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Elon Musk's love for gaming isn't unknown. Be it streaming his gaming sessions on X (earlier called Twitter) or talking about his love for various games, the tech mogul has often made headlines for his connection with the gaming world. Musk, known for shaking up industries from space exploration to electric cars, has now announced plans to disrupt the gaming world. Through his AI startup xAI, Musk is launching a new game development studio that aims to challenge the dominance of large corporations in the gaming industry. Musk revealed his intentions in a social media exchange on X (formerly Twitter). Responding to a critique by Dogecoin co-creator Billy Markus about the state of modern gaming, Musk expressed dissatisfaction with corporate-owned game studios. He announced that xAI’s game studio would focus on making games “great again,” prioritising fun and innovation over ideological messaging. The new studio, powered by artificial intelligence, is expected to streamline game development processes while creating immersive experiences. Musk envisions games free from the “manipulative nonsense” he believes dominates today’s industry, offering an alternative for gamers seeking pure entertainment. While details remain sparse, the studio will operate under xAI, which has been at the forefront of developing artificial intelligence tools. The project aligns with Musk’s broader ambitions to use AI to transform industries. Gamers around the world are watching closely as Musk takes on yet another industry with his signature ambition and flair.

Elon Musk wants to make "gaming great again" with AI, here is how

The government on Tuesday announced a series of measures for development of Andhra Pradesh, including arranging <keyword id="20006597" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rs-15000-crore" source="keywords">Rs 15,000 crore</keyword> this fiscal and in future years for development of the <keyword id="19948211" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Capital-city" source="keywords">capital city</keyword> of the state. Presenting <keyword id="20387181" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Budget-2024-25" source="keywords">Union Budget 2024-25</keyword>, Finance Minister <keyword id="19916618" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirmala-Sitharaman" source="keywords">Nirmala Sitharaman</keyword> said the government will also facilitate special financial support for development of the capital city. Besides, the Centre allocated over Rs 3 lakh crore for schemes benefiting women and girls and stated that it is fully committed for completion and financing of <keyword id="22237410" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Polavaram-irrigation-project" source="keywords">Polavaram irrigation project</keyword>. The minister also announced backward region grant for three districts of the state. The <keyword id="19910625" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Telugu-Desam-Party" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Telugu Desam Party" meta.hostid="83" meta.entityid="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</keyword> (TDP) is a key ally of the BJP in the Centre. Political parties from Andhra Pradesh have protested time and again since 2014 demanding special category status for the state. Special category status is a classification of regions or states by the central government to provide special assistance in the form of tax benefits and financial support for development of the region. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/union-budget-2024-live-updates-finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-key-announcements-23-july/liveblog/111942008.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/union-budget-2024-live-updates-finance-minister-nirmala-sitharaman-key-announcements-23-july/liveblog/111942008.cms" target="_blank">Union Budget 2024 Live Updates: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman to present her record seventh consecutive Budget today</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/expectations-from-union-budget-2024-25-how-will-this-budget-impact-you/articleshow/111946291.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/expectations-from-union-budget-2024-25-how-will-this-budget-impact-you/articleshow/111946291.cms" target="_blank">Union Budget 2024-25: How will this budget impact you?</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/heres-a-quick-overview-of-pm-modi-3-0-governments-first-budget-to-be-presented-by-fm-nirmala-sitharaman-today/articleshow/111944393.cms" target="_blank"></a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/budget/news/heres-a-quick-overview-of-pm-modi-3-0-governments-first-budget-to-be-presented-by-fm-nirmala-sitharaman-today/articleshow/111944393.cms" target="_blank">Here's a quick overview of PM Modi 3.0 government's first budget, to be presented by FM Nirmala Sitharaman today</a>

Centre to arrange ₹15,000 crore for development of capital city of Andhra Pradesh

Last year, Meta made waves with the launch of its Ray-Ban smart glasses, combining sleek design with cutting-edge technology. The glasses allow users to interact with Meta’s AI, record their surroundings through a built-in camera, and more, bringing the future of wearable tech to life. A couple of days back, reports of <keyword id="19894961" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="apple" source="keywords">Apple</keyword> working on a similar smart glasses product made headlines. Now, fresh reports say that the Cupertino-based tech giant is conducting an internal survey to get a sense of existing smart glasses in the market. According to Bloomberg’s Mark Gurman, Apple is currently conducting internal research to develop these smart glasses. The study, led by the company’s Product Systems Quality team, seeks employee feedback to understand the potential of smart glasses and their key features. This internal survey, a part of Apple’s product development strategy, asks participants to evaluate existing smart glasses available on the market. The feedback collected from these focus groups will be crucial for Apple as it looks to understand the demand and fine-tune features that could be incorporated into its product. While it’s still early in the process, these developments suggest that Apple is planning to enter the smart glasses market in the next few years, with a product that may directly compete with Meta’s Ray-Ban glasses. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="115003223" title="Nvidia becomes world's largest company amid AI boom, surpasses Apple in the race" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> Reports also suggest that these smart glasses could serve as a stepping stone toward more complex augmented reality (AR) devices. Although Apple is reportedly facing challenges in developing fully functional AR glasses due to both technical and financial hurdles, the smart glasses could represent an interim solution, offering a blend of useful features without venturing too far into the AR space just yet. If these smart glasses are developed, they could serve as an upgrade to Apple’s existing wearable ecosystem. The glasses would expand Apple’s range, offering a more immersive and interactive experience for users without diving straight into the complexities of AR. Given Apple’s reputation for creating seamless and integrated experiences, these smart glasses could become an essential part of its growing wearable portfolio. As Apple moves forward with its smart glasses project, the company seems determined to create a product that will stand out in a crowded market. With Meta already established with its Ray-Ban smart glasses, Apple will need to leverage its ecosystem and innovations to differentiate itself and capture the interest of consumers. It remains to be seen when these smart glasses will hit the market, but their development suggests that Apple is gearing up for another exciting launch in the wearables space. SEE ALSO: <a class="block mb-2 font-medium text-sm text-[#096ffa] hover:text-blue-700 visited:text-blue-600 " href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-was-scammed-of-2-5-million-by-two-men-here-is-what-happened/articleshow/114039742.cms">Apple was scammed of $2.5 million by two men, here is what happened</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-planning-to-work-on-smart-glasses-similar-to-metas-ray-ban-and-airpods-with-camera/articleshow/114203219.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Apple working on smart glasses similar to Meta’s Ray-Ban and AirPods with camera, report says</a>

