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Coronavirus: Here is the list of countries affected by COVID-19

<ul class="summary-list"><li>In a press briefing Friday, <a href="https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---5-june-2020">the World Health Organization (WHO)</a> said everyone in areas with community transmission should wear a face mask where social distancing isn't possible to prevent the spread of the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword>.</li><li><keyword id="6366244" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="who">WHO</keyword> also advised that in areas of community transmission, everyone who is over 60 years old or has underlying health conditions should wear a medical mask in spaces where social distancing is difficult.</li><li>All healthcare workers in areas with widespread transmission should also wear medical masks, not just those working with coronavirus patients, WHO said.</li><li>WHO reaffirmed that face masks alone cannot prevent the spread of the coronavirus.</li></ul>If there are confirmed cases of the coronavirus in your community, you should wear a fabric face mask when you are out in public spaces where social distancing is impossible, <a href="https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---5-june-2020">per an update from the World Health Organization on Friday</a>.In the June 5 press briefing, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom also announced revised guidelines on who should be wearing medical facemasks in communities where there are confirmed cases of the coronavirus, as well as overcrowded spaces including stores, buses, trains, and planes.The WHO now recommends medical face masks to everyone who has underlying health conditions or is over 60 years old in spaces where social distancing is difficult or impossible. Additionally, Adhanom said all healthcare workers in communities with widespread transmission should be wearing medical face masks."That means, for example, that when a doctor is doing a ward round on the cardiology or palliative care units where there are no confirmed <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword> patients, they should still wear a medical mask," Adhanom said in the briefing.Previously, the WHO recommended that only healthcare workers, people infected with the coronavirus, and their caregivers wear medical masks.Following the briefing, Adhanom tweeted the new guidelines.Adhanom also repeated that masks alone do not protect people from the coronavirus in the briefing. "I wish to be very clear that the guidance we are publishing today is an update of what we have been saying for months: that masks should only ever be used as part of a comprehensive strategy in the fight against COVID," Adhanom said.

WHO issues new guidance on face masks, advising people wear them in places where social distancing is difficult or if you're over 60 years old

