/asteroid-2023-fw13-quasi-moon-earth">Space.com</a>, and the Minor Planet Center at the International Astronomical Union officially <a href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K23/K23G10.html">listed</a> it as a known object in April. That's when French astronomer and journalist Adrien Coffinet first <a href="https://www.futura-sciences.com/sciences/actualites/astronomie-decouverte-nouveau-compagnon-terre-104555/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reported</a> the discovery.</p><p>The asteroid is roughly 20 meters long, which is about the size of a semi-truck, and it comes within about 9 million miles of Earth at the closest point of its path, according to Space.com. For reference, the moon — the one we all know and love — is about 238,855 miles away. It's unlikely to hit Earth, though, Harris said.</p><p>"The good news is, such an orbit doesn't result in an impacting trajectory 'out of the blue,'" he told Sky &amp; Telescope.</p><p>This isn't Earth's first extra moon. In 2016, the Pan-STARRS observatory <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earth-has-two-moons-2016-6">discovered a sneaky rock satellite</a> that may be a fragment of the moon — the big one that we can all see in the sky. For now, that's still the only moon that matters to our lives here on Earth.</p>

You Searched For "earth moon impact" and got 9 results

The 2024 harvest moon is the 2nd supermoon and last lunar eclipse this year. Here's the best time to see it when it rises Tuesday.

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SpaceX's Polaris Dawn crew returns to Earth victorious, making huge gains in Elon Musk's plans to send humans to Mars

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A mysterious rock orbiting Earth appears to be a chunk of the moon that was blasted away by a meteorite

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2 'potentially hazardous' asteroids will streak by Earth this week, one as big as a mountain. You can watch it live.

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The moon's pull is so strong it may trigger earthquakes on Earth. Scientists are still baffled by its power.

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World to witness 'Blood Moon' spectacle in the sky on November 8

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China launched a probe to the far side of the moon, stepping up its space race with the US

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A 'fake moon' has been following Earth around the sun since 100 BC, and astronomers just noticed

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