Apple conducts internal survey amidst reports of developing smart glasses similar to Meta

<ul class="summary-list"><li>President-elect Donald Trump nominated Brendan Carr as the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission.</li><li>Carr has been working for the FCC since 2012.</li></ul>On Sunday, President-elect Donald Trump announced his nomination for the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, or FCC: Brendan Carr.Carr, who has worked at the FCC since 2012, is the senior Republican on the commission. He is also the author of the FCC chapter of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-project-2025-conservative-political-playbook-heritage-foundation-trump-2024-7">Project 2025</a>, the conservative playbook that's raised questions among Democrats and Republicans alike for pushing policies like eliminating the Department of Education.In a Truth Social post announcing the nomination, Trump wrote that Carr is a "warrior for Free Speech.""He will end the regulatory onslaught that has been crippling America's Job Creators and Innovators, and ensure that the FCC delivers for rural America," Trump added.Carr thanked Trump for the nomination, writing on X that he is "humbled and honored to serve as Chairman of the FCC."The role requires Senate approval. If Carr does become the chairman of the FCC, the appointment stands to have serious impacts on Big Tech.<h2 id="74fa1360-14f5-4659-b046-4dcdf8b4702e">Carr's stance on Big Tech</h2>In his Project 2025 chapter, Carr writes that one of his four main goals for the FCC is "Reining in Big Tech.""The FCC has an important role to play in addressing the threats to individual liberty posed by corporations that are abusing dominant positions in the market. Nowhere is that clearer than when it comes to Big Tech and its attempts to drive diverse political viewpoints from the digital town square," he wrote."It is hard to imagine another industry in which a greater gap exists between power and accountability," he added.Carr outlined several steps for the FCC to take, including publicizing a new stance on the law's approach to Section 230, a part of the Communications Act of 1934.Section 230 states that online service providers aren't legally treated as publishers of their users' posts and can't be held liable for any actions taken "in good faith" to moderate or censor inappropriate content.Carr said the FCC should push for limitations to those rules, which he said have been abused to give Big Tech corporations immunity on censorship. His interpretation of the section would give Big Tech immunity only against being compelled to take down content.Ultimately, Carr wants to revamp Section 230 as a whole, in favor of a set of antidiscrimination rules that prevent companies from censoring posts, with exceptions for illegal content like child sex abuse images.In place, consumers should be allowed to choose their own fact-checkers and filters, Carr said.He proposed that Big Tech firms be compelled to make public their traffic and monetization algorithms, saying they now operate in a "black box."Carr also wants Big Tech firms to start contributing to the Universal Service Fund, a billion-dollar program run by the FCC that helps underprivileged communities get access to telecommunications services.<h2 id="26cff9fc-99ef-4eaf-859b-12158e20d10d">Carr wants a stronger push away from China — and TikTok</h2>Another of Carr's main points in his Project 2025 chapter is to further decouple the US tech industry from China's.Raising concerns about US national security, Carr called for a ban on TikTok, saying it gives China an opportunity to influence how millions of Americans get their news and information.He also called for the US to expand its Covered List, which tracks foreign tech companies deemed a risk to national security, and to prevent American firms from providing cloud computing services to China.Carr also wants the US to publish a list of FCC-approved organizations with at least 10% ownership from "foreign adversarial governments" like China, Russia, and Iran.To smoothen the push away from China, Carr suggested the US contribute another $3 billion in federal funding to help companies that use Chinese tech find and integrate alternatives.Carr's two other points in his Project 2025 chapter are to increase accountability measures for federal tech programs and to drive hard to develop 5G infrastructure.

Trump picked a Project 2025 coauthor to run the FCC. Here's what it means for Big Tech.