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6379474" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="cdc">CDC</keyword> researchers on <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2775875">Tuesday argued</a> schools were unlikely to fuel major <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> transmission.</li><li>The researchers suggested reopening schools with masks and social-distancing requirements.</li><li>They said schools could be made safer with restrictions elsewhere such as restaurants and gyms.</li></ul>US schools began closing their doors last spring amid a rise in coronavirus cases. The decision was based on the available <keyword id="41551" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">science</keyword> at the time, which suggested that poorly ventilated indoor spaces - particularly ones that held large groups - were hotbeds of transmission.In general, that remains true, but a spate of recent studies has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reopening-schools-low-risk-coronavirus-2021-1">found schools to be relatively low-risk</a> compared with other places where people congregate, like household gatherings, nursing homes, packed office buildings, or college dorms.In <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2775875">an opinion article</a> on Tuesday, researchers at the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said there was "little evidence that schools have contributed meaningfully to increased community transmission."The researchers called for schools to return to in-person learning, with a few ground rules in place: Masks should be worn at all times. Social distancing should be upheld. And indoor sports practices or competitions should be limited."It's not going to be safe to have a pizza party with a group of students," Margaret Honein, one of the CDC researchers, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/26/world/cdc-schools-reopening.html">told The New York Times</a>. "But outdoor cross-country, where distance can be maintained, might be fine to continue."The researchers further suggested in the article and in an interview with The Times that one way to make schools safer for in-person learning would be to introduce restrictions in the wider community in places such as restaurants, bars, and gyms.A <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2923-3">November study</a> from researchers at Stanford University estimated that full-service restaurants, gyms, hotels, cafés, and places of worship would yield some of the biggest increases in coronavirus infections upon reopening compared with grocery stores. Restaurants were particularly high risk, given their limited space and the fact that people tend to dine for more than an hour.Restricting indoor dining could therefore lower community transmission, making it less risky for kids to go to school.<h2>Masks and social distancing pay off</h2><div type="image" title="school reopen coronavirus Texas" height="1222" width="2000" msid="80472249" hostid="261"></div>Schools aren't strangers to coronavirus outbreaks: After Israel <a href="https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.29.2001352">reopened select classrooms</a> for in-person learning in May, 13% of students and nearly 17% of staffers at a high school in Jerusalem got COVID-19. But the school had stopped enforcing face masks and continuously ran air-conditioning because of a heat wave.In addition to masks and social distancing, the CDC researchers recommended increasing ventilation in classrooms, expanding testing to identify asymptomatic cases, and continuing to offer online classes for high-risk students and staff.President Joe Biden's proposed coronavirus relief plan would allocate $130 billion to help schools implement these measures. Biden has set a goal of reopening most K-8 schools during his first 100 days in office."If you do mitigation strategies, it's safer for kids and adults to be in school than to be in the community," Daniel Benjamin, a pediatric infectious-disease specialist at Duke University, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reopening-schools-low-risk-coronavirus-2021-1">recently told Insider</a>.<div type="image" title="school reopening" height="2613" width="4000" msid="80472250" hostid="261"></div>Benjamin's <a href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2021/01/06/peds.2020-048090">study</a> of 11 school districts in North Carolina identified relatively few coronavirus cases from August to October: Only 32 infections were recorded in schools over nine weeks. Students ages 5 and up were required to wear masks, stay 6 feet apart, and wash their hands regularly.A <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7004e3.htm?s_cid=mm7004e3_w">new CDC report</a> also detected minimal transmission among K-12 schools that required masks in Wisconsin's Wood County. Out of 5,530 students and staff members, only 191 <keyword id="8785701" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="COVID-19-cases">COVID-19 cases</keyword> were reported from August to November. Just seven of those cases were associated with in-school transmission.In both studies, the virus was spreading rampantly in the local community, suggesting that the mitigation strategies had indeed worked. When transmission is low, some schools may even get away with fewer precautions.A recent <a href="https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.26.1.2002011">study</a> looked at transmission in primary schools in Oslo and Viken, the two Norwegian counties with the country's highest COVID-19 case totals. From August to November, 234 children were tested for the virus but only two cases were identified. None of those students appeared to pass the virus to anyone else, even though masks weren't required.But Benjamin cautioned that schools that didn't require masks might be "in for a rude awakening" from the new coronavirus strains identified in the UK and South Africa, which appear to spread more easily."When cases go up, they will either need to mask or they're going to have real problems," he said.

CDC officials recommend opening schools with masks - but closing indoor dining and gyms

