<ul class="summary-list"><li>Since 2011, hairdressers have increasingly complained that Brazilian blowouts, salon hair-straightening treatments that use heat and contain the chemical formaldehyde, were giving them headaches, nausea, and throat irritation.</li><li><keyword id="6354656" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="fda">FDA</keyword> scientists looked into these treatments and concluded there should be a ban on formaldehyde in cosmetic treatments like the Brazilian blowout.</li><li>But emails obtained by the New York Times reportedly show the FDA ignored suggestions for a ban and has moved onto other cosmetics research, despite evidence the treatment was dangerous.</li></ul><p>Despite scientists' warnings over the danger of Brazilian blowouts, a popular type of chemical <keyword id="23927" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Hair">hair</keyword> treatment that semi-permanently straightens any hair texture, the FDA has yet to crack down on the beauty treatment.</p><p>Many of these hair treatments have been <a href="https://www.americanchemistry.com/ProductsTechnology/Flame-Retardants/Position-Statement-of-the-American-Chemistry-Councils-Formaldehyde-Panel-on-the-Formaldehyde-Conten.pdf">shown to contain formaldehyde</a> or ingredients that convert to formaldehyde  — a chemical that can cause a person <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK217652/">headaches, nausea, nosebleeds</a>, burning of the eyes, and <a href="https://www.insider.com/brazilian-blowdry-cause-hairdressers-deadly-breathing-condition-2020-1">difficulty breathing</a> if they're exposed to it — upon air exposure.</p><p>The chemical, which is also found in wood-burning stoves, kerosene heaters, and pressed-wood products like particle board, has been <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde/formaldehyde-fact-sheet">classified as a human carcinogen</a> by the The International Agency for Research on Cancer. People whose <a href="https://www.insider.com/jobs-linked-to-higher-risk-of-cancer-2019-7">jobs require they be exposed</a> to formaldehyde have shown they have an <a href="https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/formaldehyde">increased risk for rare nose and throat cancers</a> and myeloid leukemia.</p><p>Despite these risks and years-old recommendations from agency scientists to ban Brazilian blowouts, the FDA hasn't taken action.</p><h2>From a 'priority' to silence</h2><p>According to an <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/health/brazilian-blowout-formaldehyde-fda.html?referringSource=articleShare">investigation</a> from New York Times reporter Roni Caryn Rabin, email correspondence between FDA scientists and agency leaders show that blowout <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword> concerns were flagged as early as 2014.</p><p>That year, FDA cosmetics-division scientists were in the process of formally analyzing the risks associated with formaldehyde-containing beauty products.</p><p>In June 2015, cosmetics division director Dr. Nakissa Sadrieh called the analysis a "priority" and that "this project is completed within expected timeline," as an increasing number of hairdressers who'd been regularly exposed to Brazilian blowouts complained to the FDA of migraines, blurred vision, and throat irritation, emails the New York Times obtained show. </p><p>"This is a very big deal for us, and for the public," one FDA scientist wrote in an email addressed to her colleagues on July 26, 2016.</p><p>Though Sadrieh's team completed the analysis and its findings convinced her to propose a formaldehyde ban, as more emails showed, it never happened.</p><p>After December 2016, the FDA seemed to go silent on the issue, despite suggesting they'd be on the case.</p><p>The Environmental Working Group, a non-profit that advocates for environmental and human health, requested any of the FDA's internal correspondence on the matter, but the agency hasn't fulfilled that request to this day.</p><p>When Rabin reached out to multiple FDA officials about their lack of response, they denied comment or ignored her questions on the topic.</p><h2>The FDA cited a shift in focus to other cosmetics as reason for its inaction</h2><p>One FDA spokesperson told Rabin there wasn't a ban because the FDA is considering other "potential actions," though the spokesperson didn't cite what others the other routes could be.</p><p>The spokesperson also told Rabin that the agency's cosmetics division has turned to other products, like tattoo ink, talc, and makeup allergens, for the time being.</p><p>For now, salons are still allowed to use blowouts that contain the chemical. Though some businesses have tried to limit employee formaldehyde, using the treatment only in well-ventilated areas or on specific days, salon workers have said the FDA's inaction has made it hard for them to advocate for their health and safety.</p><p>"When I would try to speak up about this, my co-workers always said, 'If it was that bad for you, it wouldn't be legal,'" Emily Baedeker, a hair dresser in Alameda, California told the Times.</p><p>If she was in the salon while a customer was getting a Brazilian blowout, Baedeker would get migraines.</p><p>"The assumption is that there is an invisible safety net that protects us," she said.</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li><strong>Read more:</strong></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/brazilian-blowdry-cause-hairdressers-deadly-breathing-condition-2020-1">A hairdresser developed a deadly breathing condition after performing Brazilian blowdries with heavy-duty salon products</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/pseudoscience-lyme-disease-treatments-injuring-killing-patients-2020-10">'Reckless' Lyme disease treatments are injuring and killing patients as alternative doctors get 'certified' to treat the illness, report finds</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/people-believe-conspiracy-theories-if-they-are-detached-narcissistic-2020-10">People are more likely to believe conspiracy theories if they are anxious, detached, or narcissistic, researchers find</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/things-you-should-shouldnt-say-to-someone-who-has-cancer-2020-9">Things you shouldn't say to someone who has cancer, and what to say instead</a></li></ul>

The FDA ignored its own scientists' advice to ban 'toxic' Brazilian blowdries, according to a report