Since 2013, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk">Elon Musk</a> has promised that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla">Tesla</a> will have a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2013/09/18/business/tesla-self-drive-car/index.html">self-driving car</a>. To get there, the company has leaned on a specialized group of test drivers who are part of what's known internally as "Project Rodeo."Test drivers on Project Rodeo say they push the company's self-driving software to its limit. They work to bridge the gap between driver-assist software and fully autonomous driving. Operating on open streets with other vehicles, cyclists, and pedestrians, they have tested unreleased software that will be crucial to Tesla's push into autonomous driving.Test drivers said they sometimes navigated perilous scenarios, particularly those drivers on Project Rodeo's "critical intervention" team, who say they're trained to wait as long as possible before taking over the car's controls. Tesla engineers say there's a reason for this: The longer the car continues to drive itself, the more data they have to work with. Experts in self-driving tech and safety say this type of approach could speed up the software's development but risks the safety of the test drivers and people on public roads."The idea is that you're a cowboy on a bull and you're just trying to hang on as long as you can," a former test driver who trained for the critical-intervention team in San Francisco said.Business Insider spoke with nine current and former Project Rodeo test drivers and three Autopilot engineers in states including California, Texas, and Florida. The drivers worked on training Tesla's Full Self-Driving software and its Autopilot software, which, despite the products' names, require a licensed driver at the wheel. Most asked to remain anonymous, citing a fear of professional reprisal, but their identities are known to Business Insider. Eight of the drivers described experiences that occurred over the past year, mostly between November and April.<div type="image" title="tesla cars in a parking lot" height="2827" width="4195" msid="114814069" hostid="261" sizebytes="1645262"></div>None of the test drivers who spoke with BI said they had been involved in a crash.Five who worked for the company in 2024 said they narrowly avoided collisions, including almost hitting a group of pedestrians. One former critical-intervention driver in Texas told BI that they sometimes ventured into their city's bar district late at night to see how Tesla's FSD software reacted to drunk patrons spilling out after last call. The former driver in San Francisco recalled riding around Stanford University during training, testing how close FSD would allow the vehicle to get to people at crosswalks before they had to take over. And a third critical-intervention driver said they allowed the car to speed through yellow lights and drive 35 mph under the speed limit on an expressway to avoid disengaging the system.A former Autopilot engineer told BI that while testing is done on open roads, Tesla runs hundreds of simulations and sometimes tests difficult scenarios on a closed course before rolling out new software to test drivers' vehicles.Tesla did not respond to a detailed list of questions about Project Rodeo and its self-driving technology.The test drivers' experiences highlight the balancing act Tesla and other automakers face as they prepare their self-driving software for widespread consumer use.Experts say public testing is crucial and can help identify safety issues before the technology hits the market. Missy Cummings, a former safety advisor for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said that while practices vary, she believes many autonomous-vehicle companies likely employ tactics similar to Tesla's."In theory, these drivers have gone through training, and eventually these cars do need to be able to operate in the public domain," Cummings said. She added that clearly marked vehicles could help the public better identify test drivers.Safety experts say fragmented and limited autonomous-vehicle regulations, coupled with self-reporting by automakers, create a complex environment where companies balance public safety with getting their products ready for commercial use."There are very few rules around autonomous testing and a lot of dependency on self-reporting," said Mark Rosekind, a former NHTSA administrator and chief safety innovation officer for Zoox, an Amazon-owned autonomous-taxi firm. "If companies aren't reporting, it's hard to know what's going on."In the past decade, authorities have investigated several automakers, including Tesla, Waymo, and Cruise, over crashes involving self-driving or driver-assist software.<div type="image" title="elon musk looks at a tesla" height="3488" width="4868" msid="114814075" hostid="261" sizebytes="1020846"></div>A lot depends on Tesla's promise of autonomous driving; Musk said <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-tesla-worth-basically-zero-without-self-driving-2022-6">in 2022</a> that self-driving was "really the difference between Tesla being worth a lot of money or worth basically zero." The Morgan Stanley analyst Adam Jonas wrote in a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-robotaxi-release-date-elon-musk-stock-price-2024-9">note</a> last month that the company's future valuation was "highly dependent on its ability to develop, manufacture, and commercialize autonomous technologies." Tesla's stock fell by 10% on October 11, the day after the company's robotaxi event. <a target="_blank" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/tesla-stock-price-q3-earnings-elon-musk-profit-margins-guidance-2024-10">It rebounded after Tesla reported earnings on October 23</a>, and it's up by more than 3% overall in the year to date.<h2 id="e24440fb-f024-4003-b2a2-7b4d055c8c7a">Inside the day-to-day of a Project Rodeo driver</h2>Tesla went on a hiring spree this year, bringing on test drivers in at least half a dozen US cities, a review of LinkedIn profiles suggests.A <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-job-openings-seasonal-test-drivers-data-capture-2023-7">job listing from 2023</a> said test drivers needed a "clean driving record, safe driving habits, and a minimum of 4 years of licensed driving experiences." Eight drivers told BI that the onboarding process included two to three weeks of hands-on training, including test drives with a trainer in the passenger seat.According to employees and internal documents, one specialty within Project Rodeo works to replicate the job of a ride-hailing driver by picking random points on a map and driving between them. Those working on a different team, known as the "golden manual" team, drive manually, without any assistance, to train FSD software on what by-the-book, error-free driving looks like.Critical-intervention test drivers, who are among Project Rodeo's most experienced, let the software continue driving even after it makes a mistake. They're trained to stage "interventions" — taking manual control of the car — only to prevent a crash, said the three critical-intervention drivers and five other drivers familiar with the team's mission. Drivers on the team and internal documents say that cars rolled through red lights, swerved into other lanes, or failed to follow posted speed limits while FSD was engaged. The drivers said they allowed FSD to remain in control during these incidents because supervisors encouraged them to try to avoid taking over.The critical-intervention drivers recalled multiple instances where they felt unsafe but believed intervening could put their jobs at risk. The former driver in Texas recalled taking over only after FSD nearly rammed the car into the