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Kids attending school in person have, for the most part, avoided the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> — as long as masking and social distancing are required.</li><li><keyword id="37180" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="schools">Schools</keyword> in Norway and Sweden have seen few coronavirus cases — even without mask requirements — when community transmission rates are low.</li><li>The studies suggest that schools can reopen safely if they take appropriate public-health measures.</li></ul>Dozens of North Carolina schools reopened their doors in August. The in-person learning environment was slightly different than in pre-pandemic days: Students age 5 and up were required to wear masks, stay six feet apart, and wash their hands regularly.But the gamble paid off. By the end of October, relatively few students or staff had gotten sick, according to a <a href="https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2021/01/06/peds.2020-048090">study</a> published in the journal Pediatrics.The researchers, from Duke University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, evaluated 11 school districts in their state, with a total of nearly 100,000 students and staff members, for nine weeks. More than 770 of those individuals tested positive for the coronavirus during that time, but only 32 infections were recorded in schools.The findings were surprising given the rate of coronavirus transmission in North Carolina at the time. From August to October, the 11 counties in the study recorded roughly one to two weekly coronavirus infections per 1,000 residents. If schools had that same level of transmission, they would have seen 800 to 900 infections over the same nine weeks."If you do mitigation strategies, it's safer for kids and adults to be in school than to be in the community," Daniel Benjamin, one of the study's authors, told Insider.Indeed, a spate of recent studies has found schools to be relatively low-risk compared to other places where people congregate, like household gatherings or college dorms.A <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7004e3.htm?s_cid=mm7004e3_w">new report</a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also identified very few coronavirus cases among K-12 schools that required masks in Wood County, Wisconsin.Out of 5,530 students and staff members, only 191 <keyword id="8785701" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="COVID-19-cases">COVID-19 cases</keyword> were reported between August and November. Just seven of those cases were associated with in-school transmission - and all of them were students. By comparison, the virus was spreading rampantly in the community: Up to 40% of <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword> tests in Wood County had positive results during the study period.The researchers concluded that "with proper mitigation strategies, K-12 schools might be capable of opening for in-person learning with minimal in-school transmission."In <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2775875">an editorial</a> on Tuesday, CDC researchers similarly called for schools to reopen with mask and social distancing requirements. <h2>When community transmission is high, masks are essential in schools</h2><div type="image" title="school reopen coronavirus Texas" height="1222" width="2000" msid="80408437" hostid="261"></div>Schools come with known coronavirus-transmission risks, since most are poorly ventilated indoor spaces that hold groups larger than 10. But research has also shown that young children are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/children-weaker-antibody-response-coronavirus-milder-cases-study-2020-11">less likely to develop symptomatic COVID-19 infections</a> than adults, and may also be <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-02973-3#ref-CR5">less likely to pass the virus</a> to others.Benjamin said the number of infections in schools depends on the level of commitment to masks, hand washing, and social distancing."It's not about the school and physical environment - it's about the school leadership and culture," he said.When community transmission is low, schools might even get away with fewer precautions. Schools in Norway and Sweden, for instance, have managed to keep cases low by encouraging social distancing and telling kids to stay home if they have any COVID-19 symptoms.A recent <a href="https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.26.1.2002011">study</a> looked at transmission in primary schools in Oslo and Viken, the two Norwegian counties with the country's highest COVID-19 case totals. From August to November, 234 children were tested for the virus but only two cases were identified. None of those students appeared to pass the virus to anyone else, even though masks weren't required. The researchers concluded that children played a "limited role" in spreading the virus at schools during a time of "low to medium community transmission."In Sweden, researchers also found a low incidence of severe COVID-19 infections among schoolchildren: From March to June, only 15 kids between ages 1 and 16 were admitted to Swedish intensive care units with COVID-19. Four of them had underlying health problems, according to <a href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc2026670">research</a> published in the New England Journal of Medicine. But Benjamin cautioned that schools that don't require masks are "going to be in for a rude awakening" as they grapple with the new coronavirus strains identified in the UK and South Africa, which appear to spread more easily."When cases go up, they will either need to mask or they're going to have real problems," Benjamin said.<h2>A cautious approach to reopening </h2><div type="image" title="schools reopen" height="881" width="1320" msid="80408438" hostid="261"></div>President Joe Biden has set a goal of reopening most K-8 schools during his first 100 days in office."We can teach our children in safe schools," Biden said in his inaugural address.Biden's proposed coronavirus relief plan would allocate $130 billion to help primary schools reopen safely. Schools could use that money to improve ventilation, reduce class sizes, hire more janitors, distribute personal protective equipment, or modify classroom layouts so students and teachers can socially distance.More funding could also enable schools to expand their testing capacity - though Benjamin said that shouldn't be a substitute for other health measures."Whether testing prevents more infection is a different question, not yet answered in the K-12 environment," he said. "What testing definitely does do is it shows whether or not your public-health mitigation strategies are effective."Benjamin said schools may also consider a hybrid approach that offers remote learning for families who are worried about infections alongside in-person classes.An analysis from McKinsey &amp; Company suggests that American students, on average, are likely to <a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our-insights/covid-19-and-learning-loss-disparities-grow-and-students-need-help#">lose five to nine months' worth of learning</a> by June 2021 due to the pandemic. Achievement gaps between students will also widen, Benjamin said, the longer classrooms stay closed.This story has been updated with additional information. It was originally published on January 22, 2021.

Very few kids are getting COVID-19 after going back to primary school, research shows - but masks are key

