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<ul><li>India intends to ban <keyword id="659688" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Commercial-Surrogacy">commercial surrogacy</keyword> and recognise altruistic surrogacy through close relatives. </li><li>The business of surrogacy tourism is estimated to be worth $2.3 billion per annum. </li><li>An Indian surrogate can make as much as ₹1.2 million per birth. </li></ul>Thousands of infertile couples across the world are ready to pay millions to rent a womb. That yearning has turned commercial surrogacy into a lucrative business with thousands of fertility clinics cropping up across the country. The business of surrogacy tourism is estimated to be worth $2.3 billion per annum. An Indian surrogate can make as much as ₹1.2 million per birth — high income for women who otherwise work as domestic help et cetera. Women from economically backward sections earn 10 years worth their salary by renting their wombs. However, a debate over unethical practices prompted the government to put an end to the exploitation of poor women. The Surrogacy Bill, 2019 is one of the key bills that will be introduced in parliament’s winter session starting from November 18, 2019. The Surrogacy Bill, 2019 The Surrogacy Bill, 2019 aims to ban commercial surrogacy and allow altruistic surrogacy for Indian citizens. Altruistic surrogacy says that surrogates should not be monetarily rewarded. However it covers medical expenses and insurance during the pregnancy. In 2016, the government presented the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016 and received several recommendations from the Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare. Later, the bill lapsed when the Lok Sabha dissolved. The government then replaced the 2016 bill with The Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill 2019 and introduced it in the Lok Sabha on July 15, 2019. No single parent, unmarried, live-in or gay couples please The Surrogacy Bill, 2019 doesn’t allow unmarried, gay, live-in couples or single parents to go in even for an altruistic surrogacy. The couple will have to prove that they are married and one of them medically unfit to reproduce naturally. The bill also prohibits couple having biological children to use surrogacy. “The certificate of eligibility to the intending couple is issued upon the fulfilment of the following conditions: (i) the couple being Indian citizens and married for at least five years; (ii) between 23 to 50 years old (wife) and 26 to 55 years old (husband); (iii) they do not have any surviving child (biological,adopted or surrogate), except if the child is mentally or physically challenged or suffers from a life threatening disorder; and (iv) such other conditions that may be specified through regulations,” said the bill. Surrogate mothers should be close relatives The bill also lays down several eligibility criteria to be a surrogate mother. The bill says surrogate mothers can rent womb only once. And they should have given birth to children before that. Surrogate mothers cannot be a foreign national, or a non-resident Indian. “To obtain a certificate of eligibility from the appropriate authority, the surrogate mother has to: (i) be a close relative of the intending couple; (ii) be an even married woman having a child of her own; (iii) be 25 to 35 years old; (iv) not have been a surrogate mother earlier; and (iv) have a certificate of medical and psychological fitness. Further, the surrogate mother cannot provide her own gametes for surrogacy,” said the bill. A blowback to the IVF centres The bill will be a setback for all the IVF centres in the country which earn millions through facilitating surrogacy. These IVF clinics charge between ₹10-12 lakhs from a couple for an entire surrogacy package. After India legalised surrogacy in 2002, the business of fertility clinics flourished and surrogacy tourism boomed. The country now has 3,000 clinics and then unregulated industry is wider and deeper, spread across the country.