side of a vehicle stopped at an intersection.Non-critical-intervention drivers said they also felt pressure to push the system as far as possible. Five current and former employees said that they were instructed to intervene if they became uncomfortable with the software's behavior but that they sometimes received feedback from their supervisors if they were considered to have disengaged too early.John Bernal, a former test driver and data analyst at Tesla, said test drivers dealt with risky situations as far back as 2022. (Bernal was terminated that year; he said he was fired for sharing videos on his YouTube channel that showed his personal Tesla malfunctioning while using FSD.) He described instances where he broke traffic laws in order to collect data. Bernal said that his supervisors never instructed him to break the law but that he sometimes felt it was the only way to get the data the company wanted.He recalled one test in 2022 that was designed to see how well the system recognized a red light."My training was to wait until the wheels touched the white line before I could slam on the brakes," Bernal said. He said he sometimes ended up in the middle of the intersection if the system didn't work correctly.He also worked to train the autonomous software on "vulnerable road users" — defined by the Department of Transportation as pedestrians, bicyclists, people on scooters or in wheelchairs, or highway workers on foot — when he manually drove the "Ground Truth Machine," a Tesla outfitted with lidar and radar sensors to help the system map and identify objects."I'd drive over double lines to get close to a bike," Bernal said. "I would go obnoxiously slow through an alleyway where drunk people were, and I would be extremely rude and get really close to people."<div type="image" title="tesla showroom with autopilot posters" height="2939" width="4200" msid="114814073" hostid="261" sizebytes="255868"></div>Two years later, test drivers were asked to train the system near pedestrians, test drivers said. Five recalled a bug with FSD that made vehicles brake too early at crosswalks. To improve its performance, they were instructed to interact with pedestrians as frequently as possible.Sometimes, the drivers said, the software would slam on the brakes when no one was at the crosswalk; other times, it wouldn't stop at all. According to Tesla employees and internal documentation, FSD's performance depended heavily on its software version, and the versions appeared to operate at different levels of caution.The former San Francisco driver said that as they drove around Stanford University, their trainer, another test operator with more experience on the team, chastised them for braking too early. They recalled that at one point they came within three feet of hitting a bicyclist at a roundabout."I vividly remember this guy jumping off his bike. He was terrified," the driver told BI. "The car lunged at him, and all I could do was stomp on the brakes." They said the trainer was pleased by the incident. "He told me, 'That was perfect.' That was exactly what they wanted me to do."The driver added that "it felt like the goal was almost to simulate a hit-or-miss accident and then prevent it at the last second."The former Autopilot engineer said it was better for training to see whether the software could correct itself. They also said that not intervening when the car acted abnormally — including veering into another lane or doing something that confuses another driver — was important for training. Human motorists don't always drive rationally, they explained, and the software needs to know how to respond. It's also easier to parse the data if there are fewer driver interventions, they said."At the critical juncture where it's about to make the key decision," they said, it's helpful to see whether the software makes the right or wrong call. "We want the data to know what led the car to that decision," the engineer said. "If you keep intervening too early, we don't really get to the exact moment where we're like, OK, we understand what happened."<h2 id="52098605-f887-4702-a6ab-cf47e173ce28">A 'Wild West' with little regulation</h2>Tesla is one of many automakers attempting to make autonomous vehicles a reality. Waymo, backed by Alphabet, launched the first driverless taxi service in Phoenix in 2020."In many ways, it's like the Wild West out there," said Cummings, the former NHTSA safety advisor. "There is very little regulation around training or informing the public about testing."The stakes of data collection on public roads are high. In 2018, a self-driving Uber with a person behind the wheel struck and killed a pedestrian in Arizona. Cruise paused testing after one of its driverless vehicles hit a pedestrian in October 2023. Another vehicle had already hit the pedestrian when the Cruise car struck her, dragging her 20 feet before stopping. It <a target="_blank" href="https://www.getcruise.com/news/blog/2024/cruise-resumes-manual-driving-as-next-step-in-return-to-driverless-mission/">resumed testing</a> with safety drivers in some cities in May.<div type="image" title="waymo self driving taxi interior with pedestrians outside" height="4000" width="6000" msid="114814077" hostid="261" sizebytes="568560"></div>Two former Waymo employees said that they had a team similar to Tesla's critical-intervention team but that Waymo's version of critical-intervention testing was limited to closed tracks with dummies. Two former Cruise employees said that they had mapping teams and teams that tested on closed courses and public roads but that, unlike at Tesla, those teams were instructed to take over as soon as the software went off track, and they typically tested with at least two people in the car.A Waymo spokesperson said the company's safety framework included rigorous testing in controlled environments and on public roads. A Cruise spokesperson said the company's vehicles were designed as fully autonomous systems and were therefore fundamentally different from Tesla's driver-assistance technologies.Philip Koopman, an autonomous-driving expert at Carnegie Mellon University, said that Tesla's critical-intervention approach, as described to him by BI, was "irresponsible" and that the company should be playing out all "critical scenarios" on a closed course."By allowing the software to continue misbehaving to the point a test driver needs to avoid a crash, Tesla would be imposing a risk on other road users who have not agreed to serve as test subjects," Koopman said.Alex Roy, a general partner at NIVC and a former director of operations at the autonomous-driving startup Argo AI, said companies should be correcting the software as soon as it strays from the course, particularly on public roads."You should play those mistakes out in a simulation, not on an open road," Roy said. "Real-world testing is necessary, but real-world mistakes are not." The former Tesla engineer said they doubted that computer simulations are sophisticated enough to replicate the data generated by real-world driving. The former engineer said that, to help the software improve, it was best for test drivers to avoid intervening whenever possible."If you have a parent that's holding the bike the entire time, it never gets to learn," the engineer said.Test drivers on Project Rodeo felt this keenly."You're pretty much running on adrenaline the entire eight-hour shift," one former test driver in the Southwest said. "There's this feeling that you're on the edge of something going seriously wrong."Do you work for Tesla or have a tip? Reach out to the reporter via a non-work email and device at <a target="_blank" href="mailto:gkay@businessinsider.com">gkay@businessinsider.com</a> or <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="c-link">248-894-6012</a>.