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A new report released from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday details how more than 660 daycare centers reopened in relative safety in Rhode Island, amid the pandemic.</li><li>Only four of the 666 programs that reopened documented <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> spread among students and staff at daycare.</li><li>It's a strategy that probably wouldn't work in many other states, where the coronavirus is more widespread in the community. </li></ul>As schools across the country weigh when and how to reopen safely amid the coronavirus pandemic, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is holding up the nation's smallest state as an example of how to reopen schools and daycare centers safely this fall."It does show the possible," CDC Director Robert Redfield said on a call with reporters Friday, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6934e2.htm?s_cid=mm6934e2_x">shortly before the daycare report came out</a>. "We just have to work collectively to do that in a safe and sensible way. One school, one jurisdiction, one family at a time."The <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6934e2.htm?s_cid=mm6934e2_x">new report</a> details how, starting June 1, Rhode Island began carefully and cautiously opening back up hundreds of daycare centers across the state, and over the course of two months, less than a handful (4 out of 666 centers) found evidence of transmission of the virus at daycare, between students and staff.It's important to note that the daycare centers in question had been shut for three months when this study started, and community transmission of the virus was already well in decline across Rhode Island."We have seen in the United States, as well as in other countries, that schools are able to open safely in communities with low transmission," Erin Sauber-Schatz, an epidemiologist at the CDC, said on the call. "It's more of a challenge in communities that have more widespread transmission." Here's how Rhode Island did it: <ul><li>Teachers wore masks, and both children and adults were screened every day for symptoms.</li><li>Class sizes were limited to no more than 12 people total, including teachers, a cap that increased to 20 people over time.</li><li>No mixing of classroom groups, either teachers or students, was allowed.</li><li>Quarantining and contract tracing measures (run in conjunction with the state health department) were also strict: any class with a symptomatic person in it was required to close for 14 days, or until a coronavirus lab test for the symptomatic individual(s) came back negative. </li></ul><div type="image" title="daycare reopen covid" height="1467" width="2200" msid="77683034" hostid="261"></div>By July 31, using these techniques, 75% of Rhode Island's childcare programs (666 centers) had been approved to reopen, with capacity for 18,945 children, roughly 6,800 kids shy of the state's pre-pandemic enrollment. But there were some outbreaks, and staffing the small, rigid class structure was challenging.At least 52 "confirmed and probable" cases of COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus, were confirmed among students and staff between June 1 and July 31. 30 kids and 22 adults got sick, and 853 people had to be quarantined. "Continued adherence to small, stable classes might not be feasible without additional funding," the CDC report said.It's also a strategy that probably wouldn't work well in a place where the health department and the schools aren't working together in close coordination. And there's good evidence, from the study itself, that coronavirus cases at daycare centers and schools increase and decrease in lock-step with levels of illness in a community. The report noted that all four instances of "possible secondary transmission" — where people may have gotten sick from others they encountered at the daycare centers — all happened during the last two weeks of the study in late July, when community transmission in Rhode Island was increasing overall.In other words, in places where there are still a lot of coronavirus cases, this savvy reopening strategy likely won't work, and many more children and teachers could get sick at school: <div type="image" title="daycare cases vs population" height="818" width="1528" msid="77683037" hostid="261"></div>"Obviously, there's a tipping point," Dr. Redfield said."There is a path where one can use and partner with their <keyword id="6364896" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="public-health">public health</keyword> authorities, and safely get these childcare programs reopened, which again are very important for our country to be able to get childcare."