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Insider asked <keyword id="29496" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Makeup">makeup</keyword> artists, beauty-industry pros, and dermatologists for the <keyword id="1737313" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Best-and-Worst">best and worst</keyword> <keyword id="2433816" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="beauty-trends">beauty trends</keyword> of 2020.</li><li>One expert said bold, colorful eyeshadow works well with face masks.</li><li>Makeup that has beneficial skin-care properties is also a winning 2020 trend. </li><li>One pro is hoping eyelash extensions disappear in 2021 because they can be hard to maintain and come with risks.</li></ul><p>This year has been full of changes, and <keyword id="6354629" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="beauty">beauty</keyword> trends have been no exception. </p><p>Insider asked <a href="https://www.insider.com/things-people-who-work-in-beauty-stores-hate-2020-2">makeup experts</a> and dermatologists for their favorite beauty trends of the year so far, plus which ones they'll be happy to leave in 2020.</p><p>Read on to see the best and <a href="https://www.insider.com/worst-beauty-trends-of-the-past-decade-2019-11">worst ones. </a></p><h2><strong>Bold eyeshadow can perfectly complement a face mask</strong></h2><p><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/doreenbloch/">Doreen Bloch</a>, executive director of the <a href="https://makeupmuseum.com">Makeup Museum</a> in New York City, told Insider that bright and bold eyeshadows are one of her favorite makeup trends of the year. </p><p>"Thanks to mask wearing in 2020, the spotlight has been placed on the eyes," said Bloch. "Beauty lovers of all ages and styles are embracing bolder colors on their eyelids and I love it."</p><p>If you're hesitant about sporting bright eyeshadow, try sweeping a deeper, saturated hue across your lids such as burgundy, emerald green, or navy blue.</p><p><strong><div type="image" title="applying mascara colorful eyeshadow" height="2657" width="3543" msid="79395235" hostid="261"></div></strong></p><h2><strong>Bakuchiol is a rising anti-aging star</strong></h2><p>Retinol has dominated the anti-aging scene for years, but bakuchiol - a plant-based retinol alternative - has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bakuchiol-skin-care-products">recently moved into the spotlight.</a></p><p>"Bakuchiol is gentler than retinol and helps to even skin complexion," said Bloch. "Plus it's safe to use while pregnant or breastfeeding, while retinol <a href="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/isotretinoin-and-other-retinoids-during-pregnancy.aspx">is not</a>."</p><p>The bakuchiol used in cosmetics is usually extracted from parts of the <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/life/wellness/everything-you-need-to-know-about-bakuchiol-the-buzzy-ingredient-that-s-being-compared-to-retinol-1.5021457">Psoralea corylifolia plant</a> and <a href="https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/jmf.2009.1207">has been shown</a> to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. </p><h2><strong>Makeup as <keyword id="40573" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="skin-care">skin care</keyword> is an enduring beauty trend</strong></h2><p>Emmy-nominated makeup artist <a href="https://uttermusings.com/about-makeup-artist-kerrin-jackson-utter-musings-beauty-tips-art-travel-gardening/">Kerrin Jackson</a> told Insider that she approves of next-generation makeup that doubles as skin care. </p><p>"I'm 100% behind makeup products that <a href="https://www.insider.com/flight-attendants-recommended-beauty-products-2019-10">contain skin-care ingredients</a>," said Jackson. "I love the idea of healing skin with products used to decorate it." </p><p>Products that straddle the line between makeup and skin care include BB and CC creams, sheer lip balms with a hint of color, and primers with moisturizing properties. </p><h2><strong>Barely-there makeup continues to be popular </strong></h2><p>Minimal makeup looks have been popular for a while, and celebrity makeup artist <a href="https://www.instagram.com/jamiemakeup/">Jamie Greenberg</a> told Insider that she doesn't see this trend slowing down. </p><p>"I love the look of <a href="https://www.insider.com/do-kylie-skin-products-actually-work-2019-6">clean, breathable skin</a>," she said. "People seem to be more interested than ever in achieving a bare-faced makeup style."</p><p>Greenberg recommended using a damp makeup sponge to apply liquid foundation <a href="https://www.insider.com/foundation-mistakes-that-are-ruining-your-makeup-2018-6">if you want to achieve a dewy, natural look. </a></p><h2><strong>Dermatologists have been loving products designed to protect against pollution</strong></h2><p>Dermatologist <a href="https://www.mdcsnyc..com/provider/marisa-k-garshick-md">Marisa Garshick</a> told Insider that she's on board with new skin-care products designed to shield skin from harmful pollution, which <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2014.00011/full">has been linked</a> to allergic reactions, acne, and even skin cancer. </p><p>"More products are being formulated to protect the skin from pollution, which may lead to free radical damage and negative skin changes," said Garshick.</p><h2><strong>Applying natural-looking blush is back in style</strong></h2><p>Greenberg told Insider that dramatic contouring took a backseat to a more natural blush application this year. </p><p>"Natural glow on the cheeks came back in a major way in 2020. Less is definitely more when it comes to blush," she said. </p><p>Choosing a buildable, blendable blush color that closely matches the color of your naturally flushed skin is key to achieving a subtle rosy glow. </p><p><strong><div type="image" title="blush makeup display" height="2300" width="3060" msid="79395239" hostid="261"></div></strong></p><h2><strong>Niacinamide is a trending skin-care ingredient that's likely to stick around</strong></h2><p>There's been a lot of beauty buzz around <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-niacinamide-serums">niacinamide</a>, a form of vitamin B3 with the potential to soothe skin, hydrate it, and make it look more even. </p><p>"Niacinamide supports the skin barrier, reducing inflammation and redness caused by acne and rosacea," said Garshick. </p><h2><strong>On the other hand, lash extensions can damage your natural lashes</strong></h2><p>Dermatologist <a href="https://smartstyletoday.com/about/#advisors">Anna H. Chacon</a>, advisor for Smart Style Today, told Insider that she's ready for the lash-extension trend to fade away. </p><p>"Lash extensions are my least favorite beauty trend of 2020," said Chacon. "They're so high-maintenance and can weaken your natural lashes over time."</p><p>Getting extensions can also come with some <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/eye-health/eyelash-extensions-pros-and-cons#risks">negative side effects</a>, like swelling or allergic reactions to the glue. </p><p>If you're longing for lusher lashes, an ophthalmologist-approved mascara or lash regrowth serum can help you achieve a similar look with less fuss. </p><h2><strong>Floating eyeliner can be hard to pull off</strong></h2><p>The floating eyeliner trend involves <a href="https://www.insider.com/ariana-grandes-beauty-routine-2018-8">applying eyeliner</a> above the natural lash line on the upper eyelid.</p><p>The technique popped up on beauty blogs and catwalks in 2020, but Jackson dismissed the avant-garde look as difficult to wear. </p><p>"Unless you're on a runway, you shouldn't attempt to wear a line halfway up your eyelid," said Jackson. "It usually ends up looking like your eyeliner transferred upwards because you opened your eyes before the product was dry."</p><div type="image" title="pots of glitter sparkles makeup" height="2666" width="3554" msid="79395243" hostid="261"></div><h2><strong>Even biodegradable glitter can be bad for the environment</strong></h2><p>Some beauty fans may already know that conventional glitter and glittery makeup products <a href="https://www.insider.com/why-glitter-is-bad-for-the-environment-2019-3">can harm the environment</a>, but Boch noted that even glitter marketed as "eco-friendly" can be bad for the planet. </p><p>"New reports show that even biodegradable glitter ends up in rivers and oceans," said Bloch. </p><p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389420320604?via%3Dihub">For example, a recent study set to be</a> published in the Journal of Hazardous Materials suggests that biodegradable glitter can also cause damage in aquatic ecosystems.</p><h2><strong>Eyeball tattoos are a potentially dangerous beauty trend</strong></h2><p>This eyeball modification, also known as a scleral tattoo, involves applying ink directly to the white of the eye. The trend made headlines throughout 2020 for causing <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/offbeat/model-loses-eyesight-after-getting-eyeballs-tattooed-black-2189043">blindness</a> and getting <a href="https://leaderpost.com/news/saskatchewan/saskatchewan-bans-eyeball-tattoos">banned</a> in some parts of the world.</p><p>"These kinds of eye tattoos can potentially result in blindness or long-term damage to the eye," said Bloch. </p><p>According to the <a href="https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eyeball-tattoos-are-even-worse-than-they-sound">American Academy of Ophthalmology</a>, scleral tattoos can cause a temporary or permanent decrease in vision, retinal detachment, infection, light sensitivity, and a persistent feeling that something is in the eye. </p><p>In extreme cases, botched scleral tattoos can lead to the <a href="https://www.livescience.com/60572-eyeball-tattoo-risks.html">loss of the entire eye.</a></p><div type="image" title="purple gel nails manicure design" height="2994" width="3992" msid="79395249" hostid="261"></div><h2><strong>Japanese hard gel nails can be difficult to remove</strong></h2><p>Japanese hard gel manicures utilize <a href="https://www.elle.com.au/beauty/japanese-gel-nails-22867">cosmetic-grade products</a> to create vivid designs that can last longer than other manicure types. </p><p>Unfortunately, Chacon said, this kind of gel treatment can be tough to properly maintain, especially if you want to try it at home and don't have access to a pro. </p><p>"It's very difficult to remove <a href="https://www.insider.com/bad-nail-habits-ruining-your-nails-2018-10">if not done by an expert with the right tools</a>, and there are extremely few salons equipped to do it correctly," said Chacon. </p><h2><strong>At-home pimple extractions may damage the skin</strong></h2><p>Garshick told Insider that attempting dermatological treatments on your own <a href="https://www.insider.com/things-that-happen-when-you-pop-your-pimples-2018-10">can lead to skin damage</a>. </p><p>"The occasional facial can be <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-figure-out-your-skin-type-2019-4">a great way to pamper yourself</a>, but it's best not to pop your own pimples or pick at your skin," said Garshick.</p><p>Scheduling a virtual consultation with a dermatologist may be a safer way to address skin concerns without leaving your home.</p><p><strong>Read More:</strong></p><p><a href="https://www.insider.com/the-best-and-worst-fashion-trends-of-the-year-2020-2">Stylists reveal the best and worst fashion trends of the year, so far</a></p><p><a href="https://www.insider.com/wedding-advice-best-and-worst-trends-2021">6 wedding trends that will start to disappear by 2021, and 9 you'll see everywhere</a></p><p><a href="https://www.insider.com/the-most-popular-films-released-in-2020-reviewed-ranked">31 of the most popular movies of the year, ranked from worst to best</a></p>

7 beauty trends experts want to disappear by 2021, and 6 you'll probably see everywhere