Inside 'Project Rodeo,' the Tesla effort pushing the limits of self-driving technology

In FY25, Punjab is set to experience financial challenges as its capital-to-revenue expenditure ratio is the lowest among all states, standing at just 6.2%, highlighted a research report by the <keyword id="19938957" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="National-Stock-Exchange" source="keywords">National Stock Exchange</keyword> (NSE). This means that for every rupee Punjab spends, a very small portion is being allocated towards capital expenditure, which is crucial for long-term <keyword id="19971350" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="infrastructure-development" source="keywords">infrastructure development</keyword>. In contrast, the research showed that the states like Gujarat lead the way with a much higher ratio of 36.2%, signaling a stronger focus on capital spending that can drive future growth. "The capital-to-revenue expenditure ratio, a measure of expenditure quality, is set at 20.7 % for FY25BE, declining from 21.2 % in FY24RE. Punjab has the lowest ratio at 6.2 %, while Gujarat leads at 36.2 %" said the report. The report also highlighted that the overall, capital expenditure by Indian states is expected to moderate in FY25 after three years of strong growth. It stated that the total capital spending for the fiscal year is estimated to increase by just 6.5 % to Rs 6.5 lakh crore. This is a notable slowdown compared to the sharp 39.3 % rise in FY24, which was marked by a post-pandemic push to boost infrastructure and public projects. The capital-to-revenue expenditure ratio, a key indicator of the quality of spending, is also set to decline slightly to 20.7 %in FY25 from 21.2 %in FY24, reflecting a more cautious approach by states. At the same time, revenue expenditure, which covers recurring costs like salaries, subsidies, and interest payments, is expected to grow by 8.9 % to Rs 44.2 lakh crore. This is the slowest growth in the last four years, indicating tighter control over everyday spending. "<keyword id="23614983" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="committed-expenditure" source="keywords">Committed expenditure</keyword> (interest payments and pensions), on the other hand, remains high, comprising about 24 % of total revenue expenditure and consuming nearly a quarter of revenue receipts" the report added. Despite this, the report noted that a large portion of revenue expenditure remains committed to non-discretionary costs. Interest payments and pensions alone account for about 24 % of total revenue expenditure and consume nearly a quarter of the revenue receipts, limiting states' flexibility in spending. Some states are more burdened than others by this committed expenditure. Punjab, Kerala, Himachal Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu have earmarked over 35 %of their revenue receipts for these fixed costs in FY25, putting additional pressure on their finances. This leaves less room for discretionary spending and makes it harder for these states to invest in development and growth-oriented projects.

Punjab's capital expenditure lowest in FY25 at 6.2% vs highest of Gujarat at 36.2%: NSE

<ul class="summary-list"><li>AI coding tools like GitHub Copilot have transformed software development and productivity.</li><li>AI assistants close experience gaps, although they may lead to less secure, bug-prone code.</li></ul>Before he graduated from university, Jacob Jackson founded the AI coding assistant TabNine in 2018. Jackson, a computer science student, wanted to reduce the repetitive, sometimes boring tasks that a programmer could encounter."We were just trying to save people keystrokes. There was no talk of AI designing or writing full algorithms," he said.His startup eventually raised about $60 million and was <a target="_blank" href="https://techcrunch.com/2024/09/16/ai-coding-assistant-supermaven-raises-cash-from-openai-and-perplexity-founders/">acquired </a>by the Israeli company Codota in 2019. Jackson continued to work with AI, going on to intern and work at <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-investors-latest-funding-round-2024-10">OpenAI</a>, the company that built <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-chat-gpt-2023-1">ChatGPT</a>.In the past two years, there has been a boom in AI coding assistants. OpenAI competitors have launched widely used generative AI developer tools, such as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/codex-github-copilot-chatgpt-openai-productivity-2023-3">GitHub Copilot</a> and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/anthropic-claude-chatbot-google-chatgpt-2023-3">Anthropic's Claude</a>. The spike in ChatGPT usage and AI coding assistants has shifted how software developers do their jobs. Using AI to write code could also close the experience gap between more entry-level junior developers and senior developers, as it typically takes several years of work and even personal projects to level up."There's no such thing as junior developers anymore because AI basically elevates everybody to be beyond that," said Nikolas Gauvreau, who has worked as a developer in Canada for more than 20 years.More than 97% of 2,000 respondents across the US, Brazil, Germany, and India said that they have used AI coding tools at work, according to a <a target="_blank" href="https://github.blog/news-insights/research/survey-ai-wave-grows/">GitHub survey published in August. </a>Generative AI code suggestion tools can also increase software developer productivity <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4945566&amp;utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email">by 26%,</a> according to a study that analyzed data from Microsoft, Accenture, and an anonymous Fortune 100 electronics manufacturing company.Developers say that adopting AI coding assistants will accelerate the field of software engineering rather than eliminate jobs, like how calculators accelerated math computing despite initial protests by teachers against its adoption.While these tools can increase productivity, they may also introduce security issues that create more work for developers. According to a 2022 study led by Stanford University cryptography professor Dan Boneh, people who use an AI assistant write <a target="_blank" href="https://ee.stanford.edu/dan-boneh-and-team-find-relying-ai-more-likely-make-your-code-buggier">significantly less secure code</a> than those without access to those tools. While AI assistants can accelerate the coding process, they may create more bugs that require the human overseer to intervene.