India moves to regulate the thriving business of commercial surrogacy

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="11892747" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>'s commercial <keyword id="12102752" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="surrogacy" source="Orion">surrogacy</keyword> market was estimated to be worth $375 million before it was banned.</li><li>As people look overseas, the former Soviet state of <keyword id="11931393" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="georgia" source="Orion">Georgia</keyword> is emerging as a favorite option.</li></ul>Thousands of aspiring parents from around the world have turned to Dr. Nayana Patel for help.She has delivered more than 1,000 babies from surrogates at the Akanksha Clinic in Anand, in western India. Her prominence within Indian surrogacy led to her being interviewed on "<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yW6xM2dZO3Q">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a>" in 2006.But she told Insider that she hadn't had any new work since February. The future of an industry she helped build might lie 2,000 miles away.<div type="image" title="Photo of a woman seated in a chair with her arms across her front" height="274" width="365" msid="92087109" hostid="261"></div>A law banning commercial surrogacy, passed by India's Parliament in December, has upended the sector in a nation that for years was a surrogacy capital. Surrogacy in India was a $375 million business spread across <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/26410397.2021.1878674">3,000 clinics</a> before the ban, doctors, researchers, and legal experts who spoke with Insider estimated.That's almost a tenth of what Global Markets Insights estimates is a <a href="https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/surrogacy-market">$4 billion</a> global market that's expected grow by almost a third by 2027.But the ban is pushing India's chunk of that market — which relies on <a href="https://nhrc.nic.in/sites/default/files/Report_NHRC_Surrogacy_24122018.pdf">affluent Indians</a> at a time when <a href="http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/feb2020/Infertility-An-Alarming-Situation-In-India.pdf">one in six</a> urban couples struggles with infertility — overseas. The former Soviet republic of Georgia, a rare nation where commercial surrogacy is legal and relatively inexpensive, is emerging as a favored destination.Patel recognizes that this means she might soon be flying to Tbilisi, Georgia's capital, to take on cases. "It's only natural for Indian couples to now want to go there for surrogacy," she said. "And clinics there will either bring in experts like me from India or hire local doctors."<a href="https://www.artbaby.in/">ARTbaby</a>, whose motto is "Your baby, our ART," is a surrogacy center<a href="https://www.artbaby.in/"></a> headquartered in New Delhi that's pitching its <a href="https://www.surrogacycentregeorgia.com/surrogacy/georgia-a-surrogacy-in-india-alternative/">Tbilisi facility</a> as an "alternative" for Indians. When asked how it was adapting its business in the wake of the ban, another Indian service provider, Vinsfertility, pointed to its ability to offer surrogacy services in other countries, specifically mentioning Georgia, which it said in a statement to Insider offered a "guaranteed surrogacy program."The promises are working.Five months ago, Ravinder Singh couldn't have placed Georgia on a map, he joked to Insider during an interview. Since India's ban, he and his wife, Meena — who has had three miscarriages — have spent nights poring over surrogacy options outside the country.They settled on Georgia, and in February, they flew to Tbilisi to check out different centers. The couple, who still haven't told most people in their conservative family that they're contemplating surrogacy, told relatives that they were going on a holiday.Once there, they found they weren't alone. "In every single center that we visited, we either met or heard of other Indian couples interested in surrogacy," Singh said. India was the <a href="https://gnta.ge/statistics/">13th-largest source</a> of visitors to Georgia in the first four months of 2022, up from 15th in 2019, Georgian government data indicated — though it's unclear how many of those travelers were exploring surrogacy options.India's ban follows a decade-long debate in the country over the ethics of allowing people to pay women to carry their children.Before the ban, each surrogacy in the country cost about $20,000, said Amit Karkhanis, a lawyer in Mumbai who specializes in contracts between couples and surrogates. In 2012, researchers from The Lancet <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)61933-3/fulltext">estimated</a>, that about 25,000 children were born annually to surrogates in India, and that almost half of them were for foreign parents.In 2015, Prime Minister Narendra Modi's government banned foreigners from using Indian women as commercial surrogates. But the substantial domestic market was left untouched — until last year.The total ban "killed" the domestic surrogate market, said Hari Ramasubramanian, the chief consultant at the Indian Surrogacy Law Centre, a legal consultancy that specializes in the sector.For Georgia, the timing of the ban couldn't have been better. Two alternatives, Nepal and Cambodia, banned the practice in 2015 and 2016, respectively. India's total ban came into effect just as Ukraine, one of the world's most popular surrogacy destinations, was invaded by Russia. And while some Indian service providers are eyeing Kenya — where Vinsfertility also has a center — it can't offer a Georgia-like legal shield for those seeking surrogates. "It's murky in Kenya. There's no law recognizing surrogacy, but officials turn a blind eye," said Sharmila Rudrappa, the director of the South Asia Institute at the University of Texas at Austin and author of "Discounted Life: The Price of Global Surrogacy in India."By contrast, couples face no legal risks in Georgia, she added. Surrogacy there costs more than in India — with one provider citing a price range of <a href="https://www.caresurrogacy.com/care-georgia-program/">$30,000</a> to $39,000 — but significantly less than in the United States, where prices average between <a href="https://www.sensiblesurrogacy.com/surrogacy-costs/">$120,000</a> and $150,000, one group estimated.Georgia legalized surrogacy in 1997. Ravi Sharma, the director of ARTbaby, cited the way Georgia's laws favored adoptive parents as a pull factor: "The surrogate mother has no rights over the child. There is no mention of surrogacy or the surrogate mother on the birth certificate. There is no requirement for a lawyer."<div type="image" title="Man sitting at a desk looking to camera with a laptop in front of him" height="500" width="750" msid="92087112" hostid="261"></div>Other legal experts who spoke with Insider agreed with Sharma's interpretation of the Georgian law — which also helped the country attract some of the international surrogacy market after India's 2015 law barred foreign couples from using Indian surrogates.Many Indians were introduced to Georgia's surrogacy clinics when Lisa Ray, a supermodel and Bollywood actress, <a href="https://www.vogue.in/content/lisa-ray-just-became-a-mother-to-twins-born-via-surrogacy">spoke publicly in 2018</a> about using a Georgian surrogate to deliver her twins. Karkhanis said parents might be vulnerable to legal challenges once they return home if their child was born through commercial surrogacy in another nation. But Georgia's clear laws eliminate that concern, Ramasubramanian said.India's ban doesn't apply to "altruistic surrogacy," where someone carries a couple's child out of goodwill, rather than for payment. But that could be a shield for coercion and exploitation in a society as unequal as India, said Shiromi Chaturvedi, a psychologist whose work and research focused on surrogates."This is going to drive the industry underground," she said. "And surrogates won't even have the little protection they previously had from legal contracts."Once again, Georgia might be the beneficiary as an attractive alternative for Indian surrogates hoping for better pay in safer conditions, said Rudrappa, adding that this could expose vulnerable women to the risks of trafficking."Their shift to Georgia is real," she said. "I'm already starting to hear about it."