Effective November 2, <keyword id="87" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Germany">Germany</keyword>'s federal and state governments have agreed to introduce sweeping contact restrictions on everyday life to curb the steep rise of COVID-19 infections, the German Press Agency (DPA) reported.<br /><br />Only members of the same household plus those of an additional household with a maximum of ten people would be allowed to meet in public, the dpa learned from a video conference Chancellor Angela Merkel held with the minister presidents of the federal states.<br /><br />Entertainment and leisure activities would be largely prohibited throughout Germany as theaters, operas and concert venues would have to close until the end of the month, according to the dpa. The ban would also apply to bars and restaurants.<br /><br />Shops are to remain open, although they will not be allowed to let in more than one customer per 10 square meters, dpa said. Cosmetic studios, massage parlours and tattoo studios will have to close, but hairdressers can stay open under strict hygiene conditions, Xinhua news agency reported on Wednesday.<br /><br />Schools and kindergartens are to remain open, but will be required to introduce new hygiene protocols, according to dpa.<br /><br />During the partial lockdown in November, Minister of Finance Olaf Scholz and Economic Affairs Minister Peter Altmaier sought to reimburse companies particularly affected by the coronavirus crisis with up to 75 percent of lost revenues, Germany's largest newspaper Bild reported.<br /><br />Health Minister Jens Spahn told the German public broadcaster SWR on Wednesday that it was time to break the COVID-19 wave now. "When the intensive care units are full, it is too late."<br /><br />Priority should be given to keep daycare centres for children and schools open and to ensure that the economy could continue to operate, which is important to secure jobs in Germany, according to Spahn. Social contacts, on the other hand, would have to be reduced, particularly in the leisure sector and in private life.<br /><br />As the world is struggling to contain the pandemic, countries including Germany, France, China, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are racing to find a vaccine.<br /><br />According to the website of the World Health Organization, as of October 19, there were 198 COVID-19 candidate vaccines being developed worldwide, and 44 of them were in clinical trials.

Germany introduces strict 'contact restrictions' to tackle the rising number of coronavirus cases

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="13197939" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="white-spots" source="Orion">White spots</keyword> on your lips can be a sign of milla — harmless bumps that will resolve in a few weeks.</li><li>The herpes simplex virus can cause white spots on the mouth that turn into blisters or sores. </li></ul><p>White spots on the lips are common and they can vary in size and shape. Some are asymptomatic and will go away on their own, while others can cause pain or burning and may require treatment.</p><p>In most cases, they are natural and harmless, such as fordyce spots, but some may be painful, irritated, and long-lasting, which could be a sign of something more serious, like cancer. </p><p>Either way, it's important to determine the cause so you know whether or not treatment is necessary and if your <keyword id="11894571" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health" source="Orion">health</keyword> is at risk. </p><p>Here are six reasons for white spots on your lips and how to treat them.</p><h2>1. Milia</h2><p><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560481/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Milia</a> are small, hard, white bumps which are filled with trapped keratin beneath the surface of your skin, says <a href="https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/find-a-doctor/susan-massick-md-4575" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Susan Massick, MD</a>, dermatologist and associate professor in the Division of Dermatology at <a href="https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center</a>. </p><p><strong>Medical term:</strong> <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/10978-skin#" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Keratin</a> is a type of protein that helps make up your skin cells.</p><p>The bumps are usually very small, typically <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560481/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">less than three millimeters wide</a>, and are dome-shaped and smooth. </p><p>Milla can spontaneously occur and they are normal, harmless, and common, Massick says. </p><p><strong>Treatment: </strong>Since milia aren't harmful and often <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560481/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">resolve on their own</a> within a few weeks to a few months, treatment isn't always necessary, says Massick.</p><p>However, if you are bothered by the appearance of the milia or if it won't go away, Massick says your dermatologist can:</p><ul><li>Make a tiny incision in order to extract it. </li><li>Treat it with an electric needle.</li><li>Prescribe topical retinoids if you have multiple milia and it's a recurring issue. </li></ul><h2>2. Fordyce spots </h2><p>Fordyce spots are slightly enlarged sebaceous glands (oil glands) on the lips, says <a href="https://www.schweigerderm.com/providers/jason-h-miller-m-d/https://www.schweigerderm.com/providers/jason-h-miller-m-d/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Jason Miller, MD,</a> board-certified dermatologist at <a href="https://www.schweigerderm.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Schweiger Dermatology Group</a>. </p><p>The spots are very tiny, slightly raised, around <a href="https://www.aocd.org/page/FordyceSpots" target="_blank" rel="noopener">one to three millimeters in size</a>, and often appear in clusters or patches. They can range from white to yellowish, and it may be easier to see them when you stretch out your skin.</p><p>Fordyce spots are typically asymptomatic. They are harmless, but some people may be bothered by their appearance, says Miller.</p><p><strong>Treatment</strong>: Treatment isn't necessary unless it's a cosmetic concern. In this case, Miller says <a href="https://www.aocd.org/page/FordyceSpots" target="_blank" rel="noopener">treatment</a> involves cauterization or lasers to reduce the appearance of the spots.</p><h2>3. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)</h2><p>Herpes simplex virus causes white spots on the lips that turn into <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cold sores</a>. These sores appear in three stages:</p><ol><li>You may feel a tingling or burning sensation before these spots crop up, signaling that an outbreak is on its way. </li><li>White spots appear, typically somewhere on the edge of the lips </li><li>These white spots blister, scab, and crust over — resulting in a cold sore. </li></ol><p>After your first cold sore outbreak, HSV will typically recur in the same location if you're exposed to <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cold sore triggers</a> like stress, viral infections, fevers, or hormonal changes. </p><p><strong>Treatment: </strong>The most common treatment is oral antiviral medications, says Massick. These may be taken to shorten the course of your outbreak. You can also try <a href="https://www.insider.com/cold-sore-on-lip" target="_blank" rel="noopener">at-home treatments</a> such as:</p><ul><li>Docosanol (Abreva), an over-the-counter topical cold sore treatment</li><li>Prescription antiviral medication</li><li>Numbing gels such as benzocaine or lidocaine to reduce burning and itching</li><li>Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen</li><li>Avoiding acidic, spicy, or salty foods</li><li>Applying cold, wet compresses</li></ul><p>HSV is <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cold-sore/symptoms-causes/syc-20371017" target="_blank" rel="noopener">highly contagious, especially when blisters are present</a>, so when you have a cold sore you should avoid kissing or other close skin-to-skin contact, as well as sharing items like utensils.</p><h2>4. Oral thrush (Candidiasis) </h2><p>Oral thrush, or <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/index.html#" target="_blank" rel="noopener">candidiasis</a>, is a fungal infection due to an overgrowth of yeast. This condition most commonly results in white bumps and patches inside the mouth or on the tongue, but occasionally it can present on the lips or corners of the mouth, as well, Massick says.  </p><p>You may also experience additional <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">symptoms</a> such as:</p><ul><li>Redness</li><li>Cottony feeling inside the mouth</li><li>Pain when you eat or swallow</li><li>Decreased sense of taste</li></ul><p><strong>Treatment: </strong>Prescription <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/thrush/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">antifungal medications</a> are necessary to clear up the infection. In milder cases, treatment is usually a topical antifungal medicine, but in more persistent infections, especially in people who are immunocompromised, oral systemic antifungal medications may be necessary, says Massick. </p><h2>5. Vitiligo</h2><p><a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12419-vitiligo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Vitiligo</a> is a chronic autoimmune condition that results in the loss of pigment in the skin, leaving behind smooth, white spots or patches, says Miller. The condition can begin at any age, but it will most commonly pop up between the ages of <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12419-vitiligo" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10 and 30</a>.  </p><p>These spots vary greatly in size. They can be as small as five millimeters, which are called macules, or they can be larger, widening out over time. <br /><br />They happen when the immune system attacks and destroys melanocytes, which are cells responsible for skin pigment production. While this phenomenon can occur anywhere on the body, it commonly occurs on the face, including the lips, Miller says. </p><p><strong>Treatment: </strong>There isn't a cure for the condition but you can try treatments to restore pigment. Miller says the most common treatments are topical anti-inflammatory medications (corticosteroids) and light/laser therapies. Other types of vitiligo treatments include:</p><ul><li>Topical immunomodulators (which suppress the immune response locally)</li><li>Topical vitamin D analogs (which modulate the body's inflammatory and immune responses locally)</li><li>Skin graft surgery</li><li>Micropigmentation with tattooing</li></ul><h2>6. Skin cancer</h2><p>The most serious potential cause for white spots on the lips is cancer. The most common type of cancer found on the lips is <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lip-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20355079" target="_blank" rel="noopener">squamous cell carcinoma</a>, says Miller. This cancer accounts for <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/2583376#" target="_blank" rel="noopener">up to 30%</a> of all oral cancers.</p><p>"Persistent white or red scaly patches that do not resolve on the lips could be a sign of early skin cancer, particularly in patients with history of extensive sun exposure, sunburns and smoking," says Massick. These patches may be flat or raised.</p><p>If your white spots are persistent and don't improve or resolve, Massick says some red flags are if the spots:</p><ul><li>Are painful</li><li>Bleed easily</li><li>Are growing</li><li>Are accompanied by oral or throat pain </li></ul><p>These are signs that you should seek medical evaluation. <br /><br /><strong>Treatment</strong>: First, there must be a biopsy of the lesion to confirm if the spot is cancerous, says Miller. If it is, <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lip-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355080" target="_blank" rel="noopener">treatment options</a> include:</p><ul><li>Surgical removal</li><li>Chemotherapy</li><li>Radiation therapy</li><li>Immunotherapy</li><li>Targeted drug therapy</li></ul><h2>Insider's takeaway</h2><p>The causes of white spots on your lips can vary greatly from something temporary and harmless like milia to something more serious and dangerous, such as cancer. </p><p>If you're concerned about the appearance of the white spots on your lips, or if you're experiencing any discomfort, see your dermatologist so you can get a proper diagnosis and decide on the best course of treatment, if necessary.</p>