CDC: Rhode Island provided childcare to 19,000 kids this summer, and only 30 tested positive for the coronavirus. Here is the 4-step plan they followed.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An average person with the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> infects <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-contagious-r-naught-average-patient-spread-2020-3">about two other people</a>, but an infected person sometimes passes the virus to far more people during a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-super-spreader-events-reveal-gatherings-to-avoid-2020-5">superspreader event</a>.</li><li>New research suggests such events, which typically involve <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-assess-your-risk-of-catching-coronavirus-2020-5">indoor gatherings</a>, are responsible for most coronavirus transmission.</li><li>Experts found that just 20% of coronavirus cases resulted in 80% of transmissions. An estimated 70% of infected patients studied didn't pass the virus at all.</li><li>Countries may be able to avoid more <keyword id="8919629" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="lockdowns">lockdowns</keyword> during <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/second-wave-of-coronavirus-infections-may-peak-in-fall-2020-5">future waves of infections</a> by <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/houses-of-worship-trump-says-essential-coronavirus-hotspots-2020-5">targeting locations</a> and activities that beget superspreading.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-super-spreader-events-reveal-gatherings-to-avoid-2020-5">Superspreader events</a>, in which one person infects a disproportionately large number of others, are the primary means by which the coronavirus spreads, <a href="https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-29548/v1">new research</a> suggests.A group of epidemiologists in Hong Kong found that just 20% of cases studied there were responsible for 80% of all coronavirus transmissions. The researchers also found 70% of people infected with the coronavirus didn't pass it to anyone else and that all superspreading events involved indoor social gatherings."That's the picture we have so far," Ben Cowling, one of the study coauthors, told Business Insider. "Superspreading events are happening more than we expected, more than what could be explained by chance. The frequency of superspreading is beyond what we could have imagined."That information could inform how policymakers craft rules to keep people safe."Now we know which measures might give you the most bang for your buck — if we could stop the superspreading from happening, we'd benefit the most people," Cowling said.<h2>A small number of superspreading events account for most transmission</h2>Superspreader events around the world have created clusters of coronavirus infections that cropped up almost overnight. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/shincheonji-church-cult-south-korea-super-spreader-coronavirus-spike-2020-2">A South Korean churchgoer</a> infected 43 others in February, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/two-people-dead-from-coronavirus-after-super-spreading-event-2020-3">a singer infected 53 people</a> at a choir practice in Washington a month later, and a New York lawyer was responsible for passing the coronavirus to more than 100 others in his community.<h2><div type="image" title="New Rochelle coronavirus.JPG" height="1334" width="2000" msid="76205372" hostid="261"></div></h2>For their research, Cowling and his colleagues examined more than 1,000 coronavirus cases in Hong Kong between January 23 and April 28.They found that superspreading was the primary means of transmission in the city. About 350 of the cases analyzed were a result of community spread, while the rest were imported from other countries. Within the community-spread cases, more than half were connected to six superspreading events.The term <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-health-superspreaders-explainer/super-spreaders-what-are-they-and-what-do-they-do-idUSKBN20E1XB">"superspreader"</a> refers to an infected person who transmits the virus to more people than a typical infected person would. A virus' <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-contagious-r-naught-average-patient-spread-2020-3">R0 value</a> (pronounced "R-naught") refers to the average number of people that one sick person goes on to infect in a group with no immunity. The R0 of the coronavirus so far seems to hover between 2 and 2.5. But in the case of these Hong Kong superspreading events, one person infected at least three times that many people. In fact, 20% of cases caused 80% of transmissions, a majority of which were linked to superspreading events at a wedding, temple, and multiple bars in the city's Lan Kwai Fong district.The remaining 20% of transmissions were result of another just 10% of cases, when infected patients passed along the virus to one, or at most two, other people — generally someone in their households. "Social exposures produced a greater number of secondary cases compared to family or work exposures," the study authors wrote, adding that reducing superspreading events could have a considerable effect in lowering the virus' R0.<h2>The 80-20 rule</h2>In <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/02/opinion/coronavirus-superspreaders.html?action=click&amp;module=Opinion&amp;pgtype=HomepageHomepage">a New York Times article</a> about his team's study, which has yet to be peer-reviewed, Cowling wrote: "You might be wondering if our study, or the experience of Hong Kong, with its small number of total infections, is more broadly representative. We think so."