<h2 id="d6eac2da-0de8-41c4-88c4-158a2ee3f4a4">AI assistants can empower coders</h2>Most generative AI coding assistants focus on auto-completion, meaning that the tool suggests code as the programmer types. Other language learning models (LLMs) require <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-prompt-engineer-jobs-pay-salary-requirements-no-tech-background-2023-3">prompt engineering</a>, where the user can then apply the AI's suggested code as a starting point for their idea, depending on the complexity of the problem they want to solve.Before the advent of coding assistants, DeepAI founder Kevin Baragona always had a Google search engine window pulled up in case he needed help solving a problem. Programmers often did research from resources like Stack Overflow, an online community forum where coders would share their solutions. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stack-overflow-crisis-future-of-online-data-ai-world-2023-7">Stack Overflow's traffic</a> has fallen since the rise of coding assistants."Every few minutes when you're programming, that was sort of like the cheat code back then, and that just became normalized as what you do when you're coding: you Google a lot," said Baragona.Knowing more than one coding language, such as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/what-is-javascript">JavaScript</a>, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/tech/what-is-python">Python</a>, or <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-programming-language-github-developers-rate-javascript-python-2021-11">Ruby</a>, gives a programmer more flexibility in the job market when companies shift their priorities. Learning a completely new language, though, would require lots of time and learning.Now, <a target="_blank" href="https://ai.meta.com/blog/deep-learning-to-translate-between-programming-languages/">deep learning models</a> have allowed for more programming functions to be translated from one language to another, making it easier for developers to switch between programming languages without having to quickly learn them. Baragona said these tools make him feel like he knows "every programming language, even though I don't, because AI will help me get over the hump really quickly."Gauvreau said AI coding assistants have empowered him because he feels less afraid to take on more clients even when he may not know the solution yet. He said he's doubled the number of languages he learned in the last year, more than his entire career.<h2 id="25083395-c66d-453a-b91a-7284034d278b">AI can help computer science students</h2>Instead of shying away from coding assistants, some universities developed their own versions that would help steer students toward asking the right questions – another way AI tools can close the skills gap.David Malan, a professor who oversees the popular <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-students-love-harvards-cs50-2014-10">CS50</a> Introduction to Computer Science course at Harvard University and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/learning/harvard-cs50-online-computer-science-classes">online on edX</a>, helped spearhead the creation of the <a target="_blank" href="http://cs50.ai">cs50.ai</a> chatbot for the course. Malan said that AI programs are "all too willing to answer any and all of your questions, but not in a way that is probably consistent with what a good teacher or tutor would prefer that you do.""The goal is to really teach students how to think and how to solve problems with the tools we currently have and will eventually have when it comes to the real world and application of software," Malan told Business Insider.AI coding assistants can especially help the class's online students, who may not necessarily have the luxury of a teacher's assistant, have a "virtual tutor by their side," Malan said.<h2 id="9b9f87e3-a9e0-45a5-8e9b-85fa3faf0206">AI has shortcomings</h2>While Baragona said AI coding will become a day-to-day reality for the next generation of coders, he thinks that it's training programmers to be lazier, which could create problems that they won't know how to solve."You quickly get to a point where the AI did all the work, but it still has bugs, and you don't understand the code at all because you didn't write it," he said.Once the code reaches a certain level of complexity, he finds that the AI has dug a hole deep enough that it can't get out."And at that point, you're actually really screwed because you can't understand the code, you can't fix it, and neither can the AI," he said.Programmers for studios under Microsoft have been encouraged to adopt <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-ai-copilot-future-openai-2024-3">Microsoft Copilot</a> as a coding assistant, according to one Activision Blizzard contractor, whose identity BI has confirmed and who asked to remain anonymous because he's not authorized to speak to the press. Still, he said he needs to be very specific when working with Copilot."AI doesn't have a vision of what you're trying to build because coding is really like building a building. AI can build you one little piece," he told BI. "We actively tried to use Copilot in our trials, but it just was not good."While many developers have chosen to delegate specific coding tasks to AI to reduce their workloads, they say establishing strong fundamentals in computer science and software engineering will continue to be relevant.Software engineers don't just code; they also solve problems and design systems. In this case, humans still have some edge."The AI tools today, they don't create thoughtful architectures the way a human would. They kind of code with short-term thinking," Baragona said.