India banned commercial surrogacy. Now, parents are flocking to Georgia, a rare nation where it's legal &mdash; and relatively cheap.

There are things that are commercial, and then there are aspects that are purely emotional. India opened doors to liberalisation early this century and we are doing pretty well. Market is not such a dirty word anymore, since it does not just represent capitalist forces. It also holds forth a bouquet of opportunities that can be used for mutual benefit for stakeholders at different levels. 
 When Prime Minister Narendra Modi said ‘<keyword id="6354869" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="make-in-India">Make in India</keyword>’ should be the motto for the next few years, he surely didn’t mean <keyword id="6375354" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="surrogacy">surrogacy</keyword>. But then, the ‘market’ if we can call it that, in surrogacy is so huge that the growth potential is simply astounding. 
 Most <keyword id="2587023" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="surrogacy-clinics">surrogacy clinics</keyword> in India cater mostly to the needs of overseas couples. In the recent times, the number of Indian couples wanting to have children through surrogacy has also increased. The number of clinics offering surrogacy have increased manifold in the first half of this decade. Today, with no legal framework being present to clearly put surrogacy through a proper process, it remains a hazy area, which needs some real bright light. 
 When it comes to surrogacy, the word ‘market’ or ‘demand’ mean something else. They bring forth both poverty of the surrogate, and the buying power of the childless couple who desperately want children. But, when you consider the fact that a <keyword id="23767" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="surrogate-mother">surrogate mother</keyword> often comes or is made to enter the ‘market’ to up her economic status, ruling out the ‘benefit’ factor isn’t easy. 
 
Because, in a country like India, where poverty can force women to become sex workers, an easy prey to commodification, and somewhat unclear rights to safety and security; the economical power surrogacy vests in a surrogate is considerably higher than living an impoverished life. 
 
It is rather noteworthy that the social and biological aspect of India’s baby boomers has a pattern. Set to be the most populated country in the world, India is also home to excellent medical facilities and is in tune with dynamic technology scenario. 
 