<div type="image" title="Daegu South Korea coronavirus" height="2887" width="4437" msid="76205374" hostid="261"></div>Indeed, other research supports his findings: A <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971211000245">2011 study</a> found that 20% of a population was responsible for 80% of the transmissions of many diseases, including <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-11861-y">malaria</a>. This is known as the "80-20 rule."Some scientists think that the ratio could be even smaller. <a href="https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/5-67">A model</a> from researchers at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine suggested only 10% of coronavirus cases accounted for 80% of global transmissions.<a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.21.20104521v1">Preliminary research</a> that examined more than 200 coronavirus cases in Israel found that between 1 and 10% of cases were linked to 80% of transmissions. <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30287-5/fulltext">Another study</a> from Shenzhen, China, yielded a similar conclusion: Between 8 and 9% of cases caused 80% of transmissions.<h2>Superspreading events happen in crowded indoor areas</h2>Coronavirus superspreader events have shared a few key characteristics: They've involved indoor gatherings in which a lot of people from different households were in close, extended contact.For example, a superspreader event in Arkansas involved a pastor and his wife who attended church events and a Bible study group a few days before they developed coronavirus symptoms. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cdc-arkansas-coronavirus-outbreak-linked-to-2-church-goers-2020-5">Of the 92 people</a> they came into contact with, 35 got sick. Seven had to be hospitalized. Three died.<div type="image" title="churches coronavirus lockdown first amendment" height="1250" width="2500" msid="76205376" hostid="261"></div>Offices and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/air-conditioning-spread-coronavirus-restaurant-can-service-industry-open-again-2020-4">restaurants can be infection hot spots</a> too. A study of an outbreak in a call center in Seoul, South Korea, showed that almost <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/south-korean-call-center-covid-19-outbreak-seating-chart-2020-4">half the employees on one floor</a> got infected. Nearly all of them sat in the same section. In that sense, it's not that certain individual people are more contagious than others or shed more virus. Instead, there's a type of activity that gives people access to a greater number of people in areas conducive to the virus' spread, Cowling said.Research has found time and again that the risk of coronavirus transmission is higher <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-risk-higher-tight-indoor-spaces-with-little-air-flow-2020-5">indoors in poorly ventilated spaces where lots of people have sustained contact</a>. "You can't have a superspreading event unless there are a lot of people around, so you have to be very careful still about gatherings of people of any size — that includes religious services," William Schaffner, an infectious-disease expert at Vanderbilt University, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/risk-of-coronavirus-transmission-lower-outdoors-evidence-2020-5">previously told Business Insider</a>.<h2>If we target gatherings that could become superspreader events, we could avoid more lockdowns</h2>Cowling said the study findings could inform countries' responses to future waves of coronavirus infections."We'll be in a much better position to deal with the second wave this fall," he said. "This knowledge gives us the chance to take more measured actions without going into full lockdown again."<div type="image" title="New York Coronavirus" height="1333" width="2000" msid="76205378" hostid="261"></div>A few countries, like Japan and South Korea, have already shown that it's possible to ride out an outbreak without dramatically restricting citizens' movements or shutting down all stores, restaurants, and schools. Japan's success stems from adherence to the "<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-japan-tackled-coronavirus-without-a-lockdown-2020-5">3 C's rule</a>." The government <a href="https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10900000/000615287.pdf">told people to avoid</a> closed spaces, crowded places, and close-contact settings — all of which are ripe for superspreading events.Going forward, Cowling thinks other countries could benefit from instituting rules that target the source of most transmissions (in addition to continued contact tracing and testing), rather than blanket shelter-in-place orders.<div type="image" title="Pierre-Antoine Boureau handling a tape measure as he prepares the terrace of a restaurant in order to respect distancing to help curb the spread of the coronavirus in Paris, Monday, June 1, 2020. France is reopening its restaurants, bars and cafes starting tomorrow as the country eases most restrictions amid the coronavirus crisis. (AP Photo/Michel Euler)" height="3518" width="5225" msid="76205380" hostid="261"></div>"Anything outdoors is fine. I'm less concerned about protests," he said, adding that restaurants and bars could also probably operate at 50% capacity, with empty tables between diners."We need to figure out how many people per square meter is acceptable," Cowling said. "Meetings and religious activities could go on, but with reduced numbers of people."