6 surprising reasons why white spots appear on your lips

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5d09556423cf0912a118f8be-1067/chemicals in cosmetics are endocrine disruptors.jpg" border="0" alt="chemicals in cosmetics are endocrine disruptors" data-mce-source="Sergei Bobylev/TASS via Getty Images" data-mce-caption="A participant in the 2018 Miss Russia National Beauty Contest has her makeup applied ahead of the final show at the Barvikha Luxury Village concert hall near Moscow." /></div></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Trace amounts of asbestos were <a href="https://www.insider.com/jojo-siwa-claires-makeup-asbestos-video-2019-6">recently found in eye shadow</a> and concealer.</li><li>The US beauty industry is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asbestos-in-makeup-chemicals-in-beauty-products-2019-3">barely regulated</a>, and the US has not enacted new cosmetic regulations in over eight decades.</li><li>Some products may be safe, but many are untested. "Natural" labels mean little, and the products aren't necessarily better for your health.</li><li>Here are the risky chemicals that could lurk in your products.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul><p>Toxic makeup is nothing new: The ancient Greeks used <a href="https://www.cidjournal.com/article/S0738-081X(01)00194-8/pdf">heavy metals on their skin</a>, and Egyptian queens wore black kohl eye makeup that was made with lead.  </p><p>But last week, trace amounts of asbestos - a known cancer causer - were <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asbestos-in-makeup-chemicals-in-beauty-products-2019-3">found in concealer as well as sparkly makeup marketed to kids at Claire's</a>, a reminder that<span> toxic chemicals and compounds still lurk in beauty products. </span><span>In March, Claire's also <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asbestos-in-makeup-chemicals-in-beauty-products-2019-3">voluntarily recalled some of its eye shadow and face powder</a> after asbestos was found in those products as well.</span></p><p><span>The issue isn't limited to cosmetics: <a href="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-compliance-enforcement/cosmetics-recalls-alerts">The FDA recently warned</a> about dangerous bacteria in a no-rinse cleansing foam used by hospital patients, alerted tattoo artists about ink contaminated with microorganisms, and found yeast in Young Living essential oils.</span></p><p>In part, these problems arise because US beauty products are largely unregulated.</p><p><span>"The law does not require cosmetic products and ingredients, other than color additives, to have FDA approval before they go on the market," the <a href="https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/cosmetics-laws-regulations/fda-authority-over-cosmetics-how-cosmetics-are-not-fda-approved-are-fda-regulated">US Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) notes. </span></p><p><span>Some toxic ingredients (like asbestos) are inadvertently added during the manufacturing process, while product makers put others in purposefully to help with absorption, shine, shimmer, or a non-greasy feel. Studies suggest that chemicals from the products people put on their faces and bodies can show <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24149971">up later in urine</a>. Certain compounds, especially when mixed together in the body, might <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29467107">up a person's odds of developing cancer</a> or mess with their <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/asbestos-in-makeup-chemicals-in-beauty-products-2019-3">reproductive ability</a>. </span></p><p><span>But it's nearly impossible</span> for consumers to determine what's in cosmetics even by reading the labels, since many compounds can be considered trade secrets and hide in the "parfum" or "fragrance" ingredients on a list.</p><p><span>Alec Batis, a former research chemist who once made hair dyes for the <a href="https://www.loreal.com/brand/professional-products-division/redken">L'Oreal group</a>, is an expert in the risks and benefits of chemicals used in beauty products. </span></p><p><span>Batis, who now works as a paid consultant for beauty companies and recently appeared in a <a href="https://www.whitepinepictures.com/project/toxic-beauty/?v=7516fd43adaa">documentary</a> called "Toxic Beauty," told Business Insider that people should be concerned about some chemicals in products like soap, shampoo, and perfume. But not every formulation is dangerous.</span></p><p><span>"It's not about hating chemicals," Batis said. "Let's understand what this stuff really is."</span></p><p><span>Here's a look at 11 problematic ingredients that are near-universal bathroom vanity staples. </span></p><p class="tagline"><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intelligence/digital-health?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_subscription&amp;itm_content=health&amp;itm_campaign=digital-health"><img src="https://static.businessinsider.com/image/5cf6b11111e205471c5718a4" alt="Join Digital Health Pro" border="0" style="width: 100% !important" /></a></p>

Cancer-causing toxins were just found in foundation and sparkly makeup - here are 11 chemicals that could lurk in your lipstick, lotion, and eye powder