AI coding tools mean there are no more junior software developers 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Amazon wants to expand its use of nuclear power to meet rising AI energy needs.</li><li>The company's energy strategy team recently pitched CEO Andy Jassy on the benefits of nuclear power.</li></ul>In June, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-big-tech-cash-king-wall-street-wants-a-piece-2024-10">Amazon's</a> Global Energy Strategy team pitched CEO Andy Jassy the idea of doubling down on <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-google-microsoft-openai-big-tech-investment-nuclear-ai-race-2024-10">nuclear power</a> to support its growing network of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-data-energy-centers-water-energy-land-2023-10">data centers</a>.The group argued that nuclear can be more reliable and cost-efficient than other clean energy sources, such as wind and solar. Jassy agreed, according to an internal Amazon document from the third quarter that was obtained by Business Insider."We have strong conviction that nuclear power is the most economical and credible path to scale carbon free energy to meet the next decade's rapid capacity growth," the company's energy strategy team wrote. "We took this conviction to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-andy-jassy-wooed-wall-street-overhauled-bloated-tech-giant-2024-7">Andy Jassy</a> in June 2024, and received approval to execute against our proposed expansion to the carbon free energy strategy through new nuclear generation."<div type="image" title="Andy Jassy onstage at an event." height="1293" width="1940" msid="114563910" hostid="261" sizebytes="57026"></div>Fast forward a few months and Amazon's nuclear ambitions are becoming clearer. Last week, Amazon <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-invests-in-nuclear-for-aws-following-google-and-microsoft-2024-10">led</a> a $500 million investment in X-energy to develop small modular reactors, following <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/data-centers-amazon-ai-nuclear-power-grid-2024-5">an earlier deal</a> to buy power from a nuclear plant in Pennsylvania.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/servicenow-ceo-bill-mcdermott-ai-software-2024-10">Generative AI</a> is the main reason for this sudden interest in nuclear energy. Running these new AI workloads in data centers requires <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-data-centers-energy-cloud-microsoft-chatpgt-amazon-google-2023-7">way more electricity</a> than traditional computing tasks. Burning <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/data-centers-energy-demand-utilities-green-renewable-2023-10">more coal</a> and other fossil fuels is bad for the environment, so nuclear is an attractive alternative, despite its checkered safety record.Amazon sees nuclear as a key part of dealing with this AI-driven <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-data-centers-delays-costs-power-labor-shortages-aws-ai-2024-10">surge in energy demand</a>. The company considered tapping into at least four additional existing nuclear power plants and sought even more small modular reactor deals. It also looked at other energy sources, such as geothermal, to meet long-term renewable energy goals, according to the internal document."Machine Learning, GenAl and commercial capacity demand continues to significantly outpace available power capacity globally and requires new solutions that are reliable, cost-effective and carbon free," the document explained, while noting that success in this space would help Amazon Web Services meet customer needs for sustainable data center capacity.<h2 id="9f054fc5-4a26-481d-81e9-4ebeece00b52">Amazon considers all solutions</h2>An Amazon spokesperson said the final details of the company's plans could be "very different from the preliminary ideas," and cautioned against drawing conclusions from an "outdated" document.The cloud giant supports more than 500 solar and wind projects, and has been the largest corporate purchaser of renewable energy for four years in a row. It's also investing in emerging technologies through a Climate Pledge Fund, the spokesperson added."There isn't a one-size-fits-all solution for transitioning to carbon-free energy and we believe all viable and scalable options should be considered, so we frequently consider a wide range of projects before deciding which ones we move forward with," the spokesperson wrote in a statement.<h2 id="e4e8b6a9-955c-4738-a29e-1533eb23b75f">Big Tech's embrace</h2><div type="image" title="three mile island" height="1343" width="2000" msid="114563911" hostid="261" sizebytes="136424"></div>Amazon isn't the only big tech company embracing nuclear to meet AI's insatiable hunger for power.Google recently <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-nuclear-power-ai-data-centers-2024-10">unveiled</a> a partnership with Kairos Power to build small modular nuclear reactors. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman loves talking about nuclear and has backed projects. Microsoft <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/three-mile-island-nuclear-plant-reopens-power-microsoft-ai-push-2024-9">struck a deal</a> to get power from the Three Mile Island nuclear plant.That last deal highlights the nuclear industry's troubled past. In 1979, Three Mile Island <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-happened-three-mile-island-worst-us-nuclear-disaster-2019-8">experienced</a> a major disaster that stalled the US nuclear sector for decades. There have been even worse events in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/chernobyl">Chernobyl</a> and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/haunting-photos-of-the-fukushima-disaster-zone-2017-3">Fukushima</a>.<h2 id="991ea7a5-102b-4e4a-bbbd-ca9c560c342b">"Piano Man"</h2>Prior to the June meeting with Amazon's Global Energy Strategy team, Jassy approved another nuclear plan in December 2023, according to the internal document obtained by BI.Under that plan, codenamed "Piano Man," Amazon targeted existing nuclear plants that had spare capacity. The company wanted to sign agreements that gave it access to "dedicated, reliable power" in the future. The first project within this strategy was announced in March, when Amazon <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/data-centers-amazon-ai-nuclear-power-grid-2024-5">agreed</a> to pay $650 million to purchase energy from a nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania, the internal document showed.Amazon considered at least 4 other similar nuclear projects, the document stated. One was in Maryland for an option to use up to 0.88 gigawatt of energy. Another was in Texas for 1.2 gigawatts. There were two other arrangements in Pennsylvania for 0.96 gigawatt and 0.9 gigawatt of power each. In general, a one gigawatt plant is estimated to have enough capacity to power roughly 876,000 households for a year.It is unclear whether Amazon is still looking into these types of "Piano Man" deals."There are limited pipeline opportunities after these projects, but we will continue to develop all feasible options," the document explained.<h2 id="8dc1cc69-aec8-4677-aef7-89452bc1e7b2">Learning curve</h2><div type="image" title="The cooling towers of a nuclear power plant against a blue sky." height="1414" width="2121" msid="114563912" hostid="261" sizebytes="98642"></div>Amazon has also been "actively conducting due diligence" on more than a dozen opportunities in the small modular reactor space. As part of this, the company has developed relationships with utilities, nuclear construction companies, and the US Department of Energy, according to the document.Nuclear power can be safer, more reliable, and more cost-efficient in the long term compared to other power sources, according to Jacopo Buongiorno, a nuclear engineering professor at MIT. However, he said some of the new advanced small modular reactors are still being tested and often use different designs and systems, making them a relatively riskier option."There will be a learning curve because some of these technologies are not mature yet," Buongiorno told BI.<h2 id="1b22c795-2c48-4282-8e9c-8728dc854c1e">Prioritize 'earlier access to power'</h2>The internal Amazon document described the company's nuclear initiatives as part of a broader "non-standard" energy plan. The company also looked into power arrangements for natural gas plants and geothermal energy."As we drive development of first of a kind, non-standard energy sources within the industry, our scope is primarily medium to long term, supplying power in large amounts beyond 2030," the document stated.In 2024, Amazon's goal is to deliver 8 gigawatts of incremental renewable energy, the document said. Amazon reached 4.1 gigawatts of renewable energy in 2023 and 10.2 gigawatts in 2022, it noted.The internal document listed the main "tenets" that the Global Energy Strategy team follows. It emphasized delivering "highly reliable, cost-effective" power on time, and making bets on technologies that are "on the cusp of scaling and mass adoption."It also stressed the need to find the earliest available power options."While we target obtaining large amounts of power over time, we will prioritize opportunities with the earlier access to power," it said.Do you work at Amazon? Got a tip?Contact the reporter, Eugene Kim, via the encrypted-messaging apps Signal or Telegram (<a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="c-link">+1-650-942-3061</a>) or email (<a target="_blank" href="mailto:ekim@businessinsider.com">ekim@businessinsider.com</a>). Reach out using a nonwork device. Check out Business Insider's <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/insider-guide-to-securely-sharing-whistleblower-information-about-powerful-institutions-2021-10">source guide</a> for other tips on sharing information securely.