70% of people infected with the coronavirus did not pass it to anyone, preliminary research shows. Superspreading events account for most transmission.

<ul><li>The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, on Saturday, issued a revised strategy of testing for COVID-19 infection.</li><li>According to the revised advisory, all asymptomatic individuals who have undertaken international travel in the last 14 days, should stay in home quarantine for at least 14 days. They should be tested only if they become symptomatic (fever, cough, difficulty in breathing). </li><li>According to the <keyword id="46535" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Health-ministry">Health Ministry</keyword> there are at list 231 active <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> cases in India.</li></ul>The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, on Saturday, issued a revised strategy of testing for COVID-19 infection. According to the revised advisory, all asymptomatic individuals who have undertaken international travel in the last 14 days, should stay in home quarantine for at least 14 days. They should be tested only if they become symptomatic (fever, cough, difficulty in breathing). Besides, all family members living with a confirmed case should be home quarantined. The revised strategy further stated that all symptomatic contacts of laboratory confirmed cases will be tested, all symptomatic health care workers will also be tested. All hospitalised patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (fever and cough and/or shortness of breath) will also be tested for novel coronavirus. "Asymptomatic direct and high-risk contacts of a confirmed case should be tested once between day 5 and day 14 of coming in his or her contact," said the Ministry. Direct and high-risk contact include those who live in the same household with a confirmed case and healthcare workers who examined a confirmed case without adequate protection as per WHO recommendations. According to the Health Ministry there are at list 231 active coronavirus cases in India. Currently, India has witnessed cases of COVID-19 mostly related to travel and local transmission from imported cases to their immediate contacts. Community transmission of the disease has not been documented till now. Once community transmission is documented, the above testing strategy will undergo changes to evolve into stage appropriate testing strategy.