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="9082331" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="jeffree-star">Jeffree Star</keyword> recently posted a steamy picture to <keyword id="819905" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Instagram">Instagram</keyword> with his first new man since breaking up with his long-term boyfriend Nathan Schwandt at the beginning of 2020. </li><li>Star didn't post the man's face, but his visible arm tattoos were enough for the Instagram gossip page The Shade Room to identify him as the basketball player André Marhold.</li><li>Critics were afraid the account was outing a man who may have been closeted, but once his identity was revealed Star began posting pictures of his face, too.</li><li>Star also commented on speculation that he was paying Marhold to pretend to be his boyfriend, writing: "I know it's devastating <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="news">news</keyword> for some people, but I don't give money to anyone I'm dating."</li></ul><p>Jeffree Star may have a new boyfriend. The <keyword id="6354629" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="beauty">beauty</keyword> YouTuber and cosmetics CEO first posted a steamy anonymous photo of himself sitting on the lap of a new man over the weekend, captioning it: "Thankful for all the blessings God has brought into my life this year."</p><p>The man may have been faceless in the picture, but his arm tattoos were visible, and that's apparently all it took for sleuths to figure out it was the <a href="https://www.proballers.com/basketball/player/11154/andre-marhold">basketball player André Marhold</a>, who is playing for a team in Germany and has matching ink.</p><blockquote class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" style="background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px); data.width~540;"><div style="padding:8px;"><div style="background:#F8F8F8; line-height:0; margin-top:40px; padding:62.4537037037% 0; text-align:center; width:100%;"><div style="background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACwAAAAsCAMAAAApWqozAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAAAFzUkdCAK7OHOkAAAAMUExURczMzPf399fX1+bm5mzY9AMAAADiSURBVDjLvZXbEsMgCES5/P8/t9FuRVCRmU73JWlzosgSIIZURCjo/ad+EQJJB4Hv8BFt+IDpQoCx1wjOSBFhh2XssxEIYn3ulI/6MNReE07UIWJEv8UEOWDS88LY97kqyTliJKKtuYBbruAyVh5wOHiXmpi5we58Ek028czwyuQdLKPG1Bkb4NnM+VeAnfHqn1k4+GPT6uGQcvu2h2OVuIf/gWUFyy8OWEpdyZSa3aVCqpVoVvzZZ2VTnn2wU8qzVjDDetO90GSy9mVLqtgYSy231MxrY6I2gGqjrTY0L8fxCxfCBbhWrsYYAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); display:block; height:44px; margin:0 auto -44px; position:relative; top:-22px; width:44px;"></div></div><p style="margin:8px 0 0 0; padding:0 4px;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CENTuqcBApo" style=" color:#000; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none; word-wrap:break-word;" target="_blank">Thankful for all the blessings God has brought into my life this year </a></p> <p style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;">A post shared by  Jeffree Star (@jeffreestar) on Aug 22, 2020 at 3:13pm PDT<time style=" font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px;" datetime="2020-08-22T22:13:34+00:00">Aug 22, 2020 at 3:13pm PDT</time></p></div></blockquote><p>The popular Instagram gossip page The Shade Room first identified the man, and critics angrily suggested that the outlet might have outed Marhold's sexuality.</p><blockquote class="instagram-media" data-instgrm-captioned="" style="background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px); data.width~540;"><div style="padding:8px;"><div style="background:#F8F8F8; line-height:0; margin-top:40px; padding:62.4537037037% 0; text-align:center; width:100%;"><div style="background:url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAACwAAAAsCAMAAAApWqozAAAABGdBTUEAALGPC/xhBQAAAAFzUkdCAK7OHOkAAAAMUExURczMzPf399fX1+bm5mzY9AMAAADiSURBVDjLvZXbEsMgCES5/P8/t9FuRVCRmU73JWlzosgSIIZURCjo/ad+EQJJB4Hv8BFt+IDpQoCx1wjOSBFhh2XssxEIYn3ulI/6MNReE07UIWJEv8UEOWDS88LY97kqyTliJKKtuYBbruAyVh5wOHiXmpi5we58Ek028czwyuQdLKPG1Bkb4NnM+VeAnfHqn1k4+GPT6uGQcvu2h2OVuIf/gWUFyy8OWEpdyZSa3aVCqpVoVvzZZ2VTnn2wU8qzVjDDetO90GSy9mVLqtgYSy231MxrY6I2gGqjrTY0L8fxCxfCBbhWrsYYAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); display:block; height:44px; margin:0 auto -44px; position:relative; top:-22px; width:44px;"></div></div><p style="margin:8px 0 0 0; padding:0 4px;"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CERldmOh2yJ" style=" color:#000; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none; word-wrap:break-word;" target="_blank">#PressPlay: Whew! We found the man that #JeffreeStarr was posted up with, and he’s a professional basketball player overseas, y’all!  (SWIPE)</a></p> <p style=" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;">A post shared by  The Shade Room (@theshaderoom) on Aug 24, 2020 at 7:05am PDT<time style=" font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px;" datetime="2020-08-24T14:05:29+00:00">Aug 24, 2020 at 7:05am PDT</time></p></div></blockquote><p>But Star seemed to appreciate the confirmation, because he began posting pictures of Marhold's face on his Instagram story hours later.</p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet blockquote" data-lang="en" data-cards="" data-conversation="">—Denver  (@_JustDenver) <a href="https://twitter.com/mims/statuses/1297989435502415872?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 24, 2020</a></blockquote><p>"Jeffree Star" trended on Twitter throughout the day as people reacted to Star cozying up with the basketball player. Plenty of people commented with speculation that Star was paying Marhold to pretend to be his boyfriend, which the YouTuber snarkily responded to.</p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet blockquote" data-lang="en" data-cards="" data-conversation="">—Jeffree Star  (@JeffreeStar) <a href="https://twitter.com/mims/statuses/1297949220003934208?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 24, 2020</a></blockquote><p>"I know it's devastating news for some people, but I don't give money to anyone I'm dating or anyone who is f---ing me," Star wrote on Twitter. "Work on your own insecurities sis — I'm not the problem." </p><p>He followed that up with <a href="https://twitter.com/JeffreeStar/status/1297969304378290176">a tweet</a> that said, "Worry about how to pay your own bills, not who's in my mouth."</p><p>Others commented on the fact that Star had a <a href="https://www.bet.com/style/2017/08/17/a-comprehensive-timeline-of-jeffree-star-s-racist-behavior.html">lengthy history of racist incidents</a>, such as aggressively directing racial slurs at random passersby for online content — he addressed the old, racist clips in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Su6FeI7lHVg">a 2017 video</a> — and just recently Star disappeared from the internet after <a href="https://www.insider.com/shane-dawson-tati-westbrook-video-jeffree-star-drama-timeline-cancelled-2020-6">being accused</a> of manipulating the 2019 feud between James Charles and Tati Westbrook, only to resurface posing with a Black man.</p><p>In fact, a self-identified ex-girlfriend of Marhold commented on the pictures. There's no confirmation that this is actually Marhold's ex-girlfriend, but the post went viral on Twitter.</p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet blockquote" data-lang="en" data-cards="" data-conversation="">—Lo  (@ghostfacelo) <a href="https://twitter.com/mims/statuses/1297916986199023616?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">August 24, 2020</a></blockquote><p>The Twitter user also posted about Star's racist past, <a href="https://twitter.com/ghostfacelo/status/1297934016428027904">writing</a>, "He doesn't even like black people," and suggested that Marhold was being paid by Star, <a href="https://twitter.com/ghostfacelo/status/1297929541797793793">writing</a>, "I'm not embarrassed just crazy what people do for money."</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/shane-dawson-tati-westbrook-video-jeffree-star-drama-timeline-cancelled-2020-6">A timeline of how the internet turned against the top YouTubers Shane Dawson and Jeffree Star</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/jeffree-star-new-video-about-shane-dawson-james-charles-accusations-2020-7">Jeffree Star addressed the Tati Westbrook 'situation,' James Charles, and the drama about him and Shane Dawson in a new video</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/jeffree-star-skincare-line-2021-date-morphe-cosmetics-2020-7">Jeffree Star announced that he's launching a skincare line in 2021 despite being dropped by Morphe</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/tiktok-woman-work-at-lax-ranks-celebrity-encounters-2020-8">A woman who worked at LAX ranks celebrities on how 'nice' they are and gave Kendall Jenner a '2 out of 10'</a></li></ul>

The mystery man in Jeffree Star's steamy Instagram was identified as a basketball player, and Star insists he's not paying him

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5a5e681028eecc120f8b50cf-2400/020charleston-south-carolina.jpg" alt="Charleston, South Carolina" data-mce-source="Sean Pavone / Getty Images" /><p class="source"><span>Sean Pavone / Getty Images</span></p><p class="caption">Charleston, South Carolina, was featured on the list.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>National Geographic Traveler has released its list of the <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/features/best-small-cities-united-states/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">29 Best Small Cities in the US</a> - and it's giving us some serious travel inspiration.</p><p>The <a href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">travel magazine</a> worked with consultants to produce a Small Cities Index - a ranking that drew from core statistics and social media mentions on the likes of Instagram and Yelp to determine which cities rank highest across 10 categories:</p><ul><li><strong>Most hipster friendly</strong> (coffee shops, tattoo parlours, record shops, vintage stores)</li><li><strong>Musically grooviest</strong> (music venues, live music, instrument stores)</li><li><strong>Most Instagrammed</strong> (hashtags)</li><li><strong>Most artsy</strong> (art galleries, art supply stores, art schools)</li><li><strong>Best groomed</strong> (barber shops, hair salons, hair removal services, cosmetic dentists)</li><li><strong>Meatiest</strong> (butchers, delis, steakhouses)</li><li><strong>Most dog friendly</strong> (pet sitting, pet stores, pet groomers, dog friendly restaurants)</li><li><strong>Sudsiest</strong> (breweries)</li><li><strong>Most caffeinated</strong> (coffee shops)</li><li><strong>Greenest</strong> (parks)</li></ul><p>The results in each area were then sorted into three categories based on population sizes - 40,000-100,000, 100,000-200,000, and 200,000-600,000. An algorithm then determined which cities ranked highest per capita.</p><p>The Traveler editors also included "trending" cities in the list that didn't make the cut on the ranking this year, compiled by branding advisors Resonance Consultancy, but appear to be on the rise.</p><p>The 29 cities included in the list weren't ranked relative to each other, but Business Insider has noted which and how many categories each won. From all-time favourites like Charleston to the beaches of Pensacola, scroll down to see the 29 coolest small cities to visit in the US in 2018.</p>