Inside Amazon's nuclear ambitions, its 'Piano Man' project, and CEO Andy Jassy's support

The <keyword id="19987636" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bihar-government" source="keywords">Bihar government</keyword> is making serious efforts to give a fillip to <keyword id="23049947" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="small-scale-and-medium-enterprises" source="Orion">small-scale and medium enterprises</keyword> which would play a crucial role in the overall <keyword id="352701" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="economic-development" source="Orion">economic development</keyword> of the state, a top official of the Industries department said. Around Rs 2,900 crore have been disbursed to nearly 74,540 beneficiaries under two schemes, one of which was launched only last year, for promoting Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises ( <keyword id="19910977" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="MSMEs" source="keywords">MSMEs</keyword>) in the state, the official said. <keyword id="19903647" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bihar" source="keywords">Bihar</keyword> has a strong MSME base. To promote innovation ecosystem and unlock the enormous entrepreneurial potential of the state, the Mukhya Mantri Udyami Yojana (MMUY) and <keyword id="23049946" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bihar-Laghu-Udyami-Yojana" source="keywords">Bihar Laghu Udyami Yojana</keyword> (BLUY) were launched in 2018 and 2023 respectively focusing on promotion of MSMEs in the state. "A total of Rs 2,697 crore was disbursed to 34,441 beneficiaries from 2018 till now under MMUY. Similarly, till date Rs 200 crore of the first instalment has been disbursed to 40,099 beneficiaries under BLUY", Secretary, Department of Industries, Bandana Preyashi told PTI. On the one hand, Bihar is getting big ticket investments for major manufacturing units and on the other hand, the state government is also enabling an ecosystem where the MSMEs can thrive on the ground level for the benefit of the rural economy, Preyashi said. The Bihar Laghu Udyami Yojana aims to provide job opportunities to at least one member of poor families whose monthly income is less than Rs 6,000 a month, she said. The state government is providing Rs 2 lakh to each beneficiary in three instalments to set up and run micro and small industrial and processing units, Preyashi said. The government's objective is promotion of MSMEs through awareness, training and handholding support, the Industries secretary said. The state government is encouraging entrepreneurs and investors through the provision of a safe and sound work environment and basic infrastructural facilities which include land, roads, electricity, and water availability, she said. The Industries secretary further said, "With new policies of the state government, Bihar is witnessing significant investment promotion activities, reinforcing its position as an emerging business and industrial hub in the country. During the Bihar Business Connect 2023, 278 companies signed MoUs, committing to investments totalling Rs 50,530 crore." the secretary said. The state government has implemented the Bihar Industrial Investment Promotion Policy (BIPP), Bihar Logistics Policy 2023, Ethanol Production Incentive Policy 2021 and Textile and Leather Policy 2022 to promote industrial growth and investment in the state. "Under these policies, stage-1 clearance was given to 481 applications, with a proposed investment amount of Rs 4,512.85 crore. A total of 175 units were given clearance for financial incentives with an investment of Rs 2,195.10 crore, an all-time high, since the inception of the state investment promotion policies," she said. In 2023-24, 255 startups were recognized in the state and a total of Rs 11.92 crore has been disbursed as seed funding to these startups. From April 2023 to January 2024, Bihar Industrial Area Development Authority (BIADA) allotted plots/sheds to 427 units having a total investment size of Rs 6,145 crore covering 492 acres of land and also creating 35,224 employment in the state, said the secretary. "Infrastructure development in industrial areas was given top priority. Funds of Rs 409.33 crore were approved under Part I and Rs 212.68 crore for construction of unity mall under special assistance to states in 2023-24. In the current financial year of 2024-25,149 units have been granted stage I clearance for a proposed investment amount in Rs 3,950.48 crore in Bihar State Investment Promotion Board", she said. At present, Bihar's proposal to establish a multi-sector Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in Nawanagar and Kumarbagh has been approved by the Government of India. "Authorities concerned are also working on the establishment of Export Promotion Councils (EPCs) in Bihar that will help Bihari Exporters to expand their businesses to international markets", said the secretary. Bihar Chief Minister <keyword id="19907431" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nitish-kumar" source="keywords">Nitish Kumar</keyword> on August 3 this year laid the foundation stone for Rs 1,600 crore cement grinding unit of Ambuja Concrete North Private Limited, a subsidiary of Adani group's Ambuja Cements, in Warisaliganj block in Nawada district. This is considered the largest investment in the state by a cement industry player. "The project is expected to create 250 direct jobs and 1,000 indirect jobs on the site. The project will meet the growing infrastructure needs of Bihar. Adani Group has decided to invest additional Rs 5,500 crore in Bihar in various sectors, including cement manufacturing (in Muzaffarpur), logistics (near Patna) and projects related to agro-industry in Araria, Kishanganj and Begusarai. A total of 40,000 employment will be generated by these investments", said the statement issued by the CMO after the conclusion of the event on August 4.

Bihar government disburses Rs 2,900 crore to 74,540 beneficiaries for promoting MSMEs: Official

<keyword id="4625572" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-renewable-energy-development-agency" source="Orion">Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency</keyword> Ltd (<keyword id="391336" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ireda" source="Orion">IREDA</keyword>) has opened an office in <keyword id="6424024" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gift-city" source="Orion">GIFT City</keyword> at Gandhinagar which will specialise in providing debt options denominated in <keyword id="90766" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="foreign-currencies" source="Orion">foreign currencies</keyword> to facilitate natural hedging and significantly reduce the financing costs for green hydrogen and renewable energy manufacturing projects, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy said on Thursday. The strategic initiative which would contribute to the country's journey towards a greener future was highlighted by IREDA chairman and managing director (CMD) Pradip Kumar Das at a panel discussion on 'Future Growth Opportunities for Long Duration <keyword id="1609428" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="energy-storage" source="Orion">Energy Storage</keyword>', held at the World Future Energy Summit 2024 in Abu Dhabi on Wednesday. The IREDA CMD emphasised the critical role that energy storage will play in achieving the <keyword id="13194051" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="national-green-hydrogen" source="Orion">National Green Hydrogen</keyword> Mission's ambitious target of producing over 5 million metric tons of hydrogen per annum by 2030. The CMD emphasised the need to enhance research and development efforts to reduce cost and improve the performance of energy storage solutions. It was necessary to implement policies that strengthen the supply chain network, and providing competitive and tailored financial solutions will encourage investment in energy storage projects, he added. India has taken active steps in this direction, which include the formulation of a storage requirement roadmap up to 2047, technology-agnostic storage tenders, and supportive government interventions for battery manufacturing and pumped storage hydropower projects. The Central Electricity Authority of India projects a storage requirement of nearly 400 gigawatt-hours (GWh) by 2030-32, with an estimated investment exceeding Rs 3.5 lakh crore.

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