Health Ministry revises strategy for testing coronavirus

Thomas Peter/ReutersPeople in Beijing pay tribute to China's coronavirus victims during a national moment of silence on April 4, 2020.<ul class="summary-list"><li>Authorities in Wuhan, China, reported 41 cases of an mysterious, pneumonialike respiratory illness to the World Health Organization on December 31. Most were linked to a local <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=4&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjCv_jTn9foAhXFhHIEHbWWBKUQFjADegQIAhAB&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwuhan-coronavirus-chinese-wet-market-photos-2020-1&amp;usg=AOvVaw2oOiJYV68irfhdU0tw2DYv">wet market</a>.</li><li>Three months later, that illness - now known as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-live-updates-latest-news">COVID-19</a> - has infected more than 1.4 million people worldwide.</li><li>But a growing body of research suggests those early reported cases were <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-patients-zero-contracted-case-november-2020-3">not the first</a> in China. </li><li>A new study suggests that community transmission of the coronavirus in Wuhan was going on in early January, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wuhan-coronavirus-may-not-have-originated-from-wet-market-2020-1">unrelated to the wet market</a>. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Authorities in Wuhan, China, first <a href="https://www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/">informed the World Health Organization</a> about an unknown, pneumonialike illness on December 31.A majority of the initial 41 cases were linked to a local wet market, which was shutdown on January 1. A week later, experts identified it as a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-live-updates-latest-news">new coronavirus</a>; the disease it caused was later named COVID-19.But recent research suggests these late-December cases were not the first in Wuhan. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41564-020-0713-1">A study</a> published Tuesday in the journal Nature Microbiology suggests that the coronavirus had already established itself and begun spreading in the Wuhan community by early January.On Wednesday, <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/intelligence-report-warned-coronavirus-crisis-early-november-sources/story?id=70031273">ABC News</a> reported that even US intelligence officials were aware of the coronavirus outbreak in China <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-intelligence-officials-knew-of-coronavirus-outbreak-in-november-2020-4">as early as November</a>, according to sources familiar with a report from the military's National Center for Medical Intelligence."Analysts concluded it could be a cataclysmic event," one person told ABC of the report, which included intercepted wire and computer messages, and satellite images.Both of these revelations contradict China and the WHO's official narrative, which says the virus was first reported in late December. The earlier timeline may also explain how the outbreak was able to spread so quickly in China and the rest of the world. <h2>Community transmission was already happening in Wuhan by January</h2>NOEL CELIS/AFP via Getty ImagesA woman walks in front of the closed Huanan Wholesale Seafood Market, where health authorities said the first coronavirus cases in the city of Wuhan originated, January 12, 2020.The authors of the new Nature study analyzed 640 throat swabs collected from patients in Wuhan who went to the doctor with flu-like illnesses between October 6 and January 21.Nine of those swabs, which were collected in the first three weeks of January, tested positive for the new coronavirus. The people those swabs belonged to came from six different districts of the Wuhan metropolitan area and its surrounding regions.The researchers said these findings, along with the rapid spread of the coronavirus in Wuhan - the number of reported cases jumped from 41 to more than 46,000 between December 31 and February 23 - suggest the virus had begun to spread through the community no later than the end of January. Community transmission is the term for spread in which the source of an illness is unknown and not traceable to an infected person or area.<a href="https://www.reutersconnect.com/all?id=tag%3Areuters.com%2C2020%3Anewsml_RC2WQF92A2EK&amp;share=true">China Daily via Reuters</a>Residents bid farewell from their homes to a medical team from Guizhou province that is leaving Wuhan, March 25, 2020.<h2>Other research also suggests an earlier timeline</h2>Several other studies also suggest an earlier timeline of the virus' initial spread.Research <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2820%2930183-5">published in The Lancet in January</a> showed that the first person to test positive for the coronavirus was likely exposed to it on December 1, then showed symptoms on December 8. The researchers behind the study also found that 13 of the 41 original cases showed <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wuhan-coronavirus-may-not-have-originated-from-wet-market-2020-1">no link to the wet market</a>, called the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. That finding supports the idea that community transmission was already happening in early January.A team of infectious-disease researchers in China <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wechat-users-posted-coronavirus-before-china-confirmed-cases-2020-2">reported in February</a> that they'd found surges in the use of terms related to the coronavirus on WeChat more than two weeks before officials confirmed the first case. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31995857">What's more, a March study</a> published in the New England Journal of Medicine examined 425 cases of COVID-19 reported in Wuhan as of January 22. The authors found that 55% of infections that occurred before January 1 were linked to the wet market but only 8.6% of subsequent cases were.Xiao Yijiu/Xinhua via GettyA medical staff member waves to patients infected with the coronavirus at a temporary hospital converted from the Wuhan Sports Center in Wuhan, February 12, 2020.By analyzing when these early coronavirus patients were exposed and how their illnesses progressed, the researchers were able to estimate how quickly the outbreak grew in Wuhan."There is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019," they wrote. If authorities had been able to identify the virus earlier, the course of the pandemic might have been very different. <a href="https://www.southampton.ac.uk/news/2020/03/covid-19-china.page">A March study</a> showed that if Chinese authorities had acted three weeks earlier to institute travel restrictions, social distancing, and the identification and isolation of patients, coronavirus cases in China would have been reduced by 95%.<h2>Why early cases may have been missed </h2>The identity of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-patients-zero-contracted-case-november-2020-3">"patient zero"</a> still hasn't been confirmed, but it may have been a 55-year-old man from China's Hubei province who was infected on November 17, according to <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3074991/coronavirus-chinas-first-confirmed-covid-19-case-traced-back">the South China Morning Post (SCMP)</a>, which reviewed government documents.The Chinese government has not officially offered or commented on any amended timeline, however.HECTOR RETAMAL/AFP via Getty ImagesA man has his temperature checked as he leaves the Hankou railway station in Wuhan, April 7, 2020.It's not surprising, however, that the illness evaded detection for weeks, since experts think up to 50% of people who get infected <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-carriers-transmit-without-symptoms-what-to-know-2020-4">may not symptoms</a> but can still transmit the illness to others.The authors of the new Nature study also noted that diagnostic testing didn't become widely available in Wuhan until January 23, after the city was locked down.<a href="/intelligence/digital-health?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_subscription&amp;itm_content=health&amp;itm_campaign=digital-health"></a> Featured Health Articles: - <a href="/telehealth-industry-explained">Telehealth Industry Explained</a> - <a href="/value-based-care-pay-for-performance-healthcare-model">Value-Based Care Explained</a> - <a href="/senior-care-market-trends">Senior Care &amp; Assisted Living Market</a> - <a href="/wearable-technology-healthcare-medical-devices">Smart Medical Devices &amp; Wearable Tech</a> - <a href="/artificial-intelligence-healthcare">AI in Healthcare</a> - <a href="/remote-patient-monitoring-industry-explained">Remote Patient Monitoring Explained</a>- <a href="/ai-medical-diagnosis-report">AI in Medical Diagnosis Systems</a> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/novel-coronavirus-covid-19-symptoms-day-by-day-2020-3">What coronavirus symptoms look like, day by day</a></h3>

You Searched For "coronavirus cases community transmission" and got 8 results

Coronavirus: Here is the list of countries affected by COVID-19

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CDC: Rhode Island provided childcare to 19,000 kids this summer, and only 30 tested positive for the coronavirus. Here is the 4-step plan they followed.

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70% of people infected with the coronavirus did not pass it to anyone, preliminary research shows. Superspreading events account for most transmission.

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Health Ministry revises strategy for testing coronavirus

IANS

The coronavirus probably started spreading in Wuhan far earlier than Chinese authorities reported - here's the more likely timeline

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