The 29 coolest small cities to visit in the US in 2018

<img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5da75323cc4a0a08d84102d9-2400/shutterstock515870845.jpg" alt="college students graduation" /><p class="source"><span>Shutterstock</span></p><p class="caption">Getting an MBA may seem like the most obvious choice, but it's not always the best one.</p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Nearly half of students in leading MBA programs borrowed at least $100,000 to complete their degree, according to a 2019 Bloomberg Businessweek survey.</li><li>Instead of an MBA, certificate programs, specialized master's degrees, and other alternatives can be more economical and aligned to your goals.</li><li>Many hiring managers are looking for tangible skills over fancy degrees.</li><li>As a result, investing your money in building a business, networking, or taking a certification course may be more beneficial in the long run.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/prime?module=article&amp;area=summary">Click here for more BI Prime stories</a>.</li></ul><p>For anyone looking to grow or start a business, the idea of getting an MBA may seem like a great stepping stone toward your goals. But while it may be the most obvious choice, it's not always the best one. </p><p>For starters, there's the biggest deterrent: cost. Higher education is incredibly expensive in America and is only increasing in price - at a rate of almost <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/camilomaldonado/2018/07/24/price-of-college-increasing-almost-8-times-faster-than-wages/#3bdff1a766c1">eight times wage increases</a>, Camilo Maldonad, cofounder of The Finance Twins, reported in Forbes. While paying for an undergraduate degree can be difficult enough - a fact that forced 69% of the class of 2018 to take out loans, according to <a href="https://studentloanhero.com/student-loan-debt-statistics/">Student Loan Hero</a> - graduate programs are often even more expensive. A recent <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-17/top-u-s-b-school-students-pile-on-debt-to-earn-mbas">Bloomberg Businessweek survey</a> of 10,000 2018 MBA graduates found that almost half the students attending the best business schools had to borrow a minimum of $100,000 in order to complete their education.</p><p>As the focus on fancy degrees dims compared to tangible experience, it becomes increasingly hard to justify putting that much money toward an MBA. </p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5e2b548824306a590907db22-2400/dennisheadshot.jpg" alt="Dennis Shirshikov, a financial analyst at Fit Small Business, a company that provides advice and resources for small businesses" /><p class="source"><span>Dennis Shirshikov</span></p><p class="caption">Dennis Shirshikov.</p><p>"An MBA is a huge financial investment and requires two years of full-time school to attain. Pursuing an MBA puts students in debt and can slow down their career trajectory by removing them from the workforce," said Dennis Shirshikov, a financial analyst at <a href="https://fitsmallbusiness.com/">Fit Small Business</a>, a company that provides advice and resources for small businesses. "The great thing about taking the alternatives approach rather than getting an MBA is that they don't remove an MBA as an option. If my career requires an MBA in the future it's still an option, but at that point, I will be positioned to leverage it for maximum impact."</p><p>With all that in mind, it's worth considering other avenues for success. Which begs the question: If you're not going to get an MBA, then what steps can you take instead? When it comes down to it, your end goal determines which alternative to an MBA is best for you. Check out these other great options, and why these successful people chose each.</p><h1>1. Complete a certificate program</h1><p>You may find that you can learn everything you want in a short and cost-effective certificate program, an option offered by most colleges. </p><p>"I was seriously considering getting my MBA from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-get-into-whartons-mba-program-2019-8">Wharton</a>, but ended up doing their <a href="https://online.wharton.upenn.edu/digital-marketing/">digital marketing certificate program</a> and it was awesome," said Jessie Nichols, director of marketing and public relations at <a href="https://www.amazon.com/allthingsequal">All Things Equal</a>, an original games company. In making this decision, she said the time and financial commitment factored in (the program costs only $2,340), as did her desire to obtain a more industry-specific education. </p><p>"In digital marketing, things are advancing and changing every day. I needed really top-notch instruction and I was really comfortable investing in the Wharton certificate," she explained. This also allowed her to keep working with clients while pursuing the certificate. </p><p>A certificate course also allows you to test the waters before diving into a large commitment like an MBA. For more information on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-online-mba-program-how-to-choose-according-to-students">online MBAs</a>, check out these stories from students from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/harvard-business-school-online-courses-change-careers-without-mba">Harvard Business School online</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-get-into-tepper-school-of-business-carnegie-melon-online-mba">The Tepper School of Business at Carnegie Mellon</a>, which has one of the top online MBA programs in the US.</p><h1>2. Take a qualifying exam</h1><p>Depending on what your end goal is, you may be able to substitute out an MBA for an exam. </p><p>Take <a href="https://financialanalystinsider.com/">Lou Haverty</a><strong>,</strong> a corporate banker, who debated getting his MBA. </p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5e2b54fb24306a594a76b779-700/louheadshot.jpg" alt="Lou Haverty, a corporate banker, who debated getting his MBA and opted to just take the CFA exam" /><p class="source"><span>Lou Haverty</span></p><p class="caption">Lou Haverty.</p><p>"For me, it came down to price and what gave me the best chance of getting into the industry I wanted to pursue," he told Business Insider. "The CFA exam wouldn't require any debt and probably gave me the best chance to get into a competitive industry. If I went down the MBA path, I would have taken on extra debt and I may not have gotten into one of the top tier programs."</p><p>That's another great thing about these tests - anyone can study and take them. Whether you want to be a <a href="https://www.cfainstitute.org/en/programs/cfa/exam">CFA,</a> <a href="https://www.aicpa.org/becomeacpa/cpaexam.html">certified public accountant</a>, <a href="https://www.federaljobs.net/exams.htm">civil servant</a>, or something else, there are plenty of careers in which taking a qualifying exam is all you really need. </p><h1>3. Get a more specialized master's degree</h1><p>Maybe a master's degree is the right move for you, but an MBA just isn't. Depending on what you're looking to accomplish, putting your money toward a more <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-executive-mba-programs-business-school-work-full-time">specialized master's degree</a> is worth considering. </p><p>"I chose to pursue a master's degree in risk management and financial modeling [at Queens College] instead of an MBA because it offered greater specialization, lower costs, shorter time commitment, and quicker growth for my career," said Shirshikov. "Unlike an MBA, the total cost of a master's degree in a specialized field is often much lower, and it left me with a much more specialized and sought after skill set." </p><p>He explained that when he was looking for jobs after graduating, this specialization made him more attractive to employers than if he had completed the more general MBA program. </p><p>"Employers were able to see that I was a subject matter expert in financial risk management, rather than a generalist with an MBA," he said. "This specialization landed me several interviews within risk departments across a variety of industries. It's unlikely I would have had the same opportunities with an MBA. Considering that the degree was a fraction of the cost of most MBA programs, the return on investment for the degree was also much higher for me," he said.</p><h1>4. Start your own business</h1><p>As Ray Bradbury once said, "Sometimes you just have to jump out the window and grow wings on the way down." You could fail with or without an MBA, so why not invest your money into growing a business instead of a big, fancy degree? You'll be surprised how much you can learn on your own. </p><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5e2b5548b6d52d5b86521d13-256/hannahheadshot.jpg" alt="Hannah Maruyama, owner of cosmetic tattoo company YAMA Studios" /><p class="source"><span>Hannah Maruyama</span></p><p class="caption">Hannah Maruyama.</p><p>"There is no teacher like necessity and a small budget. YouTube, late nights, and time will teach you most, if not more, than MBA students learn," Hannah Maruyama, owner of cosmetic tattoo company <a href="https://yamastudios.co/">YAMA Studios</a>, told Business Insider. </p><p>From marketing and networking to sales and investments, there are so many skills you can gain as you <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/steps-how-to-launch-small-business-entrepreneur-2019-11">build your own business</a>. Sure, you will get tripped up at times, but you'll learn and adjust course as you do. </p><p>"It took me years of failure to learn to focus and how to work, but now I'm an author and business owner and I have people with an MBA apply to intern with me. It just goes to show that the way education works is slowly being turned upside down," Maruyama said.</p><h1>5. Attend networking events</h1><p>It's true that getting an MBA gives you the opportunity to connect with teachers, fellow students, and visitors to your school. While this is undoubtedly advantageous, it's also possible to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-build-a-network-clients-didnt-go-to-business-school">recreate on your own</a>. </p><p>"Rather than spending $100,000 or more to get those connections, it can be valuable to attend conferences and meetups with other professionals both within and outside the field," Shirshikov said. "Personally, I attended conferences held by top universities within a reasonable driving distance and had great success with meeting both current MBA students and other professionals. In my experience attending open houses for MBA programs and speaking to graduates, there are fewer industries and skill sets represented in the program. </p><p>Alternatively, Shirshikov said that going to a range of conferences has exposed him to new people in his industry and new perspectives. </p><p>"I've done this with conferences including everything from investment opportunities on the African Continent to the rapidly growing market for antique cars," he explained. "A network of people across multiple lines of work is more applicable to business today, especially as we become more networked and the problems that leaders face are more complex. Importantly, it's also easier to stand out as the only risk or finance person at an AI conference than if you are one of the hundreds with that skill set at an MBA program." </p><p>Putting yourself out there can certainly be hard, but think of it this way: It's a lot easier than paying back all that debt.</p>            <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/adam-grant-on-narcissism-happiness-leadership-careers-at-davos-2020-1">Leading behavioral psychologist reveals how to be a successful narcissist and why you should stop trying to be happy</a></h3>                    <iframe class="bijwplayerclass" src="https://content.jwplatform.com/players/upKTM3Nk-CEZHWCBG.html" width="100%" height="100%" frameborder="0" scrolling="auto" style="margin:0px;"></iframe>            