Countries like Australia, the US, UK among others have been considering India a safe option for surrogacy considering the social security and a basic ground work that’s thorough as far as the clinics offering this facility are concerned. This is where the majority of the clients also come to have babies with a surrogate, not out of guilt, but with a lot of concern and clear negotiations on several aspects relating to the birth of the child. 
 
And, today Indians have been acknowledging the strides made in this area of reproductive sciences. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) as it is known, has been an answer to nature’s challenge that had left many couples childless in the race of time. 
 
Quite a few number of celebrities such as Bollywood actors Shah Rukh Khan and Aamir Khan have been open about the fact that they have had one child each through surrogacy. With this kind of endorsement, without having to sign up a celebrity for the cause, surrogacy has received quite a bit of boost for its cause. 
 
But, what remains to be seen is whether this attention will turn into a boon or bane for the issue. Given the fact that caesarean sections are much higher than ever before in Indian hospitals, blaming it on the changing socio-economic conditions and anatomy of Indian women who don’t want to risk their lives by going through delivery by nature, experts are wary about surrogacy taking the same turn. Would there be a time when surrogacy would be considered ‘cool’ and ‘convenient’ just because it involves no real labour on part of the woman who wishes to be a mother? 
 
Over a period of time, with the bracket of disposable income climbing steadily, will surrogacy cost less and turn into an occupation? Experts surely assume this scientific stride should be used judiciously and not liberally as a substitute to having a child. 
 
Union minister Harshvardhan has provided an indicator about surrogacy being dealt with more seriousness than before, with his opinion where he said adoption was a better option over surrogacy. Will this mean India will stop being a ‘market’? Answers aren't forthcoming yet. 
Image: indiatimes

Rent-A-Womb In India Still Shrouded In Legal Confusions

<ul><li><keyword id="830092" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Zomato">Zomato</keyword> announced a 26-week paid <keyword id="1956710" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="parental-leave">parental leave</keyword> for men, women and same-sex partners. </li><li>The benefits also extend to non-birthing parents, like those in the cases of surrogacy or adoption. </li><li>The new parents will also receive a $1,000 bonus per child.</li></ul>Indian foodtech unicorn Zomato has today announced an inclusive parental leave policy for new parents. Breaking barriers, the startup introduced a 26-week leave for both men and women and also non-birthing parents Including same-sex partners, surrogacy and adoption. Not just that, the startup has also announced a $1,000 bonus per child for new parents. The newly introduced policy also holds true for employees of Zomato who have had kids in the last six months. The financial benefits come in as primary-childcare costs have skyrocketed in India. Zomato founder, Deepinder Goyal took to Twitter to share the announcement. “One core issue that leads to fewer women leaders in organisations, the community, and the nation is the lack of universal paid parental leave. Currently, it is hard for women to lead a healthy family life and focus on their careers, leading to a lot of women leaving their jobs or putting their careers on the back burner. This results in a pressing lack of diversity across all levels of the organization, and needs to be solved proactively,” Goyal said in a blogpost. This comes as a welcome step in the Indian corporate setup, where even today only select companies offer a paid parental leave for men. To encourage the LGBTQ community at the workplace, it is extremely important to offer benefits for same-sex partners, a step that Zomato has rightly taken. Zomato which operates in 13 countries globally, is going to its parental leave policy take forward, there too. “For women across the globe (we have teams in 13 countries as we speak), we will be offering 26 weeks paid leave, or will follow the government mandated policy, whichever is more. We will be offering exactly the same benefits to men as well,” Goyal wrote. See Also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/ubers-ipo-filing-in-the-us-cites-ola-zomato-and-swiggy-as-threats-to-its-india-business/articleshow/68882407.cms">Uber’s IPO filing in the US cites Ola, Zomato, and Swiggy as threats to its India business</a>

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India moves to regulate the thriving business of commercial surrogacy

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India banned commercial surrogacy. Now, parents are flocking to Georgia, a rare nation where it's legal and relatively cheap.

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Rent-A-Womb In India Still Shrouded In Legal Confusions

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Zomato announces a 26-week paid leave for parents of all genders, sexualities – $1000 bonus per child for new parents

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