5 great alternatives to getting your MBA that'll cost substantially less and still give you all the benefits of a business school degree

Jeffree Star accusers say the makeup mogul has a history of sexual assault, physical violence, and hush-money offers

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/579b7f504321f171088bbbde-1080/convention goer (john moore) .jpg" alt="convention goer" data-mce-source="John Moore/Getty Images" /><p class="source"><span>John Moore/Getty Images</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>With all of the hype and media coverage surrounding both the Democratic and Republican national conventions, many Americans who could not attend may be wondering about the chanting, flag-waving, and occasionally booing crowds they saw on TV.</p><p>Who are those people? What makes the population at the DNC so different from that of the RNC?</p><p>Yelp compiled some interesting data about what the people at each convention were looking up on its search engine.</p><p>Yelp's data scientist analyzed the relative increase in number of searches for each Yelp business category in Cleveland during the RNC and in Philadelphia during the DNC, as compared with searches in each city from a week before. They then compared the results with one another to paint a picture of the people at both conventions.</p><p>Some of the results are surprising, some of them reinforce classic stereotypes - and some are just plain weird.</p><h3>RNC attendee searches</h3><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/579b7fa84321f142368bbabd-1067/repub convention goers best (jeff j mitchell).jpg" alt="repub convention goers best" data-mce-source="Jeff J. Mitchell/Getty Images" /><p class="source"><span>Jeff J. Mitchell/Getty Images</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>Hawaiian food </strong>saw a tremendous increase in searches in Cleveland when the RNC came to town - up a whopping 623% - while the same search category at the DNC saw a 65% decline.</li><li>RNC-goers were also looking for <strong>gay bars.</strong> That search category went up 45% in Cleveland during the RNC, while it only went up 18% in Philly during the DNC.</li><li><strong>Dive bar</strong> searches increased 40% at the RNC, compared with only a 7% increase at the DNC. It seems like RNC attendees were seeking out some laid-back nightlife options to cope with the stress of the convention.</li><li>Unsurprisingly, the RNC population was also after some good old <strong>comfort food.</strong> That category saw a 28% upswing in searches in Cleveland, while no change was detected while the DNC was in Philly. Specifically, <strong>hot dogs, pizza, and burgers</strong> experienced significant increases to satisfy RNC appetites.</li><li>In the retail and service sectors, RNC attendees were desperate for some <strong>massage therapy.</strong> That category saw a 178% increase on Yelp in Cleveland, while it saw a 1% decrease in Philadelphia.</li><li>True to the Second-Amendment-loving RNC crowd, searches for <strong>guns and ammo</strong> went up 79% with the Republican presence in Cleveland, while they fell 12% at the DNC.</li><li>RNC folks also searched for <strong>men's clothing</strong> (up 72%), <strong>women's clothing</strong> (up 50%), and <strong>golf</strong> (up 34%).</li></ul><h3>DNC attendee searches</h3><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/579b80864321f1c62f8bb439-1148/dnc people.jpg" alt="DNC people" data-mce-source="Scott Audette/Reuters" /><p class="source"><span>Scott Audette/Reuters</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li>As far as food and nightlife categories were concerned, the DNC population wanted to check out Philadelphia's <strong>distilleries</strong> - increasing searches by 74%, compared with no change in that category at the RNC.</li><li>DNC attendees were also on the hunt for some diverse food options. They browsed Yelp for <strong>Mongolian food</strong> (up 48% at the DNC, down 24% at the RNC), <strong>Kosher food</strong> (up 35% at the DNC, down 13% at the RNC), and <strong>vegan food</strong> (up 33% at the DNC, down 2% at the RNC).</li><li>Nonfood categories showed interesting trends among DNC attendees. Up 68% with the Democrats in Philly were searches for <strong>cosmetic surgeons,</strong> while the same category dropped 47% at the RNC in Cleveland. Looks like the Democrats wanted to change more than just America's leader.</li><li>Like the RNC crowd, DNC-goers also wanted to have a little fun outside of the convention. But instead of dive bars and gun activities, the Democrats sought out <strong>go-karts</strong> (up 69%) and <strong>arcades</strong> (up 20%).</li><li><strong>Tattoos</strong> were another big DNC search - up 42% in Philadelphia and down 2% in Cleveland. With all of the passionate people in the DNC crowd, maybe they were looking to get <a href="https://newrepublic.com/minutes/129198/people-getting-tattoos-favorite-presidential-candidates">permanently inked with a likeness of their favorite candidate</a>.</li></ul><p>So what can we conclude about this information? "It's humanizing," a Yelp data analyst told Business Insider.</p><p>While some of the search categories support existing stereotypes about both parties, they can tell us more about the people at each convention. Overall, it's important to remember that we are all human beings with our own wants, needs, and pastimes that transcend the candidate we may be voting for in November. At the end of the day, we're not that different - we all like to eat, relax, and go to some funky bars.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/579b80bb4321f1362f8bb45b-1200/repub convention goers 2.jpg" alt="repub convention goers 2" data-mce-source="John Moore/Getty Images" /><p class="source"><span>John Moore/Getty Images</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/poll-cnn-favorability-rnc-dnc-hillary-clinton-donald-trump-post-convention-speeches-2016-7">INSTANT POLL: Americans viewed Clinton's convention speech more favorably than Trump's</a></h3>        <div>            <div>    <script src="http://player.ooyala.com/v3/6e12e8b3387a44daacfb73afba25a76e"></script>    <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="RubDYxNTE6iJuJyAWtVuDiLmO51VbcnP" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>    <script>    if (typeof RunFunctions === 'undefined') { var RunFunctions = []; }     RunFunctions.push(function()    {         var ooyalapopvideo = OO.Player.create('ooyalaplayer_popvideo', 'RubDYxNTE6iJuJyAWtVuDiLmO51VbcnP',{ autoplay: 'false' });     });    </script>    <noscript><div>Please enable Javascript to watch this video</div></noscript></div>        </div>        <script>(function() { function createPlayer() { OO.ready(function() { RunFunctions.forEach(function(ooyalaFunction) { ooyalaFunction(); }); RunFunctions = [];}); } createPlayer(); }()); </script>    </div>

Here are the differences between attendees of the DNC and RNC, according to their Yelp searches

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><img src="http://static3.businessinsider.com/image/5314d5226da811586baa98fe-800-400/mormon-women.jpg?maxX=800" border="0" alt="Mormon women" width="800" /><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/53130433@N08/5135954234/in/photolist-8PR7g5-8PM3hp-8PM2zZ-aqCzHW-8PM29e-8Q8yJu-aqBqVF-8PM3a8-aqzQ8x-aqB2pZ-8PQ8cy-8PQ6F7-aqeAr4-8PQ5UG-aqEaMs-8Q5EQr-8Q5JVc-8Q5Lsi-8Q5Dm2-aqCzPw-aq6ZpD-8Q5jqP-8Q8ri1-aqCyyA-8PM31X-8PM2dD-8Q8tp7-aqzVzX-8PM1qB-8Q5kzz-8Q5j38-aq6ZZ6-aq9Hum-8Q8HJG-8PR3fJ-aqEa8W-8PQ5M9-aqCAuL-8Q5qyn-8PR7Hj-8PM1xV-aqzQMZ-aqCAsJ-aqDGcQ-8PM2YF-8Q8sQE-aqezzk-8PLTs4-aq6YKz-8PM2k6-8Q8DRE">Flickr/More Good Foundation</a></span></p><p class="caption">Mormon women in appropriate dress.</p></div><p></p></div></p>
<p>A recent New York Times article on <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/us/a-growing-role-for-mormon-women.html?_r=0">the rise of female Mormon missionaries</a> points to the <a href="https://missionary.lds.org/dress-grooming/sister/grooming/skin/">guidelines for appearance described and modeled on the church's website</a>. We decided to take a closer look at the dress code for this fast-growing religion, which is formally known as the Church of the Ladder Day Saints (LDS).</p>
<p>As described on <a href="http://mormon.lds.net/mormon-beliefs/mormons-and-modesty">LDS.net</a>:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">You might not immediately be able to spot an individual Mormon by his or her clothing. The clothing Mormons wear is fashionable and ordinary, chosen by the members themselves to suit their style within the guidelines. However, if you were to observe a group of young LDS teenagers, you might notice that overall, there is a difference. These girls will not have low-cut tops or tops that reveal their stomachs. Their shoulders will be covered and their dresses will reach their knees. Their clothing won't be tight or suggestive, even though it's fashionable. They'll have no more than one set of earrings, positioned in the usual place on the ears.</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">Boys won't have overly baggy pants that reveal underwear and their waistlines won't hang low. They also have their shoulders, stomachs, and chests covered and their clothing is designed to cover them, not reveal them. Neither group will have tattoos.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.lds.org/callings/missionary/dress-grooming">Standards for missionaries</a>, as exemplary Mormons, are even more explicit. Here's a summary of their guidelines:</p>
<h3>Clothing</h3>
<p>Women should wear "professional suits, skirts, blouses, jackets, sweaters, and dresses." Jeans or pants are only acceptable during certain activities, like exercise.</p>
<p>Shirts with "cap sleeves" can't be worn alone. But women don't have to tuck in their shirts. While layering is okay, undershirts shouldn't be noticeably longer than the top layer.</p>
<p>Skirts and dresses must cover their entire knee when sitting or standing. No mesh, fishnet or lace tights. And if they wear leggings, the bottoms can't be visible. Wear boots or colored nylons that match with flat shoes.</p>
<p>And all the above clothing should be"attractive, colorful, tailored to fit well, and conservative in style."</p>
<h3>Hair and Make-up</h3>
<p>While there's no specific style, length, or color for hair, it should be "attractive," "easy to manage," "natural," and "conservative."</p>
<p>If women choose to wear any accessories, like clips or headbands, they can't draw attention or "distract from your message."</p>
<p>Make-up isn't required, but the guide notes it can help women look your best. If women do choose to wear cosmetics, they should be "neutral and conservative in style and color." The same goes for nail polish.</p>
<p>And of course, "bathe daily, use deodorant, and wash your hair frequently." Perfume, if worn, can't be "overpowering or distracting."</p>
<h3>Shoes and Accessories</h3>
<p>This section covers it all: flats, everyday shoes, heels, boots, exercise shoes, earrings, necklaces, bracelets, watches, rings, and bags.</p>
<p>For safety reasons, women should wear closed-toe and closed-heel shoes. Also, for safety and security, earrings (only one in each ear) can't hang longer than approximately one inch below the earlobe. Naturally, tattoos, nose rings, other body piercings, and toe rings are unacceptable.</p>
<p>Lastly, "backpacks are not professional."</p>
<h3>Men</h3>
<p>Men should wear wrinkle-resistant suits and ties. When choosing to wear a lighter color, they should stick with grey or brown. Only polyester blend, white shirts can be worn under suits. In colder weather, sweaters and vests are also permitted.</p>
<p>Men also have to wear closed-toe and closed-heel dress shoes or boots with matching socks. No suede shoes or cowboy boots. No backpacks or hoodies either.</p>
<p>Hair should be kept "relatively short and evenly tapered." Faux-hawk, crew cuts, mullets, spikey styles, and messy hair are prohibited. They can't bleach or dye their hair. Sideburns can't be longer than mid-ear either.</p>
<p><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5em;">"Bathe, shave, and brush your teeth each day. Use deodorant, and wash your hair frequently."</span></p>
<p>While the guide doesn't mention facial hair, all of the men we saw on the site are clean-shaven.</p>

Here's How Mormons Are Supposed To Dress

<p>Soon, the <keyword id="6385081" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Antibiotics">antibiotics</keyword> we've relied on to heal minor bacterial infections will no longer work, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-warns-of-post-antibiotic-era-2013-9">the CDC has warned.</a></p>
<p>If that happens, almost everything and anything could kill you, just like things were before penicillin was discovered in 1928.</p>
<p>Here's an incomplete list, created with help from <a href="https://medium.com/p/892b57499e77" target="_blank">Maryn McKenna's excellent post on our post-antibiotic future on Medium</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Eating meat - <keyword id="6376020" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="bacteria">bacteria</keyword> on meat can be resistant to antibiotics, and kill you.</li>
<li>Getting scratched - before penicillin, 1 in 9 skin infections killed.</li>
<li>Having any kind of surgery or biopsy - even the most minor surgery leaves you open for infection.</li>
<li>Treatments like dialysis or a blood transplant - an open portal to your blood leaves you open to sepsis.</li>
<li>An insect bite - insect bites, especially those that are itchy, lead to infections if scratching opens the wound and <keyword id="141368" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="microbes">microbes</keyword> under your fingernails invade.</li>
<li>A mild cold or flu - if a virus takes down your immune system, pneumonia can set in. Without antibiotics, 30% of cases kill.</li>
<li>Childbirth - natural childbirth used to kill 5 mothers out of 1000, and Cesarean sections are a surgery, which opens you up to infection.</li>
<li>Being put on a ventilator or catheter.</li>
<li>Implanted medical devices like artificial hips or pacemakers.</li>
<li>Minor burns - burns are the most infection-prone wound.</li>
<li>Cosmetic plastic surgery - this falls under surgeries, but deserves its own mention because society acts like getting a couple of Botox injections is risk free. In the post-antibiotic era, it's not.</li>
<li>Getting a tattoo - No one wants to voluntarily open themselves up to an infection in the post-antibiotic era.</li>
</ul>
<p>Because any type of surgery could produce an untreatable infection, we would also lose the ability to treat non-infectious diseases like cancer, put people back together after car accidents, perform surgery to unblock arteries due to heart disease, and transplant organs.</p>
<p>And these types of infections are already killing people. The CDC released numbers a few months ago stating that antibiotic-resistant infections <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-warns-of-post-antibiotic-era-2013-9">kill 23,000 people a year</a>. That may seem small, but these infections are <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nightmare-bacteria-infections-are-on-the-rise-2013-3">increasing at a rapid rate.</a></p>
<p>As McKenna notes in her post, it takes only a few years for resistance to emerge to a new antibiotic. And drug companies aren't investing in the market - there are only five new antibiotics in development. And <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/massive-risk-of-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-in-three-charts-2013-1">we haven't seen a new one in 25 years</a>.</p>
<p>And we aren't doing much about it. Antibiotics are used liberally in agriculture. Doctors prescribe them for viral infections like the cold and flu. People don't take their entire dose and dump their extras into the water supply.</p>
<p>All of these add up to increasing levels of resistance. If things continue as they are, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/antibiotic-resistant-disease-pose-threat-2013-1">we have about 20 years</a> until a minor scrape can become potentially life-threatening again. </p>
<p>Read McKenna's post (produced in collaboration with the Food &amp; Environment Reporting Network, an independent, non-profit news organization producing investigative reporting on food, agriculture, and environmental <keyword id="6354750" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="health">health</keyword>) to learn more about what we have to look forward to in <a href="https://medium.com/p/892b57499e77" target="_blank">a future without antibiotics</a>.</p>

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